VOLUME 33 JANUARY 2005 NUMBER 1
ASA Is 100 Years Old This is the first of a series of articles commemorating ASA’s attic,” so to speak, and have rummaged planning and development. After all, as centennial year. around the archives—locating the Hillsman states, “Sociologists do under- “skeletons in the closet” and the histori- stand the significance of any organization cal “ASA baby photos”—from ASA’s being adaptive enough to survive for 100 100th anniversary of ASA’s founding. past 100 years of history. They plan to years, and the leadership and many The beginning of a new year is often This year will be the occasion for share it all with the membership during members are fully engaged in helping us a time of reflection and brings the celebrations and other commemorations this year. It’s a lot of material, though document and exhibit our historical promise of renewal. For members of the of this historic milestone. admittedly, and thankfully, not everything legacy in 2005.” Association and for sociology in general, ASA staff and historically minded will be shared. But much of it will find a however, 2005 has a very special and members recently ascended to “ASA’s home eventually on ASA’s homepage Activities & Meeting significant meaning because it marks the focused on the ASA The Association plans an exciting year centennial, which will be of activities and events in honor of the unveiled in early 2005. Association’s centennial. Publications “Sociologists, we’ve highlighting the Association and Reflecting on ASA’s learned in these last few sociology’s past, an enhanced ASA Centennial Year, 2005 years, are not an organiza- website featuring historical records, tionally sentimental lot,” information on a fall Capitol Hill commented ASA Execu- reception, the ASA Centennial Store on At this time 100 years ago . . . at about tive Officer Sally Hillsman the ASA website at
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2 JANUARY 2005 FOOTNOTES
The Executive Officer’s Column In This Issue . . . On Being 100 It is a once-in-a-century privilege to be the ASA Executive in office at an historic moment—the 100th anniversary of this organization. For 100 years, the Association has stood for the scientific study of, and application of knowledge to, social Lipset Lecture on organization and institutions. As a learned society and profes- sional association, the ASA has helped build and support a Democracy membership and a discipline that has contributed richly to our society and our world through its scholarship and in intellec- National Endowment for Democracy tual collaboration (and creative tension) with sister disciplines’ names prestigious lectureship after studying behavior, culture, and society through the economic, political, psychologi- Seymour Martin Lipset. cal, cognitive, and natural sciences. As tempting as it is to offer my own views, as a 3 member of this Association for almost 40 years, of where our discipline is, I will leave it to the many other sociologists and colleagues who will gather in Philadelphia in BAs and Beyond August at the ASA 100th Annual Meeting to rise vigorously to the challenge of ASA’s newest research project sets President Troy Duster’s theme—Comparative Perspectives, Competing Explanations: Accounting for the Rising and Declining Significance of Sociology—to explore these out to study what recent graduates issues. do with a bachelor’s degree in During our centenary, however, the Association itself will contribute to this sociology. intellectual dialogue to complement the Annual Meeting. We have supported a major 4 ASA volume on American sociology, edited by Craig Calhoun (to be discussed at the Philadelphia meeting), and we have lent encouragement to a volume on diverse perspectives on American sociology, Early Exposure to the contributed by the ASA’s History of Sociology Section. We have commis- “Sociological sioned a sequel to L.J. Rhoades’ History of the American Sociological Association: Imagination” 1905-1980, focusing on 1981-2004. And Sociologists are building not to be dubbed entirely humorless 4 relationships between high schools about ourselves, to commemorate our advanced age we have published The and sociology departments. Sociologists’ Book of Cartoons in collaboration with The New Yorker and its 80-year-old collection of socially pointed humor. While our association’s longevity may be reason enough to celebrate, I can say NSF Grants Enrich Social without risk of contradiction that we sociologists welcome any opportunity to throw Research a smashing party! In addition to the Annual Meeting, in the fall of 2005 we will also throw an ASA birthday party on Capitol Hill to remind elected and appointed The National Science Foundation representatives of the people how sociology matters. awarded $5.5 million to sociologists Visit ASA’s website
National Lecture Named for Lipset WASHINGTON, DC, DECEMBER 6, 2004 — A PUBLIC AFFAIRS UPDATE new national forum for discourse on democracy and its progress worldwide, The Seymour Martin Lipset Lecture on Democracy in the World, was inaugurated ✔ U.S. Treasury Department eases restrictions on publishers . . . . In a victory today in honor of Seymour Martin for American publishers, the U.S. Treasury Department ruled that trade em- Lipset. The lecture series is a joint bargoes do not restrict scholarly publishing. This ruling from the U.S. Treasury endeavor by The National Endowment Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), which monitors and for Democracy (NED) and the Munke enforces federal regulations regarding trade embargoes with nations the U.S. Center for International Studies at the government holds in disfavor, is considered a major victory to academic and University of Toronto. The new forum professional publishers. It allows such activities as substantive editing, pay- was launched with a formal dinner of ment of royalties, adding photographs, and collaborating with authors in em- world dignitaries, followed by the first bargoed countries. While OFAC continues to prohibit transactions with the lecture in the series and a reception at governments of Cuba, Iran, and Sudan, the recent ruling specifies that the re- the Embassy of Canada. Sociologist Photography Mattox photo by strictions do not apply to the countries’ “academic and research institutions Fernando Henrique Cardoso, the former Sociologist and former Brazilian President and their personnel.” The ruling follows the filing of lawsuits against Treasury two-term Brazilian president, delivered Fernando Henrique Cardoso delivers by publishing groups such as the Association of American Publishers and an this first speech. inaugural Seymour Martin Lipset Lecture. Iranian winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. The publishers argued that the OFAC Lipset, a former ASA President, was regulations violated the First Amendment. Prior to this ruling, violators of the also awarded the NED Democracy trade embargo faced fines of up to $1 million and jail terms of as much as 10 Service Medal. This award was first given to former Polish President Lech Walesa and to years, leading some scientific publishers to back away from authors in embar- AFL-CIO President Lane Kirkland. NED President Carl Gershman presented the award to goed countries. Since July 2004, the American Sociological Association has been Lipset’s wife, Sydnee Guyer, at a ceremony preceding the Lipset lecture, as Lipset was engaged with publishers to help bring a reversal of this ill-founded policy. unable to attend the lecture due to a debilitating stroke. ASA Executive Officer Sally Hillsman was among representatives of science “Marty Lipset’s scholarship on themes like the conditions for democracy, political publishers in July who met with the head of the OFAC to express concerns parties, voting behavior, and public opinion constitutes one of the most prolific and about and try to reverse the “publishing with disfavored nations” policy (see insightful bodies of work on democracy ever produced by a single author,” said NED April 2004 Footnotes, p. 2). A copy of the rule is available at
What Can You Do With a Sociology BA? Bringing Sociology Into Our High Schools Departments are invited to participate in an ASA survey Through Student-to-student Outreach The first in a five-part series of articles. by Roberta Spalter-Roth, Research and committee refined the survey. Committee Development Department members who teach research methods by Victoria Hougham, Academic and good way to introduce students to the classes pre-tested it with their students in Professional Affairs Program discipline early.” Sociology students, their parents, order to refine items’ usefulness, identify For more information about the and the public have long asked, “What potential privacy issues that could affect Increasingly sociologists are Temple University program, contact can you do with a bachelor’s degree in responses, improve question construc- realizing the importance of sociology Kimberly Goyette at kgoyette sociology?” and in response, over the last tion, and add additional items. gaining a more visible presence in the @temple.edu. 25 years, the American Sociological secondary school curriculum. Early Association (ASA) has developed Sample Selection exposure to the “sociological imagina- University of Rhode Island publications for undergraduate majors The ASA Research and Development tion” benefits both the high school Similar to Temple University, the that give advice on assessing skills, doing Department will randomly select 20 PhD- students and the discipline as a whole, University of Rhode Island has a student- a job search, and potential career paths. granting departments, 20 master’s potentially leading more students to to-student outreach program based on an Despite efforts to provide early career degree-granting departments, and 40 pursue sociology as a major in college. undergraduate course, “Field Experience information, ASA has never had national bachelor’s degree-granting departments Particularly when a university draws its in Sociology: Bringing Sociology to information about what sociology majors from among all departments granting a student body from a given region, or has Middle and High School Students.” The actually do after graduation. bachelor’s degree in sociology. This a mission to serve that region, teaching course is taught by Helen Mederer, To provide this information, ASA’s sample will represent the share of sociology in the high school yields many course creator and Chair of the depart- Research and Development Department graduating seniors from each type of benefits. ment. Pairs of is directing a three- institution of One approach for Increasingly sociologists are students in this wave longitudinal higher education. some departments to upper-level course survey. It will ask This national survey will tell us enhance sociology’s realizing the importance of We will ask chairs sociology gaining a more vis- give sociological questions of majors at not only what jobs new gradu- of these depart- visibility is to engage presentations in five three points in time: ates could pursue, but which ments if they are undergraduate and ible presence in the secondary local high schools; (1) in their senior ones they are already pursuing. interested in graduate sociology school curriculum. Early expo- each school is year of college, (2) participating in students in making sure to the “sociological imagi- chosen to represent one year after — Sally T. Hillsman the study and if presentations and nation” benefits both the high a different socioeco- graduation, and (3) they will be able to conducting workshops school students and the disci- nomic level and two years after graduation. The Sociol- provide us with a list of senior majors in high schools. This pline as a whole. . . . racial/ethnic group. ogy Program of the National Science and their e-mail contacts within a few approach allows The program was Foundation (NSF) has provided support weeks (in some cases they will require university students