Unit Plans on Selected Topics for Beginning Chinese
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Sinitic Languages of Northwest China: Where Did Their Case Marking Come From?* Dan Xu
Sinitic languages of Northwest China: Where did their case marking come from?* Dan Xu To cite this version: Dan Xu. Sinitic languages of Northwest China: Where did their case marking come from?*. Cao, Djamouri and Peyraube. Languages in contact in Northwestern China, 2015. hal-01386250 HAL Id: hal-01386250 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01386250 Submitted on 31 Oct 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Copyright Sinitic languages of Northwest China: Where did their case marking come from?* XU DAN 1. Introduction In the early 1950s, Weinreich (1953) published a monograph on language contact. Although this subject drew the attention of a few scholars, at the time it remained marginal. Over two decades, several scholars including Moravcsik (1978), Thomason and Kaufman (1988), Aikhenvald (2002), Johanson (2002), Heine and Kuteva (2005) and others began to pay more attention to language contact. As Thomason and Kaufman (1988: 23) pointed out, language is a system, or even a system of systems. Perhaps this is why previous studies (Sapir, 1921: 203; Meillet 1921: 87) indicated that grammatical categories are not easily borrowed, since grammar is a system. -
The History of Holt Cheng Starts 88Th
The Very Beginning (written with great honor by cousin Basilio Chen 鄭/郑华树) The Roots Chang Kee traces his family roots as the 87th descendant of Duke Huan of Zheng (鄭桓公), thus posthumorously, Dr. Holt Cheng is referred to in the ancient family genealogical tradition Duke Holt Cheng, descendant of the royal family Zhou (周) from the Western Zhou Dynasty. The roots and family history of Chang Kee starts over 2,800 years ago in the Zhou Dynasty (周朝) when King Xuan (周宣王, 841 BC - 781 BC), the eleventh King of the Zhou Dynasty, made his younger brother Ji You (姬友, 806 BC-771 BC) the Duke of Zheng, establishing what would be the last bastion of Western Zhou (西周朝) and at the same time establishing the first person to adopt the surname Zheng (also Romanized as Cheng in Wades-Giles Dictionary of Pronunciation). The surname Zheng (鄭) which means "serious" or " solemn", is also unique in that is the only few surname that also has a City-State name associated it, Zhengzhou city (鄭國 or鄭州in modern times). Thus, the State of Zheng (鄭國) was officially established by the first Zheng (鄭,) Duke Huan of Zheng (鄭桓公), in 806 BC as a city-state in the middle of ancient China, modern Henan Province. Its ruling house had the surname Ji (姬), making them a branch of the Zhou royal house, and were given the rank of bo (伯,爵), corresponding roughly to an earl. Later, this branch adopted officially the surname Zheng (鄭) and thus Ji You (or Earl Ji You, as it would refer to in royal title) was known posthumously as Duke Huan of Zheng (鄭桓公) becoming the first person to adopt the family surname of Zheng (鄭), Chang Kee’s family name in Chinese. -
Piggyback GAN: Efficient Lifelong Learning for Image Conditioned Generation
Piggyback GAN: Efficient Lifelong Learning for Image Conditioned Generation Mengyao Zhai1, Lei Chen1, Jiawei He1, Megha Nawhal1, Frederick Tung2, and Greg Mori1 1 Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada 2 Borealis AI, Vancouver, Canada {mzhai, chenleic, jha203, mnawhal}@sfu.ca, [email protected], [email protected] Task 1 Task 2 Task … Task 1 Task 2 Task … conditional target conditional target conditional generated conditional generated images images images images images images images images (a) Ground truth (b) Sequential Fine-tuning conditional generated conditional generated conditional generated conditional generated images images images images images images images images add few additional parameters (c) Train a separate model for each task (d) Piggyback GAN Fig. 1. Lifelong learning of image-conditioned generation. The goal of lifelong learning is to build a model capable of adapting to tasks that are encountered se- quentially. Traditional fine-tuning methods are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting: when we add new tasks, the network forgets how to perform previous tasks (Figure 1 (b)). Storing a separate model for each task addresses catastrophic forgetting in an inefficient way as each set of parameters is only useful for a single task (Figure 1(c)). Our Piggyback GAN achieves image-conditioned generation with high image quality on par with separate models at a lower parameter cost by efficiently utilizing stored parameters (Figure 1 (d)). Abstract. Humans accumulate knowledge in a lifelong fashion. Modern deep neural networks, on the other hand, are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting: when adapted to perform new tasks, they often fail to pre- serve their performance on previously learned tasks. -
