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Treaty of Lausanne: the Tool of Minority Protection for the Cham Albanians of Greece
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences ISSN 2454-5899 Gözübenli & Çavuşoğlu, 2018 Volume 4 Issue 3, pp.474-481 Date of Publication: 23rd November 2018 DOI-https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2018.43.474481 This paper can be cited as: Gözübenli, A. S. & Çavuşoğlu, H. (2018). Treaty of Lausanne: The Tool of Minority Protection for the Cham Albanians of Greece. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 474-481. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. TREATY OF LAUSANNE: THE TOOL OF MINORITY PROTECTION FOR THE CHAM ALBANIANS OF GREECE Abdullah Sencer Gözübenli, MA Mother Teresa University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] Halim Çavuşoğlu, Ph.D Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey [email protected] Abstract Cham Albanians, a predominantly Muslim sub-group of Albanians who originally reside in the coastal region of Southern Epirus in Greece’s border region with Albania, had been expelled from Greece twice.As the majority of Cham Albanians were Muslim, they were treated with the same contempt as ethnic Turks living in Greece. According to official data, 3.000 of them were transferred to Turkey as part of the Greek-Turkish population exchange according to the Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations signed at Lausanne on 30 January 1923. Articles 37 to 44 of the Lausanne Peace Treaty attribute substantive rights for exempted Muslims in Greece and non-Muslims in Turkey from the Greek-Turkish population exchange and 17,008 of them wereexempted from the exchange. -
Scope: Munis Entomology & Zoology Publishes a Wide Variety of Papers
682 _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 11, No. 2, June 2016__________ A COMPARATIVE LIST OF THE LEAF BEETLES OF THE PROVINCES IN MARMARA REGION OF TURKEY, EXCLUDING BRUCHINAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) Hüseyin Özdikmen* * Gazi University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, 06500 Ankara, TURKEY. E- mails: [email protected] [Özdikmen, H. 2016. A comparative list of the leaf beetles of the provinces in Marmara Region of Turkey, excluding Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 11 (2): 682-690] ABSTRACT: This work is presented a comparative list of the leaf beetles of the provinces in Marmara Region of Turkey, excluding Bruchinae. All known taxa from the provinces in Marmara Region of Turkey and thereby European Turkey are given in the present text. KEY WORDS: Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, European Turkey, Marmara Region, Turkey Any direct research on leaf beetles in Marmara Region of Turkey is not present. Therefore fauna of leaf beetles in Marmara Region of Turkey is not sufficiently known. Chiefly, a complete faunistic information about all the leaf beetle taxa established in European Turkey in Marmara Region of Turkey was firstly published by Löbl & Smetana (2010) in their Palaearctic catalogue of Chrysomeloidea. Then, an important study titled “Checklist of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Turkey, excluding Bruchinae” was published by Ekiz et al. (2013). Later works were published by Özdikmen (2014a,b,c), Özdikmen & Kaya (2014), Özdikmen & Mercan (2014), Özdikmen & Cihan (2014), Özdikmen & Özbek (2014), Özdikmen & Kavak (2014) and Özdikmen & Topcu (2014). Although the mentioned studies helped to determine the list of leaf beetles from the provinces in Marmara Region of Turkey, the list needs further corrections to be fully and correctly realized. -
A DECADE of ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CO-EXISTENCE Following
CHAPTER THREE 1913–1922: A DECADE OF ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CO-EXISTENCE Following the Balkan Wars,1 the Treaty of Bucharest awarded the Greek State Epirus, the East Aegean islands, Crete and Macedonia, the so- called ‘New Lands’ (Nees Hores). Through the annexation of the New Lands, Greece increased its landmass and population signifijicantly. Muslim populations, the majority of which resided in the region of Macedonia, found themselves by 1912 in the theatre of a war between Greece, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. Perceived as kin of the defeated Ottoman authorities, local Muslims paid a terrible toll in blood and death. At the same time, in Western Thrace the Bulgarian adminis- tration swept away the short-lived autonomous ‘Republic of Thrace’ established in 1913.2 By 1918, the inter-allied army took over the adminis- tration of the region (of both West and East Thrace); in 1920, it passed on to the Greek authorities. 3.1. Nationalization/Ethnicization of Land and People and Minority Protection at the Beginning of the 20th Century As a result of the Balkan Wars of 1912–13, Greece, Serbia, and Bulgaria obtained important territorial gains to the detriment of the Empire. ‘Every Greek war is waged for the recovery of a national frontier’3 and Greece increased its area and population by 68 percent. As such, an important number of non-Greek speaking or non-Greek Orthodox peo- ples became Greek citizens, coming to constitute a signifijicant minority presence. According to offfijicial estimates, in 1912 more than 560,000 Muslims inhabited Northern Greece, making up 39 percent of the local 1 For an overview of military confrontations between Greece, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria see A. -
