HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151
Rhetores and Strategoi in Fourth-Century Athens Mogens Herman Hansen
ONCERNING POLITICAL LEADERSHIP in classical Athens histori C ans have posed a number of interesting questions: Were the Athenian 'politicians' recruited from the propertied families? Did they become rich in consequence of their political careers? Did they belong to the city demes or to the inland and coastal demes? Did they often serve as archai selected by lot? How often were they put on trial? But as a basis for their arguments historians tend either to draw up a random list of so-called politicians or to adduce five, ten, or fifteen examples of named political leaders, from which to draw conclusions. 1 In the absence of a list of political leaders, this is of course the only possible method, and doubtless the answers offered are often along the right lines. Nevertheless, given the very good sources available on fourth-century Athens, it is worth while to delimit the concept 'political leader' and accordingly draw up a list of persons meeting the criteria, so as to have a more rigorous basis for addressing questions of the sort mentioned above. In an earlier ar ticle 2 I argued that in fourth-century Athens the phrase PT,TOpf.~ Kat (TTpaT'Y'TrYOL is the nearest equivalent of what we, with a much vaguer and less formal term, call 'politicians' or 'political leaders'. Accor dingly, I present here the application of that principle, an inventory which is basically a list of rhetores and strategoi. First however it is necessary to discuss whom to include and why.
1 Several lists of strategoi have been published (see infra n.23). Lists of 'politicians' can be found in e.g. P. Cloche, "Les hommes politiques et la justice populaire dans I' Athenes du ive siecle," Historia 9 (1960) 80-95; J. Talbert Roberts, "Athens' So called Unofficial Politicians," Hermes 11 0 (1982) 354-62. A good but incomplete list of ambassadors and proposers of decrees and speakers addressing the ecc/esia in the period 359-322 can be found in J. Sundwall, Epigraphische Beitriige zur sozial-politischen Geschichte Athens (Klio Beih. 4 [1906)) 59-74. For conclusions based On a selection of examples see A. W. Gomme, The Population of Athens in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries (Oxford 1933) 37-39 (distribution over demes); S. Perlman, "The Politicians in the Athenian Democracy of the Fourth Century B.C.," Athenaeum 41 (1963) 327-55 (participation in trials, social composition, etc.). 2 M. H. Hansen, "The Athenian 'Politicians', 403-322 B.C.," GRBS 24 (983) 33-55. 151 HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151
152 RHETORES AND STRA TEGOI In recording the strategoi I include only members of the Athenian board of ten and omit the generals who commanded the forces on Samos, Skyros, Lemnos, and Imbros.3 But of the elected military officials, the strategoi were only first in rank: why not include the hipparchs, taxiarchs, and phylarchs? There is some slight evidence that taxiarchs or hipparchs might be reckoned among the political leaders. Describing the oligarchic revolution of 404, Lysias mentions 'TO~ 'TOV 8TII.WV 1TPOECTrT)K(J-rar; Kat CT'Tpan1'),oVV'Tar; Kat 'TO~ 'Tagl. apxovv'Tar; 03.7, cf also 26.20), and Xenophon advises a hipparch to collaborate with the rhetores in the council (Hipp. 1.8). There is however a substantial gulf between these scattered remarks and the constant juxtaposition of rhetores and strategoi, and our prosopo graphical knowledge does not support the inclusion of the other elected officers.4 Of 39 known fourth-century hipparchs, taxiarchs, and phylarchs, three, completing the 'cursus honorum', came to be strategoi and are accordingly recorded in this capacity. But only two are known also as rhetores and only one as an ambassador. Hence I prefer to record only the ten strategoi, and exclude all other elected military officials.5 In recording the rhetores I follow the definition argued in my for mer article, and so I include: proposers of psephismata in the ecc/esia or in the boule; proposers of nomoi before the nomothetai; prosecu tors and defendants in political public actions; speakers addressing the ecc/esia or the boule; synegoroi addressing the dicasteria (either for the prosecution or for the defence). Two problems, however, need a more detailed investigation. As to prosecutors, defendants, and syne goroi, we must define the concept 'political public action'; and as to speakers addressing the ecc/esia and the boule, we must decide whether or not to include the ambassadors. 'Public prosecutors' in Athens comprised all citizens who brought any public action (8rnroCTwr; aywv). But the Athenians had more than fifty different types of public action, ranging from e.g. the public action
3 Arist. Ath.Pol. 62.2, c/ P. J. Rhodes, A Commentary on the Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia (Oxford 1981) 695. 4 A complete list of taxiarchs, phylarchs, and hipparchs can be found in J. K. Davies, Wealth and the Power of Wealth in Classical Athens (New York 1981) 151-55. Apart from broken names, Davies records, for the fourth century, 8 taxiarchs (Philokles II should be deleted, as he is an ephebic officer and not a genuine taxiarch), 20 phy larchs, and 12 hipparchs. Lykophron served both as phylarch and as hipparch. So the sum is 39. 5 The three strategoi are Demainetos of Paiania, Euetion of Kephisia, and Philokles of Eroiadai. The two rhetores are Meidias of Anagyrous (PA 9719) and, presumably, Menites of Kydathenaion. The ambassador is Orthoboulos of Kerameis. For the 'cursus honorum' c/ Davies (supra n.4) 122 with n.56. HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151
MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 153 for locking up a man on the pretense that he is an adulterer ('Ypacpr, asiKw~ eipx.fJ.y,vm W~ J.t 6 J. H. Lipsius, Das attische Recht und Rechtsverfahren I-III (Leipzig 1905-15), dis cusses forty different types of graphe (spurious graphai are not included in the count). Apart from the graphai we have the following types of public action: array~/ElJ8EtI;L<;1 iqrrrYT/UL<;, arroypaqrr" a rro 154 RHETORES AND STRATEGOI What brings together these public actions is not only the fact that they were explicitly aimed at rhetores and/or strategoi, but also some significant procedural regulations. The graphe paranomon, the eisange Jia, and the apophasis were probably the only types of public action for which the thesmothetai could appoint a dicasterion manned with more than 500 jurors.9 Furthermore, by contrast with other types of public action, these procedures involved the ecclesia in the initial phase before the hearing by a dicasterion; in the graphe paranomon the indictment against the proposer of a decree was often lodged under oath (wCJJ/-Wu/.a) during the ecclesia, either before or after the people had voted on the psephisma .10 In a graphe nomon me epitedeion theinai, the aVV8tKOt, speaking in defence of the nomos, might be appointed by the ecclesia (Dem. 20.146). The dokimasia ton rhetoron was opened by an f.'TraryEA./.a brought in the ecclesia (Aeschin. 1.81). The eisangeJia was brought in the ecclesia (Arist. Ath.Pol. 43.3) and so was the probole (43.5). Finally, the apophasis was initiated by a decree of the people ordering the council of the Areopagos to con duct the preliminary investigation and report to the ecclesia, which then referred the case to a dicasterion (Din. 1.51). More problematical is whether or not to register known cases of E1J8vvat. The euthynai apply primarily to archai and, apart from speak ers in the boule, rhetores were not archai. On the other hand, my inventory includes not only councillors addressing the boule, but also strategoi and some elected treasurers, who were archai, and ambassa dors, who by contrast with other rhetores (cj. infra) had to submit to euthynai. It would be misleading to omit euthynai of strategoi, council lors, and ambassadors, and so these cases of euthynai are included, but not instances of euthynai against other archai. The problem is of sur prisingly little practical importance. Although more than 1200 Athe nian officials had to submit to euthynai every year, II the sources, cover ing a period of more than one hundred years, provide us only some ten examples of the euthynai resulting in a public action.12 In the fourth century, there is not a single attested case of euthynai against a council lor, and euthynai against other officials included in my list amount to one against a general (Pamphilos, 389/8), one against an elected trea- 9 Cf M. H. Hansen, Eisangelia (Odense 1975) 10 n.14. The same procedural rule may apply to the graphe nomon me epitedeion theinai, but we have no information. 