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Forêts De Haute Valeur Pour La Conservation En RDC

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Forêts De Haute Valeur Pour La Conservation En RDC Forêts de Haute Valeur pour la Conservation en RDC Résultats de l’atelier d’interprétation nationale des critères HVC Kinshasa, Février 2012 Version 0.1 | Juillet 2012 Avec l’appui technique de : et le soutien financier de : Interprétation Nationale de HVC – RD Congo v 0.1 Juillet 2012 Table of contents 1. 1. Introduction ............................................................................ 3 1.1 Cibles du présent document ............................................................................................... 3 1.2 Origine de l’approche HVC ................................................................................................. 3 2. 2 Les 6 Hautes Valeurs de Conservation .................................... 6 3. 3 Contexte national .................................................................... 7 3.1 L’interprétation nationale .................................................................................................. 7 3.2 Les forêts de la République Démocratique du Congo .......................................................... 7 4. 4 Identification des HCV ........................................................... 10 4.1 HVC 1: Diversité des espèces ............................................................................................ 10 4.2 HVC 2 Ecosystèmes et mosaïques à l’échelle du paysage .................................................. 14 4.3 HVC 3: Ecosystèmes et habitats menacés ou rares ........................................................... 16 4.4 HVC 4 Services écologiques critiques ................................................................................ 18 4.5 HVC 5 Besoins essentiels des communautés ..................................................................... 20 4.6 HVC 6 Valeurs culturelles ................................................................................................. 22 5. 5 Gestion des HVC .................................................................... 24 5.1 Gestion des concentrations de biodiversité – HVC 1 ......................................................... 24 5.2 Gestion des écosystèmes rares ou menaces - HVC 3 ......................................................... 27 5.3 Gestion des Forêts à l’échelle de paysage HVC 2 .............................................................. 28 5.4 HCV 4 Les services critiques.............................................................................................. 28 5.5 Gestion des besoins des communautés locales HVC 5 & 6 ................................................ 30 6. 6 Suivi des HVC ......................................................................... 31 6.1 Recommandations générales ........................................................................................... 31 6.2 Recommandations spécifiques pour les HVC .................................................................... 32 7. 7 Bibliography .......................................................................... 35 8. Annexes ...................................................................................... 36 Annexe 1: Textes juridiques portant sur la biodiversité ............................................................... 36 Annexe 2: Listes des espèces endémiques en RDC ...................................................................... 36 Annexe 3 : Classification des types de forêts ............................................................................... 44 Annexe 4 : Ressources – Sites Webs ........................................................................................... 47 Annexe 5 : Liste des participants - Formation sur les HVC à Kinshasa, RDC .................................. 48 2 Interprétation Nationale de HVC – RD Congo v 0.1 Juillet 2012 1 Introduction Ce document résume les discussions de «l’Atelier d’interprétation nationale pour les forêts de Haute Valeur de Conservation en RDC» qui a eu lieu à Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo, en Février 2012, organisé par WWF-RDC et facilité par Proforest, avec le soutien de la composante C4CF du Programme Biodiversité et Forêts (PBF), du Projet RPAN (Redd for People and Nature), et de la société SODEFOR. Ce sont ici des lignes directrices qui demandent d’être lues et revues par une gamme de parties prenantes en RDC, y compris des experts en gestion forestière, en écologie, et en sociologie, en vue d’élaborer un guide plus complet et plus définitif. 