ARIT Newsletter American Research Institute in Turkey
ARIT Newsletter American Research Institute in Turkey Number 40, Fall 2005 LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT President Since 2002-2003, ARIT has had the distinct honor of awarding Ilse Böhlund Han- G. Kenneth Sams fmann and George Maxim Anossov Hanfmann Fellowships in archaeology and related Immediate Past President fields. Made possible through the generosity of an anonymous donor, the fellow- Machteld J. Mellink ships allow young Turkish scholars based in Turkey to engage in study and research Vice President Brian Rose at foreign institutions for up to nine months. To date, ARIT has made awards to 14 Secretary individuals for study in the United Kingdom, the United States, continental Europe Kent Rigsby (Austria, France, Germany, Italy), Uzbekistan, and Australia. Treasurer The research topics of Hanfmann Fellows are rich in variety and cover a tremendous Maria deJ. Ellis cultural span. Gülsün Altınbilek (Istanbul University ) and Başak Boz (Hacettepe Directors University) both pursued Anatolian Neolithic interests in the U.K., looking, respec- Linda Darling Cornell Fleischer tively, to obsidian use in eastern Anatolia and to the human teeth of inhabitants of Ahmet Karamustafa Çatalhöyük. At the other end of the spectrum, İbrahim Çeşmeli (Yıldız Technical Heath Lowry Scott Redford University) conducted research in Samarkand on the Medieval mosques of Central Honorary Director Asia, while Namık Erkal (Middle East Technical University) worked in several Eu- Lee Striker ropean libraries gathering visual materials relating to the extra-mural Golden -
1 Turkey Country Profile
1 Turkey Country Profile Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey, is a contiguous transcontinental country, located mostly on Anatolia in Western Asia, and on East Thrace in South eastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea is to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey's location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia makes it a country of significant geostrategic importance. Southern Region of Turkey Hatay Province is a province in southern Turkey, on the eastern Mediterranean coast. The administrative capital is Antakya , and the other major city in the province is the port city of skenderun. There are border crossing points with Syria in the district of Yaylada and at Cilvegözü in the district of Reyhanl Gaziantep is a city in the western part of Turkey's South-eastern Anatolia Region, some 185 kilometres east of Adana and 97 kilometres north of Aleppo, Syria. The city has two urban districts under its administration, ahinbey and ehitkamil. Mersin is a large city and a port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is part of the Adana-Mersin Metropolitan Area – and lies on the western part of Çukurova, a geographical, economical, and cultural region. -
The Formation of Turkish National Identity: the Role of the Greek “Other”
THE FORMATION OF TURKISH NATIONAL IDENTITY: THE ROLE OF THE GREEK “OTHER” A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY FER ĐDE ASLI ERGÜL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SEPTEMBER 2009 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences ___________________ Prof. Dr. Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ___________________ Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunı şık Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ____________________ Prof. Dr. A. Nuri Yurdusev Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Şaban Çalı ş (Selçuk University, IR) ____________________ Prof. Dr. A. Nuri Yurdusev (METU, IR) ____________________ Prof. Dr. Mustafa Aydın (TOBB ETU, IR) ____________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Oktay Tanrısever (METU, IR) ____________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Zana Çitak Aytürk (METU, IR) ____________________ I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Signature: iii ABSTRACT THE FORMATION OF TURKISH NATIONAL IDENTITY: THE ROLE OF THE GREEK “OTHER” Ergül, Feride Aslı Ph.D., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ahmet Nuri Yurdusev September 2009, 351 pages. -
Chalcolithic Pottery from Aktopraklık Höyük in Northwestern Anatolia1
