DOCSLIB.ORG

Key Facts About the Rise and Fall of the Weimar Republic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Key Facts About the Rise and Fall of the Weimar Republic 1 Key Facts about the Rise and Fall of the Weimar Republic The German Revolution: The events in 1918, Proportional Representation: The voting starting with the Kiel Mutiny, which saw the system used in Weimar Germany which Kaiser abdicate and democratic political parties guaranteed that all Weimar governments would take control of Germany. be coalitions and thus unstable. Social Democrats/ Social Democratic Party/ The Treaty of Versailles: Reluctantly signed SPD: The biggest party in Germany before the by Weimar government in June 1919, Germany rise of the Nazi which took over when the Kaiser had to accept War Guilt, agree to pay abdicated (stepped down).It was left wing but not reparations, have a much reduced army and extreme and had middle class as well as working navy, no air-force and cede a massive amount class supporters of land, including the Polish corridor. Friedrich Ebert: The leader of the Social Stabbed-in-the-Back Myth: The idea put Democratic Party in 1918, he was the first forward by right-wing nationalists that the President of what became known as the Weimar German army was defeated in the war by Republic. He died in 1925 and was replaced by communists in Jews causing trouble in Hindenburg. Germany rather than by the Allies, making the new government ‘the November Criminals’. The Reichstag: Germany’s parliament which Reparations: The money Germany had to pay was based in Berlin. It has existed before the to France and Belgium as compensation for the Revolution but mainly as a place where the damage caused by the First World War; the Kaiser’s policies were discussed. It had no power amount was finally set in April 1921 by the but its existence made it easier for the SPD to League of Nations - £6.6 billion to be paid in 66 take control events during the revolution of 1918. equal annual instalments. The Spartacus Revolt: The failed Communist The German Workers Party (DAP): A tiny rising against parliamentary democracy in extreme right wing nationalist party started by January 1919, led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Anton Drexler which attracted Adolf Hitler to join in 1919. Soon he took control and changed Liebknecht. They wanted the Soviet system its name to the NSDAP - the Nazis adopted in Russia after the 1917 Revolution. The Freikorps: The volunteer right-wing militia, The 25 Point Programme: The Nazis political full of communist hating ex-soldiers which Ebert programme, which was a mixture of anti- used to crush the Spartacus Rising. When the semitism, nationalism and socialism. Behind it government tried to disband this force, it was the assumption that the Nazis would take supported Kapp in the Kapp Putsch in 1920. power using violence not votes. The Weimar Constitution. The agreed list of The SA: Aka the Brownshirts or Storm rules by which Weimar Germany would be run. Troopers - the Nazis private militia made up Individual freedoms were guaranteed as was the mainly of disillusioned working class Germans voting system (proportional Representation) and who hated Jews, communists, the rich and the the roles of the President and the Chancellor. Treaty of Versailles. Article 48: The article in the Weimar Constitution The Kapp Putsch: Right-wing rising in March which gave the President the power to make 1920 led by Wolfgang Kapp and the Freikorps. decrees (laws) in an emergency. Sadly, it was Mainly a protest against the Treaty of open to abuse as what an emergency was wasn’t Versailles and the enforced disbandment of specified. Freikorps. Defeated by general strike by workers of Berlin. 2 The Ruhr Invasion: The invasion by 60,000 General Hindenburg: Elected President in 1925 French and Belgian troops of the Ruhr area of and again in 1932; the former leader of Germany in January 1923, following Germany’s Germany’s army was respected by people of all failure to pay reparation installment in December classes but he did lean towards right-wing 1922. They started to take what was owed. policies and abused Article 48 1930-1933. Passive Resistance: The general strike by The League of Nations: The international workers in the Ruhr, against the invading forces, organisation set up after the First World War to ordered by the Weimar government which discuss issues so as to avoid future wars. caused shortages and economic problems. Germany was invited to join in 1926. Hyperinflation: The major economic problem in Kellog-Briand Pact: An agreement in 1928, 1923; rapidly increasing prices caused by signed by by 50 countries (including Weimar shortages and the Weimar Government’s Germany) never to go to war again!!! decision to print extra banknotes effectively making the German currency worthless. Gustav Stresemann: The centre-right politician Weimar Culture: An expression used to whose policies brought an end to the describe the explosion in new ideas in all forms hyperinflation crisis and led to Germany’s of media in Germany in the 1920s, partly as a economic recovery and international result of the new freedom established by the rehabilitation between 1924 and 1929, a period Weimar Constitution; it included modernist art, known as the Stresemann Era. theatre, films, literature and night-life/ clubs The Munich Putsch: Hitler’s failed attempt to The Wall Street Crash: The collapse of the seize power, starting in a Munich beer hall in stock market in New York in October 1929 which November 1923. 