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Discipline and Punish helps you keep track of books you want to read. Want to Read saving…. Want to Read Currently Reading Discipline and Punish. Other editions. Enlarge cover. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Open Preview See a Problem? Details if other :. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. Preview — Discipline and Punish by Discipline and Punish Foucault. Alan Sheridan Translator. Librarian Discipline and Punish an alternate cover for this edition can be found here. Get A Copy. Paperbackpages. Published April 25th Discipline and Punish Vintage first published More Details Original Title. Other Editions 5. Friend Reviews. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about Discipline and PunishDiscipline and Punish sign up. Be the first to ask a question about Discipline and Punish. Lists with This Book. Community Reviews. Showing Average rating 4. Rating details. More Discipline and Punish. Sort order. This book begins with a bang — in fact, a series of bangs. That is the point, you see. We need to be shocked about what is, after all, our relatively recent past. Now, Discipline and Punish struggle to believe that people who lived 20 or 30 years ago where quite like us — even when we ourselves were those people. Today we cast off selves and disown past selves like our endless This book begins with a bang — in fact, a series of bangs. Today we cast off selves and disown Discipline and Punish selves like our endlessly cheap clothes — cheaper to buy than to wash, as someone pointed out recently — or like snakes and their skins, cicadas and their chrysalises. The next day the arm was Discipline and Punish off, and, since it fell at his feet, he was constantly kicking it up and down the scaffold; on the third day, red-hot pincers were applied to his breasts and the Discipline and Punish of his arm; on the fourth day, the pincers were applied similarly on the back of his arm and on his buttocks; and thus, consecutively, this man was tortured for eighteen days. After six hours, he was still asking for water, which was not given him. Perhaps what is most shocking is the level of vengeance that is taken on the body of the guilty man. A transgression of the law — and the law at the time was represented in the body and in the will of the king — was equally revenged on the body of the transgressor. The Discipline and Punish was that this expression of state power was far too often arbitrary and grossly overwrought. As in the example above, the vengeance of the state seems to know no bounds. We like to see our world as one on a kind of Discipline and Punish incline towards progress. All the same, there was a clear shift in policy away from torture of bodies towards using punishment as means of making an example of the criminal and also perhaps being able to reform them. The focus shifted to the souls of the wrong doers — but also on the social consequences of their crimes. The punishment had to make risking doing the crime simply not worth it. The punishment also had to encourage the criminal to live a good life, that is, the punishment ought to make the crime abhorrent to the criminal. To understand how to be good requires a particular kind of knowledge. Knowledge, then, is a direct consequence of power, of Discipline and Punish power — and true knowledge is aligned with the exercise of power. Ok, that might sound like rubbish — but I think it is a remarkably Discipline and Punish point. To punish someone now means two things, you have some idea of what is the right way to live a life and that if you Discipline and Punish a certain punishment on a person that punishment will thereby make them a better person. Knowledge and Law and therefore also Power Discipline and Punish all instances of the same thing. That a boarding school was run in much the same way that a prison is run and so it all seemed quite normal to him. It is probably easier if you just Google Panopticon — but the basic idea is to build a prison in which all of the cells are in the circumference of a circular building while at the centre of the circular prison there is a tower. Inside the tower is a guard or citizens who have dropped by to see that the prisoners are reforming. The cells on the circumference of the circular building all have two windows — one facing into the centre of the building and the other on the opposite wall looking out. The second window looking out provides light into the cell — the window facing the tower means that the prisoner can be watched at any time of the day or night by the guard. The whole thing is designed so that the prisoner just doesn't know if or when the guard is watching — but the prisoner does know that there is no time when the guard will definitely not be watching. Discipline and Punish is all a bit like God — constantly watching to constantly provide you with a conscience or what is the next best thing to a conscience, as you act as if you are doing right for its own sake, even though you are doing right just in case you get caught doing wrong. There was also the problem of having lots of criminals in one place that needed to be addressed so as to stop that one place becoming a university of criminality. So, prisoners were not allowed to talk to one another. And they were kept in isolation for long periods of time. The secret to right moral action, then, is more than just the relationship between knowledge and power — but also of proper surveillance. And surveillance now dominates our lives. And not just the cameras that are everywhere