to gain valuable developed out of collective faculty for this study. The first wave of the approval from their own campus IRBs). experience as novice teachers, serve (and frustration about the late discovery of survey will be fielded in spring 2005, and If a chair of a randomly selected depart- learn about) their community, and assist sociology among their students. “We all initial results will be available in August ment declines to participate, we will high school teachers, particularly with have heard many students, (mostly 2005. substitute another school of the same topics on which the teachers are less psychology majors) tell us that if they’d “This national survey will tell us not type from a list of volunteer depart- familiar. Two such experiments are only known what sociology was before only what jobs new graduates could ments. happening at Temple University and the coming to college or declaring a major pursue, but which ones they are already University of Rhode Island. Each has they would have become sociology pursuing,” said ASA Executive Officer Data Collection some, but minimal funding, and each majors,” explained Mederer. “We realized Sally T. Hillsman in describing the depends on a faculty member as coordi- Senior sociology majors in the selected that we could do something about this.” importance of the new survey. “It will nator. departments will be invited to partici- The Rhode Island program has four tell us not only what skills are valuable pate. They will be provided with a main goals: First, it aims to enhance for the job market or for post-secondary Temple University consent form to sign as part of the online undergraduate ability to collect, organize, education, but also what skills and survey, if they decide to participate. The For more than two years, graduate and present sociological knowledge in a concepts students report learning, how aggregated results of this survey will be student volunteers at Temple University non-university setting. Second, it seeks to they participated in the sociological issued to sociology department chairs in Philadelphia have conducted work- introduce a sociological perspective to community, and how these skills and and majors in a variety of formats, shops discussing racial issues from a middle and high school students. The experiences affected their early career including customized tables. These data sociological perspective in local high program’s third goal is to demystify paths, including the pursuit of will be useful in efforts to improve schools. These workshops have varied in higher education for young people in postsecondary education.” department curriculum, activities, format and have middle and high The ASA sub-contracted with the services, and public views of the disci- included free-flowing For more than two years, gradu- school by familiar- Indiana University Center for Survey pline. discussions, question- ate student volunteers at Temple izing them with Research (CSR) to work with ASA to and-answer sessions, a University in Philadelphia have university stu- conduct the survey and provide the ASA Help Needed formal presentation on conducted workshops discuss- dents, faculty, and with the results for analysis. A committee the sociological the sociological As of December 2004 we began ing racial issues from a socio- of current and former chairs of sociology perspective followed subject matter. building a pool of volunteer departments departments volunteered to advise ASA by questions and logical perspective in local high Finally, the interested in participating in the study. on all phases of the project. Advisory answers, and small- schools. program aspires to These departments will serve as substi- Committee members include Sharon group discussions. “improve the tutes, in the event that any of the Barnartt, Gallaudet College; Issac Temple’s program has been well quality and delivery of [their] own randomly Eberstein, Florida received, according to Kimberly Goyette, sociology program.” selected State University; sociology professor and director of the The University of Rhode Island has The ASA Research and Development departments Louis Hicks, St. program. “Both the high school students found student-to-student outreach in Department will randomly select 20 are unable or Mary’s College, and the teacher[s] who participated their local high schools to be a valuable PhD-granting departments, 20 decline to Maryland; Gregory reported enjoying and learning much experience for everyone involved. participate. Hooks, Washington master’s degree-granting depart- from the frank discussions about race Mederer noted, “I think sociology is Not all State University; ments, and 40 bachelor’s degree- that the graduate students led,” ex- natural for younger adolescents—they’re substitute John Kennedy, granting departments from among all plained Goyette. “They reported that all about peer relationships and group departments Indiana University; departments granting a bachelor’s these issues were rarely addressed in the memberships, and are very keen observ- will need to Mary S. Senter, degree in sociology. . . . high school curriculum, and they ers of their environment. It attracts more participate. Central Michigan appreciated the opportunity.” students to sociology before they take a Volunteers will University; Ronnie Steinberg, Vanderbilt Additionally, graduate students course by chance in college.” need to provide a list of students University; Pamela Stone, CUNY-Hunter reported that they, too, benefited from For more information about the majoring in sociology and indicate College; and Jan Thomas, Kenyon the event by helping them think about University of Rhode Island program, whether they need or can obtain IRB College. their own research in “lay people’s” contact Helen Mederer at approval for this project. Survey materi- terms, which in turn can facilitate their [email protected]. ❑ als (including the questionnaire, the The Senior Survey future efforts to inform the public about survey protocol, a list of advisory The senior-year survey asks seniors the sociological perspective and findings. committee members, and a list of why they chose sociology as a major, Supported by the ASA’s Teaching departments that have volunteered) can what skills and concepts they learned, Enhancement Fund, these workshops be found on the research website at what activities they participated in, and provide a new understanding of issues
Centennial, from page 1 ASA Welcomes New Staff
work planning the centennial events for the ASA in 2005 and Beyond,” which was by Carla B. Howery, Academic and well-informed view of the field of the Philadelphia meeting, a historically designed to generate discussion and Professional Affairs Program sociology. appropriate location for our 100th ideas for a centennial event featuring an Jessica, a meeting. The Annual Meeting Program ISA component. Two new program assistants have graduate from will focus on the past, present, and In addition to these Council activities, joined the ASA Executive Office staff. Marymount future of the discipline of sociology, the a range of other centennial projects and Victoria Hougham and Jessica Spickard University in ASA, and other aligned organizations activities are in development. The ASA were hired in July, in time to work with Arlington, VA, within the context of social and historical journal Teaching Sociology will publish a their predecessors and then become has lived in the events of the past century. Watch future special issue to mark this centenary. The immediately and completely immersed Washington, Footnotes and the ASA website for news Section on History of Sociology is also in the 2004 ASA Annual Meeting. After DC, area for on developments of special centennial- preparing a book on Diverse Histories of that “trial by fire,” they returned to the some time. She focused or thematic sessions. American Sociology, which will be issued Executive Office where they assist with has consider- ASA President Troy Duster has chosen as an ASA publication. Many other the Academic and Professional Affairs able back- Jessica Spickard “Comparative Perspectives, Competing publications (e.g., Rose Series) and new Program and Governance Department, ground in Explanations” as the overarching theme publications as well as centennial- respectively. international studies and in history. At for the 100th Annual Meeting. The theme inspired bibliographies will be posted as Victoria Marymount, she worked in the office of is conceptualized as being broad enough well. succeeds Jean Student Activities and in the Conference “to address a wide historical sweep, and In addition, the Executive Office has Beaman who Center. Now she uses those skills to yet have sufficient focus to provide a undertaken a wide variety of initiatives entered the work with ASA sections, committees, framework in which to address key to mark the centennial. For example, it graduate task forces, and the awards program. aspects of the social history of the has made a number of ASA history- sociology Victoria graduated from Kenyon discipline—its contemporary situation related informational documents (e.g., program at College in Gambier, OH, and her studies and its potential future development.” A about the annual meetings) and photos Northwestern there included a term in Scotland and reflection on the “rising and declining of past ASA presidents on the ASA University; one in Spain. As secretary and alumni significance of sociology” over the past website. The 1981 History of the American Jessica follows relations chair for her sorority, she century from a perspective of compara- Sociological Association by Lawrence Erin Higgins, learned a great deal about record keeping tive analysis and with competing Rhoades, available on the homepage for Victoria Hougham who attends the and good communications. As the explanations promises to generate a more than a year, will be followed on the University of program assistant for Academic and program with presentations and events website by a second volume covering the North Carolina-Chapel Hill in public Professional Affairs, Victoria works with that are lively, interesting, and valuable history of ASA since 1981. This text is administration. Over the last decade, all the teaching and career materials, contributions to the discipline. being prepared by Katherine J. Rosich ASA has chosen to hire BA-graduates as with chairs and departments, and and will be published only on the program assistants. Each is asked to students. She was poised to be part of the Publications website (in both pdf and html formats), make a commitment of at least two years ASA Honors Program at the 2004 Annual The ASA Council has been planning along with appendices containing at ASA. Some program assistants then Meeting but started this position instead. centennial events and publications for information and data on the Association. leave ASA to pursue graduate studies. Both her parents are sociologists, so even several years. In February 2001, Council The text of these volumes on the history, Having program assistants with training her visits home to New Jersey for the members discussed at length some ideas as well as selected source documents in sociology is a definite advantage for holidays didn’t allow her to get away to mark its 100th anniversary. As early as compiled for the analysis on the history ASA. And the assistants who go on to from sociological conversations! ❑ December 2000, the Committee on since 1981, will be made available on CD. graduate school usually do so with a Welcome Victoria and Jessica! Publications formed a subcommittee to Funny Things Happened On the Way to generate ideas about special publications the Centennial webpage is unveiled early this year. sociology’s past and its contributions to for the centennial, including special society and to policymaking. issues of journals, and literature reviews. In December 2004, ASA released a Timeline ASA commissioned a new logo for the Two centennial subcommittees