16 SA men were killed but Hitler is often seen as the start of the worldwide Great used the trial to great effect by saying he was Depression. The collapse of the American trying to save Germany from the chaos of economic affected Germany so badly because democracy making him a national figure. Germany depended on American money. Mein Kampf: The book Hitler wrote during the 9 Unemployment: The main problem caused in months he was in prison after the Putsch. It spelt Germany by the Great Depression. It led to out his ideas and became a best-seller in homelessness and despair in Germany as well Germany, making Hitler (and the Nazis) relatively as the rise of the two most extreme parties- the wealthy and thus able to fund propaganda. Nazis and the Communists, as the Weimar government failed to create jobs. The Dawes Plan: The agreement signed by Nazi Promises: Hitler and the Nazis promised Stresemann in 1924 which rescheduled different things to different groups of people in reparation payments, reorganised the German order to maximise support. Unpopular policies bank and led to the end of the withdrawal of were dropped. The promised mainly appealed to French and Belgian troops from the Ruhr while the middle class but were vague enough to win also leading to loans of $800 million dollars from votes from all classes. American banks Locarno Pact: An agreement signed in 1925 to Anti-Semitism: The hatred of Jews, which was respect the international land borders established exploited by Hitler to win votes from people from in 1919 - no more talk of revenge! all social classes. 3 Nationalism: An extreme form of patriotism in Reichstag Fire: February 1933 - this fire was which the interests of the country in question are started a week before the key March Election; it viewed as being more important that the interests allowed Hitler to say it was a Communist plot of other countries. It was used to justify the and President Hindenburg to introduce the actions which led to WW2. Order for the Protection of the People and State.. Lebensbaum: The Nazi policy of expanding into Order for the Protection of the People and Eastern Europe if it became necessary for the State: Passed by Hindenburg, using Article Germany’s success. This policy was use to justify 48, in response to Reichstag Fire, it suspended invade Poland in 1939. human rights and enabled Hitler to lock up and silence the communists and other political opponents on the left wing. Joseph Goebbels: Hitler’s propaganda genius Concentration Camps: Special prison camps who hated Jews and loved Hitler in almost equal set up by the Nazis to house the thousands of amounts. political opponents locked up using the Order for the Protection of People and State. They were run by the SS Chancellor Bruning: Appointed by Hindenburg .March Election: The election in March 1933 in 1930 and remained in charge until 1932; this which saw the Nazis win their biggest Centre party politician never had the support of percentage of the vote yet (43.8%) which was the Reichstag, was ineffective and was only able good but not good enough to establish an to make laws by asking Hindenburg to make outright majority in the Reichstag. Hitler would decrees (Article 48). now need to make deals to do what he wanted. Centre Party: Moderate right wing political party The DNVP: The small right wing party of the which was set up before 1914 to represent the rich; it was nationalist and anti-semitic. Its deal interests of Germany’s Catholics; its main with Hitler was one of the reasons why it was importance was in agreeing to support the possible for Hitler to get the Enabling Law Enabling Law in 1933, because of Hitler’s promise passed. not to interfere in the Catholic Church. Franz von Papen: Member of the Centre party The Enabling Law: The law which gave Hitler who replaced Bruning as Chancellor in 1932; a to power to make any law he wanted, which personal friend of President Hindenburg. would become law immediately, without the Persuaded Hindenburg to make Hitler Chancellor support of either the Reichstag or the president. in January 1933, having been pushed out of power by General Von Schleicher.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Germany Key Words
