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Nilai Pancasila Dalam Kehidupan Berbangsa Dan Bernegara

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Nilai Pancasila Dalam Kehidupan Berbangsa Dan Bernegara ISSN 2337­9480 WAWASAN KEBANGSAAN SEBAGAI PENCERMINAN NILAI – NILAI PANCASILA DALAM KEHIDUPAN BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGARA Luh Suryatni Universitas Dirgantara Marsekal Suryadarma Jakarta E­mail: [email protected] ABSTRAK: Wawasan kebangsaan Indonesia yang berdasarkan kepada Pancasila dan UUD 1945 merujuk pada diri dan lingkungannya untuk kelangsungan hidup dan mencerminkan jati dirinya. Tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk membahas wawasan kebangsaan Indonesia dalam mencerminkan nilai­nilai Pancasila dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah telaah pustaka. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengamalan nilai­nilai Pancasila berdasarkan wawasan kebangsaan tidak sekedar pada kewajiban hukum saja, melainkan didasarkan pula pada kewajiban moral. Hal ini bermakna bahwa hati nurani masyarakat Indonesia sendiri yang berkewajiban untuk selalu berorientasi kepada nilai Pancasila yaitu: (1) bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, (2) memandang setiap manusia sebagai mahkluk yang sama harkat dan derajatnya, (3) mendahulukan persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa, dan (4) segala sesuatu dimusyawarahkan demi tercapainya keadilan dimana masing­masing dapat memiliki apa yang memang menjadi haknya. Kata kunci: wawasan kebangsaan, nilai­nilai pancasila, kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara ABSTRACT: National insight of Indonesia which based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution refer on self and its environment for the nation’s survival and the national identity. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the national insight of Indonesia in reflecting the values of Pancasila in the life of nation and state. Descriptive method used within this research. Technique for data collection is literature review. The result of the discussion shows that the implementation of Pancasila values based on national insight is not only on legal obligation but also based on moral obligation. This means that Indonesians own conscience is obliged to always be oriented towards the value of Pancasila that is: (1) cautious to God Almighty, (2) looking at every human being as a creature of equal dignity and degree, (3) prioritizing the unity of the nation, and (4) deliberating everything for the sake of justice where everyone can get what they are entitled to. Keyword: national insight, pancasila values, the life of nation and state PENDAHULUAN perlakuan penjajah Belanda. Benih semangat senasib Latar belakang penulisan ini adalah bahwa suatu dan sepenanggungan yang telah timbul, menjadi bangsa yang besar untuk mampu mencapai kejayaan tekad untuk memerdekakan diri merupakan awal dari dalam pergaulan antara bangsa di dunia, pertama­ semangat kebangsaan. Semangat inilah yang tama harus dapat mewujudkan persatuan dan merupakan modal dari konsepsi atau cara pandang kesatuan bangsanya dengan kokoh dalam wadah satu kebangsaan atau Wawasan Kebangsaan Indonesia. negara dan bangsa tersebut. Persatuan dan kesatuan Wawasan Kebangsaan ini belum sempurna, karena bangsa bukan sesuatu yang take it for granted, tetapi penduduk Nusantara yang menamakan dirinya bangsa harus diperjuangkan dan dibina secara terus menerus. Indonesia belum bernegara dan belum menganut Proses tersebut di Indonesia diawali dengan falsafah tertentu. Baru ketika Undang–Undang Dasar terbentuknya Kesatuan Sriwijaya pada abad VII, Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 (UUD NRI 1945) kemudian Kerajaan Majapahit pada abad XIV. yang melandasi NKRI mempertegas bahwa falsafah Surutnya kekuasaan Sriwijaya dan Majapahit, Pancasila merupakan dasar negara dan UUD NRI mengakibatkan tidak terbinanya konsepsi untuk 1945 merupakan hukum dasar (konstitusi). menyatukan seluruh wilayah Nusantara secara Sejak disahkan secara konstitusional pada 18 berlanjut, sehingga berbagai upaya yang dirintis Agustus 1945, Pancasila dapat dikatakan sebagai sebelumnya mengalami kemunduran, terlebih pada dasar (falsafah) negara, pandangan hidup, ideologi masa penjajahan Belanda. nasional, dan pemersatu dalam perikehidupan Kepahitan penjajahan telah menimbulkan kebangsaan dan kenegaraan Indonesia. Masalah hikmah bagi penduduk Nusantara, yaitu timbulnya wawasan kebangsaan yang dapat mencerminkan semangat senasib dan sepenanggungan menghadapi nilai–nilai Pancasila dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan Jurnal Ilmiah WIDYA Non­Eksakta 46 Volume 1 Nomor 1 September 2018 Wawasan Kebangsaan Sebagai Pencerminan Luh Suryatni, Nilai­NIlai Pancasila dalam Kehidupan 46 ­ 55 Berbangsa dan Bernegara bernegara, sampai saat ini sangat diperlukan untuk dalam kurun waktu yang sangat panjang. Proses menangkal arus globalisasi dengan kemajuan tersebut diawali terbentuknya dengan Kesatuan