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Nepal: Proposed Road Connectivity Sector I Project Environmental

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Nepal: Proposed Road Connectivity Sector I Project Environmental Environmental Assessment Report Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 37266 March 2006 Nepal: Proposed Road Connectivity Sector I Project Prepared by Department of Roads, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The summary environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management or staff and may be preliminary in nature. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 28 February 2006) Currency Unit – Nepalese rupee/s (NRe/NRs) NRe1.00 = $0.0142 $1.00 = NRs70.3 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank DDC – District Development Committee DOF – Department of Forests DOR – Department of Roads EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan EMOP – environmental monitoring plan GEU – Geological and Environment Unit GTS – Galchi–Trisuli–Syaphrubesi (road) HMGN – His Majesty’s Government of Nepal IEE – initial environmental examination LNP – Langtang National Park MOEST – Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology MPPW – Ministry of Physical Planning and Works NAAQS – National Ambient Air Quality Standards NGO – nongovernment organization NTP – National Transport Policy PIU – project implementation unit PT – Phidim–Taplejung (road) RAP – resettlement action plan ROW – right-of-way SIA – social impact assessment SRN – strategic road network TA – technical assistance TMK – Tamakoshi-Manthali-Khurkot (road) TP – Tenth National Development Plan (TP 2002–2007) TSPM – total suspended particulate matter VDC – Village Development Committee WEIGHTS AND MEASURES cm – centimeter dB(A) – decibels measured in the audible human range ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter m3 – cubic meter NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government ends on 15 July. (ii) In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. CONTENTS Page MAPS I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT ACTIVITIES 1 III. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE SECTOR 2 IV. SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE SAMPLE SUBPROJECTS 3 A. Description of the Project 3 B. Description of the Environment 3 C. Alternatives 10 D. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 10 E. Economic Assessment 16 F. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 16 G. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 19 H. Conclusions and Recommendations 19 V. ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR SUBPROJECTS 20 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW FRAMEWORK 20 A. Environmental Assessment Requirement 20 B. Review Procedure for Environmental Assessment of Subprojects, Responsibilities, and Authorities 21 C. Monitoring and Due Diligence 22 D. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 22 E. Staffing Requirements and Budget 22 VII. CONCLUSION 23 APPENDIXES 1. Environmental Management Plan 24 2. Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators 38 82 o 00'E 88 o 00'E Syaphrubesi-Trishuli Core Road NEPAL Syaphrubesi PROPOSED NEPAL ROAD CONNECTIVITY Samdang S I Dhunche N SECTOR I PROJECT D H RASUWA U Three Sample Subprojects P A Tamakoshi-Manthali-Khurkot Core Road L N C H O Jiri K Charikot 0 20 40 60 80 100 NUWAKOT Phidim-Taplejung Core Road Trisuli Kiratichhap Kilometers DOLAKHA Bidur Pipaltar Ghyan BHAKTAPUR TAPLEJUNG PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Bhaktapur OF CHINA Kathmandu Patan Katuwalgaon RAMECCHAP Taplejung LALITPUR KATHMANDU Manthali PANCHTAR Parewadanda Lyanlyan Basantapur 30 o 00'N Phidim 30 o 00'N FARWESTERN DEVELOPMENT MIDWESTERN Landi TERHATHUM REGION MAHAKALI DEVELOPMENT Sartap REGION SINDHULI Terhathum Ilam Patan Kolti Majuwa KARNALI Sindhulimadi Magalbare Dadeldhura I N D I A Jumla ILAM Silgarhi SETI Ringmo Mahendranagar Dhankuta Diliket Dunai Limbu Khandrun Atariya DHANKUTA BHERI Dhangadhi WESTERN Birendranagar DHAWALAGIRI DEVELOPMENT CENTRAL REGION DEVELOPMENT RAPTI Salyan GANDAKI REGION Patan Baglung Pokhara Basihar Tulsipur Pyuthan EASTERN Gorahi Tamghas Syabrubensi Nepalganj Gorkha DEVELOPMENT Sandikharka Trisuli REGION Mugling BAGMATI Lamahi Tansen LUMBINI Narayangarh Kathmandu Butwal Naubise Charikot Taulihawa NARAYANI Kiratichhap Jiri MECHI Bhairawa Bhaktapur Salleri Bhimpedi Lumbini Taplejung Hetauda Manthali Okhaldhunga KOSHI National Capital Other Road Pathlaiya Sindhulimadi I N D I A o JANAKPUR Diktel Phidim o 27 00'N Zone Capital Track Road Birganj Terhathum 27 00'N District Capital River I N D I A Bardibas SAGARMATHA Dhankuta Ilam Dharan Other Town District Boundary Janakpur Itarhi Core Road Zonal Boundary Chandragadhi Biratnagar ADB RNDP Loan Project Road Regional Boundary 0 6 National Road International Boundary - M 1 2 3 Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. a 0 p a H o o 82 00'E 88 00'E 1 R 82 o 00'E 88 o 00'E FARWESTERN DEVELOPMENT REGION