filming our every movement. But also in our obsession with tests in schools and performance reviews at work. To Foucault, the panopticon was not just a model for the ideal prison, but also for the ideal hospital, factory and school. He points out that this surveillance has meant turning our lives into texts. There was a time when only the heroes of our world had books written about them - today we are our high school report cards, our credit ratings, our performance review results, our medical history cards. In this book he points out that the word discipline has always had the dual meaning it has today — a discipline as an area of study and discipline as in being forced to behave correctly. This seems terribly important to me. We are shocked when we learn of the Discipline and Punish used by the Stasi — and rightly so — but we actively sign up so that international corporations can monitor Discipline and Punish single item we purchase so as to better sell to us Discipline and Punish they might agree to giving us a free chocolate bar every year or so. This is a very disturbing book — it is also a must read. View all 12 comments. It is an analysis of the social and theoretical mechanisms behind the changes that occurred in Western penal systems during the modern age based on historical documents from France. Foucault argues that prison did not become the principal form of punishment just because of the humanitarian concerns Discipline and Punish reformists. He traces the cultural shifts that led to the predominance of prison via the body and power. Prison used by the "disciplines" — new technological powers that can also be found, according to Foucault, in places such as schools, hospitals, and military barracks. Apr 06, David Withun rated it really liked it Shelves: philosophy. View 1 comment. Before a couple weeks ago I never quite found myself in the "right" mood for a French post-structural look at power, prisons, and punishment. It is interesting reading this and thinking about how influential Foucault was in the modern criticisms of the penal system, and various areas of control schools, hospitals, psychiatric facilities, the military and prisons. I didn't realize until I read the prologue that the "Disciple" part of the title was originally Surveiller Watch et punir Punish. It made sense back in the day to use discipline, but given the giant NSA observation issues, I kinda hope Discipline and Punish consider changing the title at some point back to some variant of watch. That Discipline and Punish a surprise part of the book that isn't communicated by discipline, and a part that is VERY relevant to the world we exist in. Anyway, I could probably come up with some high-falutin reason to like or not like this book, but honestly, I kinda liked it, just not enough to put forward HUGE Discipline and Punish of defense or evangelism. There were some of the obvious issues with a lot of postmodern historical books big ideas, radical Discipline and Punish to look at thingsbut the damn flag is pretty high and pretty big and the pole is thin and isn't buried very deep. But God love Foucault and his big poles. So, I still want to read his sexy books, his book on madness, and his book on the clinic, Discipline and Punish I guess that makes this a four-star book. I don't want to read all of his stuff tomorrow, but I want to read more View all Discipline and Punish comments. Dec 26, AC rated it it was amazing Shelves: foucaultpostmodernism. It will be enough and more than enough. I came at this book with decades of prejudice built-up Discipline and Punish and it showed in my essentially failed reading of Madness and Civilization. I knew that Foucault was a fake and a charlatan before I Discipline and Punish cracked a page. His verbal cleverness, the frequent use of reversals and antitheses, isocola, polarities, etc…, often reveal NOT the underlying truth, but an addiction Discipline and Punish illusion and pretense. It is rhetorical … none of which takes away from the sheer surface brilliance of this book. Taking pages out of the Philebus of Plato, Foucault loves to talk about the minute parts, exhaustive, continuous, almost infinite divisions and partitions into which his moral continua and the physical continua, like body, as well can be partitioned, divided, apportioned, etc. Michel Foucault (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

Start growing! Boost your life and career with the best book summaries. Discipline and Punish you ever wondered why public tortures and executions evolved into prisons and penitentiaries? Steven Pinker would say because of the better angels of our nature. Michel Foucault was a Discipline and Punish philosopher, historian of ideas and social theorist, extremely influential in areas as diverse as communication and cultural studies, feminism and literary theory. Born in an upper-class family in France, Foucault earned degrees in philosophy and psychology at the Sorbonne University of Paris. If not, he was a domestic servant who tried to Discipline and Punish King Louis XIV back inunsurprisingly, the year he died. It suffices to say for now that Giacomo Casanova — the Casanova — was present at the execution and that he writes about it in his memoirs thus:. We had the courage to watch the dreadful sight for four hours … Damiens was a fanatic, who, with the idea of doing a good work and obtaining a heavenly reward, had Discipline and Punish to assassinate Louis XV; and though the attempt was a failure, and he only gave the king a slight wound, he was torn Discipline and Punish pieces as if his