10 Lex. Cant. s. v. lnrwJ.LO(]'ia; cf also Lipsius (supra n.6) 393-94. 11 500 bouleutai + ca 700 other archai (Arist. Ath.Pol. 24.3, defended by M. H. Hansen, "Seven Hundred Archai in Classical Athens," GRBS 21 [1980J 151-73) + and unknown number of presbeis and other officials. 12 Cf Hansen (supra n.2) 42 n.32. HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151 MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 155 surer (?) (Lykourgos, 336-324), and two against ambassadors (Epikra tes, 394-392~ Aischines, 34312). I have included these examples, and I stress how few they are only to emphasize that the euthynai (against archai and other officials) were of very little importance by comparison with the graphe paranomon and the eisangelia against rhetores and stra (egoi. Another problem is raised by the endeixis when brought against an atimos who exercised his citizen rights. Insofar as the citizen put on trial had only attended a festival or served as a juror or the like, there is no reason to include the endeixis in an inventory of rhetores and strategoi. But if the defendant was an atimos who had addressed the ecclesia or served on an embassy, the case must be regarded as a 'political public action', and the known applications of this form of endeixis are accordingly included in the inventory.1 3 This list, I believe, exhausts the 'political public actions'. There may of course have been others unknown to us, and we must admit further that any public action, and sometimes even private actions, might be misused for political purposes. Antiphon 6, for example, was delivered in a dike phonou by a defendant who claims that he has been put on trial for political reasons. But we have no speech for the prosecution, and so we must suspend judgement in this and many similar cases (e.g. the speech Against Theokrines, Dem. 58). Finally, since the types of public action discussed above were brought against rhetores and strategoi in their capacity of being rhe tores and strategoi, I naturally record not only the prosecutors and their synegoroi but also the defendants and the synegoroi speaking for the defence. The next major issue is whether or not to include ambassadors among the rhetores. They were elected by the ecclesia (occasionally by the boule), and so, once appointed, they can no longer be regarded as volunteers. Moreover, by contrast with proposers, public prosecutors, and speakers addressing the political assemblies, the presbeis had to submit to euthynai after their mission.14 In these two respects they differ from rhetores. On the other hand, they had to make a report on their mission both to the boule and to the ecclesia. So they were rhe- 13 Endeixis against a citizen who served as a juror: Oem. 21.182. Applications of en deixis against rhetores are the trials of Philon of Koile in 402 (Isoc. 18.22: ambassador), Andokides in 400 (occasioned by the Mysteries, but cf Lys. 6.33 for Andokides as a rhetod, Polyeuktos (of Kydantidai?) in 326/5 (Din. fr.ii Conomis), and Aristogeiton in 325/4 (Oem. 25.4 etc., Din. 2.l3 etc.). 14 Cf D. J. Mosley, Envoys and Diplomacy in Ancient Greece (Historia Einzelschr. 22 [1973]) 39. HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151 156 RHETORES AND STRATEGOI tores in the legal sense, and subject to be put on trial by an eisangelia warranted by the third section of the VO#LO~ EiuaYYEAnKo~, prescrib ing an eisangelia Eav n~ ... PT,TWP cOv f..'T, AEYr/ T£l apW'Ta T4J BT,1-'4' T4J 'AfJrl"aUuv xpT,~Ta Aaf..'/3Ctvwv (Hyp. 3.7-8). This is precisely what happened to the four ambassadors sent to Sparta in 392/1. In consequence of their report, Kallistratos brought an eisangelia against them, and all were sentenced to death. In 36817 Timagoras suffered the same fate after his embassy to the king of Persia.Is But were ambassadors also regarded as rhetores in the political sense? Several sources strongly indicate that they were. In the speech On the Crown Demosthenes takes pride in telling the jurors that he both moved the decree by which ambassadors were sent to Thebes in 339 and served as an ambassador, thereby surpassing all previous rhetores (18.219): , '\. '\., ,It""" ~ 'AfJ"" , e , 'tI Ka('TO(' 7TOIV\.Q(, 7Tap Vf.."'V, aVupE~ 'TIvaw(" 'YE'yovacT(. P'TITOpE~ EV- Bogo(, Kat f..'E'YaAO(' 7TPO E#LOV, KaAAiuTpaTO~ EKEtVO~, 'AP(,UTOq,WV, 'A..~\. £:\ '130 \. of , '\.\.' of .~ \ , KE.,.....AO~, ~pauv VAO~, ETEpO(' f..'vpw(,· alV\. o~ OVuE(,~ 7TW7TOTE , ~ \ \.,~.. ' \ . .~ \ " ,\. .\. \." \ TOVTWV uW 7TaVTO~ EuwKEV EaVTOV E('~ OVuEV 711 7TOAE(" alV\. 0 f..'Ev 'Ypa'lA"V, ,1,.,., OVK• av " E7TPEUIJEVUEV, • , n 0 ' uE~ \ 7TpEUIJEVWVn' OVK."., av E'Ypao/EV. ./. All four rhelores mentioned by Demosthenes did in fact serve on various embassies, and three of them are also known as proposers of decrees. Demosthenes has no intention of emphasizing any subdivision of rhe tores into two mutually exclusive groups of proposers and ambas sadors; his point is that a rhetor who had proposed and carried a decree concerning an embassy did not normally serve on the embassy warranted by his decree. On the other hand, he states explicitly that the group of famous rhetores, the political leaders, included both proposers of decrees and ambassadors. Aischines takes the same view in his description of Timarchos (1.120, aiuxvvo~(, 'Yap Vrrep T7j~ 7TOAE~, Ei Ti~pxo~, <> TOV BT,#LOV uVf..'f30vAo~ Kat Ta~ Ei~ TT,V 'EA AclM TOA~V 7TPEU{3Ela~ 7TPEU{3EVE(,V KTA...) and in his description of Demosthenes (3.73, <> 'Yap f..'W'aAE~avBpo~ Kat f..'W'O~W7T7TO~ vJii,v • \. , ~\., n • M ~-' .t:).. ~! of I:. OVTOU(, P'TITWP u(,~ E7TpEUIJEVUEV E('~ aKEuuVWV, E~vV f..''TI~ a7Ta~ KTA..). What connects the speaker addressing the people or the jurors with the ambassador is the art of rhetoric, and eloquence is often mentioned as essential for being a good ambassador.I6 So ambassa- 16 Kallistratos' eisangelia against Andokides, Epikrates, Euboulides, and Kratinos: Philoch. FG,Hisl 328F149; Leon's against Timagoras: Oem. 19.191. 16 Cf Xen. Hell. 6.3.7, IUTa TOWOV AVTOKA7J<;, ~Aa OOKWV i:mffTpEqn,<; EtVUL PT,TWP, tJ& irYOpEVEV (ambassador to Sparta in 372/1); Aeschin. 3.139, AEw&i~<; <> 'Axup VEt}<;, OVX ~TTOV 471J.WU(JEVOV<; AE'YELV avvO:lLEvo<; (ambassador to Thebes, 370's); Aeschin. 3.242, ov 'Yap aT, 7TOV TOWO 'YE UKT,IjIT/, W<; ov avvaTo<; El AE'YELV (Ktesiphon), , \ "fJI I a- ' , I ) (J'''' n_ ' t K' Kat 'Yap av aT01TOV UOL UV/.l-,...... LVOL EL 1Tpw7JV lUI' 7TO V1TElUtva<; 1TPEU~VT7J<; W<; ~EO- 1TCl'rpaV TIjv MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 157 dors deserve inclusion in an inventory of pr,TOPEC; Kat (J"Tpan1"yoi, since they seem to have been regarded as rhetores, not only in the legal sense but also in the political sense of the term. The phrase pr,TopEr; Kat UTpa)'''f/)'O;' seems to cover almost all the important aspects of political leadership in both domestic policy, for eign policy, and military command. There is however one important exception: fiscal policy. In the course of the fourth century the Athe nians created some very important financial offices which, like the strategia, were filled by election. Most important are 0 Ta,.uac; UTpa TUVTtKa)Jl, oi €1T1. TO 8EWPLKOV, and <> €7T1. rfi SWLK.qUEL (attested only for the last years of our period).J7 Euboulos, Demosthenes, Lykour gas, and Demades were all elected to fill one of these offices, but none was ever a strategos. The fifth-century merging of rhetores and strategoi seems to have been replaced, in the period 355-322, by a merging of rhetores and elected treasurers. Again, the trend must not be overrated, but in the so-called Lycurgan period, political leadership was often connected with serving as an elected treasurer. Yet the financial officials were neither rhetores nor strategoi. We do not know how the Athenians reacted to this new change in political leadership. It is not uncommon that a change in political opinion and terminol ogy requires some adaptation and comes later than the change in political institutions. In the Ath. Pol. Aristotle devotes only a few lines to the Theoric Board and the treasurer of the military fund (43.1, 47.2, 49.3), and <> €7Tt rfi BWLKT,UEL is passed over in silence. The orators have a few references to the Theoric Board but none to 0 €7Tt rfi SWLKr,UE/,. The democracy was abolished in 322 and at the same time the literary sources stop. The elected financial treasurers were not covered by the terms p.qTOPEC; Kat UTpaT"f/),Ot or oi 1TOAL TEVO~EVO/' or oi uV~f3ovAO/'. But they were certainly 'political leaders', and I have recorded the eleven known instances in the inventory. Athenian citizens who fulfill one or more of these requirements consitute an inventory of 368 persons who were politically active in the sense that they were either rhetores or strategoi or (in a few cases) elected treasurers. This list, I believe, can provide a more exact basis for addressing questions of the sort mentioned at the beginning of this article. (argument adduced by Aischines to prove that Ktesiphon is a rheror [ef 3.311 and not an idiotes [cf 3.214]); Dem. 18.179, OVK El7TOV"uV mirra, OVK Eypmpa SE, ovS' EypmJm ,.uv, OVK E7TpEaI3Evan 8E, ov8' E1rpEa{3Evaa ,.uv, OVK E7THua Sf rov<; @YJ{3a:io~ ... (Demosthenes' policy towards Thebes in 339). 