Chalcolithic pottery from Aktopraklık Höyük in Northwestern Anatolia1 Serap Ala Çelik a a Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bursa Uludağ University, 16059 Nilüfer-Bursa, Turkey; serapala@uludag. edu.tr ABSTRACT Aktopraklık is situated 25 km west of Bursa and located on one of the eastern terraces of Lake Ulubat. Having started in the late 7th millenium, a process has been traced uninterruptedly for a period of nearly one thousand years. In Aktopraklık, the Neolithic and Chalcolithic layers have been detected at three different mound forma- tions which we have labelled as A, B and C. In Area B, the remnants of a settlement, which are characterised with the wattle and daub structures and which date to the Early Chalcolithic Era (around 5800–5700 BC), have been detected. Limited area of this layer has been unearthed; thus, our knowledge about this phase’s settlement plan is limited, but it is clear that this layer shows close similarities with Ilıpınar VII in terms of its architectural technique. This paper presents technological and typological concept of this phase’s pottery assemblage. Ex- amining the technological and typological concept of the pottery assemblage of this phase has an importance for understanding the meaning of pottery production and its usage primarily in Aktopraklık scale and then in the region during that period. Archaeometric analysis on the pottery has not been carried out. The pottery assemblage of this layer is divided into groups. Additives, firing conditions and surface colours are taken into consideration during this process, and a typological concept is functionally classified. -
Organization of Folk Athletic Games in Thrace
ORGANIZATION OF FOLK ATHLETIC GAMES IN THRACE Evangelos Albanidis, Dimitrios Goulimaris, Vasileios Serbezis Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study folk games which were organized by the Greek at cultural events in Thrace taking as its source the literature that has been published on the topic and fieldwork materials. Research has revealed that Thracians celebrated almost every festival and celebration with wrestling matches or a horse racing event. These spontaneous athletic games were con- nected with religion while these were often performed at religious festivals. The winners were mostly awarded lambs and goats, which were the offerings of believers to the church or offerings of shepherds for having had a good year and for their flocks. At special weddings, the Greek also organized horse races and wrestling matches. Key words: folk games, footraces, Greece, horse races, Thrace, wrestling matches INTRODUCTION Thrace is spread over three present-day countries: Greece, Turkey, and Bul- garia. The area has had no clearly defined boundaries ever since the ancient times. In the present study, Thrace is being studied in its greater national and geographical boundaries, those being the Struma (Strymōn) River to the west, the Danube to the north, the Thracian Sea to the south, and the Black Sea and Propontis (the Sea of Marmara) to the east (Oberhumer 1936: 394–396, Samsaris 1980: 13–17). Christian Thracians, who lived in North and East Thrace (present- day Bulgaria and Turkey, respectively) until 1923, had to abandon their home- land and settle mainly in West Thrace (present-day Greece) (Svolopoulos 2000: 265–266). -
Cyprus:: a New and Realistic Approach
PERCEPTIONS JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS September - November 1999 Volume IV - Number 3 CYPRUS: A NEW AND REALISTIC APPROACH M. ERGÜN OLGUN M. Ergün Olgun is Undersecretary to the President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. NEED FOR AN ACCURATE DIAGNOSIS The development of successful and sustainable remedies for a conflict depends on the accurate assessment and diagnosis of the causes and dynamics of that conflict. Greeks and Greek Cypriots choose to describe the Cyprus issue as one resulting from the ‘invasion’ and ‘occupation’ of the northern third of the Island by the Turkish army in July 1974. In Years of Renewal, Henry Kissinger described the Cyprus issue as “the forerunner of conflict between ethnic groups”.1 Neither of these descriptions of the Cyprus issue are accurate or adequate. The latest phase of the conflict started in the early 1950s with the Greeks of Cyprus demanding union with Greece (enosis). The Turks of Cyprus responded to this first by demanding the union of the island with Turkey and later by demanding the partitioning of the Island (taksim) between Turkey and Greece. This was because the Greeks and Turks of Cyprus saw themselves, respectively, as parts of the Hellenic and Turkish nations.2 Since the Greeks of Cyprus simply identified themselves as Greeks and the Turks of Cyprus as merely Turks, one could hardly talk of a distinct Greek Cypriot identity and, similarly, a distinct Turkish Cypriot identity until the establishment of the 1960 Republic of Cyprus. The two peoples established the 1960 bi-communal Republic through negotiation, thanks to the facilitation and active encouragement of Turkey, Greece and Britain—all acting together because of the need for NATO solidarity at the height of the Cold War. -