    Germany Key Words Anti–Semitism Hatred of the Jews. Article 48 Part of the Weimar Constitution, giving the President special powers to rule in a crisis. Used By Chancellors to rule when they had no majority in the Reichstag – and therefore an undemocratic precedent for Hitler. Aryan Someone who Belongs to the European type race. To the Nazis this meant especially non– Jewish and they looked for the ideal characteristics of fair hair, Blue eyes... Autobahn Motorway – showpieces of the Nazi joB creation schemes Bartering Buying goods with other goods rather than money. (As happened in the inflation crisis of 1923) Bavaria Large state in the South of Germany. Hitler & Nazis’ original Base. Capital – Munich Beerhall Putsch Failed attempt to seize power By Hitler in NovemBer 1923. Hitler jailed for five years – in fact released Dec 1924 Brown Shirts The name given to the S.A. Centre Party Party representing Roman Catholics – one of the Weimar coalition parties. Dissolves itself July 1933. Chancellor Like the Prime Minister – the man who is the chief figure in the government, Coalition A government made up of a number of parties working together, Because of the election system under Weimar, all its governments were coalitions. They are widely seen as weak governments. Conscription Compulsory military service – introduced by Hitler April1935 in his drive to build up Germany’s military strength (against the terms of the Versailles Treaty) Conservatives In those who want to ‘conserve’ or resist change. In Weimar Germany it means those whose support for the RepuBlic was either weak or non–existent as they wanted a return to Germany’s more ordered past.
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Violence: the German Army and Politics, 1918-1923
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2015-09-11 Republic of Violence: The German Army and Politics, 1918-1923 Bucholtz, Matthew N Bucholtz, M. N. (2015). Republic of Violence: The German Army and Politics, 1918-1923 (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/27638 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2451 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Republic of Violence: The German Army and Politics, 1918-1923 By Matthew N. Bucholtz A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN HISTORY CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER, 2015 © Matthew Bucholtz 2015 Abstract November 1918 did not bring peace to Germany. Although the First World War was over, Germany began a new and violent chapter as an outbreak of civil war threatened to tear the country apart. The birth of the Weimar Republic, Germany’s first democratic government, did not begin smoothly as republican institutions failed to re-establish centralized political and military authority in the wake of the collapse of the imperial regime. Coupled with painful aftershocks from defeat in the Great War, the immediate postwar era had only one consistent force shaping and guiding political and cultural life: violence.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kapp Putsch and the Ruhr Insurrection
    Chapter 12 - The Kapp Putsch and the Ruhr insurrection The Coup d’État and the First Instances of “Workers Government” and “Anti- Fascism” The Kapp Putsch (May 13-17, 1920) was an attempt on the part of reactionary elements in the Army to take the first steps towards building a strong right-wing government. The German Army (Reichswehr) was reestablished by the constituent assembly: by June 1919 it had 100,000 men, the maximum allowed by the postwar treaties. Including the Freikorps, however, by the beginning of 1920 the Army had 400,000 men, which provoked the protests of the victorious powers. The Freikorps arose during the period of military demobilization and State disintegration, and their only purpose was to serve as an instrument of the counterrevolution in Germany and Russia. They were paid by the State. As the situation appeared to have stabilized, the government solved part of its problem in September 1919 by prohibiting the creation of local militias, while directly transforming numerous Freikorps units into Reichswehr detachments. But it could not integrate all of them, as it wanted to provide the army with a republican “varnish”. The majority of the troops who would participate in the Kapp Putsch were from Freikorps units which had returned from Russia after having participated in the foreign intervention. They feared they would be discharged due to the terms of the Versailles Treaty. A right-wing faction, encouraged by Kapp, a senior Prussian official, established contacts with their commanders in order to carry out a political operation. Discovering that 6,000 men under the command of Lüttwitz (one of Noske’s direct subordinates in January 1919) were going to occupy Berlin on March 13, the socialist government fled to Dresden and then to Stuttgart.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Bradford Ethesis
