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C:\Documents and Settings\Pallotto\Desktop\Tech.Doc CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Aquatic Commons LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH PROJECT PHASE II LVFRP/TECH/98/O1 Technical Document No. i Species Catalogue Lake Victoria LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH PROJECT PHASE II pii E. J.O. By: P.O. Kenya A.A. P.O. B.F. JINJA P.O. KISUMU Box Box Tanzania Box Fisheries Tanzania Financed Asila MWANZA 475 343 by LAKE 1881 Marine Katunzi Okaronon and the and Fisheries Research the FISH Republic Fisheries Research Institute European of VICTORIA LAKE SPECIES Research Institute Kenya, Development Enumerator's FISHERIES VIC! FOR Institute (7Fund ofRepublic IlL' Field Uganda RIA and IDENTIFICATION SEARCH Guide ACP-RPR-372) United \ GUIDE 1997DECEMBER ofRepublic PROJECT LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES RESEARCH PROJECT PHASE II PREFACE The first phase of the Lake Victoria Fisheries Research Project had as one of the objectives to harmonise data collection around Lake Victoria. During the various exercises it appeared that it was rather difficult and complicated to harmonise and standardise data forms, as the three riparian countries had their data collection already in place. The three Fisheries Departments and Fisheries Research Institutes, however, showed their good will and after ample discussion it was found that the data forms were not comprehensive and that at fish species level there were discrepancies. The existing forms did not allow space for certain important commercial species. From in-depth interviews during training courses it became apparent that certain species were neglected as no space on the forms was reserved for them. The harmonised form, which was the result of the standardisation exercise has not (yet) been introduced, although all important fish species would fit on the form. Sampling demonstrations showed that not all data collectors, beach recorders and enumerators in the three countries were able to identify the fish caught around Lake Victoria. Therefore it was decided that three researchers were given the assignment to prepare an inventory of the most common fish species appearing in the fishermen's catches and to provide the most common features of the species that would allow proper identification. The present document is the result of a compilation by the three authors, using existing literature. It is considered as the first step in the direction of a complete fish species catalogue for fisheries purposes. At the time of printing efforts are underway to produce professional drawings of species that are less common, but definitely important for biodiversity studies. It is believed that the present species guide wilt contribute to the knowledge of the staff of Fisheries Departments and Research Institutes as well as of students and other stakeholders. On top of that this document is also the first in hopefully a long series of technical documents to be published by the Lake Victoria Fisheries Research Project, Phase II. It is my wish to congratulate the three consultants, who did a commendable job. I trust that this document will be considered as a key catalogue for field work to improve data collection for better catch statistics and for eventually appropriate modeling of the Lake's ecology Martin van der Knaap Project Coordinator September, 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents (i) Introduction (iv) Technical terms and Measurements (y) Pictorial index to Families (vii) Guide to Families (ix) Guide to Species i. Family: CENTROPOMTDAE i Genus: Lates i. Lates niloticus - ..- i Family: BAGRIDAE -. - 2 Genus: Bagrus 2 Bagrus docmak 2 Family: CLARIIDAE 3 Genus: Cia rias .-- 3 Cia rias gariepinus ..- ..- 3 Clarias alluaudi --- 4 Cia rias werneri 5 Family: MOCHOKIDAE 6 Genus: Synodontis 6 Synodontis afrofischeri 6 Synodontis victoriue 7 Family: SCHILBEIDAE -. -. 8 Genus: Schilbe .-. -. -. ..- -. 8 Schilbe intermedius - - .- 8 Family: CYPRINIDAE 9 Genus: Barbus 9 Barbus altianalis 9 Barbus amphigralninci -. 10 Barbus apleurogramma -. -.. 10 Barbus cercops -.. 10 Barbus jacksonii 10 Barbus kerstenil 10 Barbus magdalenae -.. 10 Barbus neglectus 10 Barbus neuma yen 10 Barbus nyanzue 10 Barbus paludinosus -.. - 10 Barbus radiatus -.. -.. -. io Barbus salmo 10 Barbus sexnadia tus 10 Barbus viktonianus 10 Barbus yongei -.. 10 (i) Genus: Garra ... 