DOCSLIB.ORG

(Pauxi [Unicornis] Koepckeae): Evidence for Species Rank

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Pauxi [Unicornis] Koepckeae): Evidence for Species Rank ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL 22: 267–279, 2011 © The Neotropical Ornithological Society DISTINCTIVE MORPHOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND FIRST VOCAL DESCRIPTIONS OF SIRA CURASSOW (PAUXI [UNICORNIS] KOEPCKEAE): EVIDENCE FOR SPECIES RANK Melvin Gastañaga Corvacho1, Ross MacLeod1,2, Daniel M. Brooks3, & Bennett Hennessey1 1Asociacíon Armonia - BirdLife Bolivia, Ave. Lomas de Arena 400, Casilla 3566, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. 2Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK. 3Houston Museum of Natural Science, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, 1 Hermann Circle Dr., Houston, Texas 77030-1799, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Resumen. – Morfología, ecología y descripciones de las primeras vocalizaciones del Paujíl del Sira (Pauxi [unicornis] koepckeae): evidencia para una especie separada. – Aquí se reportan las primeras observaciones en el campo de las vocalizaciones, comportamiento y ecología de Pauxi unicor- nis koepckeae, se hacen comparaciones de especímenes de museos y datos de campo de la forma nominativa P. u. unicornis. En base a las diferencias entre estas poblaciones alopátricas se sugiere que estas dos formas distintas son especies separadas. En P. koepckeae la protuberancia frontal es más corta, el diámetro y la forma son más pequeños, y en la cola las puntas de las rectrices centrales care- cen de coloración blanca. Se describen por primera vez detalles de las vocalizaciones de P. koepckeae. Estas se diferencian de las vocalizaciones de P. unicornis en que P. koepckeae tiene cantos de corta duración, pocas frases, pocas notas y carece de la nota alta final distintiva que caracteriza a P. unicornis, y el llamado de alarma está acompañado por el movimiento horizontal de la cola (a diferencia del movimiento vertical de P. unicornis). La temporada alta de canto, y por consecuencia probablemente la época reproductiva, de las dos taxas se diferencian en varios meses, siendo la temporada alta de canto de P. koepckeae a finales de la época de lluvias y la temporada alta de canto de P. unicornis al principio de la época de lluvias. La población aislada de P. koepckeae es endémica de los Cerros de El Sira y está separada por más de 1000 km de la forma boliviana. Las dos taxas se encuentran en difer- entes hábitats, siendo P. koepckeae residente de bosque nublado entre 1100–1435 m s.n.m., y P. unicornis reside en bosque húmedo y bosque montano bajo entre 400–1100 m s.n.m.. Se presentan detalles adicionales de la ecología de P. koepckeae incluyendo abundancia con estimaciones promedio de < 1 individuo/km2, y un máximo de 8.3 machos vocalizando/km2 en una posible situación de lek disperso. Es muy probable que el estado de conservación de P. koepckeae sea Críticamente Amenazado por su distribución geográfica muy pequeña (< 30 km2 actualmente conocida). La principal amenaza de P. koepckeae es la cacería local. Abstract. – We report the first field observations of vocalizations, behavior and ecology of Pauxi unicor- nis koepckeae, and compare museum specimens and field data to the nominate Bolivian form P. u . u n i- cornis. On the basis of the differences between these allopatric populations we suggest that these two distinct forms are separate species. Casque length is shorter, and diameter and shape smaller in P. koepckeae, and the tail lacks white markings on the tip of the central rectrices in P. koepckeae. Details of the vocal signature and alarm call are described for the first time for P. koepckeae. These contrast with P. unicornis in that P. koepckeae has much shorter song duration and fewer phrases, fewer notes, lacks the 267 GASTAÑAGA ET AL. distinctive final loud note characterizing P. unicornis, and the alarm call is accompanied by horizontal tail fanning (versus vertical tail pumping in P. unicornis). The peak singing period, and therefore probably the breeding seasons, of the two taxa differ in timing by several months, with P. koepckeae song activity peaking towards the end of the wet season and P. unicornis peaking at the start of the wet season. The isolated P. koepckeae population is endemic to Peru’s Sira Mountains and is separated by more than 1000 km from the Bolivian form. The two taxa are found in different habitats, with P. koepckeae resident in cloud forest at 1100–1435 m a.s.l., and P. unicornis resident in humid and lower montane forest at 400–1100 m a.s.l. Additional detailed findings on P. koepckeae ecology are presented, including abun- dance with average estimates of < 1 individual/km2, and a peak of 8.3 vocalizing males/km2 in a potential exploded lek situation. Conservation status of P. koepckeae is quite likely Critically Endangered in light of the very small geographic distribution (< 30 km2 currently accounted for). The main threat to P. koep- ckeae is local hunting. Accepted 20 April 2011. Key words: Cerros del Sira, cracid ecology, endemic avifauna, Horned