17 Cf Rhodes (supra n.3) 513-16 with further references. HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151 158 RHETORES AND STRA TEGOI Inventory: p-ryropec; Kat urpar'Yryoi, 403-322 B. c. The following catalogue of Athenian 'political leaders' includes first the name (with patronymic and demotic if known), then the number given in Kirchner's Prosopographia Attica and, if the man is of the liturgical class, reference to Davies' Athenian Properties Families. Broken names are not included. Some of the citizens registered were active before 403 and others after 322, but I record only political activities within the period 403-322.18 The inventory lists political activities in the following order: (1) Proposal of a decree in the ecclesia. To move a probouleumatic decree is regarded as one political activity, and so proposers of probouleumatic decrees are recorded only as proposers of decrees in the ecclesia, but not in the boule. (2) Proposal of a decree in the boule. (3) Proposal of a nomos before the nomothetai. I believe that all nomoi in the fourth century were passed by the nomothetai.1 9 Accordingly, all pro posers of nomoi are recorded separately from proposers of psephismata in the ecclesia, although the nomothetai are explicitly mentioned in ten nomoi only, seven preserved on stone (of which one is unpublished) and three referred to in literary sources. (4) Prosecution in a political public action. These actions comprise the ypaqy;, 1TapaVOJ,LWv, the ypaqy;, VOj.LOv I-Lr, i1TL'T"f,S~WV (h'ivm, the ~iuayy~ 'll.w,20 the cX1TOc/>aUV;, the OOKLJ.WUW PT/TOPWV, the 1TPOfJo'll.r, if brought against sycophants or citizens deceiving the people, the ~v8vvm if brought against strategoi, elected treasurers, or ambassadors, and the EVS~~L<; if brought against an atimos acting as a rhetor. 21 (5) Speech delivered in the ecclesia. Information about a speech by the proposer of a decree is not recorded separately under this heading, but only under the proposal. For a few major rhetores, e.g. Demosthenes and Dema des, I have not thought it necessary to record all the possible occasions for speeches delivered in the assembly.22 (6) Speech delivered in the boule. (7) Synegoria for the prosecutor or for the defendant. (8) Defence in a political public action. (9) Mission as an ambassador. To be an ambassador is regarded as one political activity only, and the obligatory reports on the mission to the boule and the ecclesia are recorded here and not earlier under speeches delivered in the ecclesia or the boule. IB So I omit e.g. Anytos' strategia in 409/8 (Diod. 13.64.6) and Derkylos of Hagnous' strategia dated 319/8 by F. Mitchel, Hesperia 33 (1964) 341-42. 19 q: M. H. Hansen, "Did the Athenian Ecclesia Legislate after 403/2?" GRBS 20 (I979) 27-53. 20 For the sake of completeness I include the (few) manifest examples of misuse of the dnaYYE Aia Ei" TOV Sr,lWv, e.g. against Agasikles, and the few examples of Ei(TayyeAia ei" rr,v f30VAT,V, i.e. against Nikomachos, Timarchos, and Theophemos. 21 The numbers stated after references to the graphe paranomon, eisanxelia, and endeixis are to the catalogues of trials in M. H. Hansen, The Sovereignty (Odense 1974), Eisangelia (Odense 1975), and Apagoge. Endeixis and Ephegesis (Odense 1976). In many cases we have only circumstantial evidence for the classification of the type of action, and the problems are discussed in these catalogues. 22 The problem whether or not Demosthenes' symbouleutic speeches were delivered in support of proposals will be discussed in my forthcoming article "A Note on Demosthenes' Symbouleutic Speeches," ClMed 35 (]984). HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151 MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 159 (10) Strategia. 23 (10 Administration of public money as an elected treasurer. These com prise <> m,..,lao;; (TTpaTUJJTLKWV, oi bri TO (JEWptKOV, and <.> bTL rfi BWtK-r1(J"Et. I do not record the E7Tt/-LEA1jT7}o;; TWV Kp1jVWV because this important office was probably technical rather than political, and I omit as well the extraordinary officials, e.g. the (J"tTWV1jo;; and the TH)(01ToWi. The references to the sources are fairly complete but not exhaustive. Es pecially for some decrees and public actions frequently referred to in literary sources, it would be pointless in this context to print all references. For most of the political public actions full documentation is given in my monographs cited under (4) supra. For the decrees I must ask the reader to await the completion of my Inventory of decrees of 403-322 B. c. mentioned in literary sources. 'Aya(Jwv (PA 80. Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 127) in 325/4 (Oem. 25.47). 'Ayauiao;; XaLptYEvoVo;; 'IKaptEvo;; (PA 95 +97). Proposes in the boule an honorary de cree for Phyleus, 336/5 (IG IJ2 330.25, 32). 'AyauLKA:ij<; 'AALI-WVUWo;; (PA 100). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 115), 336-324 (Hyp. 3.3, Din. fr.xvi Con.). 'Ayviao;; TIOAE~VOo;; E~ Owv (PA 133, APF). Ambassador to the king of Persia in 397/6 (Hell.Oxy. 7.1, Is. 11.8, Androt. FGrHist 324F18 = Philoch. 328FI47). 'AyvwviB1j<; NLKO~EVOV TIEpyau1j(JEJI (PA 176). Proposes a decree of the people con cerning naval equipment, 325/4 (IG IJ2 1629.13-15 etc.). Defendant in an apophasis in 324/3 (Hyp. 1.40, Din. fr.xxvi Con.). 'AyVppwo;; KOAAVTEv';; (PA 179, APF). Proposes three nomoi (?): (1) introduction of the EKKA1jULaUTLKOV of one obol; (2) increase of the EKKA1jULaUTLKOV to three obols, before 392 (Arist. Ath.Pol. 41.3); (3) introduction (?) of the theorikon, date un known (Harp. s. v.). Synegoros for Kephisios in an endeixis (no. 10) in 400/399 (An doc. 1.133). Strategos in 390/389 (Xen. Hell. 4.8.31). 'A8ElIUlVTO<; AEVKOAocpi.oov LKap,{3wvl81jo;; (PA 202). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 68),393/2 (Oem. 19.190 'A(J1jviwv 'Apa1rf/vwo;; (PA 240). Ambassador to Olynthus in 376/5 (IG 112 36.8). 'A(J1jvo8wpo<; (PA 259+260). Proposes two decrees of the people: (1) honours for Iphitos, 394-387 (IG IJ2 26.6-7); (2) concerning the Asklepieion, init. s. iv (IG 112 47.23). AinLI-W<; (PA 310. Addresses the ecclesia, 397/6 (Hell.Oxy. 6.2). Ambassador to (1) Chios in 384/3 (IG 1)2 34.36-37), (2) Methymna in 37817 (IG 1)2 42.19-20). AinXlv1j<; (PA 333). Ambassador to Thessaly, 361/0 (?) (IG 112 175.3). AiuXiv1jo;; 'ArpOp,-r1TOV KO(JWKiB1jo;; (PA 354, APF). Brings an epangelia against Timar chos, 346/5 (Aeschin. 1.81); attempts to bring an eisangelia, (no. 110) against De mosthenes, 343 (?) (3.223-24); brings a graphe paranomon (no. 30) against Ktesi phon, 330/329 (3.8). Elected syndikos in the Delian affair, 343 (?) (Oem. 18.134). Addresses the ecclesia frequently (Oem. 18.136, 140, 285; 19.10,35, 113,209, 304, 310, as well as his reports to the boule and ecclesia in his capacity as ambassador). Defendant in an euthynai charged with parapresbeia, 34312 (Oem. 19.2, 103, 210. Ambassador (1) to Arcadia in 34817 (?) (Aeschin. 2.79), (2) three times to Philip in 23 By contrast with the rhetores, the strategoi have been carefully studied; earlier lists can be found in K. J. Beloch, Die attische PoUlik seit Perikles (Leipzig 1884); Sundwall (supra n.l); A. Krause, Attische Strategenlisten bis 146 v. Chr. (Weimar 1914); Davies (supra n.4). The problem whether an Athenian military commander is a member of the board of stralegoi deserves a proper investigation. In most cases there is a communis opinio (not always well founded) which I have followed, apart from some difficult cases (e.g. Iphikrates before 390, Antiochos [Aeschin. 7.731. etc.). HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151 160 RHETORES AND STRATEGOI 347/6 0: Oem. 19.13, Aeschin. 2.18; 2: Oem. 19.17, Aeschin. 2.82; 3: Oem. 19.121, 126, Aeschin. 2.94-95), (3) as pylagoros in 340/339 (Aeschin. 3.115), (4) to Philip in 33817 (Oem. 18.282, Aeschin. 3.227). 'AAE~ilUl)(o~ n.,]A7)~ (PA 545). Proposes a decree of the people concerning Kerseblep tes, 347/6 (Aeschin. 2.83, 85). 'AAKiIUlx.o~ 'AYYEA~(JEJI (PA 615). Ambassador to Byzantion, 37817 (IG 112 41.20. 'AAKilUlX.O~ 'AJla')'Vpa(J'tO~ (PA 616). Strategos, 364/3 (schol. Aeschin. 2.30, 357/6 (IG 112 124.22),35514 (?) (Oem. 47.50, 78; Harp. s.v.). 