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Blood ^ Relations .S5 BLOOD ^ RELATIONS at« *-^ % ^m^ ^> 4F OYSTER PERPETUAL SUBMARINER DATE ARE FOR AN OFFICIAL ROLEX JEWELER CALL I -800-367-6539. ROLEX * OYSTER PERPETUAL AND SUBMARINER TRADEMARKS NEW YORK DAVID DOUBILET .Underwater photographer. Explorer. Artist. Marine naturalist and protector of the ocean habitat. Author of a dozen books on the sea. For 50 years, his passion has illuminated the hidden depths of the earth. \ ROLEX. ACROWN FOR EVERY ACHIEVEMENT. They'll remember this year forever Why not give them a gift that will last that long? THE 2008 UNITED STATES MINT SILVER PROOF SET" IS HERE — $44.95 No doubt someone in your life is celebrating something special this year. Mark the occasion with a timeless silver proof set, featuring great Americans in sharp detail. Seven coins are struck in 90% silver, and all are encased in special display lenses. These extraordinarily brilliant coins are a perfect way to commemorate a birthday or other milestone. It's a gift they'll appreciate for years to come. FOR GENUINE UNITED STATES MINT PRODUCTS, VISIT WWW.USMINT.GOV OR CALL 1.800. USA. MINT. GENUINELY WORTHWHILE ) UNITED STATES MINT ©2008 United States Mint r .i\ i www.naturamistorymaq.com NOVEMBER 2008 VOLUME 117 NUMBER 9 FE ATU R ES COVER STORY 22 THE CURIOUS, BLOODY LIVES OF VAMPIRE BATS Some of the most highly specialized mammals on the planet have adapted in fascinating ways to a blood diet. BY BILL SCHUTT 28 ICE ON THE EDGE The fate of West Antarctica's ice shelves may determine how far sea level rises around the world. BY ROBERT BINDSCHAOLER DEPARTMENTS 4 THE NATURAL MOMENT 36 THIS LAND A Study in Salmon Top of the Gunl<s Photograph by Sergey Gorshkov Howard R. Feldman and John Thompson 8 nature.net 40 BOOKSHELF Northern Exposure Laurence A. Marschail Robert Anderson 44 SKYLOG 8 WORD EXCHANGE Joe Rao 10 SAMPLINGS 52 AT THE MUSEUM Neva's from Nature 56 ENDPAPER 16 MEDICAL EXAMINER A Mini Seto Sea Deatti Beds Alexandre Meinesz Dnjin Burch 20 INSTALLATIONS Return of the Knight Joyce Cloughly and Ian Tattersall ON THE cover: Composite image of white-winged vampire bats ('Diaemus youngij in flight PHOTOGRAPHS BY SCOTT ALTENBACH ^Se^~T -.^-^i^^ ^- '-V%^r^ • ( '^^im^ Z' f f^ ^r- ^' gi?r>- 3 -i '*. ,/-,,.% is^ ^^^^ .'- 1. *^. --*^ -y ,< K^'"*^ T'"/*-^-^-^ '*'% / • I ; w- r^:^' i. V **.". / „fV..„.a^' ^^3»-— ,:S ^Si*^ .--"i^ .i... ; November 2008 Travel with Our ^ See preceding two pages Experts to Africa's THE NATURAL EXPLANATION BY ERIN ESPELIE »i*iiii^j|] ons Every bear has its own way of fish- ing. So says photographer Sergey Gorshkov, who has spent hundreds of hours over the course of tour years observing bro\vn bears on the Kamchatka Peninsula, in eastern Russia. For instance, the sohtary bear pictured at right fancied a fish's-eye- view to nab sahnon.The mother bear pictured on the preceding two pages preferred pouncing from the rocks while her cub observed her tech- nique from the shore. The Kamchatka brown bear—one among many subspecies of Ursm arc- ros, including the grizzly and the Ko- diak bear—depends upon salmon to Manuel Mollinedo is a former director fuel hibernation. Bears hunker down of the Los Angeles Zoo and the San for the winter only when they've Francisco Zoo, a Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund gorged enough to survive the six- Trustee member and holds a B.S. degree month fast. And even though mating of all Kamchatka bear cubs die in in physical anthropology. A photographer Half starva- and trekking enthusiast, he has traveled occurs in May or June, the start ot their first year, usually of extensively in Africa, the Americas, pregnancy is delayed until October or tion. Even adults weighing as much Australia, Europe and Southeast Asia. November; the female's body gauges as three-quarters of a ton struggle to Join Manuel on a ten day private air safari its fat stores before allowing her fer- find enough to eat. Yet Asia's biggest to Botsv\^ana, Zambia and South Africa tilized eggs to implant—the ultimate sockeye salmon spawning ground is startingjuly25, 2009. in planned parenthood. Kuril Lake, in Kamchatka, and one- A mother, along with two or quarter of all wild Pacific salmon Botswana, Zambia three newborn cubs, will usually hatch in the Peninsula's watenvays. and South Africa emerge in April, ravenous. For the Why should there be a shortage? first few months, the family is al- For starters, illegal fishing robs July 25 -August 3, 2009 the bears of about 100,000 tons of September 18 -27, 2009 most exclusively vegetarian. When the salmon start spawning in June, salmon every year. That may begin to The Congo Basin, Gabon however, a fishing frenzy ensues. account for an incident that occurred The cubs begin to learn by watch- late last July: a roving pack ot thirty Island and Sao Tome ing. They need two or three years or so hungry bears killed and ate two Junel -13,2009 of