Curassow, Helmeted Curassow, Pauxi unicornis, Pauxi pauxi. INTRODUCTION occurs in Peru other than in the Sira Moun- tains (Gastañaga & Hennessey 2005). Pauxi unicornis koepckeae was first recorded in Efforts to rediscover P. u. koepckeae have 1969 in the Sira Mountains, Huanuco, central resulted in six expeditions to the Sira Moun- Peru, based on collected specimens never tains since 2000, with only the latter half of observed in nature by the scientists who the trips being successful in finding the form described it (Weske & Terborgh 1971). Both in nature. Searches for the curassow during an P. u. koepckeae and the nominate race of extensive ornithological expedition in 2000 Horned Curassow (P. u. unicornis; found in proved unsuccessful (Mee et al. 2002). In the central Bolivia) differ from the only other fall of 2003, Asociación Armonía initiated a member of the genus, Helmeted Curassow (P. conservation project targeting this curassow, pauxi; found in northern Columbia and completing a local information survey in Peru Venezuela), in plumage and other characteris- (Gastañaga & Hennessey 2005, Hennessey tics (Weske & Terborgh 1971). P. pauxi has 2005). MGC traveled to the El Sira Commu- a more bulbous, thicker, and larger casque nal Reserve (within the Sira Mountains) to and lacks the well developed low crest of seek local information on the P. u. koepckeae curled, shiny black feathers found in both population. Twenty-five local indigenous peo- other populations. P. u. koepckeae differs from ple around the isolated Sira Mountains P. u. unicornis in that it has an ellipsoidal described the first detailed records of P. u. casque inclined posteriorly instead of an koepckeae in the country for 34 years with erect cone-shaped casque. P. u. koepckeae also some people reporting that they had hunted has less white at the tip of the tail than either the species recently, but there were no P. u. unicornis or P. pauxi (Weske & Terborgh encounters with a living bird. MGC returned 1971). with RM in October 2004 to search for the It is now believed that a report of a poten- curassow, but again found none despite two tial sighting of a Pauxi in southeast Peru (Fos- months of fieldwork. ter et al. 1994 & reported in Collar et al. 1992) In March 2005, MGC conducted a brief was not regarded as even a probable record education project with four local communi- by the original observer, T. Parker (Gastañaga ties in the area of the El Sira Communal & Hennessey 2005). There is thus no reliable Reserve where the curassow had been evidence that any member of the Pauxi genus reported. During this trip she investigated a 268 SIRA CURASSOW STATUS reported hunting site and saw the curassow ern slope (9º27S; 74º34’W; Graham 2009). alive in nature, and heard three more individu- Fieldwork for our study took place in the als vocalizing (Gastañaga 2006, Gastañaga et Quimpichari area and at two additional areas al. 2007). This represented the first time the known as Golondrina and Casa Real. species was observed in Peru by a scientist, and the first scientific record of the species Distinguishing forms. Field and museum data, existence since its initial discovery in 1969 including morphology, observations, and (Gastañaga 2006, Gastañaga et al. 2007). In video recordings, collected for P. u. koepckeae October 2005, MGC returned to the site, (Gastañaga 2006, Gastañaga et al. 2007, encountering two individuals and recording MacLeod et al. 2006; DMB, MGC, & RM one on video, providing the first physical evi- unpubl. data) were compared to similar data dence of the continued existence of the popu- collected for P. u. unicornis (Gúzman et al. lation for 36 years (Gastañaga et al. 2007). 1999, MacLeod & Duguid 2000, MacLeod et Here we provide information about P. u. al. 2005, 2006). Detailed methods are pro- koepckeae based on the first field observations vided in the respective publications, and of their appearance, vocalizations, and behav- below for the previously unpublished data. ior. We compare these to observational and acoustical information from the nominate Museum data. Only adult males were compared Bolivian endemic P. u. unicornis in nature, and to standardize measurements and compensate compare the few museum specimens of all for a lack of female specimens. While sample three congeners. With the availability of new sizes were adequate for P. pauxi (N = 6), only information, it is important to re-evaluate tax- two samples were available for each of the onomic classification. Given the geographic other two taxa, and one of the P. u. unicornis separation of the two taxa, we examine specimens was a captive individual as no oth- whether these two populations should be clas- ers were available despite queries to major sified as separate species. Additionally we dis- museums throughout the world. All measure- cuss the conservation status of both the P. u. ments were taken with vernier calipers (± 1 koepckeae and P.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Docket No. FWS–HQ–ES–2019–0009; FF09E21000 FXES11190900000 167]
