Postoj Britskej Vlády K Československému Exilu V Rokoch 1940-1942 Diplomová Práca

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Postoj Britskej Vlády K Československému Exilu V Rokoch 1940-1942 Diplomová Práca MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH STUDIÍ Katedra mezinárodních vztahů a evropských studií Mezinárodní vztahy Postoj britskej vlády k československému exilu v rokoch 1940-1942 Diplomová práca Bc. Klára Glittová Vedúci práce: PhDr. Vladimír Černý, Ph.D. UČO: 414947 Odbor: Mezinárodní vztahy Imatrikulačný ročník: 2016 Brno, 2017 Čestné prehlásenie Prehlasujem, že som diplomovú prácu Postoj britskej vlády k československému exilu v rokoch 1940-1942 vypracovala samostatne, s použitím prameňov a literatúry uvedených v zozname zdrojov. V Brne dňa Klára Glittová ........................................................... ........................................................... 2 Poďakovanie Týmto by som sa rada poďakovala PhDr. Vladimírovi Černému, Ph.D. za cenné rady, čas a trpezlivosť venované vedeniu tejto diplomovej práce. 3 Anotácia Predkladaná diplomová práca sa zaoberá postojom britskej vlády k československému exilu v rokoch 1940 až 1942. Na základe analýzy hlavných aktérov, ich správania a cieľov, spoločne s posúdením medzinárodnoprávneho postavenia československého exilu a vývojom udalostí v sledovanom období, definuje hlavné faktory ovplyvňujúce postoj britskej vlády. V závere predstavuje reflexiu československého exilu v britskej dobovej tlači. Annotation This thesis deals with the attitude of the British government towards the Czechoslovak Exile Government in the years 1940-1942. Based on the analysis of main actors, their behaviour and aims, together with the evaluation of international status of Czechoslovak Exile and development of situation at this period, it focuses on defining main factors influencing decisions of the British government. In the conclusion, the author introduces perception of Czechoslovak exile in the British contemporary newspapers. 4 Obsah 1. Úvod .................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Vymedzenie a cieľ práce ............................................................................................................. 8 1.2 Metodológia ................................................................................................................................ 11 2. Československý exil ......................................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Stručný vývoj československého zahraničného odboja po jeho dočasné uznanie ............... 13 2.2 Hlavné výnimky britského uznania ......................................................................................... 16 2.3 Zloženie a hlavní aktéri ............................................................................................................. 17 2.4 Ciele ............................................................................................................................................ 19 3. Veľká Británia ................................................................................................................................. 21 3.1 Britská vláda, kabinet a kontakty s československými zástupcami ...................................... 21 3.1.1 Churchillova vláda a kabinet ............................................................................................... 21 3.1.2 Kontakty s predstaviteľmi československého exilu ............................................................... 22 3.2 Ministerstvo zahraničných vecí a odbor Stred ....................................................................... 24 3.2.1 Charakteristika odboru a jeho agendy ................................................................................. 24 3.2.2 Prístup k československým záležitostiam .............................................................................. 25 4. Československo-britské spojenectvo .............................................................................................. 27 4.1 Výhody spojenectva z hľadiska Veľkej Británie .................................................................... 27 4.1.1 Československá armáda ....................................................................................................... 27 4.1.2 Československá spravodajská služba ................................................................................... 29 4.2 Medzinárodnoprávne postavenie dočasnej československej vlády a prístup Británie k ostatným exilovým vládam v Londýne ....................................................................................... 29 4.2.1 Pohľad československého exilu na dočasný štatút ............................................................... 29 4.2.2 Britské odôvodnenie dočasného štatútu a jeho nedostatky v porovnaní s ostatnými exilovými vládami .......................................................................................................................................... 30 5. Vývoj udalostí v prvom roku existencie dočasnej československej vlády .................................. 34 5.1 Koniec roka 1940 ....................................................................................................................... 34 5.1.1. Rozhlasové prejavy do Protektorátu v podaní Beneša a Churchilla ................................... 34 5.1.2 Uzavretie spojeneckých zmlúv .............................................................................................. 38 5.2 Udalosti do júna 1941 ................................................................................................................ 39 5.2.1 Prvotné stretnutia s Edenom ................................................................................................ 39 5.2.2 Churchillova návšteva v Leamington Spa ako nový impulz pre jednania ............................ 40 5.2.3 Preťahovanie rokovaní a nové problémy ............................................................................. 43 5.3 Záverečná fáza rokovaní ........................................................................................................... 45 5.3.1 Vstup Sovietskeho zväzu do vojny a jednania s Majským ..................................................... 45 5 5.3.2 Posuny britského postoja ...................................................................................................... 47 5.3.3 Plné uznanie československej exilovej vlády ........................................................................ 48 6. Vývoj udalostí od plného uznania československej vlády po obdobie heydrichiády ................. 52 6.1 Udalosti do decembra 1941 ...................................................................................................... 52 6.1.1 Situácia v exile ...................................................................................................................... 52 6.1.2 Situácia v Protektoráte ......................................................................................................... 56 6.1.3 Vyhlásenie vojnového stavu .................................................................................................. 58 6.2 Bezvýchodiskové jednania v januári až máji 1942 ................................................................. 59 6.2.1 Január ................................................................................................................................... 59 6.2.2 Február ................................................................................................................................. 60 6.2.3 Marec ................................................................................................................................... 61 6.2.4 Apríl ...................................................................................................................................... 62 6.2.5 Máj ....................................................................................................................................... 63 6.3 Jún 1942 ..................................................................................................................................... 63 6.3.1 Atentát a nacistické represie ................................................................................................ 63 6.3.2 Sovietsky vplyv ...................................................................................................................... 67 6.3.3 Júnové jednania .................................................................................................................... 67 7. Faktory ovplyvňujúce prístup britskej vlády ............................................................................... 70 7.1 Medzinárodná politika a vývoj vojnových udalostí ............................................................... 70 7.2 Medzinárodnoprávne postavenie československého exilu ..................................................... 72 7.3 Relevancia československých záležitostí a absencia politického vedenia ............................. 72 7.4 Osobnosti .................................................................................................................................... 73 7.5 Verejná mienka.......................................................................................................................... 76 8. Reflexia československého exilu na stránkach britskej tlače....................................................... 77 8.1 Československé osobnosti a vyjadrenia Churchilla ................................................................ 78 8.2 Pamätné dni ..............................................................................................................................
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