tutelage to become indepen- ininers in Kamchatka, prompting a - October 28 November 9, 2009 dent, since hunting takes a great shutdown of the mine for several days deal of practice. (Unless, of course, for fear of further attacks. With fewer Rwanda and Tanzania by "hunting" you mean paying a salmon to stalk and an encroaching August 11 -22,2009 guide to help you shoot a trophy human population, a new kind ot August 15 -26, 2009 bear—the fate last year of about 900 hunting lesson may be in store tor the of Kamchatka's 12,000 bears.) next generation of cubs. To learn more about these one-of-a-kind expeditions, visit: Sergey Gorshkov used to hunt Kamchatka brown bears, www.bushtracks.com/naturalhistory but now only tracks them through the sight scope of salmon-hunting bears is an Or call 1-800-995-8689 a camera. "Photographing inexpressibly more beautiful and difficult task than killing a beast," he says. One of Gorshkov's bear pho- tos garnered him a Shell Wildlife Photographer of the Year award in 2007. Visit www.gorshkov-photo.com for more information. CC^USHTRACKS, NATURAL HISTORY November 2008 P E D I T I O N S Your Journey Begins 18,000 Years Ago AT THE MASHANTUCKET PEQUOT MUSEUM The world's largest, award-winning Native Annerican nnuseunn, located in beautiful southeastern Connecticut. Life-size 16tli c. Indian village MASHANTUCKET 4 acres of interactive exhibits PEQUOT 18-story observation tower MUSEUM Souvenir gift shop & RESEARCH CENTER Unique restaurant 1 1 Pequot Trail, Mashantucket, CT 06338 800-411-9671 . 1-95, Exit 92 www.peqiiotmuseum.org O Smithsonian Affiliate "^* AAA . WORD EXCHANGE nature.net by robert anderson NORTHERN EXPOSURE mm ViTTORio Maestro Editor in Chief Steven R. Black Art Director Erin Espelie Executive Editor Senior Editors TALES OF ARCTIC EXPLORATION have Rebecca Kessler, Dolly Setton always fascinated me, so I was intrigued Melisa Beveridge Assistant Art Director wlien I heard British adventurer Lewis All Due Credit Annie Gotdieb Copy Chief Pugh was attempting to l<ayak from The credit line for the image of Graciela Floras Editor-at-Large Spitsbergen, Norway, to the North Pole. a schistosome that appeared on Florence Brauner Volunteer Until recently, the thought that such a Joe Sharkey Art Intern journey might be possible—through open the cover of the June 2008 issue, Contributing Editors seas—would have been ridiculed. In a shown above, should have credited Robert Anderson, Olivia Judson, Avis Lang, pre-expedition BBC video (news.bbc. of the microscopic preparation Charles Liu, Laurence A. Marschall, Richard Milner, co.ul</1/hi/sci/tech/7588377.stm), Pugh specimen to Ezequiel R. Rivera Robert H. Mohlenbrock, Joe Rao, Stephan Reebs. explained his hope was to bring attention A. Rice, Adam Summers, Neil deGrasse Tyson the University of Massachusetts Judy to the rapidity with which the Arctic is of warming. Although he made it farther north Lov/ell. Chartes E. Harris Publisher than any previous kayaker, he fell about The Pompeiian wall painting in Edgar L. Harrison Advertising Director 500 miles short of his goal, blocked by sea "I, Cleopatra" [10/08, page 46] is Maria Volpe Promotion Director ice. For once, an adventurer was happy to from Scala/Art Resource, NY. SoniaW. Paratore National Advertising Manager be thwarted. (Search for expedition journal Adam Cohen ^4rfi'frfi5iH,^ Manager at polardefenseproject.org/blog/.) For my Natural History welcomes correspon- Meredith Miller Production Manager guide to Web sites on the shrinking Arctic Lydia Bell Manager, Publisliing Services dence from readers. Letters shontd be sent via ice pack and the consequent environmental For advertising information e-inail to [email protected] or effects, please visit the magazine online call 646-356-6508 (www.naturalhistorymag.com). byfax to 646-356-6511. All letters should Advcriiiitig Sates Representatives include a daytime telephone number, and all ROBERT ANDERSON is a freelance science writer Detroit—BzvTon Media Sales, LLC, 313-268-3996 who lives in Los Angeles. letters may be editedfor length and clarity. Chicago—Koh^n Purdy &' Associates. 312-726-7800 West Coast—On Course Media Sales, 310-710-7414; Peter Scott & AssociaCes. 415-421-7950 ToroHW—American Publishers Representatives Ltd., 416-363-1388 Hold the whole world in your hand with. Atlanta and Miami—Rickles and Co., 770-664-4567 S.7»f/(.4»ieriM—Netcorp Media. Ltd., 51-1-222-8038 jomirascope National Direct Response—Smyth Media Group. 9 14-693-8700 ^*^ Market Classijied—Media Options. 800-442-6441 8 X 20 monocular from us only $59^'* why pay more? Todd Happer Vice President, Science Education *But read this ad for an even better deal Educational Advisory Board Jomirascope is so small that it fits unobtrusively in a David Chesebrough COSI Columbus The optics jomirascope Ratcliffe Natural History Museum the Adirondack man's coat pocket or a lady's purse.
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