    This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 10/10/2019 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2019-21478, and on govinfo.gov DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 [Docket No. FWS–HQ–ES–2019–0009; FF09E21000 FXES11190900000 167] Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Review of Domestic and Foreign Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notification of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice of review. SUMMARY: In this candidate notice of review (CNOR), we, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), present an updated list of plant and animal species that we regard as candidates for or have proposed for addition to the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. Identification of candidate species can assist environmental planning efforts by providing advance notice of potential listings, and by allowing landowners and resource managers to alleviate threats and thereby possibly remove the need to list species as endangered or threatened. Even if we subsequently list a candidate species, the early notice provided here could result in more options for species management and recovery by prompting earlier candidate conservation measures to alleviate threats to the species. This document also includes our findings on resubmitted petitions and describes our 1 progress in revising the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants (Lists) during the period October 1, 2016, through September 30, 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • TRAFFIC Bird’S-Eye View: REPORT Lessons from 50 Years of Bird Trade Regulation & Conservation in Amazon Countries
    TRAFFIC Bird’s-eye view: REPORT Lessons from 50 years of bird trade regulation & conservation in Amazon countries DECEMBER 2018 Bernardo Ortiz-von Halle About the author and this study: Bernardo Ortiz-von Halle, a biologist and TRAFFIC REPORT zoologist from the Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, has more than 30 years of experience in numerous aspects of conservation and its links to development. His decades of work for IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature and TRAFFIC TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring in South America have allowed him to network, is a leading non-governmental organization working globally on trade acquire a unique outlook on the mechanisms, in wild animals and plants in the context institutions, stakeholders and challenges facing of both biodiversity conservation and the conservation and sustainable use of species sustainable development. and ecosystems. Developing a critical perspective The views of the authors expressed in this of what works and what doesn’t to achieve lasting conservation goals, publication do not necessarily reflect those Bernardo has put this expertise within an historic framework to interpret of TRAFFIC, WWF, or IUCN. the outcomes of different wildlife policies and actions in South America, Reproduction of material appearing in offering guidance towards solutions that require new ways of looking at this report requires written permission wildlife trade-related problems. Always framing analysis and interpretation from the publisher. in the midst of the socioeconomic and political frameworks of each South The designations of geographical entities in American country and in the region as a whole, this work puts forward this publication, and the presentation of the conclusions and possible solutions to bird trade-related issues that are material, do not imply the expression of any linked to global dynamics, especially those related to wildlife trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Tanya Sanerib (DC Bar No
    Case 4:21-cv-00251-RCC Document 1 Filed 06/23/21 Page 1 of 20 1 Sarah Uhlemann (DC Bar No. 501328)* Tanya Sanerib (DC Bar No. 473506)* 2 Center for Biological Diversity 3 2400 NW 80th Street, #146 Seattle, WA 98117 4 Phone: (206) 327-2344 5 (206) 379-7363 Email: [email protected] 6 [email protected] *Pro Hac Vice Admission Pending 7 8 Attorneys for Plaintiff Center for Biological Diversity 9 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 10 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA 11 TUCSON DIVISION 12 13 Center for Biological Diversity, 14 Plaintiff, Case No. 15 v. 16 COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF 17 Debra Haaland, in her official capacity 18 as Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Interior, 19 Defendants. 20 21 INTRODUCTION 22 1. Plaintiff Center for Biological Diversity challenges the failure of the U.S. 23 Fish and Wildlife Service and the Secretary of the Interior Debra Haaland (collectively 24 “the Service” or “Defendants”) to make required, 12-month findings as to whether seven 25 foreign wildlife species “warrant” listing under the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”). 26 These species have been on the Service’s “candidate” list awaiting ESA protections for 27 28 1 Case 4:21-cv-00251-RCC Document 1 Filed 06/23/21 Page 2 of 20 1 decades, even though the Service has acknowledged that each qualifies for full ESA 2 listing. 3 2. The Okinawa woodpecker, Kaiser-i-hind swallowtail, Jamaican kite 4 swallowtail, black-backed tanager, Harris’ mimic swallowtail, fluminense swallowtail, 5 and the southern helmeted curassow are each in danger of or threatened with extinction.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 81, No. 200/Monday, October 17, 2016
    Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 200 / Monday, October 17, 2016 / Proposed Rules 71457 for the relevant maintenance period in attainment of the 2008 ozone NAAQS Technology Transfer and Advancement with mobile source emissions at the through 2030. Finally, EPA finds Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because levels of the MVEBs. adequate and is proposing to approve application of those requirements would the newly-established 2020 and 2030 be inconsistent with the CAA; and C. What is a safety margin? MVEBs for the Cleveland area. • Does not provide EPA with the A ‘‘safety margin’’ is the difference discretionary authority to address, as VII. Statutory and Executive Order between the attainment level of appropriate, disproportionate human Reviews emissions (from all sources) and the health or environmental effects, using projected level of emissions (from all Under the CAA, redesignation of an practicable and legally permissible sources) in the maintenance plan. As area to attainment and the methods, under Executive Order 12898 noted in Table 11, the emissions in the accompanying approval of a (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994). Cleveland area are projected to have maintenance plan under section In addition, the SIP is not approved safety margins of 117.22 TPSD for NOX 107(d)(3)(E) are actions that affect the to apply on any Indian reservation land and 28.48 TPSD for VOC in 2030 (the status of a geographical area and do not or in any other area where EPA or an total net change between the attainment impose any additional regulatory Indian tribe has demonstrated that a year, 2014, emissions and the projected requirements on sources beyond those tribe has jurisdiction.
    [Show full text]
  • Endangered Species Hatches for First Time in 4 Years at White Oak by Michael Stone
    Endangered Species Hatches for First Time in 4 Years at White Oak By Michael Stone A northern helmeted curassow chick hatched on July 23 at White Oak Conservation, marking the first time the endangered species has produced offspring at the center since 2009. “We’ve been patiently waiting for the male to do his job, and he finally did it,” bird specialist Andrew Schumann said. The fertile egg was laid about two weeks before it hatched. It was artificially incubated in a temperature-controlled setting and closely monitored to increase the chances of the chick hatching. During that time, the mom tended to a “dummy” egg, which was replaced with the real one right before it hatched. Helmeted chicks emerge from the shell “precocial,” meaning they’re already fairly developed. But the mom will still tend to her child in some ways, like with feeding, Schumann said. The chick hatched at 108 grams. As newborns, the species loses weight for the first few days but soon begins to increase its body mass by about 5 percent daily. Such rapid growth is common among bird species so they’ll be self-sufficient in the wild quicker, and animal specialists at White Oak often remark at how noticeably fast chick grow. At roughly 50, the captive U.S. population of helmeted curassows is fairly healthy, Schumann said, but having this chick hatch is nonetheless “exciting because it’s still an endangered species.” Only two helmeted chicks have ever hatched at White Oak—both in 2009 from the same mom as this year’s chick.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 86, No. 150/Monday, August 9, 2021
    43470 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 150 / Monday, August 9, 2021 / Proposed Rules How can I get copies of the proposed digital television service, including Federal Communications Commission. action and other related information? propagation characteristics that allow Thomas Horan, EPA has established a docket for this undesired signals and noise to be Chief of Staff, Media Bureau. receivable at relatively far distances and action under Docket ID No. EPA–HQ– Proposed Rule OAR–2021–0208. EPA has also nearby electrical devices to cause developed a website for this proposal, interference. According to the For the reasons discussed in the which is available at https:// Petitioner, it has received numerous preamble, the Federal Communications www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions- complaints of poor or no reception from Commission proposes to amend 47 CFR vehicles-and-engines/proposed-rule- viewers, and explains the importance of part 73 as follows: revise-existing-national-ghg-emissions. a strong over-the-air signal in the Portland area during emergencies, PART 73—RADIO BROADCAST Please refer to the notice of proposed SERVICES rulemaking for detailed information on when, it states, cable and satellite accessing information related to the service may go out of operation. Finally, ■ 1. The authority citation for part 73 proposal. the Petitioner demonstrated that the continues to read as follows: channel 21 noise limited contour would Dated: July 29, 2021. fully encompass the existing channel 12 Authority: 47 U.S.C. 154, 155, 301, 303, William Charmley, contour, and an analysis using the 307, 309, 310, 334, 336, 339. Director, Assessment and Standards Division, Commission’s TVStudy software ■ 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2007 AMERICAN BIRD CONSERVANCY from the Chairman and the President