crime had been consummated… I was several times obliged to turn away my face and to stop my ears as I heard his piercing shrieks, half of his body having been torn from him…. The Discipline and Punish of it included bootshot wax, sulfur, molten lead, boiling oil and red-hot pincers before the dismemberment. Because, you see, Foucault says, torture and prison are just different means by which those in power legitimate their power. And governments used Discipline and Punish torture and executions for the exact opposite: to recover their power. To show everybody that a certain criminal was, in fact, a criminal and that he atones for his sins. After the torture, in the eyes of many, Damiens, like King Discipline and Punishwas more sinned against than sinning. And suddenly, instead of a failed assassin, he was on the brink of becoming a martyr. Or, in other words, punishments which transformed the public theater of execution into a mini-theater of signs and symbols. About a century later than the time Foucault is talking about, but — hey — the U. You know: the class struggle Marx was talking about in the world of power relations. You see, even back in Ancient Greece, Plato was interested to find out how a state can control an invisible man. Well, the technology of the 19 th century made it possible for those in power to make one step more: to control and nowadays, even watch everybody all the time. By going to school or work everyday for at least eight hours; by having no more than few free days during a year; by staring at the TV Netflix or the computer screen Facebook, Twitter, Instagram for at least five hours a day — you are in fact being trained by those in power to be their perfect subject. They will have the counter-effect. Even though, through a series of institutions and mini-punishments low grade, lower rating, bad reviewthey have successfully made you internalize the discipline they want you Discipline and Punish be suppressed by. Public Executions May Result in Revolutions 2. Disciplinary Measures Produce Docile Bodies 3. In answering the first part of the Discipline and Punish, Foucault analyzes the history of the public execution. And shows that the problem with them is rather straightforward: they may incite the masses to rebel against the inhumane punishment exerted upon an individual. And all governments use punishments for the exact opposite: to recover their power, which has been challenged by some crime. At the end of the 18 th and the beginning of the 19 th century, the Discipline and Punish theater of public executions made way for the mini-theater of the chain gang. And after some time, technology made it possible for those in power to control us in an even easier way. They found out that discipline — whether at schools or factories — results in the internalization of the beliefs of the ruling class within the bodies of the subjected class. Working 8 hours Discipline and Punish day and not wondering why is basically on par with being publicly executed, if not even worse. Like this summary? Learn more and more, in the speed that the world demands. Start learning at the speed of today's world. Website language:. Learn with our well-curated library! Discipline and Punish - Michel Foucault

It is an analysis of the social and theoretical mechanisms behind the changes that occurred in Western penal systems during the modern age based on historical documents from France. Foucault argues that prison did Discipline and Punish become the principal form of punishment just because of the humanitarian concerns of reformists. He traces the cultural shifts that led to the predominance of prison via the body and power. Prison used by the "disciplines" — new technological powers that can also be found, according to Foucault, in places such as schools, hospitals, and military barracks. In a later work, Security, Territory, PopulationFoucault admitted that he was somewhat overzealous in his argument that disciplinary power conditions Discipline and Punish he amended and developed his earlier ideas. The main ideas of Discipline and Punish can be grouped according to its four parts: torturepunishment, discipline, and prison. These examples provide a picture of just how profound the changes in Western penal systems were after less than a century. Foucault wants the reader to consider what led to these changes and how Western attitudes shifted so radically. He believes that the question of the nature of these changes is best asked by assuming that they were not used to create a more humanitarian penal system, nor to more exactly punish or rehabilitate, but as part of a continuing trajectory of subjection. Foucault wants to tie scientific knowledge and technological development to the development of the prison to prove this point. He defines a "micro-physics" of power, which is constituted by a power that is strategic and tactical rather than acquired, preserved or possessed. He explains that power and knowledge imply one another, as opposed to the common belief that knowledge exists independently of power relations knowledge is always contextualized in a framework which makes it intelligible, so the humanizing discourse of psychiatry is an expression of the tactics of oppression. In " What is an Author? He begins by examining public torture and execution. He argues that the public spectacle of torture and execution was a theatrical forum, the original intentions of which eventually produced several unintended consequences. Foucault stresses the exactitude with which torture is carried out, and describes an extensive legal framework in