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WHO IS JOHN SMITH? by Esther H

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WHO IS JOHN SMITH? by Esther H WHO IS JOHN SMITH? By Esther H. M. Power Paper prepared for Terrace Park Woman’s Club October 2002 On a rock at the bend of Elm Road in Terrace Park there is a plaque which reads: Honoring John Smith First Settler on this land Baptist Preacher and leader Merchant and Miller Ardent proponent of Statehood First Ohio Senator 1803-08 Advisor to President Jefferson Located behind the rock across the field is John Smith’s original log house built about 1800 now encased and enlarged. Although not Smith’s first house in the Cincinnati area, it is one of the oldest. He occupied it for about 10 or 12 years. Smith arrived in Columbia in the spring of 1791 from the Redstone area of Western Pennsylvania which was for many pioneers from the east a place of new beginnings or a place of departure before moving farther west. Pioneers had their flat boats and keel boats built there. Among familiar names from Redstone area who came to Southwest Ohio were Covalt, Goforth, Stites, Corbley/Corbly and Smith. None of these arrived as coonskin capped woodsmen. Smith’s life can be seen as a four-act play, each act set in the place of his residence. The main character, John Smith, has been described “as a man of fine appearance, having a dark complexion and dark eyes. His step was bold, his carriage confident and erect. He spoke clearly and emphatically.” (1) Sometimes, his wife thought he spoke too loudly. Prologue: The time frame is post-American Revolution and the first quarter of the 19th century. When Smith arrived in Western Pennsylvania is not known nor is there any information about his early years except that he was born and educated in Virginia. However, how much schooling he had is uncertain since one who knew him has written that Smith’s intellect made up for his lack of education. (2) His writings tend to support this view. When he became a Baptist is also unknown. Since Baptists were ill-treated in Virginia, it may have been reason enough for his departure. It’s also possible that he became acquainted with the many Baptists in the Redstone area. Scattered among Western Pennsylvania militia and ranger records the name John Smith appears in a few places; there’s no certainly that it’s our John. Had he another name of even a middle initial, tracing him would have been somewhat easier. It’s easy to latch onto the wrong John and go down a false trail. Act I – Set in Western Pennsylvania Smith’s only military service appears in an account when he joined Colonel William Crawford’s group heading for Sandusky to fight the Indians in 1782. Smith, however, had a minor mishap at the beginning and turned back. Unfortunately for Crawford, he met with serious defeat, was captured, tortured and burned at a stake. In addition to his military service, Crawford is remembered on his memorial marker as: “Indian trader, surveyor, farmer, and land speculator”: (3) not too different from hats Smith would wear. The same year a massacre took place at the Forks of the Cheat Baptist Church (now in West Virginia because of boundary shifts). The church had been founded by John Corbley, Sr. a few years earlier. His wife, an infant, a son about six and a daughter were all killed by Indians. Two daughters survived scalping. (4) Corbley’s descendants erected a monument at the site noting Corbley as “patriot, soldier, legislator, draftsman, and minister”. (5) This, too, pretty much defines John Smith. Capable pioneers took on many roles. John Smith’s link to the Cheat River Church is that he was received into it in 1788, then called to his ordination there and became pastor in 179O. Soon therafter, however, he requested a letter of dismission. (6) What called him west is a matter of speculation. Act II – Set in Columbia, Ohio When Smith arrived, he brought with him his considerable talents, ambitions, and energy and soon became well regarded and known as a merchant, trader, miller, speculator as well as minister. The Columbia Baptist Church called “our beloved Brother John Smith” in 1791 as its first called minister after hearing him preach as a guest. He accepted the call and, for the first year, agreed to spend half his time preaching in Cincinnati. (7) While in Columbia, he officiated at the marriage of Mary Covalt and Joseph Jones. The pioneer church was built on land purchased from Benjamin Stites. Only the cemetery and a memorial marker celebrating the 100th anniversary of the arrival of the first boatload of pioneers remain to mark the spot across from Lunken Airport. After Anthony Wayne defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, the