    Annual Report 2007 AMERICAN BIRD CONSERVANCY From the Chairman and the President In the Catbird Seat Gray Catbird: Greg Lavaty member recently mentioned that he thought the threats to birds and what is being done to overcome American Bird Conservancy is “in the catbird them. Please have a look at BNN on ABC’s website, seat.” This saying, popularized by the writer, www.abcbirds.org—we guarantee you’ll enjoy it. AJames Thurber, is generally used to mean one is in a high, prominent, and advantageous position, and so we were Your support is fundamental to our success, and it has flattered by the compliment. In nature, though, it is more increased exponentially through your support of ABC’s often the mockingbird that sits high and visible for all to American Birds Campaign, a drive based on measurable see, while the catbird makes a big stir but remains hidden conservation outcomes. We are pleased to report, at deep in the bushes. Maybe this is even truer of ABC— the campaign’s halfway point, that we are well past our always effective but not always seen! expectations in protecting birds and their habitats! Thank you for being on our team! Recently the New York Times Magazine described ABC as “a smaller, feistier group.” We are proud of being small, But despite what we have already achieved with your nimble, and at the same time feisty in the defense of birds help, ABC is just getting started. This year promises to and their habitats, and that’s why we chose neither the be ABC’s best in expanding reserves for rare species.
    [Show full text]
  • Some New Information on the Distribution of Venezuelan Birds
    Some new information on the distribution of Venezuelan birds Peter Boesman Como resultado de la observación de aves en el campo durante los ultimos 10 años, se presenta un resumen de nuevos datos de distribución de aves en Venezuela. Los datos están organizados por area (20 en total), la mayoria de las areas son poco conocidas. Las observaciones de mayor importancia se detallan en ‘appendix 1’. En Falcón, la Serranía de San Luis tiene muchas más especies tipicas de las alturas sub-tropicales de la Cordillera de la Costa que previamente conocido, las serranias en el noreste de Falcón, de alturas bajas, tienen una avifauna abundante de especies de selva tropical, y areas de agua dulce en esta misma parte de Falcón y el norte de Carabobo son un refugio para muchas especies acuaticas poco conocidas. Los Andes en Lara y Trujillo no han sido estudiados tan profundamente como en Mérida, y por consecuencia se han descubierto importantes extensiones en la distribución de varias especies. En Mérida, se documenta indicaciones de una ruta migratoria muy importante a través del Valle del Río Santo Domingo. Las alturas bajas del Parque Nacional Tamá en Táchira (en el valle de los ríos Frio y Negro) y las areas adjacentes en Apure merecen mayor investigación en vista de algunas observaciones sorprendentes. Igualmente, los descubrimientos en islas del Río Orinoco fueron inesperados. La selva del Río Caura en el norte de Bolívar alberga especies previamente conocidas solamente del estado de Amazonas, y la región del Río Grande en el noreste de Bolívar tiene una avifauna tipicamente Guyanesa.
    [Show full text]
  • Loro Parque Fundación
    News Highlights • News Highlights • News Highlights • News Highlights • News Highlights • News Highlights Loro Parque Table 1. Gross exports of live wild-caught African Grey Parrots Exporting 2005 2006 2007 2008 Fundación countries Recent trade, capture of wild A B A B A B A B African Grey Parrots Range countries 16 48,456 10 17,110 12 6,422 11 10,390 of Africa In recent decades a high level of capture African countries 9 246 6 215 7 944 5 105 and legal trade in wild African Grey Parrots out of range (Psittacus erithacus) has occurred. A major Middle Eastern 10 983 8 53 3 9 4 768 exporting country has been Cameroon, countries with offi cial statistics from 1981 to 2005 Asian countries 2 118 2 3,177 2 1,065 1 537 showing that it exported 367,166 individu- All other countries 18 794 12 61 12 33 8 15 als, with a yearly average of 15,299. Totals 55 50,597 38 20,616 36 8,473 29 11,815 From 1990 to 1996, it exported 48 per- A = number of countries, B = number of specimens Note: All countries not within the natural geographical range of the species re-exported the specimens. cent of the African Grey Parrots of all coun- tries in Africa. From 1993 to 2006, the offi - Table 2. Gross exports of live wild-caught African Grey Parrots cial CITES (Convention on International Exporting 2005 2006 2007 2008 Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and countries Flora) annual export quota for this species A B A B A B A B from Cameroon had remained 12,000.