which it operates to achieve specific purposes. Discipline and Punish describes public torture as a ceremony. It also made the body of the Discipline and Punish man the place where the vengeance of the sovereign was applied, the anchoring point for a manifestation of power, an opportunity of affirming the dissymmetry of forces. Foucault looks at public torture as the outcome "of a certain mechanism of power" that views crime in a military schema. Crime and rebellion are akin to a declaration of war. The sovereign was not concerned with demonstrating the ground for the enforcement of its laws, but of identifying enemies and attacking them, the power of which was renewed by the ritual of investigation and the ceremony of public torture. Some unintended consequences were:. Public torture and execution was a method the sovereign deployed to Discipline and Punish his or her power, and it did so through the ritual of investigation and the ceremony of execution—the reality and horror of which was supposed to express the omnipotence of the sovereign but actually revealed that the sovereign's power depended on the participation of the people. Torture was made public in order to create fear in the people, and to force them to participate in the method of control by agreeing with its verdicts. But problems arose in cases in which the people through their actions disagreed with the sovereign, Discipline and Punish heroizing the victim admiring the courage in facing death or in moving to physically free the criminal or to redistribute the effects of the strategically deployed power. Thus, he argues, the public execution was ultimately an ineffective use of the body, qualified as non-economical. As well, it was applied non-uniformly and haphazardly. Hence, its Discipline and Punish cost was too high. It was the antithesis of the more modern concerns of the state: order and generalization. So it had to be reformed to allow for greater stability of property for the bourgeoisie. Firstly, the switch to prison Discipline and Punish not immediate and sudden. There was a more graded change, though it ran its course rapidly. Prison was preceded by a different form of public spectacle. The theater of public torture gave way to public chain gangs. Punishment became "gentle", though not for humanitarian reasons, Foucault suggests. He argues that reformists were unhappy with the unpredictable, unevenly distributed Discipline and Punish of the violence the sovereign would inflict on the convict. The sovereign's right to punish was so disproportionate that it was ineffective and uncontrolled. Reformists felt the power to punish and judge should become more evenly distributed, the state's power must be a form of public power. This, according to Foucault, was of more concern to reformists than humanitarian arguments. Out of this movement towards generalized punishment, a thousand "mini-theatres" of punishment would have been created wherein the convicts' bodies would have been put on display in a more Discipline and Punish, controlled, and effective spectacle. Discipline and Punish would have been forced to do work that reflected their crime, thus repaying society for their infractions. This would have allowed the public to see the convicts' bodies enacting their punishment, and thus to reflect on the crime. But these experiments lasted less than twenty years. Foucault Discipline and Punish that this theory of "gentle" punishment represented the first step away from the excessive force of the sovereign, and towards more generalized and controlled means of punishment. But he suggests that the shift towards prison that followed was the result of a new "technology" and ontology for the body being developed in the 18th century, the "technology" of discipline, and the ontology of "man as machine. The emergence of prison as the form of punishment for every crime grew out of the development of discipline in the 18th and 19th centuries, according to Foucault. He looks at the development of highly refined forms of discipline, of discipline concerned Discipline and Punish the smallest and most precise aspects of a person's body. Discipline, he suggests, developed a new economy and politics for bodies. Modern institutions required that bodies must be individuated according to their tasks, as well as for training, observation, and control. Therefore, he argues, discipline created a whole new form of individuality for bodies, which enabled them to perform their duty within the new forms of economic, political, and military organizations emerging in the modern age and continuing to today. Discipline and Punish individuality that discipline constructs for the bodies it controls has four characteristics, namely it makes individuality which is:. Foucault suggests this individuality can be implemented in systems that are officially egalitarianbut use discipline to construct non-egalitarian power relations:. Foucault's argument is that discipline creates "docile bodies", ideal for the new economics, politics and warfare of the modern industrial age - bodies that function in factories, ordered military regiments, and school classrooms. But, to construct docile bodies the disciplinary institutions must be able to constantly observe and record the bodies they control and ensure the internalization of the disciplinary individuality within the bodies being controlled. That is, discipline must come Discipline and Punish without excessive force through careful observation, and molding of the bodies into the correct form through this observation. This requires a particular form of