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Et 1994 37-44 Intressanta fynd av storfjflrilar (Macrolepidoptera) i Sverige 1993 NILS RYRHOLM Ryrholm, N.: Intressanta fynd av storfjarilar (Macrolepidoptera) i Sverige 1993. [Remarkable records of Macrolepidoptera in Sweden 1993.1 - Ent. Tidskr. l15 (1-2): 37-44. Uppsala, Sweden 1994. ISSN 0013-886x. This is the 2lst. consecutive annual report on interesting finds and provincial records of Macrolepidoptera in Sweden. The list has now become a tradition and an increasing number of lepidopterologists active in Sweden are contributing to the gathering of information. Despite the cool and wet summer, two species new to Sweden were found this year, Eulithis pyropata and Cucullia boryphoro. The former is an old member of the Baltic fauna that has expanded somewhat in previous years and therefore might be expected to appear also in Sweden: whether it is resident or not remains to be seen. The latter is a Southeast European species that has never been recorded from northern- or westem Europe before. The Swedish finds of this species were therefore totally unexpected - and they represent a spectacular example of long distance moth migration. These two species bring the total number of Macrolepidoptera found in Sweden to 1059. Partly due to the extremely warm period in the end of April and May, a number of interesting finds were made this season, whereas the numb€r of new provincial records was lower than normal. Perhaps the most interesting provincial records were some previously unreported finds which have been hiding in different museums for 40 to 45 years, namely Everes argiades and Hydraecia ultima. Amongthe more notable finds reported this year were: Pontia daplidice, Baptria tibiale, Acasis appensata, Eilema griseola, Schrankia taenialis and Xestia distensa. A number ofspecies seem to have extended their range in the last few years, presumably due to the favourable weather in this period. Besides the Cucullia boryphora mig- ration in May, there were a few other favourable occasions bringing migrating moths into Sweden. The most spectacular immigration occurred l0-13 June when an immense number of Itame brunneard swept over southern Scandinavia. Other species that appeared as migrants were: Melanargia galathea, Orthonoma obstipata, Nycteola asiatica, Agrius convolvuli, Acherontia atropos and Callimorpha dominula. The classification is according to Catalogus Lepidopterum Sueciae ( 1987). Nils Ryrholm, Ent. ovd., Zool. inst., Uppsala universitet, Villaviigen 9, 5-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. Introduktion Den Arliga sammanstellningen civer intressanta sektsfaunan har intensifierats under 1990-talet. och nya fynd av storfjiirilar firar i och med denna Hiir finns det en stor miijlighet fcir alla intresse- rapport sin 2l-fusdag. Systematiken fdljer som ti- rade entomologer att gtira en insats ftjr vir miljd digare Svensson et al. (1987) och de svenskanam- bAde pA lokal-, regional- och riksnivA. F0rhopp- nen kommer frAn (Svensson & Palmqvist 1990). ningsvis kan samarbeten mellan lepidopterologer Frirsta delen av sammanstellningen tar upp Arets och olika instanser startas pe flera omrtden. Som mer intressanta fynd inklusive kommentarer om entomolog bcir man passa pA att vara med och dis- dessa. Ddrefter ftiljer en lista med de nya kutera naturfrlgor och pilverka nu ner debatten landskapsfynd som noterats under eret och de plgAr som intensivast. Pt detta sett kan fdrhopp- iildre fynd (med fAngs.tAr inom parentes) som inte ningsvis vissa misstag beroende pA okunskap fcir- rapporterats tidigare. Aven i Ar har nAgra nya rap- hindras inom svensk naturvArd. Dessutom kom- portdrer meddelat sig. Trenden frAn senare [r med mer Databanken fcir hotade arter vid Sveriges nytillskott till kadrerna hAller fortfarande i sig vil- lantbruksuniversitet att beh<iva information om ket iir mycket glAdjande. mlnga insektsarter de nermaste iren (Ehnstrcim et Debatten om naturverd och skydd av bl a in- al. in prep.). Av den anledningen bcir det iin en 37 Nils Ryrholm Ent. Tidskr. I l5 (1994) ging pApekas att alla fynd bdr rapporteras med dena temporiirt gynnsammare i sydligaste delen av kompletta och noggrannd etikettdata, giirna inklu- landet vilket giorde att en viss migration kunde no- sive koordinater. Eftersom alla fyndrapporter ar- teras. Detta resulterade i Arets sista distinkta migra- kiveras brir de vara sA kompletta som mcijligt. tionstillfiille med inflygning av bland annat vand- Viidret under 1993 var mycket speciellt och pre- rarfiiltmiitare (O rt honama obs ti pata), Akervinde- cis som fcireg6ende Ar kraftigt avvikande frAn det sviirmare (Agrius convolvuli) och bredvingad siilg- "normala". Siisongen bcirjade som under de se- fotsliipare (N yc t e o la a s ia t i c a). naste flren med en mild vinter som civergick i en Majviidrets