    [Show full text]
  • WILDLIFE in a CHANGING WORLD an Analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
    WILDLIFE IN A CHANGING WORLD An analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ Edited by Jean-Christophe Vié, Craig Hilton-Taylor and Simon N. Stuart coberta.indd 1 07/07/2009 9:02:47 WILDLIFE IN A CHANGING WORLD An analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ first_pages.indd I 13/07/2009 11:27:01 first_pages.indd II 13/07/2009 11:27:07 WILDLIFE IN A CHANGING WORLD An analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ Edited by Jean-Christophe Vié, Craig Hilton-Taylor and Simon N. Stuart first_pages.indd III 13/07/2009 11:27:07 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily refl ect those of IUCN. This publication has been made possible in part by funding from the French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Red List logo: © 2008 Copyright: © 2009 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Vié, J.-C., Hilton-Taylor, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Observations on the Purple-Throated Fruitcrow in Guyana
    OBSERVATIONS ON THE PURPLE-THROATED FRUITCROW IN GUYANA D.W. Snow The Purple-throated Fruitcrow (Querula purpurata) belongs to one of the many monotypic and isolated genera included in the diverse family Cotingidae. About the size of a jay, it has short legs and long, broad wings which, when folded, reach nearly to the end of the tail. A steel-gray beak, widest at the base and hooked at the tip, gives the broad head an almost trogon-like appearance. The plumage is entirely black, except that the male has a triangular throat-patch of glossy crimson feathers of modified structure (Strong 1952). The throat-patch is spread and fanned out laterally by the male in display, and the same feathers, though black and less conspicuous, are spread by the female also. Although this species is widely distributed and, in some places, quite common from Costa Rica south through the tropical forest areas of South America, no detailed observations appear to have been made. Most observers have noted that it goes about in small flocks: Slud (1964) refers to groups usually of from three to several individuals in Costa Rica; Chapman (1929) reported parties of from six to eight birds in Panama; and Olivares (1958) mentions bands of from four to six birds in Colombia. The records also show that its food consists of fruits and large insects, typically plucked or picked from the vegetation in flight. Two ornithologists have found nests. Ellis (1952) reported a male and female cooperating in building a nest about 75 feet up in a tree at the edge of a clearing on Barro Colorado Island, Panama.
    [Show full text]
  • BIRDS of BOLIVIA UPDATED SPECIES LIST (Version 03 June 2020) Compiled By: Sebastian K
    BIRDS OF BOLIVIA UPDATED SPECIES LIST (Version 03 June 2020) https://birdsofbolivia.org/ Compiled by: Sebastian K. Herzog, Scientific Director, Asociación Armonía ([email protected]) Status codes: R = residents known/expected to breed in Bolivia (includes partial migrants); (e) = endemic; NB = migrants not known or expected to breed in Bolivia; V = vagrants; H = hypothetical (observations not supported by tangible evidence); EX = extinct/extirpated; IN = introduced SACC = South American Classification Committee (http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm) Background shading = Scientific and English names that have changed since Birds of Bolivia (2016, 2019) publication and thus differ from names used in the field guide BoB Synonyms, alternative common names, taxonomic ORDER / FAMILY # Status Scientific name SACC English name SACC plate # comments, and other notes RHEIFORMES RHEIDAE 1 R 5 Rhea americana Greater Rhea 2 R 5 Rhea pennata Lesser Rhea Rhea tarapacensis , Puna Rhea (BirdLife International) TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE 3 R 1 Nothocercus nigrocapillus Hooded Tinamou 4 R 1 Tinamus tao Gray Tinamou 5 H, R 1 Tinamus osgoodi Black Tinamou 6 R 1 Tinamus major Great Tinamou 7 R 1 Tinamus guttatus White-throated Tinamou 8 R 1 Crypturellus cinereus Cinereous Tinamou 9 R 2 Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou 10 R 2 Crypturellus obsoletus Brown Tinamou 11 R 1 Crypturellus undulatus Undulated Tinamou 12 R 2 Crypturellus strigulosus Brazilian Tinamou 13 R 1 Crypturellus atrocapillus Black-capped Tinamou 14 R 2 Crypturellus variegatus
    [Show full text]