Indians essentially left the area, and pioneers felt safer to move out from the protection of the stations and small settlements and buy larger or more desirable tracts of land. Smith took early advantage of this opportunity and started buying land. With Evan Barnes and Samuel Heighway, he purchased 30-40,000 acres in Warren County from John Cleves Symmes for whom he served as agent for some sales. Sometimes Smith accepted grain and livestock in payment and then sold them down the Mississippi for profit. Money was scarce on the frontier and much business was done by barter and on credit. In time, Smith acquired the land that became Fairfax. His holdings in the general area of present day Terrace Park reached 750 or more acres. And these were just some of his purchases. In time, he delegated some of his real estate business to others to represent him. By 1796 he was the second highest taxpayer after Benjamin Stites in Columbia Township. (8) Smith was a family man. He had a wife, Elizabeth Mason Hickman, and five known children: Ambrose, Lewis, John, James and Ann. Indians killed Elizabeth’s first husband, Lewis Hickman, and left her at a very young age (13 or 15) with a small daughter, Mary. Elizabeth’s brother, William Mason, came west and settled a little farther north. Mason, Ohio is named for him. An English visitor, Francis Baily, described breakfast with the Smiths in Columbia in 1797 on land they had purchased where Crawfish Creek, now Delta, runs into the Ohio River: This house bore the marks of industry and cleanliness, and we were regaled with tea and coffee and boiled chicken…. and buckwheat cakes…. The farm of this gentleman consists of several acres of land joining his farmhouse which he keeps in high cultivation…. His warehouse was near the waterside. It consisted of one room, where he brings down the river such articles of European manufacture as are in most demand. (9) This suggests that he may have been in trade before coming to Ohio. His store was the second to open in Columbia. One writer relates that “Indians came to trade their skins and pelts for trinkets, powder and backwoods supplies at William Goforth’s log store or that of Baptist preacher, John Smith.” (10) Not all Indians in the area had been friendly having ambushed and killed Abraham Covalt and soon after his son Abraham near Covalt Station and others not far from Columbia. Once a public notice in the newspaper announced a reward for Indian scalps with the right ear attached. (10a) Smith’s travel, trade and political activities began to interfere with his church work at Columbia and by mutual consent he gave up his duties as pastor of the Columbia Baptist Church. Before long he was pastor for a couple of years of the Miami Island Church, sometimes called the Island Church, a small congregation said to be located about seven miles up the Little Miami River. To date, no one has been able to fix the exact location. The best guess is that it was somewhere around Round Bottom, itself an imprecise location generally thought to be near the ford in the river where the present Ford Road in Terrace Park crossed the Little Miami River. Small Baptist churches sprang up in the area, but most were short-lived. Smith became a leader in the Baptist Association, an inter-church organization, and served on a committee “to draw up general principles of faith, practice and decorum.” He helped fledgling groups. John Corbley, Jr. (son of his father’s second marriage), who had preceeded Smith to the area and was briefly at the Island Church, went on to found the Clough Baptist Church in Mt. Washington. He’s buried at the site of the old church now on private property off Clough Pike between Bridges Lane and Berkshire Road. Corbly Road is named for the family. Some years later a little Baptist meetinghouse was built where Indian Hill and Old Indian Hill Roads now diverge. A few remaining cemetery stones are at St. Thomas Church for safe keeping and are the only known artifacts from this time. Act III – Set at Round Bottom with the scene shifting to Louisiana, Mississippi Territory and Washington. Smith’s attention continued to focus on trade, land speculation and politics. Since 1795 a treaty with Spain had opened the Mississippi River to free trade down to New Orleans. As early as 1799, Smith had been in Louisiana signing a partnership agreement with Reuben Kemper of the well-known Cincinnati family. They agreed to sell their merchandise “to the best advantage for cotton or other commutable [exchangeable] articles.” (12) Much of what they offered was merchandise from Philadelphia. Over time Smith and Kemper disagreed over accounting measures and ownership of certain acres.
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