10 Garra dembeensis 10 Genus: Labeo li Labeo victorianus 11 Genus: Rastrineobola 12 Rastrineobola argentea 12 Family: CI-IARACIDAE 13 Genus: Brycinus 13 Brycinus jackson ii 13 Brycinus sadien 14 Family: MASTACEMBELIDAE 15 Genus: Aethioinastacembelus 15 Aethiomastacembelus frenatus 15 Family: MORMYRIDAE 16 Genus: Mormyrus 16 Mormyrus kannume 16 Genus: Gnat honemus 17 Gnathonemus ion gibarbis 17 Genus: Hippopotamyrus 18 Hippopotamyrus grahami 18 Genus: Marcusen jus 19 Marcusenius rheni 19 Marcusenius victor jae 20 Genus: Pet rocephalus 21 Petrocephalus catastonza 21 Genus: Pol/im yrus 22 Pollimyrus nigricans 22 Family: ANABANTIDAB 23 Genus: Cteno poma 23 Ctenoponza muriei 23 Family: PROTOPTERIDAE 24 Genus: Protopterus 24 Protopterus aethiopicus 24 Family: CICHLIDAE 25 Genus: Tilapìa 26 Ti/a pia renda lii 26 Tua pia zulu 27 Genus: Oreochromis 28 Oreochromis esculentus 28 Oreochromis leucostictus 29 Oreociiromis niloticus 30 Oreochromis variabilis 31 Genus:Haplochrornis 32 Detritivores /phytoplanktivores 32 Epilithic algae grazers 32 Insectivores 33 Oral mollusc shellers 33 Paedophages 34 Parasite eaters 34 Pharyngeal mollusc crushers 35 Piscivores 35 Prawn eaters 36 Scale eaters 36 Zooplanktivores 37 Appendix .. 38 INTRODUCTION In the Fisheries Data Collectors training courses in the three riparian countries of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, it was found out that knowledge of the commonly encountered fish species in Lake Victoria was lacking. This was particulary so for the tilapiines and cyprinids. This guide has been prepared to meet the requirements of the beach recorders, and may also prove useful to students and scientists interested in quick identification of Lake Victoria fish species. The guide, however, is lacking in the identification of the Haplochromis and detailed taxonomic techniques for the cyprinids. The convention used in the description of rays starts with Roman numbers indicating the number of spiny rays when the Arabic numbers devotes the soft rays. This is particularly the case with most dorsal rays. Most drawings have been taken from "Fish stock and fisheries of Lake Victoriaa handbook for field observations" and "FAO Species Identification sheets for fishery purposes: Field Cuide to the Freshwater Fishes of Tànzania". The descriptions of Bcirbus species were taken from "Fishes of Uganda" The document has been prepared under the Lake Victoria Regional Fisheries Research Project funded by the European Union in cooperation with the three riparian countries bordering Lake Victoria. (iv) TECHNICAL TERMS AND MEASUREMENTS 1st dorsal fin base dorsal- 1m oiigin 2nd dorsal- . fin base postorbital length eye diameter length of depth of body caudal pcduncle preorbital lcngth lengthof pectoral fin J, ca origin - head length -c anal fus base standard length fork length total length st dorsal fin 2nd dorsal fin caudal peduncle preopercic caudal fin (upper 1o,e) eyenape lateral line nostrils premaxilla pectoral fin upper jaw lowcr jaw maxilla caudal fus branchiostegal (lower lobe) rays opercular anus anal fin membrane pelvic lin y spines (unsegmented, always soft rays unbranched (segmented, usually branched example of a continous dorsal fin adipose fin of a spiny-rayed fish (not supported by rays) (y) TECHNICAL TERMS AND MEASUREMENTS incisors canines sub tcnninal protracted retracted molars villiform nlcnor SU'eflor protrusible types of mouth most common nasal barbcl.-- mandibular ba i-t'cia maxillary barbel adipose eydid types of barbels gill arch poutcuor margin posterior margn (upper part) smooth spiny gill filaments cycloid ctnoid gill takers gill arch (lower part) schematic examples of scales first left gill arch pointed and rounded truncate emarginatc lunate forked pointed separated from the dorsal and anal fins most common types of caudal fin (vi) PICTORIAL INDEX TO FAMILIES Centropomidae Mochokidae Sc h jibe i d ae Clariidae Cyprinidae Ariaban t i dae i/i//i",,, Characidae .IS) *111*;. P rotopteridae Mastacembelidae Cichlidae Mormyridae (viii) GUIDE TO FAMILIES Cc ntropomidac » One or more spines at rear angles of preopercie and opercie.Teeth small. Lateral line con- tinued across caudal fin or forked into 3 branches at its base. pclvic fins thozacic, jugular or absent, withi SWC,5 rays Bagridae DORSAL FIN WITH i SPINE dorsal fins narrowly AND STO 10 SOFT RAYS scparatcd Clariidae Airbreathing and Labyrinth catfishes » No spines in dorsal or anal fins. Dorsal fin with more than 25 and anal fin with more than 40 soft rays. Caudal fin roUnded. Mochokictae Gill membranes widely separated below. Can- trallowerbarbels branched, or mouth with Squeakers and Upside-down catfishes lips modified to forma sucker. underside of head gill mcmbrencs widely some barbels branched sepsaatcd below or, lips form sucker Sc hilboida Schilbeid catfishes » Dorsal fin veryshort, with sharp spine and less than 10 rays. Anal fin long. Often a small adi- pose fin. Cyprinidae Minnows and Carps L0b00 (x) Characidae origin of dorsal fin above pelvic-fin base 25 to 32 scales in lateral line Mastacembelidae scales small Spiny eels spines in front of dorsal fin tentacle on snout no pelvic fins fins continuous I iiround tail body snake-like Mormyrjdae eye embedded, no spinc no border in fins Elephantfishes head smooth,
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