of published volume (in collaboration with A timeline of important events in the Centennial, which is being used exten- Council were appointed in January 2002 CartoonBank.com) containing nearly 90 Association and sociology’s history is sively in marketing the Centennial. The to focus on intellectual history and on cartoons about or of interest to sociolo- being designed and will be featured on Centennial logo appears on special outreach, publications, and public gists. The hardcover book, titled The large banners to be displayed in a commemorative postage stamps, and on events. Sociologist’s Book of Cartoons, was prominent place at the Annual Meeting. a variety of special products and memo- The Council Subcommittee on compiled from the past 80 years of The This timeline will also be depicted on the rabilia (e.g., mugs, totebags, baseball Intellectual History, under the direction New Yorker magazine’s cartoon database website. The content for the banners is caps, mousepads, t-shirts, and of Craig Calhoun, is nearing completion and is available for purchase on the ASA currently being researched and finalized. sweatshirts, buttons, and infantwear) of an edited volume to be titled History of website. The hardcover volume is The banners will be created on materials available for purchase from the Centen- American Sociology. An outstanding group branded with ASA’s new centennial logo that can be shipped easily so that they nial Store on the website. of sociologists with diverse backgrounds, and the ASA name, and it includes a can serve as instructional and resource A range of other ideas is still percolat- from various subdisciplines and intellec- special cover cartoon commissioned materials on sociology in other venues ing as members give consideration to tual orientations, was invited to contrib- specifically for this publication. With an th beyond the Annual Meeting. celebrating ASA’s 100 birthday. Some of ute articles to this volume. An advisory introduction by ASA President Troy these ideas include sponsoring special committee was appointed for the project; Duster, CartoonBank.com, a subsidiary Mother of All Birthdays lectures (e.g., see article in February 2005 the committee included Andrew Abbott of The New Yorker magazine, produced Footnotes on a new Sorokin lecture series) (University of Chicago), Troy Duster the book. ASA’s “Centennial Store”at A reception on Capitol Hill, focusing or programs in high schools, producing (New York University and then-Presi-
PUBLIC SOCIOLOGY RC6 activities underway at the GCP-Tsukuba office include an extensive literature Sociology translates to public action . . . review on urban and regional development typologies and indicators of sustainable This occasional column highlights sociologists who successfully engage sociology in development; an inventory of community development and carbon cycle case studies; the civic arena in service to organizations and communities. Over the years, members and a comparison of efforts to model the carbon-human-climate cycle. We also of ASA and sociologists as individual professionals and citizens have sought to make promote locale-based carbon cycle science and decarbonization action networks the knowledge we generate directly relevant to our communities, countries, and the through didactic seminars, symposia, and workshops. We actively link our activities world community. Many sociologists within the academy and in other sectors practice with the emerging earth system science community in Japan and around the world. the translation of expert knowledge to numerous critical issues through consultation, How Did I Get Here? advisement, testimony, commentary, writing, and participation in a variety of activities and venues. Readers are invited to submit contributions, but consult with Managing My career as an environmental sociologist hardly has been linear since there was Editor Lee Herring ([email protected], 202-383-9005 x320) prior to submitting your not an established track in environmental sociology when I was training. Instead, as I draft (1,000 to 1,200 words maximum). look back, serendipity and biography resulted in this identity. As biographical back- ground, I’ll count an intellectual interest in communities (having lived in very many as the first daughter of a Marine Corps fighter pilot family), an abiding concern over social stratification (Catholic education), a social problem perspective on energy and natural resources (the so-called “first U.S. energy crisis” in the 1970s occurred when I The Global Carbon Project was in graduate school), and a love of the law (the first PhD/JD student at the Univer- sity of Denver, an emerging leader in socio-legal studies). An environmental sociologist researches the junction be- After a disastrous, very bruising experience as a faculty member of the University of tween carbon load and civilization Virginia and the Middletown Revisit in Muncie, I moved to the University of Hawaii where I found land use and resource extraction conflicts galore. I jumped in. It was by Penelope Canan, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan there that I conducted a number of “social impact assessments” of geothermal energy, public transportation, airport facility siting, land use change, and public utility rate I have a great job. I have the privilege during a two-year leave of absence (from structures. In a comprehensive project known as the Moloka’i Data Book: Community the University of Denver) to work on fostering the inclusion of the social sciences into Values and Energy Development, I worked with Michael Hennessy, graduate students in the earth system science partnership at the Global Carbon Project (GCP), located at the the university’s Urban and Regional Planning Program, and island residents to define National Institute for Environmental Studies in Tsukuba, Japan. There, until the end of and measure the structure of community values on the island of Moloka’i and how this exciting opportunity in April 2006, I will be working on projects sponsoring they informed the choice of electricity production options. Later I helped design a collaboration across disciplinary boundaries both within and among the social and Social Impact Management System for the city and county of Honolulu. natural sciences, and, I do this on a topic of global significance: global warming and climate change. SLAPPed into Action Below I: describe the Global Carbon Project; outline how I got to this position; and In 1983 I returned to the University of Denver (where I’d received my PhD) for a invite your contribution to public environmental sociology. one-year visiting position that turned into 20 years. There, a conversation over lunch about environmental groups getting sued for participating in public decision making Global Carbon Project processes led to a 20-year collaboration with law professor George Pring on SLAPPs or The GCP was created by the International Human Dimensions of Global Change, “Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation,” that is the use of civil lawsuits to the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program, the World Climate Research Pro- silence political speech. Our book, SLAPPs: Getting Sued for Speaking Out (Temple gram, and DIVERSITAS, an international program of biodiversity science. There are University Press 1996), and our testimony before state legislatures helped lead to 23 two GCP offices: one in Canberra, Australia, which coordinates the natural science states enacting anti-SLAPP laws. observations and analyses, and one in Tsukuba, Japan, which is dedicated to bridging the social and natural sciences. The overall aim is to develop a complete picture of the Effective Regulation global carbon cycle including its biophysical and human elements together with the In 1990 I was invited to serve on the Economic Options Committee of the Technol- interactions and feedback between them. This goal requires investigation of the spatial ogy and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) of the Montreal Protocol on Substances and temporal patterns and variability in carbon pools and fluxes as well as a search that Deplete the Ozone Layer (UNEP). For the next 12 years I tackled practical and for determinants of carbon cycle dynamics and identification of opportunities for theoretical problems contributing to the Montreal Protocol’s extraordinary success in intervention. The key questions for sociologists are related to what drive fossil fuel putting in place a global regulatory regime that has been implemented effectively. I emissions and land use changes (e.g., deforestation, urbanization). served as lead author on chapters that defined the process for developing nations to To integrate the physical and social dimensions of the global carbon cycle for the qualify for phase-out project support under the Multilateral Ozone Layer Fund and purposes of effective carbon cycle management, the GCP-Tsukuba conceives of the established information needs for speedy technology transfer. In addition, with Nancy “global” as the collection of and interaction among local(e)s where social processes Reichman, I studied the TEAP as a lawmaking body and as a producer of norms. As interact with the carbon cycle in real places, as well as in social space. Geographic our book, Ozone Connections: Expert Networks in Global Environmental Governance places vary in terms of their natural endowments; climate patterns; development (Greenleaf 2002), explains, we combined participant observation with interviews and histories; cultural traditions; social and environmental values; socio-economic surveys to dissect the social system of global regulation into three intersecting net- conditions; spatio-temporal patterns of land use and land cover; industrialization; and works—policies, programs, and projects—and showed how the networks evolved location in regional, national, and global systems of place stratification. These vari- from the happenstance of initial contacts into complex working systems or regimes. ables directly impact the carbon cycle. Nancy and I received the Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award from the U.S. Environ- The questions for science include how these variations are reflected in the carbon mental Protection Agency for this public sociology. footprints of human settlements—from village to city, from mountain slope to coastal For most of the past 25 years when I described myself as an environmental sociolo- zone, from the tropics to the deserts? Are there regional constellations of communities gist, people have scratched their heads and said, “What does sociology have to do with of varying size, location, natural characteristics, and social organization that are more the environment? That’s a topic for the natural sciences.” Maybe that’s understandable, promising for a decarbonized future. given that the Environment and Technology Section of the 100-year-old American Sociological Association is about 25 years old. But one thing is certain; things have Planning for Carbon changed. Now the demand for environmental sociology has risen dramatically as The GCP is developing an Earth Systems Science framework for place-based environmental conditions have deteriorated worldwide. carbon cycle research to support future regional development decisions. We call this effort the RC6 Initiative of the GCP. RC6 stands for “Regions, Carbon, Culture, Cities, Surviving the “Anthropocene” Era Climate, Change and Consequences.” The scope of the RC6 Initiative can be under- There are so many pressing environmental issues that need the insights of sociologi- stood to include the following: cal thinking. The range is broad. Now, policymakers request sociological insight on 1. Typologies of development legacies/political economies and current carbon values and attitudes, social processes, and institutions that could be used as social footprints, change levers regarding land-use decisions and fossil fuel consumption. Business 2. Dynamic, historical, comparative, contemporary, and