An Analysis of the Death Mystery of Huo Qubing, a Famous Cavalry General in the Western Han Dynasty
Journal of Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology DOI: 10.23977/jfsst.2021.010410 Clausius Scientific Press, Canada Volume 1, Number 4, 2021 An Analysis of the Death Mystery of Huo Qubing, a Famous Cavalry General in the Western Han Dynasty Liu Jifeng, Chen Mingzhi Shandong Maritime Vocational College, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China Keywords: Huo qubing, Myth, Mysterious death Abstract: Throughout his whole lifetime, Huo Qubing created a myth of ancient war, and left an indelible mark in history. But, pitifully, he suddenly died during young age. His whole life was very short, and it seemed that Huo was born for war and died at the end of war. Although he implemented his great words and aspirations “What could be applied to get married, since the Huns haven’t been eliminated?”, and had no regrets for life, still, his mysterious death caused endless questions and intriguing reveries for later generations. 1. Introduction Huo Qubing, with a humble origin, was born in 140 B.C. in a single-parent family in Pingyang, Hedong County, which belongs to Linfen City, Shanxi Province now. He was an illegitimate child of Wei Shaoer, a female slave of Princess Pingyang Mansion, and Huo Zhongru, an inferior official. Also, he was a nephew-in-mother of Wei Qing, who was General-in-chief Serving as Commander-in-chief in the Western Han Dynasty. Huo Qubing was greatly influenced by his uncle Wei Qing. He was a famous military strategist and national hero during the period of Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty. He was fond of horse-riding and archery. -
Accelerated WGAN Update Strategy with Loss Change Rate Balancing
Accelerated WGAN update strategy with loss change rate balancing Xu Ouyang Ying Chen Gady Agam Illinois Institute of Technology {xouyang3, ychen245}@hawk.iit.edu, [email protected] Abstract Optimizing the discriminator in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to completion in the inner training loop is computationally prohibitive, and on finite datasets would result in overfitting. To address this, a common update strat- egy is to alternate between k optimization steps for the dis- criminator D and one optimization step for the generator G. This strategy is repeated in various GAN algorithms where k is selected empirically. In this paper, we show that this update strategy is not optimal in terms of accuracy and con- vergence speed, and propose a new update strategy for net- works with Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) group related loss functions (e.g. WGAN, WGAN-GP, Deblur GAN, and Super resolution GAN). The proposed update strategy is based on a loss change ratio comparison of G and D. We demonstrate Figure 1. Comparison of the Frenchet Inception Distance (FID) that the proposed strategy improves both convergence speed for WGAN and the proposed adaptive WGAN with different co- and accuracy. efficient λ on the CIFAR10 dataset. A lower FID means better performance. The parameters nd and ng show the fixed number of update steps in WGAN for the discriminator and generator re- 1. Introduction spectively. GANs [8] provide an effective deep neural network framework that can capture data distribution. GANs are GANs minimize a probabilistic divergence between real and modeled as a min-max two-player game between a discrim- fake (generated by the generator) data distributions [22]. -
Is Shuma the Chinese Analog of Soma/Haoma? a Study of Early Contacts Between Indo-Iranians and Chinese
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 216 October, 2011 Is Shuma the Chinese Analog of Soma/Haoma? A Study of Early Contacts between Indo-Iranians and Chinese by ZHANG He Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. -
Gateless Gate Has Become Common in English, Some Have Criticized This Translation As Unfaithful to the Original