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bradford Scholars University of Bradford eThesis This thesis is hosted in Bradford Scholars – The University of Bradford Open Access repository. Visit the repository for full metadata or to contact the repository team © University of Bradford. This work is licenced for reuse under a Creative Commons Licence. THE WHITE INTERNATIONAL: ANATOMY OF A TRANSNATIONAL RADICAL REVISIONIST PLOT IN CENTRAL EUROPE AFTER WORLD WAR I Nicholas Alforde Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Social and International Studies University of Bradford 2013 Principal Supervisor: Gábor Bátonyi, DPhil Abstract Nicholas Alforde The White International: Anatomy of a Transnational Radical Revisionist Plot in Central Europe after World War I Keywords: Bauer, Gömbös, Horthy, Ludendorff, Orgesch, paramilitary, Prónay, revision, Versailles, von Kahr The denial of defeat, the harsh Versailles Treaty and unsuccessful attempts by paramilitary units to recover losses in the Baltic produced in post-war Germany an anti- Bolshevik, anti-Entente, radical right-wing cabal of officers with General Ludendorff and Colonel Bauer at its core. Mistakenly citing a lack of breadth as one of the reason for the failure of their amateurishly executed Hohenzollern restoration and Kapp Putsch schemes, Bauer and co-conspirator Ignatius Trebitsch-Lincoln devised the highly ambitious White International plot. It sought to form a transnational league of Bavaria, Austria and Hungary to force the annulment of the Paris Treaties by the coordinated use of paramilitary units from the war vanquished nations. It set as its goals the destruction of Bolshevism in all its guises throughout Europe, the restoration of the monarchy in Russia, the systematic elimination of all Entente-sponsored Successor States and the declaration of war on the Entente.
    [Show full text]
  • Power Distribution in the Weimar Reichstag in 1919-1933
    Power Distribution in the Weimar Reichstag in 1919-1933 Fuad Aleskerov1, Manfred J. Holler2 and Rita Kamalova3 Abstract: ................................................................................................................................................2 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................2 2. The Weimar Germany 1919-1933: A brief history of socio-economic performance .......................3 3. Political system..................................................................................................................................4 3.2 Electoral system for the Reichstag ..................................................................................................6 3.3 Political parties ................................................................................................................................6 3.3.1 The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).....................................................................7 3.3.2 The Communist Party of Germany (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands – KPD)...............8 3.3.3 The German Democratic Party (Deutsche Demokratische Partei – DDP)...............................9 3.3.4 The Centre Party (Deutsche Zentrumspartei – Zentrum) .......................................................10 3.3.5 The German People's Party (Deutsche Volkspartei – DVP) ..................................................10 3.3.6 German-National People's Party (Deutsche
    [Show full text]
  • The Soviet-German Tank Academy at Kama
    The Secret School of War: The Soviet-German Tank Academy at Kama THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ian Johnson Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Master's Examination Committee: Jennifer Siegel, Advisor Peter Mansoor David Hoffmann Copyright by Ian Ona Johnson 2012 Abstract This paper explores the period of military cooperation between the Weimar Period German Army (the Reichswehr), and the Soviet Union. Between 1922 and 1933, four facilities were built in Russia by the two governments, where a variety of training and technological exercises were conducted. These facilities were particularly focused on advances in chemical and biological weapons, airplanes and tanks. The most influential of the four facilities was the tank testing and training grounds (Panzertruppenschule in the German) built along the Kama River, near Kazan in North- Central Russia. Led by German instructors, the school’s curriculum was based around lectures, war games, and technological testing. Soviet and German students studied and worked side by side; German officers in fact often wore the Soviet uniform while at the school, to show solidarity with their fellow officers. Among the German alumni of the school were many of the most famous practitioners of mobile warfare during the Second World War, such as Guderian, Manstein, Kleist and Model. This system of education proved highly innovative. During seven years of operation, the school produced a number of extremely important technological and tactical innovations. Among the new technologies were a new tank chassis system, superior guns, and - perhaps most importantly- a radio that could function within a tank.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/28/2021 01:08:55AM Via Free Access