future orientations, leaders want to learn how to steer their companies to meet the “triple bottom line” of 3. Three spatial “shells”: sustainable development (i.e., economic prosperity, social equity, and environmental • The city as entity (e.g., administrative boarders) with a continuous array of cities quality). Natural scientists, including Nobel laureate chemist Paul Crutzen, dub this with populations greater than 500,000, era the “Anthropocene.” They note that the “human dimensions” of global change are • “Hinterland” or region (e.g., where most food, products, and labor exchanges the most powerful forces in global geophysical, biochemical, and atmospheric systems, occur), having moved the earth to an extremely hazardous condition, one without historical • Global footprint of embodied carbon fluxes; analog. Internationally powerful scientific communities have declared that a new Earth 4. Likely future carbon trajectories (i.e., footprints)—local, regional and global—and System Science—one that equally includes the social sciences—must replace the the effects of alternative development paths; blinders of disciplinary specialization in earth sciences. (See Amsterdam Declaration 5. The relationship of urban and regional carbon cultures, consumption/lifestyle 2001.) International treaties on planetary systems aim at social regimes that cover the patterns, risk perceptions, and environmental values to the carbon cycle; and protection of the stratospheric ozone layer, the warming of the earth, global climate 6. An analytical framework and methodological approaches that best suit the goal of change, and regional climate. Your talents are needed. integrated place-based carbon cycle research, including an evaluation of existing One opportunity is to participate in the GCP’s didactic seminar on Sociology and models and scenarios regarding the carbon cycle. Global Warming the day before the ASA Annual Meeting, on Friday, August 12. Attend the seminar to learn more about this important domain of public sociology. See more information about GCP at
Sociological Perspective on International Trends in Mathematics and Science Achievement
by Theodore A. Lamb and Rodger Bybee, assessed their grade level four students, for all countries. The NCLB Act is higher the poverty level, the lower the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study, and 46 countries assessed their eighth expected to focus on science education scale scores. Colorado Springs, CO graders. TIMSS 2003 data collection beginning in 2007 when states will be occurred in October-December 2002 in required to assess all students at one Research Implications The Trends in International Math- Southern Hemisphere countries and grade each in elementary (K-4), middle Sociologists are encouraged to delve ematics and Science Study (TIMSS) during March-June 2003 in Northern (5-8), and high school (9-12). Sociologists into the TIMSS reports, access the released results in December 2004 on its Hemisphere countries (Gonzales, will be interested in discovering what databases (see below), and explore latest assessment of fourth and eighth Guzman, Partelow, Pahlke, Miller, educational policies, programs, or explanations for the results. Because grade students. Formerly known as the Jocelyn, Kastberg, and Williams, 2005:2). practices changed or did not change that TIMSS is a curriculum-focused assess- “Third International Mathematics and The frameworks for TIMSS test items are produced such significant increases in ment, it suggests that different math- Science Study,” TIMSS is a multi-million- updated with each administration to scores in countries such as Singapore, ematics and science curricula may be an dollar global effort undertaken by a reflect changes in the curricula of Hong Kong, and Latvia and no change or important factor in the findings. Curricu- complex collaboration of several organi- participating countries. decreases in other countries. lum materials and the teaching approach zations and government agencies (e.g., they encourage can be dramatically Math Trends Sex and Race Differences National Science Foundation, The different in terms of effectiveness. Some International Association for the Evalua- Has the standing of U.S. students Sex differences are examined in the materials are written to encourage tion of Educational Achievement, The changed relative to other countries’ TIMSS fourth-grade mathematics and traditional approaches and some are TIMSS International Study Center at students in the eight years since the 1995 science scales. In the United States, boys written to facilitate a constructivist and Boston College, and Westat). It provides TIMSS? Table 1 shows the results for scored higher than girls (522 versus 514 inquiry orientation to teaching and reliable and timely data on the math- selected countries in average mathemat- and 538 versus 533, respectively). learning. We believe that materials ematics and science achievement of U.S. ics scores of However, many written with an inquiry approach are students and those of students in other fourth grade countries exhibit significantly more effective in teaching countries. students in 1995 TIMSS is a multi-million-dollar global no sex differ- any content area, particularly science and [Also released in December were the and in 2003. It is effort undertaken by a complex ences, or they mathematics (Bybee, 1997). It would be results of the Program for International clear that the U.S. collaboration of several organiza- show girls illuminating if researchers found that Student Assessment (PISA) on academic standing has not tions and government agencies (e.g., scoring higher U.S. students are scoring lower because literacy of 15-year-old students world- changed since National Science Foundation, The than boys. their schools use outdated curriculum wide in mathematics, science, and 1995. U.S. fourth International Association for the The TIMSS materials, which encourage traditional reading. The results offer national graders scored an Evaluation of Educational Achieve- 2003 mathemat- pedagogies. This is certainly a research- comparisons as well as comparison average of 518 in ment, The TIMSS International Study ics scale results able question that would help inform across the 41 participating countries. 2003 on the also offer decisions by states and school districts. If PISA results are not necessarily linked to Center at Boston College, and mathematics Westat). sociologists the we really plan to leave no child behind, curricula. In contrast, TIMSS is linked to scale, which was opportunity to then we have to accommodate the curricula and is focused on assessing higher than the examine race learning needs of students in all of the academic achievement levels in math and 495 average for all countries in the study. and ethnicity differences. Among U.S. educational system. science. PISA is focused more on compe- Sociologists using such findings and fourth graders, Whites scored higher For more information on the TIMSS tency in applying mathematics and science tapping into the databases themselves than Blacks or Hispanics and Hispanic 2003 results, background information, skills to real-world problem solving (see may discover why such scores have students outperformed Black students. copies of the National Center for story on p. 9 in this Footnotes).] persisted in the eight years since the first The same pattern was found in the Education Statistics (NCES) publications, TIMSS is developed and administered TIMSS. Much research and legislation, science scale results (Gonzales, 2005). and information on using TIMSS in the by the International Association for the particularly the No Child Left Behind Act The TIMSS asked questions on the classroom, access the NCES website at Evaluation of Educational Achievement (NCLB) signed by President Bush in percentage of students in the schools
Table 1. Changes in Average Mathematics Scale Scores of Fourth-grade Students, by Country: 1995 and 1 1 Table 2. Changes in Science Scale Scores of Fourth-grade Students, by Country: 1995 and 2003 2003
Country 1995 2003 Country 1995 2003 Singapore 523 ¿ 565 Hong Kong SAR 557 ¿ 575 Hong Kong SAR 508 ¿ 542 Latvia 499 ¿ 533 England 528 ¿ 540 England 484 ¿ 531 Hungary 508 ¿ 530 Cyprus 475 ¿ 510 486 530 New Zealand 469 ¿ 496 Latvia ¿
Slovenia 462 ¿ 479 New Zealand 505 ¿ 523 Singapore 590 y 594 Slovenia 464 ¿ 490 Japan 567 y 565 Cyprus 450 ¿ 480 Hungary 521 y 529 Iran, Islamic Republic of 380 ¿ 414 United States 518 y 518 United States 542 y 536 Australia 495 y 499 Netherlands 530 y 525 Scotland 493 y 490 Australia 521 y 521 Iran, Islamic Republic of 387 y 389 Japan 553 À 543 Netherlands 549 À 540 Scotland 514 À 502 Norway 476 À 451 Norway 504 À 466
Key Key ¿ 2003 average is significantly higher than 1995 average. ¿ 2003 average is significantly higher than 1995 average. y 2003 average is not measurably different from 1995 average. y 2003 average is not measurably different from 1995 average. À 2003 is significantly lower than 1995 average. À 2003 is significantly lower than 1995 average.
1. Adapted from Gonzales et al., (2005:5). 1. Adapted from Gonzales et al., (2005:13).
JANUARY 2005 FOOTNOTES 9 Analyzing Adolescent Academic Achievement Across the Globe Sociologists Selected as Presidents of Colleges Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2003 provides cross-national comparisons This past national election season from the University of Massachusetts- by Theodore A. Lamb and Molly than peers in 20 of the 28 OECD countries also witnessed two sociologists being Amherst. He has received five Horizon chosen as president—presidents of Awards and the Giles Distinguished McGarrigle, Biological Sciences Curricu- and in three of the ten non-OECD colleges, that is. It was actually more of a Advisor Award from the Phi Theta lum Study, Colorado Springs, CO countries. Students in 11 countries (four OECD and seven non-OECD) reported selection season for two colleges— Kappa International Honor Society of Norwalk Community College and two-year colleges. he Program for International lower scores compared to U.S. students in T Whitman College—who chose sociolo- Student Assessment (PISA) released its mathematics literacy (Lemke et. al, gists David Levinson and George S. Bridges most recent triennial results in December 2005:12). There are six levels of profi- Bridges, respectively, to preside as 2004 on academic literacy across the globe ciency on the PISA tests, with “6” being Bridges, who will presidents of their institutions. of more than 250,000 15-year-old students the highest and “1” the lowest. Figure 1 begin his new This summer, Levinson, formerly the in mathematics, science, and reading. The displays the percentage distribution of 15- position July 2005, Academic Vice President at the Bergen results offer national comparisons as well year-old students’ scores in the OECD was a professor of Community College, was selected to as comparison across the 41 participating countries compared to the U.S. percentage sociology at the serve as the next President of Norwalk countries. distribution at the six proficiency levels University of Community College (NCC) in Norwalk, Sociologists in education Washington from CT, by the Board of Trustees for the as well as a variety of other 1982 to 1998 when he Connecticut Community Colleges. A few specialty areas likely will was appointed months later, Bridges, Dean and Vice find the results informative. Associate Dean of Provost of Undergraduate Education at George S. Bridges PISA results are of particu- Undergraduate the University of Washington, was lar interest to sociologists Education. He has served as Vice Provost selected as President of Whitman College because they are not of Undergraduate Education since 2002. in Walla Walla, WA, by its Board of necessarily linked to In this role, he administers the Office of Trustees. curricula, unlink the results Undergraduate Education and all of its constituent offices and programs. Bridges of the Trends in