frikostighet med sol och viirme bjcid tidig vAr i hela scidra och mellersta Sverige. Norra pA Arets stdrsta dverraskning och gjorde dessutom Norrland fick uppleva en i och fdr sig mild men att mlnga fdrsommararter noterades rekordtidigt dock sncirik vinter. I slutet av april kom sommaren 1993, exempelvis: krcint malmetare (Cloroclystis mycket pldtsligt till Gcita- och Svealand medan v-ata) och mossgrdn lobmiitare (Acasis viretata). stora delar av Norrland hade en normal och avse- Ndr sedan kylan ockuperade landet i juni stannade viirt svalare vir. Ett stort antal viirmerekord slogs i sdsongen upp niistan fullstiindigt. Diirfcir ftjrblev slutet av april och i maj, bl a uppmattes den htigsta artsammansettningen niistan konstant i scidra och dagstemperatur som noterats i Stockholm under mellersta Sverige under stora delar av juni. En ef- maj sedan miitningama startade 1756. Tyviin var fekt av detta blev att vissa arter var tiverflugna och sommarviirmen till iinda redan i slutet av maj. Diir- andra hade inte ens biirjat niir deras "normala" efter blev det ingen riktigt het dag mer i Sverige flygtid inftill vilket gforde det synnerligen svArt att under 1993! PA grund av detta mycket kraftiga vii- bedcima siisongens utveckling. PA grund av den deromslag blev maj Arets varmaste och soligaste ihAllande kallperioden blev flertalet hcigsommar- mAnad p[ mlnga platser i scidra och mellersta de- och tidiga hcistarter ftjrsenade. Den egendomliga larna av landet. Juni, juli och augusti var avsevert situationen uppstod att det i nlgra fall blev svArt att svalare och regnigare iin normalt i stort sett i hela avgiira om fynden hiirrcirde frln en fcirsenad f<irs- landet. Temperaturen orkade aldrig river 25 grader tageneration eller om det var en partiell andragene- under dessa tre mAnader, vilket gjorde att fcir fcirsta ration. Det rekordkalla viidret i september ledde till g6ngen pA ltskilliga ir har inga temperaturer dver- att mAnga hcistarter troligen fick stora problem med stigande 30 grader uppmetts i Sverige civerhuvud- att slutftira sin livscykel innan vintem vilket m6jli- taget under en hel sommar. Nordligaste Norrland gen kan leda till kraftigt minskade populationer av upplevde dock relativt varmt viider under nAgon vissa arter de nermaste Aren. Som fcir att ytterligare vecka i mitten av juli niir en pust med varm luft fijrvirra ett redan komplicerat liige medfcirde den svepte upp frln sydost frir att diirefter motas bort av starka septemberkylan att mAnga sena arter fldg nya lAgtryck frAn vdster. Detta var dock i stort sett betydligt tidigare iin normalt. Exempelvis btirjade den enda viidermiissiga muntrationen som bj<ids i spinnarmiitaren (Colotois pennaria\ och lind- stora delar av Norrland denna sommar. Over- mAtaren (Erannis defoliaria)flyga i Uppland redan gAngen till hcist blev p g a det svala och blcita viid- i mitten pi september, nAgot jag aldrig observerat ret relativt omaktig. En bit in i september kom hiis- ftirut. tens ftjrsta kallperiod och mlnaden som helhet blev Som framgAr av sammanstallningen nedan fci- rekordkall ijver stora delar av landet. Kylan fort- refaller flera arter ha varit under utbredning i satte sedan lAngt in i oktober varefter temperature- Sverige under senare Ar. Detta kan mrijligen ha ma ndrmade sig det fcir [rstiden normala igen. Sii- samband med de varma somrar vi fAtt uppleva ef- songen var dA redan slut frir flertalet insekter. ter 1987.I de fall diir viidret iir den huvudsakliga Kiildperioden i september--oktober orsakades orsaken till dessa fdriindringar finns det en stor frlimst av kraftiga htigtryck pA ovanligt nordliga risk att denna trend brutits p g a flrets svala som- banor. Dessa viidersystem medfrirde att Syd- och mar och synnerligen kylslagna hcist. Detta iir n[- Mellansverige fick uppleva en lAng period av fcir- got som alla entomologer bcir vara observanta pA hiirskande ostvindar vilket iir mycket siillsynt. Tro- infcir kommande siisonger. ligen p g a oftast fcirekommande hiiga vindhastig- Den dystra hcigsommarviiderleken avspeglas heter och lAga lufttemperaturer noterades fA mi- tydligt i de fA nya landskapsfynd som noterats. Dii- granter under denna ostvindsperiod. Sista veckan i remot har en del intressanta observationer giorts september och bcirjan av oktober blev fcirhillan- vilket delvis beror pA det varma viidret i april-maj. 38 Ent. Tidskr. ll5 (1994) Intressanta fynd av storfjcirilar Dessutom fflngades under I 993 tvl nya storfjiirilar frir landet, vilket senast hiinde 1985, ett vddermiis- sigt betydligt gynnsammare Ar. Med den varma luf- ten kom i mitten av maj en migrationsvAg frAn cister av det i Nord- och Viisteuropa oklinda kapuschong- flyet Cucullia boryphora Fischer von Waldheim I 840. Ett djur fAngades i en ljusfiilla p[ Jussarci ut- anfrir Hangri i sydviistligaste Finland
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