'AAKilUlX.O~ E'Y MVPPtJl01J.r7'TJ~ (PA 622). Proposes in the ecc/esia a decree of unknown content, 335/4 (EM 13067, of which only the first lines have been published, cf SEG XXI 272). Proposes in the boule a decree concerning a quadrireme, 325/4 (JG 112 1629.273). 'A#LEtJltcl87)'i' (PA 664). Addresses the ecc/esia and advises the people to consult the Delphic oracle, 339/8 (Aeschin. 3.130). 'AJlOOKiBTj~ AEwyOpOV Kvoo(JTjJlatE~ (PA 828, APF). Proposes in the ecc/esia to con clude peace with Sparta, 392/1 (Andoc. 3.41). Defendant in an endeixis (no. 10) in 400/399 (1.8, 10). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 70) in 39211 (Philoch. FI49a). Addresses the ecc/esia and the boule from 403 and thereafter (Lys. 6.33). Ambassa dor to Sparta in 392/1 (Philoch,). 'AJl8poJ.,tEJI7)'i' (PA 882). Proposes in the ecc/esia a rider to an honorary decree for Pythodoros, 36312 (J.Delos I 88.30). 'AJl8poTLwJl "AJl8pwJlo'i' rapy.,]TTtO~ (PA 913+915, APF). Proposes five decrees of the people: (1) concerning temple treasures, before 365/4 (?) (JG 112 216a.l3, b.6; 217.13); (2) melting down the pompeia, before 356/5 (Oem. 22.70, 24.178); (3) recovering arrears of eisphora, 356/5 (?) (Oem. 22.48, 24.160); (4) honours for the boule of 35615 (Oem. 22.5, 8-10); (5) honours for the Bosporan princes, 347/6 (IG 1I 2 212.8). Brings a graphe paranomon (no. 13) against Euktemon in 354/3 (Oem. 24.13-14). Addresses the ecc/esia: (1) concerning the graphe paranomon (no. 12), 35514 (Oem. 22.59); (2) concerning the recovery of 91/2 talents, 354/3 (Oem. 24.13); (3) concerning Karia, 351 (?) (Arist. Rh. 1406b27); (4) in reply to Artaxerxes' envoys, 344/3 (Didymos In Dem. 18.14). Synegoros for Timokrates in a graphe nomon me epitedeion theinai, 35312 (Oem. 24.158-59). Defendant in a graphe parano mon (no. 12), 355/4 (Oem. 22). Ambassador to Mausolos in 35514 (Oem. 24.12). "AJl8pwJI EK KEpaJ.,tEWJI (PA 924). Ambassador to Keos, ca 350 (IG IJ2 1128.39). 'AJlTt'YEJl7)'i' (PA 985). Addresses the boule frequently in 35615 (Oem. 22.38). Probably synegoros for Androtion in the graphe paranomon (no. 12) of 355/4 (Oem. 22.38). 'AJlTLooTO'i' 'A7TOAA08Wpov I.V1TaA.,]'TTtO~ (PA 1019). Proposes in the boule an open probouleuma concerning the Kitian merchants' application for erecting a temple (IG 1I 2 337.7-8). 'AJlTilUlx.o~ (PA 1108). Ambassador to Thrace in 356/5 (IG 1I2 127.36). 'AJI'rilUlx.o~ (PA 1110). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 81), 37312 (Oem. 49.9-10, 47). 'AJlTtJ.,tE&JJI (PA 1134). Proposes a decree of the people concerning the Tenedians, before 342 (Oem. 58.35). Defendant in a graphe paranomon (no. 24), before 342 (Oem. 58.35). 'AJlTW9EJl7)~ 'AJlTtqxhov<; Kv(J.,]pptO~ (PA 1184+ 1194+ 1196+ 1197, APF). Strategos after 380 (?) (Xen. Mem. 3.4.0. 'AJlTl¢u..O~ (PA 1264). Strategos in 32312 (Diod. 18.13.6). 'AJlTtq,WJI (PA 1280). Ambassador to Philip in 359/8 (Theopomp. FGrHist 115F30). 'AJlTtq,WJI (PA 1281). Defendant in an apophasis, 343 (?) (Oem. 18.133, Din. 1.63). "AJlVTO~ (PA 1324+ 1322 [?1, APF). Synegoros for Andokides in an endeixis (no. 10), 400/399 (Andoc. 1.150). Addresses the ecc/esia in 397/6 (HeII.Oxy. 6.2). Strategos in 40312 (?) (PI. Meno 90B). 'A17'OUO&upO'i' na(J'LwJlo~ 'Ax.apJlE~ (PA 1411, APF). Proposes a decree of the people concerning Ta 1TEPWJlTa, 349/8 (Oem. 59.4). Brings an eisangelia in 36110 against (1) Autokles of Euonymon (no. 90), (2) Timomachos of Acharnai (no. 91), (3) Kal Iippos of Aixone (no. 92), (4) Timotheos of Anaphlystos (no. 93), (5) Menon of HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151 MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 161 Potamos (no. 95): Oem. 36.53. Defendant in a graphe paranomon (no. 18), 349/8 (Oem. 59.3-8). 'APWTUuV (PA 1734). Proposes in the ecclesia an honorary decree, before 37817 (IG IJ2 72.3). 'ApWTOy~iTwv (PA 1774). Ambassador to Dareios III, 333/2 (Curt. 3.13.15). 'ApWTOy~iTWV Kv8t~Xov (PA 1775). Proposes a decree of the people ordering execu tion without trial of Hierokles, 335-330 (Oem. 25.87, hypoth. 1; Din. 2.12). Brings a graphe paranomon (no. 27) against Hypereides, 33817 (Hyp. fr.32-36, 38-41; Aris tog. fr.iii; Oem. 26.11). Brings eisangeliai (1) against Hegemon (no. 120), ca 331 (Oem. 25.47); (2) against Demokles (no. 128), 325/4 (Oem. 25.47). Brings graphai and eisangeliai against Demosthenes (Oem. 25.37), Demades (Oem. 25.47), and others (Oem. 25.94, 26.17; Din. 2.12). Addresses the ecclesia in connection with the eisangelia (no. 127) against Agathon, 325/4 (Oem. 25.47). Is frequently addressing the ecclesia (Oem. 25.41-42, 64; Ep. 3.16; Din. 2.12) and proposing decrees (Oem. 25.94,26.17; Din. 2.12). Defendant in a graphe paranomon (no. 29), 335-330 (Oem. 25 hypoth. 1-3). Defendant in an endeixis (no. 32), 325/4 (Oem. 25.6, 26.1; Din. 2.13). Defendant in an apophasis in consequence of the Harpalos affair, 324/3 (Din. 2). 'ApurTo8r/l.w<;; (not in PA). Ambassador (0 to Philip in 34817 (Aeschin. 2.15), (2) three times (?) to Philip in 347/6 (1: Aeschin. 2.52; 2 [?]: Oem. 19.163-65; 3 [?]: 19.120, (3) to Thessaly and Magnesia in 340/339 (Aeschin. 3.83). Aristodemos was a citizen of Metapontion, but I follow A. Schaefer, Demosthenes und seine Zeit2 I (Leipzig 1885) 246, in believing that he must have been naturalized. 'APWTOKAr,<;; (PA 1851). Ambassador to Sparta, 37211 (Xen. Hell. 6.3.2). 'ApWTOKpaTT/<;; (PA 1897). Proposes in the ecclesia an honorary decree for Charidemos, 35312 (Dem. 23.1, 14). Defendant in a graphe paranomon (no. 14) in 35211 (Oem. 23.18). 'APWTO/UlX0<;; KPLT08-.1f.LOv 'AII.W1T~Kr,fJ~V (PA 1969, APF). Addresses the ecc/esia as the representative of Charidemos and Kersebleptes, 35312 (Oem. 23.13, 110). 'APWTOVLKO<;; 'APUrTOT€II.OV<; MapafJwvw<; (PA 2023+2028). Proposes a decree of the people against pirates, 335/4 (IG IJ2 1623.280-82). Proposes a nomos about the Panathenaia, 336-334 (Hesperia 28 [1959] 239-47). Proposes numerous other no moi, before 322 (Ath. 226A -c [Alexis frr.125-26 K.J). Defendant in an apophasis in consequence of the Harpalos affair, 324/3 (Din. fr.xxvii, aparasema 4 Con.). 'APWTOVLKO<;; NLKOqxiVOV<;; 'Avayvpaaw<; (PA 2025). Proposes in the ecclesia an honor ary decree for Demosthenes, 341/0 (Oem. 18.83, Plut. Mor. 848D). 'APWTO~~VO<; K714>wo8oTOV llt'LpatEV<; (?) (PA 2044). Proposes in the ecc/esia an hon orary decree for Amphis, 33211 (IG IJ2 347.9-10. 'AptaT07TEifJ71<; (PA 2046). Ambassador to Lesbos, 36817 (IG IJ2 107.33). 'APWTOTEAT/<;; Mapa(}wvw,> (PA 2065). Proposes a decree of the people concerning membership of the Second Naval Confederacy, 37817 (IG 112 43.7, 91). Ambassador to Thebes, 37817 (IG 112 43.76). 'AptaToqxiv71<; NLKO~f.LOV (PA 2082, APF). Ambassador (1) to Sicily, 394/3 (Lys. 19.19; allegedly sent by Konon but probably officially elected, c/ infra s. v. EVpt7T7Ti- 871<;); (2) to Cyprus, 390/389 (Lys. 19.23). 'AptaToAgora, 403/2 (Oem. 57.31-34); repay ment to Gelarchos of five talents, 40312 (Oem. 20.149); (3) relating to Keos, 363/2 (Hyp. fr.44); (4) Athenian relations with Ioulis, 36312 (IG IJ2 111.4); (5) mobiliza tion of triremes, 36211 (Oem. 50.4-6); (6) concerning Poteidaia, 361/0 (?) (IG 112 118.4): (7) unknown content, 357/6 (IG IJ2 121.9); (8) proxeny for Lachares, 355/4 (IG IJ2130.8); (9) appointment of zetetai, 354/3 (Oem. 24.10; (10-11) two decrees against Philip, 346-340 (Oem. 18.70, 75); (12) honours for the Kephallenians, 34312 (IG IJ2 224.6-7); (13) amendment to a proxeny decree, before 336/5 (IG 112 289.6). HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151 162 RHETORES AND STRATEGOI Proposes a nomos concerning citizenship, 40312 (Ath. 577B). Brings five (?) eisange liai: 0) against Leosthenes (?) (e! no. 88 n.1), 36211 (Hyp. 3.1); (2) against Leos thenes' trierarchs (no. 142), 36211 (Oem. 51.8-9); (3) against Timotheos (no. 101), 356/5 (Din. 3.17); (4) against Iphikrates (no. 100),356/5 (Polyaen. 3.9.29); (5) against Menestheus (?) (no. 102), 356/5 (Isoc. 15.129). Opposes (in the eeclesia?) making peace with Philip, 347/6 (Theopomp. FI66). Syndikos elected to defend Lep tines' law, 355/4 (Oem. 20.146). Defendant in a graphe paranomon (no. 10), 36312 (schol. Aeschin. 1.64). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 97), 361-343 (Hyp. 3.28). Defendant in a probole, 370-350 (?) (Oem. 21.218 with schoU. Acquitted in 75 graphai paranomon (Aeschin. 3.194). Ambassador to Thebes, unknown date (Aes chin. 3.139). Strategos in 36312 (schol. Aeschin. 1.64). 'ApuT"rwv (PA 2140). Brings an eisangelia (no. 119) against Lykophron, ea 333 (Hyp. 2.1, 2, 8). 'APUTTWVVIJ.O<; 'APUTTOVLKOV (not in PA). Proposes in the eeclesia an honorary decree for the Pellaneans, 345/4 (IG IF 220.7-8, 28-29). 'Ap~8w<; IIpogEvov 'Arj>t8vaw<; (PA 2234, APF). Brings a graphe paranomon (no. 9) against the honorary decree for Iphikrates, 371/0 (Lys. frr.36, 43). 