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Cinquieme Rapport National Sur La Diversite Biologique

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Cinquieme Rapport National Sur La Diversite Biologique PROGAMME DES NATIONS UNIES FONDS MONDIAL REPUBLIQUE DU CONGO POUR L’ENVIRONNEMENT POUR L’ENVIRONNEMENT CINQUIEME RAPPORT NATIONAL SUR LA DIVERSITE BIOLOGIQUE MARS 2014 PARTIE PRESENTANT LE RAPPORT PARTIE CONTRACTANTE REPUBLIQUE DU CONGO CORRESPONDANT NATIONAL NOM COMPLET DE L’ORGANISME : DIRECTION GENERALE DU DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE NOM ET FONCTION DU CHARGE DE LIAISON NGOLIELE AUGUSTIN, DIRECTEUR DE L’ECOLOGIE ET DES RESSOURCES NATURELLES, POINT FOCAL CDB ADRESSE TÉLÉPHONE (242) 066938127 &(242) 0556 33 01 FAX COURRIEL [email protected] CHARGE DE LIAISON POUR LE RAPPORT NATIONAL NOM COMPLET DE L’ORGANISME : DIRECTION GENERALE DU DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE NOM ET FONCTION DU CHARGE DE LIAISON NGOLIELE AUGUSTIN, DIRECTEUR DE L’ECOLOGIE ET DES RESSOURCES NATURELLES, POINT FOCAL CDB ADRESSE TÉLÉPHONE (242) 066938127 & (242) 0556 33 01 FAX - COURRIEL [email protected] SIGNATURE DE L’ADMINISTRATEUR AULA CHARGE DE LA PRESENTATION DU RAPPORT NATIONAL 07 AVRIL 2014 DATE D’ENVOI : 2 SIGLES ET ABREVIATIONS APA : Accès et Partage des Avantages issus de l’exploitation des Ressources génétiques BD : Biodiversité CBD : Convention sur la Diversité Biologique CERAG : Centre de Recherches sur l’Amélioration Génétique des Plantes CERVE : Centre d’Etude sur les Ressources Végétales CITES : Convention sur le Commerce International des Espèces de Flore et faune Sauvages ménacées d’extinction CNIAF: Centre national d’inventaires Fauniques et Forestiers COP : Conférence des Parties CPAL : Centre Pilote d’Afforestation en Limba CRAFFO: Centre de Recherches Agronomiques et Forestières et Fauniques de Oyo CRAL : Centre de Recherches Agronomiques de Loudima. CRDEI : Centre de Recherche sur la Durabilité des Plantations Industrielles CRFL : Centre de Recherches Forestières du Littoral CRFO: Centre de Recherches Forestières de Ouesso DGDD : Direction Générale du Développement Durable DRSP : Document Stratégique de la Réduction de la Pauvreté EFC : Eucalyptus et Fibres du Congo EIES : Etude Impact Environnementale et Sociale FEM : Fonds pour l’Environnement Mondial FIPAC : Forum International des Peuples Autochtones de l’Afrique Centrale GERDIB : Groupe d’Etude et de Recherche sur la Diversité Biologique ha : hectare Km : kilomètre Km 2 : kilomètre carré m : mètre m3/s : mètre cube par seconde MAE : Ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’Elevage MEFE : Ministère de l’Economie Forestière et de l’Environnement mm : millimètre OMD : Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement ONG: Organisation Non Gouvernementale OSC : organisation de la Société Civile PFNL : Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux PTF : Partenaires Techniques Financiers STD :Service Technique Déconcentré ProNAR: Programme National d’Afforestation et de Reboisement RENAPAC : Réseau National des Peuples Autochtones du Congo RC : République du Congo RDC : République Démocratique du Congo RPGAA : Ressources Phytogénétiques pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture RPGAA : Ressources Phytogénétiques pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture SPNAB : Stratégie et Plans d’Action Nationaux sur la Biodiversité SNPA-DB : Stratégie Nationale et Plan d’Action en matière de Diversité Biologique SNR : Service National de Reboisement UFA : Unité Forestière d’Aménagement UICN : Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature 3 LISTE DES FIGURES, TABLEAUX ET PHOTOS Fig. 1 : Carte administrative du Congo ................................................................................ 16 Fig. 2 : Diversité des embranchements, des familles, des genres et des espèces. .............. 20 Fig. 3 : Diversité spécifique des clades desAngiospermiques de la flore du Congo. ............ 21 Fig. 4 : Esquisse des territoires phytogéographiques du Congo (Kimpouni & al, 1992) ....... 21 Fig. 5 : Les différentes formations végétales du Congo ....................................................... 22 Fig. 6 : Carte des aires protégées ....................................................................................... 47 Fig. 7 : Relations entre des différentes fonctions dans une aire protégée ............................ 47 Tableau 1 : Espèces endémiques de la flore du Congo....................................................... 19 Tableau 2 : Quelques espèces envahissantes recensées ................................................. 30 Tableau 3 : Importance relative des cultures principales de base et des cultures secondaires ................................................................................................. 30 Tableau 4 : Des espèces protégées de l’annexe 1 .............................................................. 