teknologi dan informasi yang dapat mengancam Sriwijaya pada abad ke VII kemudian Kerajaan kelangsungan hidup berbangsa dan bernegara. Tujuan Majapahit pada abad ke XIV, melalui perkembangan penulisan ini adalah untuk membahas wawasan armada niaga dan perluasan perdagangan, pertukaran kebangsaan Indonesia yang mencerminkan nilai–nilai kebudayaan dan hubungan keagamaan. Kesatuan Pancasila dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Sriwijaya telah mampu memperluas pengaruhnya, yang meliputi wilayah perairan dan daratan Nusantara yang luas, ke arah persatuan dan kesatuan dalam METODOLOGI PENELITIAN aspek ekonomi dan sosial budaya. Upaya menyatukan Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode wilayah Nusantara ke arah persatuan dan kesatuan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dalam aspek Politik, diungkapkan dalam tekad dengan telaah pustaka. Majapahit yang dinyatakan sebagai Sumpah Palapa Bagi penduduk Nusantara bernama bangsa Indonesia, PEMBAHASAN falsafah bangsa yang merupakan landasan bagi cara pandangnya, terwujud melalui proses sejarah Wawasan Nusantara perjuangan bangsa dan perkembangan budaya dalam Persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa sesuatu harus kurun waktu yang sangat panjang. Proses tersebut diperjuangkan dan dibina secara terus menerus. diawali terbentuknya dengan Kesatuan Sriwijaya Beberapa contoh seperti: bangsa Amerika Serikat pada abad ke VII kemudian Kerajaan Majapahit pada masih mengalami perang saudara yang dahsyat abad ke XIV, melalui perkembangan armada niaga setelah kurang lebih 100 tahun merdeka. Demikian dan perluasan perdagangan, pertukaran kebudayaan pula dengan bangsa Jepang dipersatukan melalui dan hubungan keagamaan. Kesatuan Sriwijaya telah peperangan antar kerajaan­kerajaan kecil yang mampu memperluas pengaruhnya, yang meliputi berlangsung puluhan tahun. wilayah perairan dan daratan Nusantara yang luas, ke Bertolak dari persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa arah persatuan dan kesatuan dalam aspek ekonomi kokoh tersebut, dan dengan memanfaatkan segenap dan sosial budaya. Upaya menyatukan wilayah potensi dan peluang yang ada, bangsa yang telah Nusantara ke arah persatuan dan kesatuan dalam bernegara berupaya dengan gigih, secara terpadu aspek Politik, diungkapkan dalam tekad Majapahit mencapai tujuan nasionalnya. Bangsa yang memiliki yang dinyatakan sebagai Sumpah Palapa yang persatuan dan kesatuan dengan kokoh dan berjuang dikemukakan oleh Mahapatih Gajah Mada. secara kompak, terpadu, serta pandai memanfaatkan Kemudian setelah Majapahit berhasil menyatukan segenap potensi dan peluang, mampu mengatasi daerah­daerah di luar Jawa Dwipa menjadi Patih kendala, dapat menjadi bangsa yang maju dan Dwipantara atau Nusantara. Pada zamannya berwibawa dalam pergaulan antar bangsa. Sebaliknya merupakan visi globalisasi Majapahit, yaitu meskipun bangsa yang tidak dapat mempertahankan persatuan pusat Kerajaan berada di Pulau Jawa (Jawa Dwipa), dan kesatuannya, kehidupan nasionalnya akan namun Gajah Mada bertekad menyatukan seluruh diwarnai dengan berbagai konflik, dan bentrokan wilayah Nusantara (pulau­pulau yang berada di luar fisik yang berkepanjangan serta dapat mengakibatkan pulau Jawa) dalam satu kesatuan, satu kehendak dan penderitaan dan kesengsaraan rakyat, seperti yang satu jiwa sebagaimana dalam kutipan berikut: terjadi di beberapa negara di Afrika dan Timur Tengah. “Sumpah Palapa adalah pernyataan sumpah yang diucapkan Gajah Mada pada upacara pengangkatannya menjadi Patih Amangkubhumi Majapahit, tahun 1258 Saka Proses Pembentukan Wawasan Kebangsaan (1336 M). Sumpah Palapa ini ditemukan pada teks Jawa Indonesia Pertengahan Pararaton yang berbunyi: Sira Gajah Mada Bagi penduduk Nusantara bernama bangsa Patih Amangkubhumi tan ayun amuktia palapa, sira Gajah Indonesia, falsafah bangsa yang merupakan landasan Mada: “Lamun huwus kalah nusantara isun amukti palapa, bagi cara pandangnya, terwujud melalui proses lamun kalah ring Gurun, ring Serang, Tanjung Pura, ring Haru, ring Pahang Dompo, ring Bali, Sunda, Palembang sejarah perjuangan bangsa dan perkembangan budaya Tumasik, samana isun amukti palapa”. Gajah Mada Patih Jurnal Ilmiah WIDYA Non­Eksakta 47 Volume 1 Nomor 1 September 2018 Wawasan Kebangsaan Sebagai Pencerminan Luh Suryatni, Nilai­NIlai Pancasila dalam Kehidupan 46 ­ 55 Berbangsa dan Bernegara Amangkubumi Kerajaan Majapahit tidak akan melepaskan cengkeraman kedua kaki Burung Garuda. Burung puasa. Gajah Mada berucap: “Jika telah mengalahkan Garuda dalam mitologi Hindu adalah kendaraan Nusantara, [baru] saya akan melepaskan puasa (tidak lagi Dewa Wisnu yang sekarang telah diangkat oleh berpuasa). Jika telah mengalahkan Gurun, Seram, Tanjung Pura, Haru, Pahang, Dompo, Bali, Sunda, Palembang, bangsa Indonesia sebagai sesanti dalam Tumasik, [baru] saya akan melepaskan puasa). Dari naskah penyelenggaraan kehidupan bermasyarakat, ini dapat diketahui bahwa ketika Gajah Mada diangkat berbangsa dan bernegara. sebagai
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