'Ap)(E81}1J.O<; 'Ap)(wv IIawvL81}<; (PA 2325). Proposes a decree of the people concerning envoys from Echinos, 349/8 (IG IF 208.5-6). 'Ap)(La<; XOAap'Yev<; (PA 2481). Probably synegoros for Androtion in the graphe parano mon (no. 12) of 355/4 (Oem. 22.40). 'Apx.tvo<; (not in PA). Defendant in an apophasis, 325/4 (Din. 1.63). (PA at 15437 accepts the emendation XaptvovJ 'Apxtvo<; EK KOLA1}<; (PA 2526). Proposes in the eeclesia an honorary decree for the democrats from Phyle, 403/2 (Aeschin. 3.187, Hesperia 10 [1941] 287 no. 78). Sup ports in the boule a decree ordering execution without trial of a citizen who did not respect the amnesty, 403/2 (Arist. Ath.Pol. 40.2). Proposes a nomos on paragraphe, 403/2 (Isoc. 18.2). Brings a graphe paranomon (no. 4) against Thrasyboulos, 403-401 (Aeschin: 3.195, Ath.Pol. 40.2, Plut. Mor. 835F-836A). Strategos, frequently serving on the board (Oem. 24.135). In IG IJ2 10.1-2 the proposer is Archinos according to Wilhelm's restoration (Tod II 100), but Osborne restores Thrasyboulos (Naturaliza tion in Athens: 0 6). 'A(T"rVr/>tAo<; MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 163 BAbTVPO~ IIHOav8pov IIawvi81)~ (PA 2881). Proposes an amendment to a decree of the people of unknown content, before 353/2 (IG II2 189.7). BpaxvAAo~ BaBVUov 'EpXLEv~ (PA 2928). Proposes in the eccfesia an honorary decree, ca 330 (IG II2 408.5). Proposes in the boule an honorary decree for Eudoxos, 343/2 (IG 112 223C.l0). navKET1J~ (PA 2946). Brings a graphe paranomon (no. 13) against Euktemon, 354/3 (Dem. 24.13-14). Addresses the eccfesia, 354/3 (Dem. 24.13). Ambassador to Mau solos, 355/4 (Oem. 24.l2-13). D.aVKWV (PA 301l). Proposes a decree of the people concerning envoys, 35817 (Dem. 23.172, 177). rva9w~ IIpof3aAia-w~ (PA 3043, APF?). Proposes in the boule an alliance with Eretria, 394/3 (IG IJ2 16.6); for the date c/ AlP 100 (1979) 398-400; 101 (980) 462-69. rv£lOwv AaKul81)~ (not in PA). Proposes a decree of the people of unknown content, init. s. iv (Hesperia 26 [1957] 207 no. 53); for the demotic see Hesperia 52 (1983) 106 no. l.ii.e.8. ~HVia~ 'EPXLEV~ (PA 3163, APF). Syndikos elected to defend Leptines' law, 355/4 (Dem. 20.146). ~HVOKpaT1)~ KAEOjL{3POTOV 'Ax.apvEv~ (PA 3181 +3185, APF). Strategos, 336/5 (IG 112 1628.351, 370; 1629.871, 890). ~HvouTpaTo~ ~HVulOOV 'AYKVA1i91)v (PA 3191 +3192). Proposes in the boule an honorary decree for Phanodemos, 343/2 (IG 112 223A.4). ~EPKVAO~ AVTOKAEOV~ 'Ayvovuw~ (PA 3248+ 3249, APF). Ambassador to Philip three times in 347/6 (Aeschin. 2.47; Dem. 19.175; Aeschin. 2.140). ~1)~81)~ ~1)~OV IImavLE~ (PA 3263, APF). Proposes 21 decrees of the people: (1) conclusion of peace with Philip, 33817 (Dem. 18.285, Diod. 16.87.3, Demades 1.9); (2) koine eirene and membership in the Corinthian League, 33817 (Plut. Phoc. 16.5); (3) honours for Euthykrates, 338-336 (Hyp. fr.80); (4) concerning Lemnos, 337/6 (Hesperia 9 [1940] 325-27 no. 35); (5) citizenship for Alkimachos, 337/6 (IG IF 239 [SEG XXI 2671, Harp. s. II. 'AAKiJLaXo~); (6) proxeny for?, 337/6 (IG 112 240.7); (7) unknown content, 337/6 (IG 112 241.5-6); (8) honours for Philip, 336/5 (Demades 1.9, Diod. 16.92.1-2); (9) conclusion of peace with Alexander, 336/5 (?) (Demades 1.14); (10) election of ten envoys to be sent to Alexander, 335/4 (Arr. Anab. 1. 10.3); (11) reply to Alexander's request for extradition of ten leading Athenians, 335/4 (Diod. 17.15.3); (12) unknown content, 334/3 (IG IJ2 335 [SEG XXI 274. 10-11]); (13) citizenship for Amyntor, 334/3 (IG IF 405.4-5 [SEG XXI 275]); (14) honours for ?, 33211 (IG 112 346.12-13); (15) condemnation of triremes, 330/329 (IG 112 1627.247-48); (16) honours for?, 329/8 (IG 112 353.9-10); (17) collection of naval debts, 326/5 (IG 112 1629.520); (I8) concerning epidoseis, 326/5 (IG 112 1629.869); (19) concerning the deification of Alexander, 324/3 (Ae!. VH 5.12); (20) election of envoys to be sent to Antipater, 32211 (Plut. Phoc. 26.3); (2I) sentence of death passed on the anti-Macedonian Athenian leaders (Arr. FGrHist 156F9.13). Brings numerous eisangeliai (Polyeuktos fr.l Baiter/Sauppe). Convicted in three graphai paranomon (Diod. 18.18.2), the first (no. 28) in 338-336 (Hyp. fr.80-91) , the second (no. 38) in 324/3 (Ath. 251B, Ael. VH 5.12). Defendant in an apophasis in consequence of the Harpalos affair, 324/3 (Din. 1.89). Ambassador (]) to Philip, 33817 (Suda 415 s. II. ~'T/,.w8'T/<;); (2) to Alexander, 335/4 (Plut. Dem. 23.6, Diod. 17.15.4-5); (3) to Antipater, 32211 (Diod. 18.18.2). Tamias stratiotikon, 334/3 (IG IJ2 1493-95 [SEG XXI 552]). ~'T/JLULVETO<; ~'T/jLEOV TImavLEv<; (PA 3265+3276, APF). Strategos, before 388 (Aes chin. 2.78); in 38817 (Xen. Hell. 5.1.10,26). ~1)~a~ ~1)~OOV IIawvLEv~ (PA 3322, APF). Proposes in the eccfesia a citizenship decree for ?, before 321 (Hesperia 13 [1944] 231-33 no. 5). Addresses the ecclesia, before 322 (Ath. 591 F). 4'T/~a<; I.1n1TTW<; (PA 3325). Proposes in the boule an honorary decree for Lykourgos, before 324 (IG 112 3207: 1 follow Wilhelm in taking this to be the lower part of IG II2 457 and to record the honours bestowed on Lykourgos; see Attische Urkunden III [1925] 3-6 [Akademieschr. I 463ff]). HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151 164 RHETORES AND STRATEGOI a'T/f.LT,TpWt; EVKTT,f.LOVOt; 'Ac/Jl,8vawt; (PA 3392). Proposes a decree of the people con cerning the cult of Amphiaraos, 332/1 (Syl/.3 287.9). a'T/f.LT,TpWt; MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 165 eisangelia (no. 129) against Kallimedon, 324/3 (Din. 1.94); (4) an euthynai against Aischines, 343/2 (Oem. 19.17). Synegoros for (1) Euthykles in an eisangelia (no. 96), 360/359 (Aeschin. 3.52); (2) Ktesippos in a graphe nomon me epitedeion theinai, 355/4 (Oem. 20 hypoth. 3); (3) Philokrates in a graphe paranomon (no. 17), 34817 (Aeschin. 2.14); (4) Timarchos in a dokimasia rhetoron, 346/5 (Aeschin. 1.1 66ft); (5) Phanostratos in a graphe paranomon (no. 29), 335-330 (Oem. 25 hypoth. 2); (6) Ktesiphon in a graphe paranomon (no. 30), 330/329 (Oem. 18.5 etc.); (7) Lykourgos in an endeixis (no. 32), 325/4 (Aristogeiton fr.O. Defendant (1) in a graphe parano mon (no. 22), before 342 (Oem. 58.23, 36-37, 42-44); (2) in a graphe paranomon (no. 25), 340/339 (Oem. 18.102-07); (3) in a graphe paranomon (no. 37), before 324 (Din. fr.xlvii Con.); (4) in an apophasis in consequence of the Harpalos affair, 32413 (Hyp. 1, Din. 0; in numerous graphai (paranomon), eisangeliai, and euthynai, 33817 (Oem. 18.249). Ambassador (1) to Philip three times, 347/6 (Aeschin. 2.18; Oem. 19.17; Oem. 19.121 [elected], 122 [exomosia]); (2) to the Peloponnese, 345/4 (Oem. 6.19-27); (3) pylagoros, 344/3 (Aeschin. 3.113); (4) to the Peloponnese, 343/2 (Dem. 9.72); (5) to Byzantion and Thrace, 34211 (?) (Oem. 18.244, Aeschin. 3.256); (6) to Thessaly, 34110 (?) (Oem. 18.244); (7) to the Peloponnese and Ar kadia, 34110 (Aeschin. 3.97, 256); (8) to Thebes, 339/8 (Oem. 18.179); (9) to the allies overseas, 33817 (Din. 1.80); to Alexander, 336/5 (Aeschin. 3.160; (II) to the Peloponnese, 335/4 (Plut. Mor. 851B); (12) to Arkadia, 323/2 (Plut. Dem. 27.4-5). Member of the Theoric Board, 337/6 (Aeschin. 3.24). aruwuTpaTo<; 'AptUTOqXVVTO<; 'A'1)VtEV<; (PA 3617, APF). Ambassador to Sparta, 372/1 (Xen. Hell. 6.3.2>. a1)I-WTUuV (PA 3646). Addresses the ecc/esia, 366/5 (Xen. Hell. 7.4.4). tl1)~4xA.o<; (PA 3664). Proposes a decree of the people ordering a diapsephisis ton aston, 346/5 (Aeschin. 1.86, schol. Aeschin. 1.77). tl1)~4xA.o<; tl1)/-Wc/>iA.ov 'AXaPVEV<; (PA 3675, APF). Proposes two decrees of the peo ple: (1) concerning naval equipment, 324/3 or earlier (IG IJ2 1631.655-58); (2) honours for ?, before 31817 (IG 112 421.3-4). tl1)l-WqXVv (PA 3693). Strategos, 379/8 (Diod. 15.26.2). tl1)I-WXap'l1<; AaX'l1To<; AEVKOVOEV<; (PA 3716, APF). Addresses the ecc/esia, 32211 (Plut. Mor. 847D). tl.q/-LWV tl'l1I-W~A.ov<; TIaWVtEv<; (PA 3736, APF). Proposes the decree of the people by which Demosthenes is recalled, 323/2 (Plut. Dem. 27.6, Mor. 846D). tltKawyf.V'I1<; MEVEgf.VOV KvBa(1)vatEv" (PA 3776, APF). Strategas in 324/3 (IG IJ2 1631.380f, Reinmuth no. 15b.4-6) and 323/2 (IG IJ2 1631.215). tlwYEiTWV (PA 3790). Proposes in the ecc/esia an honorary decree for Timaphenides, before 353/2 (IG IJ2 152.7-8). tlwyviB1)<; (not in PA). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 122), 331-324 (Hyp. 3.3). tlwBwpo<; (PA 3919). Brings a graphe nomon me epitedeion theinai against Timokrates, 353/2 (Oem. 24.64, hypoth. 1). Synegoros for Euktemon in a graphe paranomon (no. 12),355/4 (Oem. 22.1, hypoth. 