Wú Mén Guān The Barrier That Has No Gate Original Collection in Chinese by Chán Master Wúmén Huìkāi (1183-1260) Questions and Additional Comments by Sŏn Master Sǔngan Compiled and Edited by Paul Dōch’ŏng Lynch, JDPSN Page ii Frontspiece “Wú Mén Guān” Facsimile of the Original Cover Page iii Page iv Wú Mén Guān The Barrier That Has No Gate Chán Master Wúmén Huìkāi (1183-1260) Questions and Additional Comments by Sŏn Master Sǔngan Compiled and Edited by Paul Dōch’ŏng Lynch, JDPSN Sixth Edition Before Thought Publications Huntington Beach, CA 2010 Page v BEFORE THOUGHT PUBLICATIONS HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92648 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © 2010 ENGLISH VERSION BY PAUL LYNCH, JDPSN NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, GRAPHIC, ELECTRONIC, OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPYING, RECORDING, TAPING OR BY ANY INFORMATION STORAGE OR RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT THE PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY LULU INCORPORATION, MORRISVILLE, NC, USA COVER PRINTED ON LAMINATED 100# ULTRA GLOSS COVER STOCK, DIGITAL COLOR SILK - C2S, 90 BRIGHT BOOK CONTENT PRINTED ON 24/60# CREAM TEXT, 90 GSM PAPER, USING 12 PT. GARAMOND FONT Page vi Dedication What are we in this cosmos? This ineffable question has haunted us since Buddha sat under the Bodhi Tree. I would like to gracefully thank the author, Chán Master Wúmén, for his grace and kindness by leaving us these wonderful teachings. I would also like to thank Chán Master Dàhuì for his ineptness in destroying all copies of this book; thankfully, Master Dàhuì missed a few so that now we can explore the teachings of his teacher. -
Appendix A: Soy Adi Kanunu (The Surname Law)
APPENDIX A: SOY ADı KaNUNU (THE SURNaME LaW) Republic of Turkey, Law 2525, 6.21.1934 I. Every Turk must carry his surname in addition to his proper name. II. The personal name comes first and the surname comes second in speaking, writing, and signing. III. It is forbidden to use surnames that are related to military rank and civil officialdom, to tribes and foreign races and ethnicities, as well as surnames which are not suited to general customs or which are disgusting or ridiculous. IV. The husband, who is the leader of the marital union, has the duty and right to choose the surname. In the case of the annulment of marriage or in cases of divorce, even if a child is under his moth- er’s custody, the child shall take the name that his father has cho- sen or will choose. This right and duty is the wife’s if the husband is dead and his wife is not married to somebody else, or if the husband is under protection because of mental illness or weak- ness, and the marriage is still continuing. If the wife has married after the husband’s death, or if the husband has been taken into protection because of the reasons in the previous article, and the marriage has also declined, this right and duty belongs to the closest male blood relation on the father’s side, and the oldest of these, and in their absence, to the guardian. © The Author(s) 2018 183 M. Türköz, Naming and Nation-building in Turkey, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56656-0 184 APPENDIX A: SOY ADI KANUNU (THE SURNAME LAW) V. -
Last Name First Name/Middle Name Course Award Course 2 Award 2 Graduation
Last Name First Name/Middle Name Course Award Course 2 Award 2 Graduation A/L Krishnan Thiinash Bachelor of Information Technology March 2015 A/L Selvaraju Theeban Raju Bachelor of Commerce January 2015 A/P Balan Durgarani Bachelor of Commerce with Distinction March 2015 A/P Rajaram Koushalya Priya Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Hiba Mohsin Mohammed Master of Health Leadership and Aal-Yaseen Hussein Management July 2015 Aamer Muhammad Master of Quality Management September 2015 Abbas Hanaa Safy Seyam Master of Business Administration with Distinction March 2015 Abbasi Muhammad Hamza Master of International Business March 2015 Abdallah AlMustafa Hussein Saad Elsayed Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Abdallah Asma Samir Lutfi Master of Strategic Marketing September 2015 Abdallah Moh'd Jawdat Abdel Rahman Master of International Business July 2015 AbdelAaty Mosa Amany Abdelkader Saad Master of Media and Communications with Distinction March 2015 Abdel-Karim Mervat Graduate Diploma in TESOL July 2015 Abdelmalik Mark Maher Abdelmesseh Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Master of Strategic Human Resource Abdelrahman Abdo Mohammed Talat Abdelziz Management September 2015 Graduate Certificate in Health and Abdel-Sayed Mario Physical Education July 2015 Sherif Ahmed Fathy AbdRabou Abdelmohsen Master of Strategic Marketing September 2015 Abdul Hakeem Siti Fatimah Binte Bachelor of Science January 2015 Abdul Haq Shaddad Yousef Ibrahim Master of Strategic Marketing March 2015 Abdul Rahman Al Jabier Bachelor of Engineering Honours Class II, Division 1 -