    fascism 6 (2017) 13-41 brill.com/fasc ‘Milksops’ and ‘Bemedalled Old Men’: War Veterans and the War Youth Generation in the Weimar Republic Kristian Mennen Berlin [email protected] Abstract This article reconsiders traditional assumptions about the connection between the First World War and the rise of National Socialism in Germany, according to which politically radicalised war veterans joined the Freikorps after the war and formed the backbone of the Nazi membership and electorate. In questioning this view, the article first traces the political paths of actual veterans’ organisations. Whereas the largest veterans’ organisations were not politically active, the most distinctive ones – Reichsbanner and Stahlhelm – were not primarily responsible for a ‘brutalisation’ or radicalisation of Weimar political culture. Their definitions of ‘veteran’ and ‘front experience’ implicitly excluded the so-called ‘war youth generation’ from their nar- rative. Secondly, it is shown how representatives of this younger generation, lacking actual combat experience but moulded by war propaganda, determined the collective imagination of the First World War. The direct connection between the First World War and National Socialism can therefore primarily be found in the continuity of pub- lic and cultural imagination of war and of ‘war veterans’, and much less so in actual membership overlaps between veterans’ and Nazi movements. Keywords Germany – National Socialism – veterans – Reichsbanner – Stahlhelm – generations – political culture 1 ‘Schwarz-Rot-Gold marschiert!’ Leipziger Volkszeitung, 13 August 1927, 3. Beilage: 1. © Mennen, 2017 | doi 10.1163/22116257-00601002 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 4.0 Unported (CC-BY-NC 4.0) License.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Thought of General Hans Von Seeckt
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1964 The Political Thought of General Hans Von Seeckt Henry William Herx Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Herx, Henry William, "The Political Thought of General Hans Von Seeckt" (1964). Master's Theses. 1877. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/1877 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright © 1964 Henry William Herx THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF GENERAL HANS VON SEECKT by Henry William Herx A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty or the Graduate School or Loyola University in Partial hlrillment or the Requirements tor the Degree or Master ot Arta February 1964 Henry William Herx was born in Chicago, Illinois, June 29, 1933. He was graduated tram Quigley Preparatory Seminary, June, 1952, attended St. Mary at the Lake Seminary, Mundelein, Illinois 1952-1953, and was graduated tram Loyola University, February 1955 with a degree at Bachelor at Arts. Since 1958 the author has taught MOdern Wbrld History at Tuley Higb School. He began his graduate stUdies at Loyola University, February 1955. The writer has published an article, on the lack at critical content tound in the Chicago newspapers, in!!!! City magazine (April 1, 1962) and is presently working on a Film Education Handbook in connection with the Catholic Film Center.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnosing Nazism: US Perceptions of National Socialism, 1920-1933
    DIAGNOSING NAZISM: U.S. PERCEPTIONS OF NATIONAL SOCIALISM, 1920-1933 A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Robin L. Bowden August 2009 Dissertation written by Robin L. Bowden B.A., Kent State University, 1996 M.A., Kent State University, 1998 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2009 Approved by Mary Ann Heiss , Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Clarence E. Wunderlin, Jr. , Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Kenneth R. Calkins , Steven W. Hook , James A. Tyner , Accepted by Kenneth J. Bindas , Chair, Department of History John R. D. Stalvey , Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………..………………………………………………iv Chapter 1. Introduction: U.S. Officials Underestimate Hitler and the Nazis……..1 2. Routine Monitoring: U.S. Officials Discover the Nazis…………......10 3. Early Dismissal: U.S. Officials Reject the Possibility of a Recovery for the Nazis…………………………………………….....57 4. Diluted Coverage: U.S. Officials Neglect the Nazis………………..106 5. Lingering Confusion: U.S. Officials Struggle to Reassess the Nazis…………………………………………………………….151 6. Forced Reevaluation: Nazi Success Leads U.S. Officials to Reconsider the Party……………………………………………......198 7. Taken by Surprise: U.S. Officials Unprepared for the Success of the Nazis……………………...……………………………….…256 8. Conclusion: Evaluating U.S. Reporting on the Nazis…………..…..309 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………318 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation represents the culmination of years of work, during which the support of many has been necessary. In particular, I would like to thank two graduate school friends who stood with me every step of the way even as they finished and moved on to academic positions.