Interna- Levinson tional Mathematics and also helped develop the University of Science Study (TIMSS) (see story on p. 8 (OECD, 2005). NCC is a small, Washington’s Teaching Academy, a in this Footnotes), which was also released The PISA also assesses problem 5,000-student college collection of programs that promote in December. PISA is focused more on solving, where problem solving is defined providing a broad excellence in teaching as well as the competency in applying mathematics and as “an individual’s capacity to use range of credit and integration of education and scholarly science skills to real-world problem cognitive processes to confront and non-credit liberal arts, activities of faculty, staff, and students. solving, while TIMSS is focused on resolve real, cross-disciplinary situations science, career, Bridges earned a bachelor’s degree, assessing academic achievement levels in in which the solution is not immediately technical, associate cum laude, in sociology, from the math and science. obvious, and where literacy domains or degree and certifica- University of Washington in 1972, and PISA assesses reading, math, and curricular areas that might be applicable David Levinson tion programs leading his master’s and doctoral degrees from science on a three-year cycle, with each of are not within a single domain of math- to transfer, employ- the University of Pennsylvania in 1973 the three areas being emphasized every ematics, science, or reading.” There are ment, and lifelong learning. Whitman and 1979, respectively. In addition to his third administration. In the first adminis- three levels of proficiency in problem College, a private institution supported various teaching positions, he also served tration in 2000, reading was emphasized, solving, with “3” being the highest and by an endowment and outside trust total on the staff of the Attorney General of in the most recent administration, 2003, “1” being the lowest and the mean score of about $300 million, is a liberal arts and the United States in the Office of Policy math was emphasized, and in 2006, is 500, with a standard deviation of 100. sciences school with about 1,400 stu- and Planning with the Federal Justice science will be emphasized. Along with U.S. students had an average score of 477. dents. Research Program. the assessment of these three primary U.S. students scored lower in problem At Bergen Community College, Bridges’ numerous honors and academic areas, cross-curricular compe- solving than peers in 25 of the other 38 Levinson was responsible for all credit awards include the 1995 Washington tencies in problem-solving are also countries (22 OECD and three non-OECD and non-credit instructional programs Council on Crime and Delinquency’s assessed (Lemke, et al. 2005). countries), according to Lemke, et al. for the Divisions of Arts and Humanities, Award for Outstanding Achievement by Given sociologists’ adroitness in Figure 2 compares the percentage Business, Mathematics, and Social a Scholar and a 1996 Distinguished adopting the “big view” of whatever issue distribution of OECD average proficiency Science; Science and Health; and Con- Teaching Award from the University of is before them, and because education is levels in problem solving with that of U.S. tinuing Education. Before his Bergen Washington, its highest teaching honor. such a major social institution in all students. position, he was Associate Dean and He is the author or co-author of many societies, sociologists have Associate Professor at the Massachusetts papers, book chapters, and professional focused many theories, Bay Community College. Prior to that, he presentations including his 1994 Inequal- studies, and policy initiatives was a lecturer in the Department of ity, Crime and Social Control, published on education. They have been Sociology and Anthropology at Tufts with Matha Myers. most recently motivated in the University and Assistant Professor of Much of Bridge’s research has United States by the No Child Sociology at Merrimack College in centered on the problems of racial and Left Behind Act of 2000. The Massachusetts. ethnic minorities in the juvenile justice international and national Levinson is an expert on education, system. He has received numerous results of the PISA offer stratification, and theory and recently research grants and awards over the fodder for debating this latest wrote Community Colleges: A Reference years including grants from the Depart- legislative attempt to overhaul Handbook and is a guest editor for the ment of Social and Health Services to U.S. K-12 education. World system There were no significant differences Community College Journal of Research and study the racial composition of county theorists will savor the wealth of PISA between the reading literacy scores for the Practice. Levinson received a BA from the juvenile courts and from the PEW data and results in their research. Special- United States and the average for the State University of New York-New Paltz Charitable Trusts as co-principal investi- ❑ ists in race and ethnicity will find the OECD countries. In science literacy the and earned his MA and PhD degrees gator on “Preparing Future Faculty.” results especially of interest. Social class U.S. average was 491 compared to the and stratification researchers will find OECD average of 500, a significant intriguing results from the application of difference (Lemke et al., 2005). Science occupation, was 55, which was higher References the International Socioeconomic Index literacy will be emphasized in the 2006 than all but two of the OECD countries. PISA. Ganzeboom, H.B.G., De Graaf, P., & (ISEI) in the PISA administration Within the United States, students with Treiman, D.J. (with De Leeuw, J.) Males outperformed females in most (Ganzeboom, De Graaf, and Treiman, low ISEI scores scored lower on math- (1992). A Standard International Socio- OECD and non-OECD countries. On 1992). ematical literacy than students with Economic Index of Occupational PISA is an ongoing program and is scales for mathematics literacy, there were higher ISEI scores. There are substantial Status. Social Science Research, 21(1): 1- conducted by the Organization for no measurable gender differences in differences between the counties in racial 56. Economic Cooperation and Development problem-solving in most of the countries. and ethnic group composition, thus it is Lemke, M., Sen, A., Pahlke, E., Partelow, (OECD), an intergovernmental organiza- Females outscored males on the reading not possible to fairly compare countries. L., Miller, D., Williams, T., Kastberg, D., tion of industrialized nations such as literacy test with results that were similar Within the U.S., Blacks and Hispanics & Jocelyn, L. (2005). International Germany, Japan, France, and Canada. to PISA 2000. There also were no measur- scored lower than whites, Asians, and Outcomes of Learning in Mathematics PISA also includes a non-OECD group of able differences between the sexes on students of more than one race on and Problem Solving: PISA 2003 countries such as Brazil, Latvia, and the science literacy in the United States, but mathematics literacy. Hispanic students Results from the U.S. Perspective. Russian Federation. there were patterns of difference in some outperformed Black students on math, NCES Report 2005-003. Organization for Economic Cooperation of the OECD countries. “Eleven of the 13 and these results are similar to the PISA and Development (OECD) (2005). The Score countries showed differences in favor of 2000 findings (Lemke et al., 2005). males, but in Finland and Iceland females Program for International Student On combined mathematics literacy, For more information on the PISA 2003 outperformed males” (Lemke et al., Assessment (PISA), 2003. Paris: OECD. U.S. students had an average score of 483, results, how the study was conducted, 2005:35). which is lower than the OECD average of measurement methodology, and access to Author Theodore A. Lamb can be reached The average socioeconomic index score ❑ 500 (standard deviation is 100). On databases, consult the PISA website at at [email protected]. (ISEI) for U.S. students, based on parental mathematics, U.S. students scored lower
Soaring, from page 1 key in order to retrieve their clothing. even improvement of cognitive skills. A turned increasingly to the problem of age meetings were in Boston that August, In 1979 at the age of 68, Matilda major goal should be extending the segregation and to the potential for and I was the chair of the session at embarked on a 20-year career at the healthy and productive middle years of restructuring social institutions to which she was speaking. Matilda had National Institute on Aging (NIA) of the life as far as possible into the later years achieve age integration. planned on flying from Washington to National Institutes of Health (NIH). The of life. In recognition of her contributions, Boston on the day of her afternoon NIA’s founding director, Robert N. Under Matilda’s guidance, NIA’s she received multitudinous honors and lecture. As the date approached, she Butler, and the NIH Director, Donald multidisciplinary program became a appointments. Among these were her became concerned about the weather. Frederickson, invited Matilda to establish substantial supporter of behavioral and elections as the President of the Eastern What if thunderstorms delayed or the NIA’s granting program on Social social science research and exerted a Sociological Society (1976), of the prevented her flight? She couldn’t depart and Behavioral Research (SBR) as well as disproportionate influence upon the American Sociological Association (1985- any earlier because of other commit- to guide the expansion and integration of practice of behavioral and social science 86) and of the ASA Section on Aging ments. Her solution was to pack me off these disciplines throughout the NIH. at NIH. Her vision of positive aging (1989); selection to the National Acad- before her with her lecture. (This meant During her first year at the NIA, she and inspired many innovative research emy of Sciences and the Institute of she was finished two days in advance!) Kathleen Bond (one of her former projects and attracted talented social, Medicine; membership in the Academy Not only did she provide me with the graduate students) developed and behavioral, and health scientists to the of Behavioral Medicine Research; lecture, but with instructions for dra- implemented a multidisciplinary vision study of age and aging. recipient of the ASA Section on Aging matic pauses and emphases as well as for research on aging that integrated the While guiding the NIA, she provided Distinguished Scholar Award (1988); and hand gestures to be used in describing aging of individuals into societal leadership across the NIH in her role as of the Gerontological Society of America her diagram for life course development! structures. This program emphasized the chairperson of landmark committees Distinguished Creative Contribution to This was typical Matilda. As a young influence of social structures on the lives regarding health and behavior. She was Gerontology (1990) and Kent (1992) adult of the Depression, she worried of individuals (Matilda exclaimed often, co-chair of the joint ADAMHA (Alcohol, awards; and appointment as the only about everything that could go wrong “People don’t grow up and grow old in Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Admin- ever social Scientist Emeritus at the NIH and prepared to face it. The only flaw in laboratories—they grow up and grow istration) and NIH Steering Committee (1998). In 2001 the NIH organized a her plan was I! As a child of the Mad old in changing societies.”) and the lives for the Institute of Medicine’s Project on series of lectures in her honor, titled Magazine generation, my approach was of individuals on social structures. This Health and Behavior (1979-1982) and “Soaring: An Exploration of Science and “What? Me worry?” and I didn’t practice vision extended to the biological sci- chair