MIDWESTERN o o 30 00'N DEVELOPMENT 30 00'N NEPAL MAHAKALI REGION PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC ROAD CONNECTIVITY SETI Kolti OF CHINA SECTOR I PROJECT Silgarhi Jumla KARNALI Location of Langtang National Park WESTERN Mahendranagar DEVELOPMENT Dunai and Land Use Atariya REGION BHERI CENTRAL DEVELOPMENT Birendranagar DHAWALAGIRI REGION GANDAKI Baglung Location of Langtang EASTERN RAPTI Pokhara National Park Syabrubensi DEVELOPMENT N REGION Lamahi Trisuli BAGMATI Butwal LUMBINI 0 5 10 15 Jiri MECHI Bhairawa Kathmandu Salleri Hetauda Taplejung KOSHI Kilometers NARAYANI JANAKPUR Diktel Ilam o I N D I A Bardibas o 27 00'N SAGARMATHA 27 00'N 82 o 00'E Dharan Biratnagar 88 o 00'E PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Cultivated Land Syaphrubesi LANGTANG NATIONAL PARK Forest/Grassland Other (rock/ice) National Capital Dunche City/Town Prioritized Road National Road River Zone Boundary Regional Boundary International Boundary Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. Betrawati 0 6 M - 1 to Trisuli and Galchi 2 a 3 0 p b H 2 R I. INTRODUCTION 1. This document covers the general assessment of environmental impacts associated with the Road Connectivity Sector I Project in Nepal (the Project) and the summary of the detailed environmental assessments for the rehabilitation and improvement of three core sample subproject roads: (i) the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of Galchi–Trisuli–Syaphrubesi (GTS), (ii) the initial environmental examination (IEE) of Phidim–Taplejung (PT), and (iii) the IEE of Tamakoshi-Manthali-Khurkot (TMK). The EIA and IEE reports were prepared by the technical assistance consultants, Oriental Consultants Co Ltd (in association with ITECO and Nepal Development Research Institute), on behalf of the Department of Roads (DOR), Ministry of Physical Planning and Works (MPPW). This summary environmental impact assessment (SEIA) has been prepared for the use of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). 2. The Project will be implemented with a sector loan. On the basis of the three core sample subproject roads, the overall project is classified as an “A” project, according to ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003).1 An EIA had to be done because GTS passes through Langtang National Park (LNP). However, some subprojects may involve only insignificant physical interventions to improve the road conditions and will, therefore, need only an IEE report. The assessment studies for the core subproject roads were carried out from 1 February to 31 May 2005. 3. The Project is subject to the Government’s Environmental Protection Rules 1997 and requires environmental clearance before the civil works can begin. The Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology (MOEST) grants clearance for “A” subprojects (in this case, the GTS subproject). Environmental clearance for the “B” subprojects (the PT and TMK subprojects) will be granted by the MPPW. The environmental assessment reports on the three subprojects are now being reviewed by those ministries. II. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT ACTIVITIES 4. The Project aims to reduce poverty and deprivation of relatively isolated people in the mountainous northern part of Nepal, and support economic growth of rural communities by providing them enhanced road access to markets, employment opportunities, and social services, including health and education. The Project will involve improving and increasing overall capacity and efficiency on about 490 km of roads. Three of these roads, with a total length of about 227 km and designed to serve eight districts, were selected as sample roads (Table 1). 5. To improve road network connectivity, some roads will undergo minor widening, drainage will be improved, causeways will be built across streams and culverts, landslips will be stabilized, alignment will be improved, and bioengineering applications will be undertaken. 1 The Project was initially classified as a “B” project in June 2004, when the affected project areas had not yet been completely identified. Initial environmental reconnaissance and rapid environmental assessment (REA) by consultants under ADB guidelines in February 2005, however, indicated that one project road would go through Langtang National Park. 2 III. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE SECTOR 6. Road transport is the dominant mode of transport for passengers and freight in Nepal, but road density is low (10.4 km of road per 100 km2) and less than in neighboring countries. Nepal’s complex topography and insufficient resources severely limit access by road. This problem is particularly acute in remote areas and is believed to contribute to rural poverty. The strategic plans of the Government recognize the need to improve rural transport connectivity. His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMGN) has responded and prepared a National Transport Policy (NTP). To improve connectivity to district centers
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