    [Show full text]
  • Germany Violently
    Political Problems of the Weimar Republic The Kapp Putsch (1920) When - March 1920 a right wing supporting politician Wolfgang Kapp gathered around 5000 men, mainly ex-soldiers and took over the capital, Berlin. The Spartacist Uprising – 1919 Why - Kapp was angry at the fact that the Weimar government no longer needed When – Jan. 1919. The Spartacists were communists who believed that support from his right wing group, the Friekorps (Free Corps). The Freikorps were used workers should rule. They were trying to take over Germany violently. by the government to attack (and kill) Communist supporters. Why – The Spartacists wanted to copy the revolution that had What happened - The Weimar government fled Berlin but Kapp didn’t have the support happened in Russia. They believed that WW1 had made the workers of the workers who went on strike meaning the city grinded to a halt. motivated enough to create a communist country. Result—After only 100 hours after succeeding Kapp fled abroad and the Weimar What happened – The Spartacists captured key buildings and government returned. occupied Berlin for 3 days. The government left for the safety of a small town called Weimar. As there was no army to stop the Uprising, the government asked the Free Corps (Freikorps) to stop the The Munich Putsch (1923) Spartacists. After 3 days of street battles, the Freikorps were When - November 1923, Hitler and the Nazis tried to seize control of the Bavarian successful and the leaders of the Spartacists, Rosa Luxembourg and government in southern Germany. Karl Liebknecht, were executed. Why - Hitler promised to overturn the Treaty of Versailles, destroy communism and Result – The government had given the political right wing power and restore Germany to greatness.
    [Show full text]
  • The Weimar Republic
    Chapter 4 The Weimar The Scope and Sequence Republic: Individual Choosing to & Society Participate The Fragility of We & They Judgment, Memory & Legacy The Holocaust Democracy akg-images HaHB_chapter4_v1_PPS.indd 156 2/28/17 7:51 PM Overview The Weimar Republic, the post– World War I German government named for the German city where it was formed, lasted more than 14 years, but democracy never found firm footing. This chapter explores Germany in the years preceding the Nazis’ ascension to power by highlighting efforts to turn a fledgling republic into a strong democracy and examining the misunderstandings, myths, and fears that often undercut those efforts. HaHB_chapter4_v1_PPS.indd 157 2/28/17 7:51 PM Chapter 4 Introduction After World War I ended in 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm fled to the Netherlands, Essential and Germany became a republic. The Weimar Republic was characterized Questions by contrasts and conflicts. The Weimar government granted significant new rights and freedoms to individuals and groups, beginning an era in • How do fears, both real and which creativity and experimentation flourished. At the same time, the imagined, shape the way we as individuals and as republic struggled to convince many Germans, accustomed to monarchy, citizens define our nation’s to accept and trust its authority. The people’s trust in the republic was universe of obligation? especially damaged as it faced economic crises as well as challenges from political parties that were hostile to democracy. • How can we as citizens build and maintain a Two very different moods characterized Weimar politics and society. The democracy that protects the first mood was one of excitement and creativity.
    [Show full text]
  • Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918 – 39
    Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918 – 39 GCSE History Revision Guide Name: ___________ Form: ____________ 1 How do I answer paper 3? This page introduces you to the main features and requirements of the Paper 3 exam. About Paper 3 The Paper 3 exam lasts for Paper 3 is for your modern depth study. 1 hour and 20 minutes (80 Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918-39 is option 31. minutes). There are 52 It is divided up into two sections: Section A and Section B. You must answer all questions in both sections. marks in total. You should You will receive two documents: a question paper, which you spend approximately 25 write on, and a Sources/ Interpretations booklet which you will minutes on Section A and need for section B. 55 minutes on Section B. The questions Question 1 targets analysing, evaluating Section A: Question 1 and using sources to make judgements. Give two things you can infer from Source A about…. (4 Spend about six minutes on this question, marks) which focuses on inference and analysing sources. Look out for the key term ‘infer’. Complete the table. Section A: Question 2 Explain why …. (12 marks) Question 2 targets both showing knowledge and understanding of the topic Two prompts and your own information. and explaining and analysing events using historical concepts such as causation, Section B: Question 3(a) consequence, change, continuity, similarity How useful are sources B and C for an enquiry into….? (8 and difference. Spend about 18 minutes on marks) this question. Use the sources and your knowledge of the historical context.
    [Show full text]