of the trans-NIH Working Group the Life Course.” The lectures high- the delivery of the paper. As the time of ences, for Matilda recognized the need on Health and Behavior (1982-1991). In lighted some areas in which she made her lecture approached, I began to for a biopsychosocial understanding. The these capacities she served as the senior significant contributions: age and aging, question the wisdom of Mad Magazine’s publication of this blueprint as a NIH NIH spokesperson on the behavioral and methodology, communications, and Alfred E. Newman. Five minutes to go, program announcement set the course of social sciences, encouraged coordination health and behavior. The title was drawn and no Matilda! Thankfully, she ap- NIA’s program and influences its among NIH Institutes, oversaw the from her first publication, Gliding and peared just as I was awkwardly rehears- direction even to this day. production of numerous reports to the Soaring: An Introduction to Motorless ing the gestures required to illustrate With the publication of a second Congress on behavioral research at the Flight, which she authored as “Mat cross-sectional vs. longitudinal aspects of paradigmatic program announcement, NIH, provided advice to several NIH White” with her father. The publishers cohorts and the life course. Health and Effective Functioning in the Directors, and initiated the behavioral believed in 1931 that no one would buy a Soaring is an apt metaphor for her Middle and Later Years, Matilda ex- and social sciences seminar series at the book on flying authored by a 20-year-old professional and private lives. Creativity, panded the NIH’s disease- and organ- NIH. “Matilda” and changed her name to the vision, compassion, adventure, and system-oriented worldview by introduc- While at the NIA and after her more masculine sounding “Mat.” enthusiasm hallmarked both. “Like ing the concept of effective functioning departure in 1998, Matilda continued to What was it like to work with Matilda many of us, I was ‘adopted’ by Matilda as an equally important concern. By this contribute, even in her 90s, to the on a daily basis? Here is a prototypical and feel the loss of her like the loss of a she meant that research and policy scientific literature on aging and the life experience, when she was a keynote parent” (Kathleen Bond, November 16, should also address social and psycho- course through a series of publications, speaker at the annual meeting of the 2004). ❑ logical functioning, such as the perfor- lectures, conferences, and workshops. American Psychological Association. The mance of social roles and maintenance or Over her last decade, her emphasis Colleagues Remember Part of the Executive Office Matilda White Riley course. But she also was exceptional in from the Beginning less formally recognized ways: She almost single-handedly constructed a welcoming social reality for graduate atilda White Riley had a special M students, organizing regular events like relationship with the ASA Executive brown-bag lunches. And each year, she Office. After all, she was the first ASA and Jack hosted an elegant dinner for the Executive Officer in 1949 (through 1960). ✧ ✧ ✧ new “methods” cohort. She would regale us with stories about Scientist (1991-1997), and, finally, When Matilda left for Bowdoin, I “those old days” when the membership Scientist Emeritus (1998-). She developed I often tell the story that my father, expected that our contact would attenu- files were a recipe box filled with index the blueprint for and implemented a Henry Quellmalz, always told about ate. I could not then guess that the brief cards, sitting on her family’s kitchen visionary extramural program in the Matilda. The first time he met her was in years at Rutgers were incubating a table. She would speak of Annual behavioral and social sciences. Under her her garage in 1950. She was running ASA relationship that would continue and Meetings with several hundred attend- guidance, the multidisciplinary program from the trunk of her car! She handed that was, for me, a transforming experi- ees, most of whom brought their families grew to become one of the larger funders him an issue of American Sociological ence of mentoring and colleagueship that and drove in the proverbial family of behavioral and social science research Review, and the rest is history. My would last for three decades. station wagon. The first meeting “out at the NIH, emphasizing the interplay parents, Marion and Henry, became good Passing years deepened my gratitude west” was in Denver, and the Riley between social, behavioral, and biologi- friends with Matilda and Jack. I had the to and admiration of Matilda—for her family camped along the way with the cal factors in the aging of individuals and honor of first meeting Matilda in 1981, as tough yet encouraging critiques, her Talcott Parsons family. We laughed with societies. She would call the Executive I was being groomed to become Boyd’s openness to new ideas, her disciplined her about the possible camp songs that Office and give us advice, sometimes president. She was so warm, friendly, consistency in applying the aging and would come from that grouping! pointed, about how to support and and very supportive. She loved the fact society paradigm, her awesome wis- Because Matilda and Jack lived in advance social science research under that a woman was taking over. The dom—informed by a unique knowledge Washington, DC, for many years, they less than hospitable U.S. presidential world of sociology has lost a great leader of both people and organizations, within were frequent visitors to the office. They administrations. and an even greater person. Matilda will and beyond sociology. Matilda had were co-Presidents of the District of Matilda and Jack showed a keen be missed by everyone who was fortu- worked for Sorokin in the 1930s, and Columbia Sociological Society and interest in the Executive Office staff and nate enough to have her touch their life. counted the likes of Parsons and Merton focused their monthly programs on certainly were dear friends to us. Earlier Jane Quellmalz Carey, President & CEO, among her close friends, yet in her 90s sociological couples. Matilda became this year, we—the “old timers” still on Boyd Printing Company, Inc. she was still keenly interested in and ASA President in 1986 and that role only staff from her presidential year—enjoyed ✧ ✧ ✧ supportive of innumerable young social intensified her contact with ASA. She Matilda’s enthusiastic e-mails about her scientists. Perhaps it is not surprising crafted an ambitious program, which plans to help ASA celebrate its centennial My relationship with Matilda began that a membership composed largely of included a restructuring of open submis- in Philadelphia. It is hard to believe she with two important experiences—serving the latter voted this past year to rename sion processes that remains in effect to and Jack are gone, and what a void that as TA for her methods course during her the Aging and the Life Course Section’s this day and reached out widely to the brings to us, both personally and final year of teaching at Rutgers, and Distinguished Scholar Award, the scientific community. professionally. being part of her first Sociology of Age Matilda White Riley Distinguished At the National Institute on Aging seminar. She was a foundational pillar of Carla B. Howery, Karen Gray Edwards, Scholar Award. (NIA), she was founding Associate Rutgers sociology, legendary for her Janet L. Astner, American Sociological Matilda’s seemingly straightforward Director for Behavioral and Social demanding and sophisticated methods Association aging and society paradigm is deceptively Research (1979-1991), Senior Social JANUARY 2005 FOOTNOTES 11 Colleagues Remember Matilda White Riley sophisticated. Known for its articulation students, friends, and colleagues fre- who showed such dedication to her ✧ ✧ ✧ of cohort flow and social change, it also quently. One memory I have is of a teaching. Most of all, Matilda was able to My personal and professional life has made the unique contribution—still not weekend that my husband and I spent at communicate her love for sociological been enriched dramatically by my well understood—of explicating age as a their Mere Point home in Maine. In research, turning her students into eager interactions with Matilda White Riley. I feature of social structure with destruc- addition to enjoying swimming, boating, apprentices. I’ve never seen a more had the honor of working closely with tive normative power over individual and walks, my most vivid recollection is inspirational teacher. Matilda starting in the 1980s when she lives. More soundly than some who have of being taught to eat lobster the “Maine” Her enthusiasm ensnared her col- directed the Behavioral and Social written in trendier sociological jargons, way. leagues as well. I was a typical example. Research Program at NIA. Matilda was Matilda thereby laid the foundation for a Over the years Matilda and I ex- The last thing I could have predicted, as on her fifth-plus career, and I was just critical analysis that recognizes both changed early drafts of work in progress. a new anthropology PhD who had just embarking on my first aging career. I social structure and ideology (“the power Just this last year she sent sections of a finished a dissertation on Italian politics recall being in total awe of the aging facts of ideas,” in her words) as undue truly sociological memoir, The Joint Lives and religion, was that within a year I and theories Matilda had at her com- constraints on the human possibilities of of a Sociological Dyad, John and Matilda would be immersed in a large project on mand—and wondering how I’d ever living and aging productively. Riley 1926-2002. Matilda pursued her age stratification. But Matilda’s powerful master all the knowledge needed to be Of course, Matilda herself was an calling to the end. intellectual example and her eagerness to successful in my new program adminis- exemplar of those possibilities in so nurture a young colleague conspired to Anne Foner, Rutgers University trator role. Even after I became more many ways, from her physical rigor lure me into her Russell Sage Foundation ✧ ✧ ✧ familiar with key literature in the aging (taller colleagues found it taxing to keep working group. It was an experience that field, I remained in awe of Matilda— up with her walking pace; young male Matilda White Riley has been my role had major consequences for the course of recognizing that it was her vision that protégés could not match her zest for model, colleague, and, ultimately, my subsequent career. created a new way of viewing aging swimming in Maine’s shoreline waters) cherished friend for more than half of my The lessons I learned from Matilda are processes and structures. to her gift of generating useful new ideas life. I was 23 when I knew that the study too numerous to list here. But among Matilda taught me many things. I’d and insights; her knack for bringing of aging and human development would them surely is the example she set with like to highlight just a few. It was a people together, creating new be my life’s work. Before entering Jack Riley. It was on Jack’s retirement blessing to have a role model like colleagueship; and her ability to tran- graduate school, I asked my undergradu- that the two of them decided to make the Matilda—to see first hand the potential scend the “normative power” of age ate mentors how to best prepare for a move back to the coast of Maine, and of successful aging. While there might be segregation. She engaged with teenagers career in aging. They referred me to the build the house on the ocean that would a structural lag between longer lives and as comfortably and authentically as with three-volumes of Aging and Society as the be the emotional center of their lives for supportive social structures, Matilda centenarians; and her generative, lifelong best place to start. I was awed by the vast the last 30 years. Jack would modestly managed to stay