1.1 Cibles du présent document Les informations contenues dans ce document visent à aider les responsables de gestion forestière à se conformer aux exigences des normes internationales traitant de forêts de Haute Valeur de Conservation (Forêts HVC ou FHVC). Ce document est conçu tout d’abord pour la certification FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) dans des forêts naturelles. Il peut servir de guide aux gestionnaires forestiers, aux experts impliqués dans la rédaction d’études d’impact pour la foresterie, ainsi que pour les auditeurs, et pour d’autres projets qui pourraient affecter les milieux naturels et les communautés qui en dépendent. Principes et Critères du FSC (abrégés) 1.2 Origine de l’approche HVC Principe 1 : Respect des lois Le concept de Hautes Valeurs pour la Conservation Principe 2 : Droits des travailleurs et conditions de (HVC) a son origine dans le référentiel de gestion travail durable des forêts de Forest Stewardship Council Principe 3 : Droits des Populations Autochtones (FSC). Le FSC est une organisation non- Principe 4 : Relations avec les communautés gouvernementale, indépendante et à but non Principe 5 : Bénéfices générés par la forêt lucratif, créée en 1992, avec une vision de Principe 6 : Valeurs et impacts environnementaux promouvoir une gestion responsable des forêts. Principe 7 : Planification de la gestion Les questions de conservation sont récurrentes Principe 8 : Contrôle et évaluation dans les principes et critères (P&C) du FSC, et Principe 9 : Hautes Valeurs de Conservation comprennent des éléments écologiques, sociaux, Principe 10 : Mise en œuvre des activités de gestion et environnementaux.1 1.2.1 Principe 6 - Protection de l’environnement Le FSC dans son Principe 6 prescrit une gestion forestière qui: x Protège les espèces rares, menacées et en voie de disparition (oiseaux, plantes, reptiles, etc.) x Protège des zones (habitats) dans lesquelles ces espèces vivent, se nourrissent et se reproduisent x Lutte contre la chasse et le collecte illégale/non-durable d’animaux et de plantes x Maintient les "fonctions naturelles" de la forêt x Tient compte des impacts de l’exploitation sur la forêt 1.2.2 Principe 9 – HVC «L'Organisation doit préserver et/ou accroître les Hautes Valeurs de Conservation dans 1 Résumé des Principes et Critères de FSC 3 Interprétation Nationale de HVC – RD Congo v 0.1 Juillet 2012 l'Unité de Gestion en appliquant le principe de précaution» (Standard FSC, v5.0). FSC a conçu le concept de forêt à haute valeur de conservation (FHVC), dans la perspective de faciliter l’identification des forêts particulièrement importantes – celles contenant d'importantes valeurs sociales ou environnementales. Le Principe 9 exige que le gestionnaire fasse un investissement supplémentaire, et prend des précautions spéciales pour la protection des HVC. Principe de Précaution Le Principe 9 n’interdit pas d’office les opérations de sylviculture dans des forêts dites HVC (par exemple des forêts vierges or à haute valeur « Pour protéger biologique ou sociale), mais exige que dans de telles forêts, toute utilisation l'environnement, des et gestion de ressources doit considérer en priorité le besoin de préserver mesures de précaution les valeurs exceptionnelles. Les HVC peuvent être présentes dans tout lieu doivent être largement de la forêt y compris dans les aires de production. L’essentiel est de gérer les appliquées (…). En cas de activités de production de façon qu’elles n’endommagent pas les valeurs, en risque de dommages graves mettant en pratique une gamme de méthodes appropriées y compris par ou irréversibles, l'absence de certitude scientifique exemple l’exploitation forestière à faible impact, la protection de zones clé, absolue ne doit pas servir de le contrôle du braconnage, etc. Le FSC exige le respect des principes et prétexte pour remettre à critères de bonne gestion forestière. Cependant le mode d’application des plus tard l'adoption de exigences dépendra de "l’échelle et de l’intensité des opérations et de la mesures effectives visant à spécificité des ressources affectées". L’approche HVC exige que la gestion prévenir la dégradation de respecte le principe de précaution. Ce principe est généralement utilisé pour l'environnement. » signifier qu’on doit éviter toute mesure qui puisse causer un dégât grave ou Principe 15, Déclaration de Rio, irréversible (voir encadré). 1992 Un standard régional de FSC pour le Bassin du Congo est en élaboration et doit indiquer comment le P9 (HVC) se rapporte aux autres principes, notamment le P3 (droits des peuples autochtones), P4 (communautés locales) et P6 (protection de l’environnement). 1.2.3 HVC en dehors du contexte de l’aménagement forestier Bien que le concept de HVC ait son origine dans la certification forestière, c’est un outil pratique dont l‘usage est largement reconnu dans le domaine de la gestion durable des forêts et de l’aménagement du territoire. Etant donné que le principe de HVC est reconnu par d’autres référentiels de certification, ce document peut être utile pour d’autres contextes, particulièrement la certification de palmeraies durables
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