Clans at Bukit Pasoh the Clan Associations of Bukit Pasoh Were, and Still Are, Integral to Their Respective Communities
Chinatown Stories | Updated as of August 2019 Clans At Bukit Pasoh The clan associations of Bukit Pasoh were, and still are, integral to their respective communities. In 19th and early 20th century Singapore, social services were sorely lacking. This was where the clan associations played a vital role: providing a community and invaluable support for fellow immigrants of common ancestry, surname or language, or those who were from the same hometown. Beyond social functions, some of these clans founded schools, provided scholarships, and supported local arts and culture. They also assisted members with important life events such as weddings and funerals. These clan associations used to be concentrated along certain streets in Chinatown, such as Bukit Pasoh Road. Even though their numbers are fast dwindling today due to diminishing membership and high operating costs, the few that remain at Bukit Pasoh such as Gan Clan, Tung On Wui Kun, Koh Clan and Chin Kang Huay Kuan have adapted to the times. They continue to pool resources to promote Chinese culture, guard their heritage and benefit the community. Gan Clan This kinship clan’s early years were fraught with obstacles. Dating from 1926, it was established for immigrants with the surname Gan (颜, Yan in Mandarin) and was known as the Lu Guo Tang (鲁国堂) Gan Clan Association. During the Japanese Occupation, it ceased operations, but re-registered itself as an association after 1948. However, it dissolved again as a result of weak organisational structure. Undeterred, founding chairman Gan Yue Cheng (颜有政) suggested reviving the clan during a banquet in 1965. -
The Rise of Agricultural Civilization in China: the Disparity Between Archeological Discovery and the Documentary Record and Its Explanation
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 175 December, 2006 The Rise of Agricultural Civilization in China: The Disparity between Archeological Discovery and the Documentary Record and Its Explanation by Zhou Jixu Center for East Asian Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chinese Department, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series edited by Victor H. Mair. The purpose of the series is to make available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including Romanized Modern Standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. The only style-sheet we honor is that of consistency. Where possible, we prefer the usages of the Journal of Asian Studies. -
Self-Study Syllabus on Chinese Foreign Policy
Self-Study Syllabus on Chinese Foreign Policy www.mandarinsociety.org PrefaceAbout this syllabus with China’s rapid economic policymakers in Washington, Tokyo, Canberra as the scale and scope of China’s current growth, increasing military and other capitals think about responding to involvement in Africa, China’s first overseas power,Along and expanding influence, Chinese the challenge of China’s rising power. military facility in Djibouti, or Beijing’s foreign policy is becoming a more salient establishment of the Asian Infrastructure concern for the United States, its allies This syllabus is organized to build Investment Bank (AIIB). One of the challenges and partners, and other countries in Asia understanding of Chinese foreign policy in that this has created for observers of China’s and around the world. As China’s interests a step-by-step fashion based on one hour foreign policy is that so much is going on become increasingly global, China is of reading five nights a week for four weeks. every day it is no longer possible to find transitioning from a foreign policy that was In total, the key readings add up to roughly one book on Chinese foreign policy that once concerned principally with dealing 800 pages, rarely more than 40–50 pages will provide a clear-eyed assessment of with the superpowers, protecting China’s for a night. We assume no prior knowledge everything that a China analyst should know. regional interests, and positioning China of Chinese foreign policy, only an interest in as a champion of developing countries, to developing a clearer sense of how China is To understanding China’s diplomatic history one with a more varied and global agenda.