productive throughout relationship with Jack was proof of the information presented in those three present himself as “Mr. Matilda.” Their her full and enriched life. With this aging possibilities. So intellectually volumes and by the organization and ability to combine their swims in the legacy, instead of trying to minimize my vibrant, so unflappably energetic, so conceptual context that allowed the Maine ocean and non-stop salon-like age, I look forward to every birthday and gracious and encouraging, so fit, so reader to fully appreciate what we knew entertaining (lobster being a favorite) even cheat sometimes by rounding up. keenly aware, she seemed superhuman— about aging and what we needed to with flying around the world, in tremen- She helped define aging for me—”it’s not and it was sometimes remarked that know. From that time on, Matilda was a dous professional demand, was head- chronological—but when you can no “she’ll outlive us all.” Although that did key intellectual mentor. I first met turning for more than one junior col- longer work 14-16 hours a day on things not happen, she has given us a powerful Matilda soon after finishing graduate league. in which you feel passionate.” and inspiring model of how to live, on school at a professional meeting. I was Matilda and Jack loved to sing, and, Along with Jack, who often served as the frontiers of sociological scholarship awe-struck. She was bright, quick, and typically, through their joie de vivre, informal editor-in-residence, she taught and the frontiers of aging. highly opinionated. She brushed my succeeded in getting even the stodgiest me how to hone in on the essence of an and most tone-deaf of their colleagues to Dale Dannefer, Case Western Reserve awkward tribute to her away, telling me issue and communicate it clearly. At first join in. Their voices are going to be University that she’d seen my work, thought it was I was devastated when report after report promising, and told me a “secret”: Life missed. ✧ ✧ ✧ I had labored on came back with mark course research would be the key to David I. Kertzer, Brown University overs everywhere. Matilda was incred- I first met Matilda some 40 years ago future advances in aging. She whispered ✧ ✧ ✧ ibly giving of time and guidance, and I when, as a rather green “returning” that I should get in on the ground floor finally learned to think and write more student, I enrolled in her graduate of this promising enterprise. So far as I What an incredible life! As a graduate critically—skills that will last me a methods course. I was unsure about can tell, she shared this “secret” with student, I learned all about aging from lifetime. sociology; but I got hooked. Matilda had anyone who would listen, but it was the the three-volume series on Aging and I left NIA after 20 years, with an us read extensively from classic studies right advice at the right time. For the Society she edited in the 1960s, and understanding of the complex interac- (e.g., Street Corner Society, The Polish next decade and a half, we transformed especially the first, which was all her tions among aging, health and behavior Peasant in Europe and America, The our relationship in many ways: from work. When I was appointed Director in processes and an appreciation for the People’s Choice, Suicide, The Protestant advisor to colleague, from one-sided 1992 of the Pepper Institute on Aging translation of research into practice, Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism) to sanctification to mutual appreciation, and Public Policy at Florida State, I which forms the basis of my current line show us the underlying methodological from professionals to friends. Ten years invited Matilda to deliver the inaugural of inquiry in Texas. We would often walk principles and the interconnections ago, while I was ill, Matilda and Jack Pepper Lecture aimed at putting the and talk in the early days—a presage to between theory and methods. It was an sent me the largest bouquet that I’ve ever Institute on the map locally. Though then my Active for Life program. Having intellectually stimulating experience. seen and a large, lovely piece of quartz. in her 80s and suffering from shingles, touched my life in many ways, Matilda Soon after, I became her graduate When the deliveryman brought the she and Jack hopped on a plane and also gave me the confidence to start a assistant. flowers, he said, “Somebody really loves came down. They arrived fully briefed new career in midlife in a new place, She was an inspiring and caring you.” He was right. They’d picked up on the research of everyone in the unit knowing that I could look forward to mentor. I learned both from her practice the quartz on their beloved Maine shore from the most junior to the most senior. many more productive years. of giving her assistants free rein to work and wanted me to have something that They had done their homework. Born in the beginning of the last independently and from her insightful would let me know that they were Thinking they would be tired from century, Matilda’s long life enabled her feedback. She was also sensitive to the always with me in spirit, if not in person. their travel, I asked if they would like to to experience personally many of the fact that many of us working with her, They are with me in spirit and always have a quiet evening on their own. I was social and technological changes she women in particular, had multiple will be. rebuffed. Jack insisted we have a wrote about so eloquently. After leaving responsibilities, giving us—ahead of her “symposium” which, he explained, was Linda K. George, Duke University NIA, she was an active email correspon- time—what amounted to flex time and an exchange of ideas with wine. ✧ ✧ ✧ dent who kept in touch with the many flex place. And, we could always go to Unlike many distinguished visitors friends and colleagues she had generated her with our personal concerns, valuing Luckily, Matilda Riley decided to who want to know what you will do for throughout life over time and space. I her interest and wise advice. She made a move back to Maine in 1973, leaving them, Matilda’s first question was to ask always looked forward to news of her difference in our lives. Rutgers to become the first senior female what they could do for us. “Who should latest activities from Maine. At meetings Matilda was known for her intense faculty member in the 180-year history of we speak with to advance your agenda? I’d see a cadre of folks similarly touched focus on her work; but it wasn’t all work. Bowdoin College. I like to think that her What are the main messages you want us by Matilda and we would pass along True, much of my own time with Matilda first act was to hire me, a 25-year-old to deliver?” How astute! What a great, Matilda stories and share news of the was work time—in addition to “regular” awe-struck by this dynamo. generous, lady! latest projects on which she was work- work hours, there were working lunches I don’t think Bowdoin knew what it In 1994, my family and I were hidden ing. and work on the train ride we took was getting. She came to a modest three- away in a French farmhouse in Provence. I will miss her terribly—but will carry together. But we often talked about other person sociology department, which she Few people knew where we were and her positive spirit and energy with me. things—family, politics, or cultural promptly set about turning into a major fewer still knew how to contact us. The She was a mentor to me—and in honor events. I recall that right before the book force on campus (the department now phone rang. It was Matilda asking if I to her I try to mentor others in similar party marking the publication of Aging counts 11 full-time members and is one would take part in a seminar in Washing- ways. and Society, Volume I, we even discussed of the most popular majors on campus. ton on aging and the life course. What a what we were going to wear. Appropriately, it is lodged in the Matilda formidable lady! Marcia Ory, Texas A&M University Matilda and her sociologist husband White Riley House). Students were My condolences to her near and dear. System Health Sciences Center Jack were generous hosts, entertaining bowled over by this high-flying scholar John Myles, University of Toronto See Riley, page 12 12 JANUARY 2005 FOOTNOTES
Riley, from page 11
✧ ✧ ✧ dedicated sociologist, restless and visit her at the Russell Sage Foundation She had papers written by participants in Matilda and I met in Cambridge in the irrepressible in her scholarly pursuits. in New York to discuss ideas. What a two sessions on age integration that she mid-1950s when I was collaborating with Her contributions to age-stratification thrill it was for this new assistant had organized, and she wanted to see Talcott Parsons on Economy and Society. and the life course stand as permanent professor to be invited to meet with them edited and published. It was an She and Jack were closest friends with legacies to the field. To me she showed Matilda Riley, and it turned out even intellectually exhilarating time that I Talcott and Helen. I took to her immedi- only the greatest generosity, respect, and better than I could have imagined spent working with her on this (they ately as a person of intelligence, warmth, love. Among the thousands of those because I also got to meet her exceptional were subsequently published in The loyalty, and kindness. My sense of these whose lives she touched so positively, I husband Jack. She reached out to me, Gerontologist). She cared deeply about qualities only deepened over the decades am honored to be among the few to be gave me the opportunity to participate in increasing age integration in our society, that followed. We had a beautiful asked to pen my sentiments and thanks several panels she organized at profes- and she had great optimism that social relationship that included some collabo- to Matilda on the occasion of her sional meetings, and always gave me forces were pushing us in that direction. ration on aging and life-cycle research passing. encouragement. For someone who has Matilda not only taught us, she also very little self-confidence, this encour- showed us how to age. during her Russell Sage years in the Neil Smelser, University of California- agement was the kindest and most 1970s, working thereafter on many Berkeley Peter Uhlenberg, University of North helpful thing anyone could have done. I assignments in the ASA, and meeting ✧ ✧ ✧ Carolina-Chapel Hill personally whenever we were near one was blessed to know and interact with another. I was a most cheerful loser to If I had never known Matilda Riley Matilda over the last third of her long her in the 1972 election for the ASA Vice- personally, her work would still have life. Presidency. We were always stationed at greatly influenced my thinking and Some of the most rewarding parts of opposite ends of the continent, but writing. But I did know Matilda, and I our relationship for me came in the last Matilda had that exceptional capacity to count her friendship as one of the best decade. When she was almost 90, I had sustain and renew, and whenever I things that ever happened to me. She is the privilege of working with her on the would see her it was always as though at the top of my list of people who topic that she felt most strongly about at Visit
cepted, an eight-page draft should be Imagining Public Policy to Meet Thomas J. Dodd Research Center 10th Journal of Sociology of the Australian Correction submitted by April 15, 2005. Submit to Women’s Economic Security Needs, Oc- Anniversary Meeting, also presented by Sociological Association welcomes sub- Jones Irwin at [email protected] tober 14-15, 2005, Vancouver, British Co- the University of Connecticut Human stantive or methodological contributions Myra Marx Ferree was mistakenly iden- and Rob Fisher at rf@inter- lumbia, Canada. Academic and commu- Rights Institute, October 27-29, 2005, at from researchers investigating social is- tified as not being pictured on page 6 of disciplinary.net.