FO:NEFRC/2012/Inf.1 Information Note for Participants
FO:NEFRC/2012/Inf.1 January 2012 E NEAR EAST FORESTRY AND RANGE COMMISSION TWENTIETH SESSION SECOND NEAR EAST FORESTRY WEEK ANTALYA, TURKEY 29 JANUARY – 02 FEBRUARY 2012 Good Governance of Forests and Rangelands : Pillar of Food Security INFORMATION NOTE FOR PARTICIPANTS DATES AND VENUE 1. At the kind invitation of the Government of the Republic of Turkey, the Twentieth Session of the Near East Forestry and Range Commission (NEFRC) and the Second Near East Forestry Week will be held in Antalya, Turkey, from 29 January to 2 February 2012. 2. The opening ceremony of the NEFRC will take place at Hotel Vogue Avant Guarde, Antalya, and will start at 09:00 am on Sunday, 29 January 2012. REGISTRATION AND ENROLMENT 3. Participants are requested to kindly complete the attached registration form and return it as soon as possible to the three addresses indicated. Registration will take place from 08:00 to 08:45 hours at Hotel Vogue Avant Guarde, Antalya. This document is printed in limited numbers to minimize the environmental impact of FAO's processes and contribute to climate neutrality. Delegates and observers are kindly requested to bring their copies to meetings and to avoid asking for additional copies. Most FAO meeting documents are available on the Internet at WWW.FAO.ORG W0000 2 FO:NEFRC/2012/Inf.1 DOCUMENTATION 4. The meeting documents will be made available to participants in Arabic and English. To the extent possible they will be sent out before the sessions and posted on the NEFRC Commission website: http://www.fao.org/forestry/31112/en/ and http://neareast.fao.org/Pages/Events.aspx?id=788&lang=EN&I=0&DId=0&CId=0&CMSId=685 . -
Country Report 2019
ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER Visiting Researcher Program (FY2019A) Turkey Country Report 2019 ADRC Visiting Researcher Ozgur Tuna OZMEN Disaster and Emergency Management Agency (AFAD) Ministry of Interior, Turkey Disclaimer This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC member countries. The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views of the ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the ADRC. Turkey country report | VR2019A ADRC 1 Contents 1. General Information .............................................................................................. 4 1.1 Geographical data ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.2 Climate information --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 1.3 Demographic data ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 1.4 Economic ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2. Natural Disaster in Turkey ..................................................................................... 8 2.1 Natural Hazard Profile------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 2.1.1 Earthquake ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 2.1.2 Flood ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 2.1.3 Landslide ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
Regaining the Influence: Turkish Cooperation Initiatives in the Balkans
DOI: 10 17951/m 2020 5 41-63 ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS MARIAE CURIE-SKŁODOWSKA LUBLIN – POLONIA VOL. V SECTIO M 2020 Jan Niemiec Jagiellonian University in Kraków jan p w niemiec@gmail com ORCID ID: https://orcid org/0000–0002–8593–451X Regaining the influence: Turkish cooperation initiatives in the Balkans Introduction It should be indisputable that formulation of term “soft power” was one of the breakthrough moments in the history of political science and international relations As a result, the description of the global order after the end of the Cold War has become more comprehensive at several levels and thus much closer to reality The phrase was used for the first time in the 1980s by the American political scientist, Joseph Nye, as a response to the serious limitations of classical realism, one of the leading theoretical perspectives of international relations in that period In the analysis of political processes, representatives of the realistic approach focused their attention primarily on studying the military capabilities and ways of exerting economic pressure of individual states in order to build a prominent position in the international system However, along with dynami- cally accelerating globalization, which had an integrating effect on the actions of states in the international arena, the model for explaining complex mechanisms by referring only to geostrategic and economic factors has become insufficient1 Accordingly, Joseph Nye introduced the concept of soft power, which in its basic version implied the state's ability to