33 Tableau 5 : Des espèces partiellement protégées de l’annexe 2 ........................................ 34 Tableau 6: Quelques espèces fauniques endémiques, rares, menacées ............................ 34 Tableau 7 : Espèces d’élevage .......................................................................................... 36 Tableau 8 : La répartition icthyofaunique marine et côtière du Congo ................................. 38 Tableau 9 : Répertoire des menaces et conséquences de l’écosystème marinet côtier ...... 45 Tableau 10 : Situation actuelle et perspectives sur l’aménagementforestier et la certification du bois au Congo …………………………………………………………………………………….48 Photo1 : Défrichement pour cultures agricoles………………………………… ...................... 28 Photo 2 : Transport des espèces forestières commercialisées ............................................ 29 Photo 3 : Viande de brousse repartie en tas pour autoconsommation ................................. 35 Photo 4 : Papillon sur une feuille ......................................................................................... 37 Photo 5 : Termitière de savane ........................................................................................... 37 Photo 6 : Requins aux débarquements (pêche artisanale) .................................................. 39 Photo 7 : Pigeons verts transportés dans un bidon ............................................................ 43 Photo 8 : Serpent pris dans un filet de pêche ...................................................................... 44 Photo 9 : Tortues d’eau continentale ................................................................................... 44 Photo 10 : Cameléon Chamaeleo owenii ............................................................................ 44 Photo 11 : Crocodile nain dans une brouette pour une ventesur le marché ....................... 44 Photo 12 : Femme dans un jardin de légumes .................................................................... 51 4 TABLE DES MATIERES Page SIGLES ET ABREVIATIONS ................................................................................... 3 LISTE DES TABLEAUX ET DES FIGURES ........................................................................ 4 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 8 I - PRESENTATION DU CONGO ........................................................................................ 16 I.1 - Les limites ........................................................................................................ 16 I.2 - Le relief et les sols ............................................................................................ 17 I.3- Le climat ............................................................................................................ 17 I.4- L’hydrographie ................................................................................................... 17 I.5- La végétation ..................................................................................................... 18 II - MISE A JOUR DE L’ETAT ET TENDANCES DE LA DIVERSITE BIOLOGIQUE, ANGERS QUI LA MENACENT ET LEURS CONSEQUENCES POUR LE BIEN-ETRE HUMAIN ..................................................................................... 19 II.1 – Etat et tendances de la diversité floristique au Congo ..................................... 19 II.1.1 - Etat et tendances de menaces des espèces végétales .......................... 19 II.1.2 - Position chronologique du Congo. ......................................................... 21 II.1.3 - Diversité des écosystèmes en fonction de la chorologie ........................ 22 II.1.3.1 - Le domaine Congolais ..................................................................... 23 II.1.3.1.1 - Secteur de transition Congolo-zambézien ........................ 25 II.1.3.2 - Le domaine Bas-Guinéen ................................................................. 25 II.1.3.3 - Le domaine Bas-guinéen Atlantique ................................................. 25 II.1.3.3.1 - La végétation du Littoral ................................................... 25 II.1.3.3.2 - Le Mayombe .................................................................... 27 II.1.3.3.3 - Le Chaillu ......................................................................... 27 II.1.3.4 - Domaine Bas-guinéen Continental ................................................... 27 II.1.3.4.1 - La Vallée du Niari ............................................................. 27 II.1.3.4.2 - Les Plateaux des Cataractes ............................................ 27 II.1.3.4.3 - Végétation anthropique ................................................... 28 II.2 - Menaces et conséquences sur la biodiversité des forêts ................................ 28 II.3 - Etat de la diversité biologique .........................................................................
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