The Society for the Study of Social Prob- theme of migration to coincide with the Qualitative Sociology, special issue on lems (SSSP) invites proposals for its 55th Znaniecki Conference. Submit abstracts “Political Ethnography.” QS is looking Qualitative Research Annual Meeting, August 12-14, 2005, at or complete papers by March 15, 2005 to: for papers that include close-up, on-the- the Crowne Plaza Hotel in Philadelphia, [email protected]. Contact Adrian Cruz, ground observation of routine and/or Summer Intensive PA. Theme: “Blowback: The Unintended Department of Sociology, University of contentious politics in real time and Dates: June 24 – 29, 2005, Long Island, NY Consequences of Social Problems.” Pa- Illinois, MC-454, 702 South Wright Street, space. Ethnographies of party, union, or pers, abstracts, or 2- to 3- page outlines Urbana, IL 61801. NGO politics as well as of mass conten- Learn from expert Qualitative Scholars in the field of: for presentations at division-sponsored tious actions (from episodic protests to ¶Featured Seminar: Quality in Qualitative sessions should be sent electronically to Publications social movements) from around the Research session organizers no later than January globe are welcome. Deadline is June 1, ¶Auto-Ethnography 31, 2005. If your paper does not fit into Fast Capitalism, an electronic journal, 2005. Send papers to Javier Auyero, Edi- ¶Biographic-Narrative Interpretive Method one of the sessions sponsored by a divi- invites papers for FC 1.2. Deadline is May tor, Qualitative Sociology, Department of ¶Case Study Research and Methods sion, send your submission electronically 1, 2005. The journal addresses the impact Sociology, Stony Brook University, Stony of rapid information and communication ¶Qualitative Interviews no later than January 31 to Program Brook, NY 11794. Guidelines are avail- technologies on self, society, and culture ¶Ethnodrama Committee Co-Chairs: Tim Diamond, able at
Mathematical Sociology. Abstracts sub- community development practitioners grating S-L Sociology Courses. We are 20% discount on registration - Use the code mitted before January 15, 2005, will be to enhance citizen participation as well interested in receiving materials from ‘Footnotes05’ to qualify. given special consideration. Early as contemporary trends in grassroots in- sociologists using service-learning in volvement, especially studies focusing Contact us for more information about our Qualitative submitters will be notified of the orga- their teaching. Materials may include, nizers’ decisions by February 15, 2005. on public participation as it relates to in- but are not limited to: complete syllabi, Research Summer Intensive and other services we Abstracts submitted later than March 15, equality faced by low-income and minor- course outlines, handouts, assignment offer. ity communities. Contact guest editor 2005, will be accepted only if program sheets, or any other written materials rel- RESEARCHTALK, INC. space is available. Contact the American before making submissions, at Robert M. evant to using service-learning in teach- (631) 218 - 8875 Fax (631) 218 – 8873 organizer, Herm Smith, at Sullivan, Department of Urban and Re- ing sociology. (Section III) Best Practices 1650 Sycamore Ave. Suite 53, Bohemia, NY 11716 [email protected], or the Japanese or- gional Planning, University at Buffalo, for Finding, Building, and Maintaining Email: [email protected] ganizer, Dai Nomiya, at d-nomiya@ 201K Hayes Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buf- Community Partnerships. We are re- Web: www.researchtalk.com sophia.ac.jp.
Call for Papers, continued teaching who have been successful at and Slovakia. The post-doctoral fellow- tion on the program, contact Claret awarded to doctoral candidates/candi- Andrew Beveridge, Queens College, had building and maintaining community ships cover all areas of the humanities Heider, (202) 289-7800; email dates at the dissertation proposal-writ- his research cited in a November 28 New partnerships. Submissions should be ac- and social sciences and have tenures of [email protected]. ing stage, or who are in the first year af- York Times article about Afghan-Ameri- companied by any documents you may two to three months. For further infor- ter the dissertation proposal is approved. can women and their rights in America. use to help you accomplish successful mation, contact (215) 898-3474; email Institute of International Education’s Supported by a grant from the Lilly En- partnerships (contracts, needs or asset [email protected]; Scholar Rescue Fund provides fellow- dowment, Inc. Deadline: April 5, 2005. Monte Bute, Metropolitan State Univer- identification surveys, recognition certifi-
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American Institute for Yemeni Studies with the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation )#032 3UMMER 0ROGRAM is seeking applicants for fellowships. The 0/ "OX fellowships are designed to bring schol- ars from Eastern Europe into the broader !NN !RBOR -) 53! research community, especially Yemen. The countries that are involved include E MAIL SUMPROG ICPSRUMICHEDU Bulgaria, Estonia, Czech Republic, Hun- gary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, PHONE FAX and Slovakia. The post-doctoral fellow- ships cover all areas of the humanities and social sciences and have tenures of )NTER UNIVERSITY #ONSORTIUM &OR two to three months. For further informa- 0OLITICAL AND 3OCIAL 2ESEARCH tion, contact (610) 896-5412; email # *-, [email protected];
American Research Institute in Turkey with the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation WWWICPSRUMICHEDUSUMPROG is seeking applicants for fellowships. The fellowships are designed to bring schol- ars from Eastern Europe into the broader research community, especially Turkey. The countries that are involved include Bulgaria, Estonia, Czech Republic, Hun- gary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, 14 JANUARY 2005 FOOTNOTES
In the News, continued
Mathieu Deflem, University of South Hill, was also cited as Duncan’s co-au- Cheryl G. Najarian has accepted a posi- Vivian Louie, Harvard University, Com- Carolina, was featured for his website thor of The American Occupational Struc- Awards tion as Assistant Professor at the Univer- pelled to Excel: Immigration, Education, and campaign,
Contact, continued tory of Sociology: An International Review After contributing to the development can Academy of Arts and Sciences, and sity. Earlier in his life Dudley Duncan thoughtful and considerate colleague. in any condition for purchase or as a do- of structural equation models, Duncan The American Philosophical Society. He was married to Rose Mary Tompkins, All of Bill’s professional colleagues re- nation. Send to Jack Nusan Porter, 12 worked on other advanced quantitative was also awarded honorary degrees by and Beverly Davis, both now deceased. member that he kept track of their inter- Dunstan Street, Suite 1, West Newton, methods for use in sociological research. the University of Chicago, the University ests and sent them newspaper clippings Yu Xie, Leo A. Goodman, Robert M. Hauser, Ma 02465; (617) 965-8388; email In particular, he contributed in important of Wisconsin, and the University of Ari- whenever he saw something in the New David L. Featherman, Halliman H. [email protected]. ways first to “loglinear methods,” which zona. And he was President of the Popu- York Times that he thought they might like Winsborough are now used widely in the social sci- lation Association of America in 1968- to see. ences, and then to “Rasch models,” 1969. Bill was preceded in death by his par- which were introduced by George Rasch, Duncan was born on December 2, William Silverman ents, Maurice and Toby Silverman. He is Deaths a Danish statistician, for educational test- 1921, in Nocona, Texas. He received most (1939-2004) survived by his brother Robert (Suzanne ing. Duncan’s research pertaining to of his precollegiate education in Van Dyk) Silverman, his nephews William (Bill) Silverman died sud- Mildred Peacock Crowder, Mongomery loglinear methods and their application Stillwater Oklahoma. He completed his (Adam Graham-Silverman, Tom included many articles on important so- BA at Louisiana State University in 1941 denly and unexpectedly at home in Jeri- Silverman and Dan Van Dyk), his niece College and University of Maryland, cho, New York on August 3, 2004. Bill died at the age of 90 of kidney failure. ciological topics (1974 to 1985); and his and his MA at the University of Minne- (Allison Van Dyk Zaccardi), and many research pertaining to Rasch models and sota in 1942. He then served three years was born June 13, 1939, in Minneapolis cousins. Memorial donations may be sent Solomon Poll, Professor Emeritus at their application also included many ar- in the U.S. Army during World War II be- Minnesota. He graduated from to either the Society for the Scientific University of New Hampshire, passed ticles on important topics (1983 to 1990). fore completing his PhD degree in soci- Washburn High School in Minneapolis Study of Religion, Division of Social Sci- away in August 2004. Duncan’s sociological interests were ology at the University of Chicago in and received his Bachelor’s, Master’s, ences, Alfred University, One Saxon wide-ranging and evolved over time. His 1949. He was on the faculty in the De- and Doctoral degrees in Sociology from Drive, Alfred NY 14802 or the Federation 1959 survey of demographic research partments of Sociology at Penn State Uni- the University of Minnesota. He taught of Organizations, 1 Farmingdale Road, (with the late Philip Hauser) literally versity, the University of Wisconsin, the at New York University and various col- West Babylon NY 11704. defined the field of social demography. University of Chicago, the University of leges in the New York and New Jersey Obituaries Arthur L. Greil, Alfred University With Harold Pfautz he translated Michigan, the University of Arizona, and state college systems. Most recently, Bill Maurice Halbwachs’ classic Morphologie the University of California-Santa Bar- was employed by the Federation of Or- Otis Dudley Duncan Social as Population and Society: Introduc- bara. ganizations in West Babylon, NY, a non- (1921-2004) tion to Social Morphology. He invented a After retirement in 1987, Duncan was profit organization providing services to Otis Dudley Duncan, one of the most measure of the social standing of occu- active in electronic music composition, the Mentally Ill and Elderly. influential sociologists of the 20th cen- pations (the Duncan Socioeconomic In- in writing articles on music theory, and Bill was an active and contributing tury, died of prostate cancer in Santa Bar- dex). With Beverly Duncan, he intro- in the design of computer graphics. member of the American Sociological As- bara, California, on November 16, 2004. duced an index of residential segregation Before his death, Duncan briefly re- sociation and the Society for the Scien- Duncan was instrumental in advancing between whites and blacks and con- turned to quantitative research. He wrote tific Study of Religion. He was serving the discipline of sociology through the ducted a thorough study of racial segre- articles on the prevalence of creationism, as Secretary/Treasurer to the Sociology use of advanced quantitative methods. gation in Chicago. His studies in Human the rising public toleration of atheists, the of Religion Section of the ASA at the time Duncan was “the most important quan- Ecology culminated in a methodological increasing number of people who specify of his death. Within the SSSR, he was ac- titative sociologist in the world in the book, Statistical Geography: Problems in “none” as their religion, the increasing tive participant in the SSSR/ RRA His- Analyzing Areal Data. Together with a public approval of euthanasia and sui- tory Project and served for many years latter half of the 20th century,” said Leo Visit
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