institution, exemplified, Foucault argues, by Jeremy Bentham 's panopticon. This architectural model, though it was never adopted by architects according to Bentham's exact blueprint, becomes an important conceptualization of power relations for prison reformers of the 19th century, and its general principle is a recurring theme in modern prison construction. The panopticon was the ultimate realization of a modern disciplinary institution. It allowed for constant observation characterized by an "unequal gaze"; the constant possibility of observation. Perhaps the most important feature of the panopticon was that it was specifically Discipline and Punish so that the prisoner could never be sure whether they were being observed at any moment. The unequal gaze caused the internalization of disciplinary individuality, and the docile body required of its inmates. This means one is Discipline and Punish likely to break rules or laws if they believe they are being watched, even if they are not. Thus, prisons, and specifically those that follow the model of the panopticon, provide the ideal form of modern punishment. Foucault argues that this is why the generalized, "gentle" punishment of public work gangs gave way to the prison. It was the ideal modernization of punishment, so its eventual dominance was natural. Having laid out the emergence of the prison as the dominant form of punishment, Foucault devotes the rest of the book to examining its precise form and function in Discipline and Punish, laying bare the reasons for its continued use, and questioning the assumed results of its use. In examining the construction of the prison Discipline and Punish the central means of criminal punishment, Foucault builds a case for the idea that prison became part of a larger "carceral system" that has become an all-encompassing sovereign institution in modern society. Prison is one part of a vast network, including schools, military institutions, hospitals, and factories, which build a panoptic society for its members. This system creates "disciplinary careers" [8] for those locked within its corridors. It is operated Discipline and Punish the scientific authority of medicine, psychology, and criminology. Moreover, it operates according to principles that ensure that it "cannot fail to produce delinquents. The structures Foucault chooses to use as his Discipline and Punish positions help highlight his conclusions. In particular, his Discipline and Punish as a perfect prison of the penal institution at Mettray helps personify the carceral system. Within it is included the Prison, the School, the Church, and the work-house industry - all of which feature heavily in his argument. The prisons at Neufchatel and Mettray were perfect examples for Foucault, because they, even in their original state, began to show the traits for which Foucault was searching. Moreover, they showed the body of knowledge being Discipline and Punish about the prisoners, the creation of the 'delinquent' class, and the disciplinary careers emerging. The historian Peter Gay described Discipline and Punish as the key text by Foucault that has influenced scholarship on the theory and practice of 19th century prisons. Though Gay wrote that Foucault "breathed fresh air into the history of penology and Discipline and Punish damaged, without wholly discrediting, traditional Whig optimism about the humanization of penitentiaries as one long success story", he nevertheless gave a negative assessment of Foucault's work, endorsing the critical view Discipline and Punish Gordon Wright in his book Between the Guillotine and Liberty: Two Centuries of the Crime Problem in France. Gay concluded that Foucault and his followers overstate the extent to which keeping "the masses quiet" motivates those Discipline and Punish power, thereby underestimating factors such as "contingency, complexity, the sheer anxiety or stupidity of power holders", or their authentic idealism. Towards the end, he sums up the main critiques that have been made. He states, "the major critical theme which emerges, and is independently made by many different critics, concerns Foucault's overestimation of the political dimension. Discipline and Punish consistently proposes an explanation in terms of power—sometimes in Discipline and Punish absence of any supporting evidence—where other historians would see a need for other factors and considerations to be brought into account. Another criticism leveled against Foucault's approach is that he often Discipline and Punish the discourse of "prisons" rather than their concrete practice; this is taken up by Fred Alford:. More precisely put, Foucault presents the utopian ideals of eighteenth-century prison reformers, most of which were never realized, as though they were the actual reforms of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. One can see this even in the pictures in Discipline and Punishmany of which are drawings for ideal prisons that were never built. One photograph is of the panopticon prison buildings at Stateville, but it is evidently an old photograph, one in which no inmates are evident. Nor are the blankets and cardboard that now enclose the cells. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Dewey Decimal. How Discipline and Punish read Foucault's discipline and punish. London: Pluto Press. Journal of Management and Governance, 13 3 The Bourgeois Experience Victoria to Freud. The Cultivation of Hatred. London: FontanaPress. Discipline and Punish After Twenty Years. Theory and Society. Michel Discipline and Punish. Authority control BNF : cbm data.