1.0. tlWKA.7j<; (PA 3987). Brings a graphe nomon me epitedeion theinai against (?), 400-380 (Lys. frr.86-87). It is in fact only an assumption that Lysias' speech TTPO<; aWKA.ea lrrrEP TOV Kant nnv P'l1TOPWV vOI-WV was written for a client who defended a law about rhetores against a graphe nomon me epitedeion theinai brought by Diokles. tlWKA.7j<; (PA 3989). Proposes a nomos concerning the coming into force of nomoi, ca 400 (Oem. 24.42). tlWKA.7j<; 'AAW1TEK7j6u (PA 3990+4015, APF). Strategos, 357/6 (IG IJ2 124.23, Poly aen. 5.29, Oem. 21.174). awvvuw<; (PA 4092). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 74), 38817 (Oem. 19.180). Strategos, 38817 (Xen. Hell. 5.1.26, Oem. 19.180). tlwvvuw<; (PA 4095). <> ETT" T7j<; BWtK.qUEW<;, ca 330 (Din. fr.xiii Con.). tlWTTEi6'11c; tltcf>iA.ov LOVVtEV<; (PA 4327, APF). Strategos, 343/2 (Philoch. F 158); 342/1 (Oem. 8.28); 34110 (Arist. Rh. 1386aI4, Aristogeiton fr.3.2). aWTTEi6'11<; tlWTTEi6ov<; Lc/>¥no<; (PA 4328, APF). Proposes two decrees of the people: (I) amendment to honours for Dioskourides, 346/5 (IG 112 218.22-23); (2) con- HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151 166 RHETORES AND STRA TEGOI cerning Philip, 346-340 (Oem. 18.70). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 98), 361-343 (Hyp. 3.29) . .dwn#J.O~ 'OA.vf.L7TwBWpov (?) Evwvvf.LE~ (?) (PA 4370, APF). Strategos, 390/389 (schol. Aristid. Panath. 172.4); 38817 (Xen. Hell. 5.1.7,25) . .dwn#J.O~ .dW7TEi(JO~ Evwvvf.LE~ (PA 4384, APF). Strategos, 33817 (JG 112 1628.396f, 1623.200f [?]); 335/4 (JG 112 1623.277-78); ca 330 (JG 1)2 408.7-8) . .dwqxlv'Y/~ K'Y/1>wtE~ (PA 4409). Proposes in the boule an honorary decree for Lykour gos, before 324 (JG 112 3207, cf supra .d'Y/~a~ L(f>,yI7·TW~) . .dWtJxxVTO~ (PA 4421; = 4435?). Ambassador to Alexander, 33211 (Arr. A nab. 3.6.2) . .dWtJxxVTO~ MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 167 'EP'YOqxAOS' (PA 5062). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 86), 36312 (Oem. 19.180, Arist. Rh. 1380blO). Strategos, 363/2 (Oem. 23.104). "EpI-U7T7TOS' nopwS' (PA 5116). Ambassador to Olynthos, 376/5 (?) (IG 112 36.7). 'Ep/-w'Y£v7]S' 'I1T'7ToviKOV (?) 'AAW7TEKi!(h;v (PA 5119, APF). Ambassador to Tiribazos, 39211 (Xen. Hell. 4.8.13). Ev{30vAiB7]S' 'AvncpLAov 'AAL/-WVUW<; (PA 5323). Proposes in the ecclesia an honorary decree for Dioskourides, 346/5 (IG 112 218.6-7). EV/30VAi87]c; 'E7TLKAEi8ov 'EAEvuivw<; (PA 5325). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 72), 39211 (Philoch. F 149a). Ambassador to Sparta, 39211 (Philoch.). For the patronymic cf IG 112 2811. Evf30vAO<; L7TLv8apov npo{3aAWWS' (PA 5369). Proposes three decrees of the people: 0) recalling Xenophon (?), 370-360 (?) (Diog. Laert. 2.59); (2) inviting envoys from all Greek poleis to Athens, 34817 (?) (Oem. 19.304); (3) concerning Philip, 346-340 (Oem. 18.70, 75). Proposes a nomos concerning the theoric fund, 349/8 (schol. Oem. 1.1 p.9.1). Brings a probole against Aristophon, ca 370-350 (Oem. 21.218 with scho\.). Synegoros for Aischines in an euthynai, 34312 (Oem. 19.290, Aeschin. 2.184). Member of the Theoric Board, ca 350 (Aeschin. 3.25). EVS7]/-WS' KvBa87]vaLEvS' (PA 5401). Proposes a nomos, 38211 (Oem. 24.138). Defen dant in a graphe nomon me epitedeion theinai, 382/1 (Oem. 24.138). EvBtooKTOS' Aap:1TTpEV<; (PA 5414). Ambassador to Delphoi, 35211 (IG If2 204.83). Ev&~S' 8Ea'Y'Y£AOV LV7TaA7]TTwS' (PA 5439). Addresses the boule frequently, 34312 (IG IP 223C.1O-12). EVEn/.wv nV8a'Y'YEAov K7]CPLULEV<; (PA 5461 +5462, APF). Strategos, 32312 (IG If2 505.l8, Diod. 18.l5.9). EVETI.wV AVTOKAEiBov Lqn,TTWC; (PA 5463, APF). Proposes in the boule a decree con cerning the priest of Asklepios, 32817 (IG 112 354.32). EV.,]'YOPoS' 168 RHETORES AND STRATEGOI Elx/MTjTO~ EV4>tA-rlTOV KTjw"I.E~ (PA 6054, APE'). Proposes in the ecc/esia an honor ary decree for Euphron, 32312 (IG 112 448.6). EVcf>poO"lJvo~ nac.avl.E~ (PA 6123). Ambassador to Keos, ca 350 (IG 112 1128.39-40). 'E MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 169 <-lparrof30vAO<; E>pauwlJo<; 'EpXtEv<; (PA 7304, APF). Sfrafegos (?), 35312 (fG 112 1613. 270); sfrafegos, 326/5 (fG IJ2 1628.40-41; 2969). <-lparro{3ovAo<; 8pauwlJo<; KOAAVTEV<; (PA 7305, APF). Defendant in two eisangeliai (nos. 75, 76): 0) 38817 (Lys. 26.21-24, Oem. 24.134); (2) 38312 (Lys. 26.21-23, Oem. 24.134). Ambassador to Thebes, 37817 (Aeschin. 3.138, IG IJ2 43.76). Strate gos, 388/7 (Xen. Hell. 5.1.26); 37312 (Hesperia 8 [I939] 3-5 no. 2). 8parrof30vAo<; AVKOV LTEtPLEV<; (PA 7310, APF). Proposes three decrees of the people: (J) citizenship to democrats, 40312 (Arist. Afh.Pol. 40.2, Aeschin. 3.195); (2) second grant of citizenship to democrats, 401/0 (fG 112 10.1, Osborne 0 6); (3) alliance with Boiotia, 395/4 (Xen. Hell. 3.5.16). Addresses the ecc/esia, 397/6 (Hell.Oxy. 6.2). Defendant in a graphe paranomon (no. 4), 40312 (?) (Arist. Afh.Pol. 40.2, Aeschin. 3.195). Strategos, 395/4 (Paus. 3.5.4, Lys. 16.15); 390/389 (Xen. Hell. 4.8.25-30. 8paavKA7J<; E~ OLOV (PA 7327). Pylagoros, 340/339 (Aeschin. 3.115). 8paavKAT,<; ITaAA'TII'Ev<; (PA 7328). Ambassador to Olynthos, 376/5 (IG IJ2 36.6). E>paavl\l\o<; ITalJBwviBo<; rPvl\iJ<; (PA 7338). Synegoros for Andokides in an endeixis (no. 10), 400/399 (Andoc. 1.150). 8pauwIJ 'EPXLEVr; (PA 7384, APF). Ambassador (1) to Thebes, 379-371 (Aeschin. 3.138, Din. 1.38); (2) to Thrace, 356/5 (IG 112 127.37). 'IaTpoKl\iJ<; I1auupWIJTo<; (PA 7442). Addresses the boule, 347/6 (Aeschin. 2.16). Am bassador three times to Philip, 347/6 (1: Aeschin. 2.20; 2: Oem. 19.197-98, Aeschin. 2.126; 3 I?]: Oem. 19.121). 'IEpoKl\EiB7)<; TLJ.LOUTPCXTOV 'AAW1TEKT,8E IJ (PA 7463). Proposes two decrees of the peo ple: (1) honours for Theogenes, 349/8 (IG IJ2 206.5-7, 26-27); (2) unknown con tent, 349/8 (JG 112 209.5). 'IEpwvvJ.LO<; (PA 7552). Strategos, 395/4 (Lys. fr.123, Diod. 14.8l.4). 'IEpwlJvJ.LO<; OiKWi.AOV<; 'PaJ-Lvovuw<; (PA 7570). Proposes in the ecclesia an honorary decree for Kallikratides, co 330 (IG IF 415.11). 'If.,tEpaw<; 170 RHETORES AND STRA TEGOI KaAALKpCXT'TI MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 171 Chares, 34817 (Arist. Rh. 1411a6). Syndikos elected to defend Leptines' law, 355/4 (Dem. 20.146, 150). Ambassador to Sparta, 372/1 (Xen. Hell. 6.3.2). KT/Ij>/ffoBwpoc; (PA 8351). Addresses the ecclesia, before 329 (?) (Timokles fr.16 K.). KT/cfxuocPWv KEcPaAI.wVOC; 'Ac!>Lf!vawc; (PA 8410, APF). Strategos, 345/4 (?) (IG II 701 = IF 1443.112-13, cf APF); 342/1 (Philoch. FI59); 341/0 (?) (IG IF 1623.35-37, cf APF); 340/339 (IG IF 1628.438, 1629.959). Member of the Theoric Board, 343/2 (IG IF 223C.6). In IG IF 244.2 his name is restored as the proposer of the nomos for repair of the walls. KT/cfxuocPWv IlmavLEvc; (PA 8400+8401 +8415+8416, APF). Proposes in the ecclesia an honorary decree for the Samians, 403/2 (IG 112 1.42, 51). KT/4>ouocpWv KaA.A.t/3iov IlatavLEVc; (PA 8417, APF). Proposes four decrees of the people: (1) honours for the boule, 343/2 (IG 112 223B.7-9); (2) concerning a mes sage sent to Chares, 347/6 (GRBS 18 [1977] 53) (Aeschin. 2.73); (3) concern ing Philip, 346-340 (Oem. 18.75); (4) rider to honours for Asklepiodoros, ca 342 (IG 112 276.23-24). Addresses the ecclesia in support of Philokrates, 347/6 (Oem. 18.21). KT/c!>/ffocpWv AVULcPWVTOC; XOAapYEvc; (PA 8419). Proposes a decree of the people regu lating the despatch of a squadron to the Adriatic, 325/4 (IG 112 1629.170). Defendant in an apophasis in consequence of the Harpalos affair, 324/3 (Din. 1.45; for the identification cf APF 149). Kif.U1Jv AaKul8T/C; (?) (PA 8424, APF). Ambassador to Philip three (?) times in 347/6 (1: Aeschin. 2.21; 2 [?]: Oem. 19.163-65; 3 [?]: Oem. 19.120. KtvT/uiac; MeA.T/TOC; (PA 8438). Proposes in the boule (?) an honorary decree for Dio nysios I, 394/3 (IG IF 18.5). Brings a graphe paranomon (no. 6) against Phanias, 400-380 (Lys. fr.143). KA.f.LT0#-Wxoc; (not in PA). Ambassador to the Peloponnese, 343/2 (Oem. 9.72 vulg., am. SFYO). The names of Kleitomachos and Lykourgos are omitted by the best MSS.: but Plut. Mar. 841 E shows that Lykourgos did serve on the embassy, and so I am prepared to accept Kleitomachos as well. KAEoj30VAOC; fAavKov 'AXaPVEVC; (PA 8558, APF). Strategos, 389/8 (Aeschin. 2.78). Kovwv TtJ.LOOeov 'Avalj>A.VUTWC; (PA 8707, APF). Brings an eisangelia (no. 68) against Adeimantos, 393/2 (?) (Oem. 19.190. Ambassador to Tiribazos, 392/1 (Xen. Hell. 4.8.13). Strategos (?), 39413, 393/2 (?) (Harp. s. v. gEVLK()IJ EV Kopiv(JA.VUTWC; (PA 8708, APF). Strategos, 334/3 (IG 112 2970.5 [SEG XXII 148]); 333/2 (IG IJ2 2976.9, Hesperia 9 [1940] 62-63 no. 8.ii.9-10). Kpanvoc; (PA 8752). Proposes three decrees of the people: 0) honours for Astykrates, 363/2 (IG IF 109a.7, b.8L (2) honours for ?, 354/3 (IG IF 134.6); (3) honours for Democharis, before 353/2 (IG 112 172.3-4). Kpanvoc; r..1j>i)TTWC; (PA 8757a). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 71), 392/1 Philoch. FI49a). Ambassador to Sparta, 392/1 (Philoch.). KpiTWC; (PA 8798). Proposes in the ecclesia an alliance with the Korkyraeans, the Akarnanians, and the Kephallenians, 375/4 (IG IF 96.4-5). KTT/uiac; (PA 8838). Proposes in the ecclesia an honorary decree for the Karpathians, 394/3 (Syll.3 129.4). KTT/UtKA.T/C; (PA 8861). Strategos, 393/2 (?) (Lys. 9.6); 374/3 (Diod. 15.46.3); 373/2 (Xen. Hell. 6.2.10 [VT/UtKA.W or UTT/UtKA.W], Diod. 15.47.4). KTT/UtKA.T/C; BaTT/OEv (PA 8868). Proposes in the boule an honorary decree for Lykour gos, before 324 (IG IF 3207, cf supra AT/~ac; r..4>iJTTWC;). KTT/utcf>Wv (PA 8893). Addresses the ecclesia in support of a conclusion of peace with Philip, 347/6 (Oem. 19.12). Ambassador (1) to Philip, 34817 (Aeschin. 2.12); (2) to Philip three (?) times, 347/6 0: Aeschin. 2.42; 2 [?] Oem. 19.163-65; 3 [?]: Oem. 19.120. KTT/UtcpWv (PA 8894). Proposes in the ecclesia an honorary decree for Demosthenes, 337/6 (Aeschin. 3.12, 34, 49, 53, 101, 155, 236-37, etc.). Defendant in a graphe paranomon (no. 30), 330/329 (Aeschin. 3.9, Oem. 18.13, etc.). Ambassador to Kleo patra, 330/329 (Aeschin. 3.242). HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151 172 RHETORES AND STRA TEGOI Kv?lw:S" (PA 8924). Addresses the ecclesia concerning klerouchs to Samos, 365-362 (Arist. Rh. 1384b32). AaX'T/S" Aax'T/TOS" (?) A~wvevS" (?) (PA 9018). Strategos, 364/3 (Diod. 15.79.1). AeovTtXoS" (PA 9036). Strategos, 388/7 (Xen. Hell. 5.1.26). Ae1TTiv'T/S" EK KoiA'T/S" (PA 9046, APF). Proposes a nomos on ateleia, 356/5 (Oem. 20.95, 128, etc.). Addresses the ecclesia concerning an alliance with Sparta, 370/369 (Arist. Rh. 1411a4-5). Elected syndikos defending his own law, 355/4 (Oem. 20.144, 146): Leptines is not defendant (20.144), but probablY the fifth syndikos (20.146, cf Oem. 24.23 referring to the similar nomothesia). AewBatwS" 'EpuuuTTpaTOv (?) 'AxapveVs- (PA 9077, APF). Brings a graphe paranomon (no. 7) against ?, 376/5 (Oem. 20.146). Brings two eisangeliai: (I) against Kallistra tos (no. 83), 366/5 (Arist. Rh. 1364aI9-21); (2) against Chabrias (no. 84), 366/5 (Rh. 1364a21-23). Elected syndikos defending Leptines' law, 355/4 (Dem. 20.146). Ambassador to Thebes, 370's (Aeschin. 3.139). AewKpa1"T/S" (PA 9083). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 121), 331/0 (Lycurg. 1.1, Aeschin. 3.252). Aewv (PA 9101). Brings an eisangelia (no. 82) against Timagoras, 368/7 (Oem. 19.191, Xen. Hell. 7.1.38). Ambassador to the king of Persia, 368/7 (Hell. 7.1.33). AewufJev'T/S" KecPaAijfJev (PA 9141, APF). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 88), 362/1 (Hyp. 3.1-2). Slralegos, 362/1 (Diod. 15.95.2). AewufJiv'Y}S" AewufJevoVS" KecPaAijfJev CPA 9142+9144, APF). Stralegos, 324/3 (Rein muth no. 15b.4-6); 32312 (Plut. Phoc. 23, Paus. 1.25.5). AVKa~fJoS" (PA 9189). Ambassador to Sparta, 372/1 (Xen. Hell. 6.3.2). AVKLVOS" (PA 9198). Brings a graphe paranomon (no. 17) against Philokrates, 348/7 (Aeschin. 2.14, 3.62). AVKoAewv (PA 9226). Synegoros for Chabrias in an eisangelia (no. 84), 366/5 (Arist. Rh. 1411 b6-7). AVKOVP'YOS" AVKOq,pO VOS" BovTa?l'T/S" (PA 9251 + 9247, A PF). Proposes eleven decrees of the people: (1) honours for?, 336/5 (IG IJ2 328.8-9); (2) the despatch of a squad ron against pirates, 335/4 (JG IJ2 1623.281-82); (3) honours for Diotimos, 334/3 (lG 112 414a [SEG XXI 2761, Plut. Mor. 844A); (4) permitting the Kitians to erect a temple, 33312 (JG 112 337.31-32); (5) honours for a Plataean, 332/1 (JG 112 345. 9-10); (6) honours for Neoptolemos, 338-330 (Oem. 18.114, Plut. Mor. 843F); (7) honours for Eudemos, 330/329 (JG 1I 2 351.10-11); (8) payment to hieropoioi, 329/8 (?) (lG If2 1672.303); (9) honours for an epimeleles, 328/7 (JG 112 452.11 [SEG XXI 284]); (0) payment concerning the Eleusinion, 327/6 or earlier (IG IJ2 1673.65); (11) honours for Sopatros, before 324 (Hesperia 43 [1974] 322-24 no. 3). Proposes in the boule a decree concerning a sacrifice, 329/8 (?) (IG 112 1672.302). Proposes six nomoi: 0) concerning various offerings, 335/4 (lG 112 333.14); (2) concerning comic actors; (3) concerning statues and authorized texts of Aischylos, Sophokles, and Euripides; (4) prohibition against buying freeborn captives for slaves; (5) con cerning a festival of Poseidon; (6) concerning women's transport to Eleusis by car riage, all before 324 (Plut. Mor. 841 F-842A). Brings four eisangeliai: 0) against Lysikles (no. 112), 338/7 (Lycurg. fr.xii Con,); (2) against Autolykos (no. 113), 338/7 (fLiii); (3) against Leokrates {no. 120, 331/0 (Lycurg. l.l, 5, etc.); (4) against Menesaichmos (no. 126), before 325/4 (fLxiv). Brings an endeixis (no. 32) against Aristogeiton, 325/4 (Oem. 25.1. 14; Din. 2.13). Addresses the ecclesia (I) opposing the extradition of ten leading Athenians, 335/4 (Plut. Phoc. 9.10); (2) opposing the deification of Alexander, 324/3 (Plut. Mor. 842D). Synegoros (I) for Ariston in an eisangelia (no. 119), ca 333 (Lycurg. frLx-xi Con,); (2) for Polyeuktos of Kydantidai in an eisangelia (no. 124), 330-324 (Hyp. 3.l2); (3) for Polyeuktos of Sphettos in a graphe paranomon (nos. 31, 36 [?]), 336/5 (Lycurg. fr.ix Con,). Defen dant in an eUlhynai, before 324 (Din. fr.viii Con,). Ambassador to the Peloponnese, 343/2 (Oem. 9.72 [om. SFYO); Plut. Mor. 841E). <> E7T;' rfi BW~"'UH, 330's and 320's (Hyp. fL139). AVKOCPPWV (PA 9255). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 119), ca 333 (Hyp. 2.3, 20). HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151 MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 173 Avcri8w<; (PA 9399). Brings a dokimasia rhetoron against Theomnestos, 394-384 (Lys. 10.1); I follow Gernet/Bizos in emending Eim1YYEA.A.E to E~YYEA.A.E, (f JHS 100 (I980) 89. AVU"tKA.71<; (PA 9422). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 112), 33817 (Lycurg. fr.xii Con.). Straregos, 33817 (Diod. 16.88.1). AVU"tKPcfTT/<; Oivaw<; (PA 9465). Ambassador to Thrace, 356/5 (Ie IF 127.36). AvcrLcrTpaTO<; (PA 9598). Strategos, 366/5 (?) (Xen. Veet. 3.7). MalJTLa<; MavTLOeov @OPLKW<; (PA 9667, APF). Strategos, 360/359 (Diod. 16.2.6). MavTi8Eo<; (PA 9674, (f APF 364). Addresses the ecclesia, ea 400 (Lys. 16.20). MHBia<; K T/cPrnoBWpov 'Avayvpacrw<; (PA 9719, A PF). Proposes some nomoi concern- ing the cavalry, 349/8 (Oem. 21.173; Goodwin ad lac. suggests that Meidias, as a hipparch, procured the enactment of laws he did not personally propose). Addresses the ecclesia (I) accusing the retiring boule, 356/5 (Oem. 22.10); accusing the hippeis, 349/8 (Oem. 21.197)~ (3) on numerous other occasions (Oem. 21.153, 202). Ad dresses the boule suggesting the arrest of Aristarchos, 34817 (Oem. 21.116). Pyla goros, 340/339 (Aeschin. 3.115). MHBia<; MHBiov 'Avayvpacrw<; (PA 9720, APF). Proposes in the eeclesia an honorary decree for Phokion, before 322 (Hyp. fr.150). Defendant in a graphe paranomon (no. 39), before 322 (Hyp. fr.150). MEA.aVTT/<; IloTaJ.tw<; (PA 9779+9780). Brings a public action against Demosthenes, 33817 (Oem. 18.249). Melantes is mentioned as one of Demosthenes' prosecu tors in the period after Chaironeia. The type of public action employed was ei ther a graphe (paranomon) or an eisangelia or an euthynai, cf Hansen, Eisangelia 10-11. MEA.aVw7To<; AaX'TITo<; AiI;wVEV<; (PA 9788). Proposes a decree of the people appointing a keryx, 368-353 (lG 112 145.13). Brings a graphe paranomon (no. 13) against Eukte mon, 354/3 (Oem. 24.13-14). Addresses the ecclesia frequently (Plut. Dem. 13.3). Defendant in euthynai (I) before 361 (Arist. Rh. 1374b25); (2) before 353 (Oem. 24.127). Ambassador (I) to Sparta, 37211 (Xen. Hell. 6.3.2); (2) to Egypt, before 354 (Dem. 24.127); (3) to Mausolos, 355/4 (Dem. 24.12). Strategos, 355/4 (lG IF 150, restored). M£A.T/TO<; (PA 9825). S:vnegoros for Kephisios in an endeixis (no. 10)' 400/399 (Andoc. 1.94) . MEVEA.ao<; MEVEA.OXOV MVPPLVOVU"tO<; (PA 9963, APF). Ambassador to the king of Persia, 341/0 (?) (Lycurg 1.24). MEVE~EVO<; (PA 9972). Proposes two decrees of the people: (I) amendment to honours for Straton of Sidon, 364/3 (?) (lG 1)2 141.29); (2) repayment to Athens of a debt of 3 talents, before 363/2 (Ie IF 111.8-9). MEVEcratXJ.tO<; (PA 9983). Elected prosecutor in the apophasis in consequence of the Harpalos affair, 324/3 (Plut. Mor. 846c). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 126), 325/4 (Lycurg. fr.xiv Con.). <> E7TL rfi BWLK-T,crH, before 324 (Dion. Hal. Din. 660, (/ Sauppe 343). MEVEcr8EV<; 'IcPLKpaTov<; ·PuJ.tvovU"to<; (PA 9988, APF). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 102), 356/5 (Isoc. 15.129, Dion. Hal. Dill. 668). Srraregos, 356/5 (Dion. Hal. Dill. 668, Nep. Timorh. 3.2); 333/2 (?) (Oem. 17.20). MEViTT/<; MEVWVO<; KvBa8T/vaLEv<; (PA 10055). Proposes a decree of the people appoint ing a hieropoios, 360's (D. Peppa-Delmouzou, ArehEph 1971, 137-45, doubting the identification) . MEVWV IloTcfJ.tw<; (PA 10085). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 95), 361/0 (Oem. 36. 53). Srraregos, 36211 (Oem. 50.12); 357/6 (Ie IJ2 124.20. MOtPOKA.71<; Ev8vB-T,J.tov 'EA.EVfTivto<; (?) (PA 10400+10401). Proposes a decree of the people concerning offences against emporoi, before 342 (Oem. 58.53, 56). Addresses the assembly although formally imprisoned, before 324 (Oem. Ep. 3.16; (f Hesperia 8 [1939] 180). MOA.OTTO<; EvvoJ.tOv 'AfjJtl)vaLo<; (PA 10403+ 10406). Strategos, 349/8 (Plut. Phoc. 14.2, Paus. 1.36.4). HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151 174 RHETORES AND STRA TEGOI MOVL71'7Ti8T)~ (PA 10414). Proposes in the ecclesia an honorary decree for Kleonymides, 403/2 (IG IJ2 7.3-4). Proposes in the boule an honorary decree for the sons of Ape mantos, 403/2 (IG IJ2 6.7). NavatKAl1~ KAEapxov '0110EV (PA 10552, APF). Proposes a decree of the people con cerning naval equipment, 334/3 (IG If2 1623.313); responsible proposer of several of Demosthenes' decrees, 338/7 (Aeschin. 3.159). Proposes in the ecclesia the election of Aischines as envoy to Philip, 347/6 (Aeschin. 2.18). Synegoros for Aischines in an eUfhynai, 34312 (Aeschin. 2.184). Ambassador to Philip three (?) times, 347/6 0: Oem. 19 hypoth. 2.4; 2 [?]: Oem. 19.163-65; 3 [?]: Oem. 19.121). Strategos, 353/2 (Diod. 16.37.3); before 334/3 (IG 112 1623.329-30). NE01TTOAE#-W~ I:.KVPW~ (PA 10647). Addresses the ecclesia in support of peace with Philip, 347/6 (Oem. 19.12,315). NLK7/paTO~ NLKiov KVOOVTi8T)~ (PA 10742, APr). Tamias sfratiotikon, 345/4 or 344/3 (IG 112 1443.13). NLKOM£lXO~ (PA 10934). Defendant in an eisangelia (no. 140), 399/8 (Lys. 30). NLKO,.uVT)~ (PA 10968). Proposes in the ecclesia (?) a decree (nomos?) about citizen ship, 403/2 (?) (schol. Aeschin. 1.39; cf GRBS 20 [1979] 38). NLKouTpaTo~ 0opaLEv~ (PA 11029). Ambasssador to Olynthos, 376/5 (IG IJ2 36.4). NLKOqx;JV (not in PA). Proposes a nomos on silver coinage, 375/4 (Hesperia 43 [1974] 157-88). NOOL71'7TO~ Avuwv J1WILELEV~ (PA 11131). Proposes in the ecclesia an honorary decree for Rheboulas, 331/0 (IG 112 349.9-10). 2EVOOOKO~ 'AxapvEv~ (PA 11192). Ambassador to Byzantion, 378/7 (IG 112 41.l9). 2EVOKAEi8T)~ (PA 11197). Addresses the ecclesia opposing Kallistratos, 370/369 (Oem. 59.26-27). 2EvoKAl1~ 2ELvioo~ I:.c/YT!TTW~ (PA 11234, APF). <> bTl, rfi 8WLK7/UEL, ca 330 (?) (Hes peria 29 [1960] 2-4 no. 3). 'OpOo{30vAo~ ~K KEpa~wv (PA 11489). Ambassador to Byzantion, 378/7 (IG IJ2 41. 17). na~Ao~ EVLULE~ (PA 11531, APr). Proposes in the ecclesia an amend ment to an honorary decree for Euphron, 32312 (IG 112 448.31). na~o~ 'AXEpoovuw<; (PA 11540). Brings an eisangelia (no. 143) against Timarchos, 361/0 (Aeschin. 1.l 09-12). na~Ao~ KELpw8T)~ (PA 11545, APr). Defendant in an euthynai (?), 389/8 (?) (Ar. Plut. 174-75 with schol.; Plat Com. fr.14 K.; Oem. 40.20, 22). Strategos, 390/389, 389/8 (Xen. Hell. 5.1.2). nav8w~ I.wKAEO~ ~{ Owv (?) (PA 11575). Proposes two decrees of the people: (1) honours for Dionysios, 369/8 (IG IJ2 103.6); (2) alliance with Dionysios, 368/7 (IG IJ2 105.6). namLKo~ 'EAEVUivw~ (PA 11676-79, APr). Addresses the ecclesia although formally imprisoned, before 324 (Oem. Ep. 3.16). nEpiav8po~ nOAvapaTov XOAap'YE~ (PA 11800, APF). Proposes in the ecclesia an al liance with Peloponnesian poleis, 36211 (IG If2 112.5-6). Proposes a nomos on naval symmories, 358/7 (Oem. 47.20. nL MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 175 330-324 (Hyp. 3.41, cf 12). Defendant in 0) a graphe paranomon (no. 35), 330-324 (Hyp. 3.15-18); (2) an endeixis (no. 31), 326/5 (Din. fr.ii Con.); (3) an apophasis, 324/3 (Din. 1.58-59). Synedros in the Korinthian synedrion, before 324 (Hyp. 3.20, cf G. T. Griffith, History of Macedonia II [Oxford 1979] 638 n. 1). IIoA.VEVKTO~ (PA 11947 [?]). Strategos 360-322 (Hyp. fr.xlv.182-84). According to PA the reference is to Polyeuktos of Kydantidai. IIoA.vEVKTO~ LWUTPUTOV Lqn,TTI,O~ (PA 11925 + 11934 + 11950). Proposes four decrees of the people: (1) concerning Neapolis, 356/5 (IG IJ2 128.8); (2) honours for ?, 332/1 (IG IJ2 344.11-12); (3) honours for Theophantos, 33211 (IG IF 368.8, cf Walbank in ZPE 48 [1982] 266-but 9 [?] spaces for the demotic); (4) honours for Dionysios, 324/3 (IG IJ2 363.7-8 [SEG XII 89}). Brings a graphe paranomon (no. 31) against Kephisodotos, 336/5 (Polyeuktos frr.l-2 Sauppe). Defendant in an apophasis in consequence of the Harpalos affair, 324/3 (Din. 1.l00). Ambassador (I) to the Peloponnese, 343/2 (Oem. 9.72, Plut. Mor. 841E); (2) to Arkadia, 32312 (Plut. Mor. 846c-D). IIoA.vKpaT7j~ IIoA.vEVKTov 176 RHETORES AND STRA TEGOI r.'Tpa'TOKhTi~ Ev8v8",~v aWI-LE~V<; (PA 12938, APE). Elected prosecutor in the apopha sis in consequence of the Harpalos affair, 324/3 (Din. 1. 1). r.W(TUChTi~ (PA 13232). Brings a public action against Demosthenes, 338/7 (Oem. 18. 249, c1 supra MEA&:II'T"1~). r.Ox/xA.o~ (PA 13414). Proposes two decrees of the people: (1) honours for Phil---, 394/3 (JG 112 19.4-5)~ (2) honours for Euagoras, 394/3 (JG 112 20 [Hesperia 48 (1979) 180-93]). r.Ox/xA.o~ 'ApLU'TO'TEhO~ MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 177 (Hyp. 4); (3) Chairephilos in an apophasis, after ca 345 (Hyp. fr.lix, P.Oxy. 2686); (4) Euxenippos in an eisangelia (no. 124), 330-324 (Hyp. 3.41). Syndikos in the Delian affair, 343 (?) (Hyp. fr.xii, Oem. 18.134). Elected prosecutor in the apophasis in consequence of the Harpalos affair, 324/3 (Hyp. 1). Defendant in two graphai paranomon, (1) 338/7 (no. 26: Hyp. fr.xviii); (2) 338/7 (no.27: Hyp. fr.vi, Aristogei ton fr.iii). Ambassador to (1) Thasos, 361/0 (?) (Hyp. fr.xxiii); (2) Rhodes, 34211 (Hyp. fr.xlviij); (3) Kythnos (?), 338/7 (Hyp. fr.xxviii); (4) Elis, 33211 (Hyp. fr.xxv, P.Oxy. 3360): (5) the Peloponnese, 32312 (Just. 13.5. IOL 178 RHETORES AND STRA TEGOI Philip, 34817 (Aeschin. 2.13); (5) election of ten ambassadors to Philip, 347/6 (Aes chin. 2.18); (6) peace and alliance with Philip, 347/6 (Oem. 18.21, Aeschin. 3.54); (7) concerning the oath on the peace, 347/6 (Aeschin. 3.74); (8) honours for Philip and appointment of ambassadors, 347/6 (Oem. 19.47-48); (9) concerning Philip, 346-343 (Oem. 18.75). Defendant in (1) a graphe paranomon (no. 17), 34817 (Aes chin. 2.13-14); (2) an eisangelia (no. 109), 344/3 (Hyp. 3.29-30). Ambassador to Philip three times, 347/6 {1: Aeschin. 2.18, 47; 2: Oem. 19.189; 3: Oem. 19.120. For the patronymic (f Hesperia 5 (1936) 393-413 no. 10.46, 111. MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 179 Aristid. Panath. 172.3-4); 388/7 (Xen. Hell. 5.1.10); 387/6 (Nep. Chabr. 2.2); 379/8 (Hell. 5.4.14); 378/7 (Diod. 15.29.7); 377/6 (Diod. 15.30.5); 376/5 (Hell. 5.4.61); 373/2 (Hell. 6.2.13); 369/8 (Hell. 7.l.25): 366/5 (?) (schol. Oem. 21.64); 363/2 (Ie IF 111.18); 359/8 (Oem. 23.171); 357/6 (IG IJ2 124.20). Xmpe8T/J.I.O<; (PA 15112). Proposes a decree of the people concerning the collection of naval equipment, 357/6 (Oem. 47.20). XmpEcPLAo<; This inventory of 368 politically active Athenian citizens raises a methodo logical question: does the catalogue, as it purports, include all known Ath enian citizens who volunteered as rhetores or were elected strategoi or treas urers? Not quite, and I append a list of citizens who, in the literary sources, are called politeuomenoi or symbouloi or are described in another way as rhetores, but are never once attested as having performed one of the listed political activities: 'ApWT0I-L.q8T/<; KOAAV7e~ (?) (PA 2014, 2013 Add., (f. APF 65): Oem. 10.70-74. fAavKL7MTo<; 'Y1Tepei8ov KOAAVTEV<; (PA 2987, APF): Plut. Mor. 848D. Ev8v8LKo<; (PA 5552): Oem. Ep. 3.31, Din. 1.33. EVKT.q#UUV AovCTtev<; (PA 5800): Oem. 21.103, 139. 'HAEW<; (PA 6400): Din. 1.38. @pam,{30vAo<; @pmro{30vAov LwpLev<; (PA 7309, APF): Oem. 19.280, 290. KaAAL7MTo<; Aal-L1TTpev<; (PA 8074): Oem. 52.28. AVKWV @OPLKW<; (PA 9271): PI. Ap. 23E, Diog. Laert. 2.38. NE01TTOAel-W<; :AVTLKAEOV<; MeALTEv<; (PA 10652, APF): Oem. 18.114, 2l.215. EevoTLJ.I.O<; (PA 11266): Isoc. 18.11. This list shows that an inventory based on attested political activities cannot be complete, owing to the scattered nature of our attestations. Complete HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, "Rhetores" and "Strategoi" in Fourth-Century Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:2 (1983:Summer) p.151 180 RHETORES AND STRATEGOI sources would probably lead to the inclusion of all eleven citizens listed above, and of many others as well, but this problem will be reserved for a future study of the number of Athenian PT,TOPE() Kat uTparrryo[24 THE INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY March, 1983 24 I should like to thank Christian Habicht and Fordyce Mitchel for their helpful comments and advice.