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Armageddon Or Calvary : the Conscientious Objectors of New

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Armageddon Or Calvary : the Conscientious Objectors of New The Conscientious Objectors of New Zealand and "The Process of their Conversion" By H E HOLLAND, M.P. ' Mrs Ballantyne asked for an assurance that the lads would not be subjected to persecution during the voyage to England. Sir James Allen replied that they would be subjected to no persecution whatever. Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2007 witii funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation littp://www.arcliive.org/details/armageddonorcalvOOIiolliala p ^uj; %'/i 3 1822 02466 4732 ARMAGEDDON OR CALVARY THE CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS of New Zealand and "The Process " of their Conversion By H. E. HOLLAND. M.P. n WELLINGTIN. N.Z. :; P:- '•:r.' B. Thj- }/:^o-vr.\.\-A:- Wopr;=^s Pp:N^i-;:- and Pi'e;.:5h;v- j, Co. Ltp. AND P-jB;,;c>H^i - H E. Ho:.!.\N' . 207 Ha-:-> Valley Roao. Brooklyn — —, THE C.O's. Their names are writ in every Clink This small but steadfast band Who for themselves have dared to think And firmly take their stand. The tyrants' boast to crush and kill And this proud spirit bend Does only strengthen each man's will To conquer in the end. Although to-night in prison cell 'Neath Mammon's lock and key, It only holds the earthly shell The mind and soul are free. The Brotherhood of Man's their aim ; So come whate'er betide They'll bear it all m Freedom's name, Their conscience is their guide. Though each should fill a Martyr's grave, What grander end could be ? Their death will only help to pave The road to Liberty. D. BAXTER. In Detention, July 26, 1917. FOREWORD. The publication of this book may be said to have a three-fold purpose. It is written to turn the searchlight of publicity on a policy which had we been wise should never have been written into the Statutes of this country; secondly, to make known some of the shock- ing experiences the men of conscience were called upon to undergo and the terrible price they were required to pay for their crime of holding conscientious objections to military service; and, finally, to make it impossible for such a stupendous wrong to ever again sully the annals of this country with the record of its atrociousness. To this end I have sought to place the book before the public in advance of the General Election. It is imperative that the electors should k«ow the lengths to which a Government, having clothed itself with military despotism, in arrogant disregard of the wishes of the people, found it possible to go in its determination to t anslate into practice the theories of the military extremists. This being so, and because the General Election cannot be much longer delayed, the work of compilation has had to be done in great haste and often during in- tervals snatched from the crowded hours which belong to strenuous campaigning. 1 wish to thank Messrs. Brown and Briggs (Palmerston North; the Social Democratic Party (Wellington), the National Peace Council of New Zealand (Christchurch). the Labour Representation Committee, (Gisborne), the Auckland Waterside Workers' Union, Mr. and Mrs. R. W. S. Ballantyne, Messrs. Ronald S. Badger, Burns, Smith, Begg, and Mofflt, and other friends for placing sufficient funds at my disposal to cover the cost of publication. I also wish to thank Mr. J. Glover, manager of "The Maoriland Worker" for having turned the work out at little more than the cost of production; the conductor of the Country Worker's Page for advance notices in successive issues; "The Worker" mechanical staff for the manner in which they have cheerfully co-operated in hastening the production of the book, as well as for the excellence of their work; and Mrs. Beck, of the Women's International Leasue, for assistance in compiling lists of imprisoned e.O.'s. Whatever profits accrue from the sale of this book will be devoted to the fund for providing for the maintenance of the wives and child- ren of imprisoned and victimised Conscientious Objectors. H.E.H. TO THE WOMEN WHO SUFFERED — ARMAGEDDON OR CALVARY I.—INTRODUCTORY. The war period revealed that there were four types of Con- scientious Objectors to Military Service in New Zealand. On the one hand we had the Religious Objectors, who took much the same view of Military Service as was held by the early Christians. They obstinately persisted in bestowing a literal interpretation on the command of the Galilean Carpenter: "Thou shalt not kill"; and, even as the early Christians were hurled among dreadful serpents, flung into the lions' den, or nailed to the Roman cross, so these latter- day Christians were ready to pay the penalty for their life principles, whether through pitiless years i i the gloom of the prison cell or grimly before the guns of the firing party. Stella Benson, in her novel, "This is the End." says: "You must take either Christianity or War seriously—hardly Ijoth." The extreme Christians of New Zealand chose to take Christianity seriously, and it was unfortunate for them that our War Legislation forbade literal interpretations of the funda- mentals of Christian teaching. Prior to the war there were few in- deed who would not have conceded that the anti-war slogan of the Carpenter was a profound morality. The War Regulations, however, made it an offence punishable with a year's jail to propagate the command: "Thou shalt not kill," and it became a matter for the practical Christian of choosing between Christ and the War Regula- tions. Different in many ways from the Christian Objectors were the Socialist Objectors; of these there were some thou.sands. The Christian Objector is always a Pacifist. Sometimes the Socialist is a Pacifist; often he isn't. There are many Socialists who wouldn't fight under any circumstances whatever. Again, the Socialists are legion who while they would avoid war as long as it could be avoided—would tight to the death in a struggle to liberate mankind from Capitalism. Generally speaking, the Socialist Objector bases his objection on the fact thai wars arc never made bv the workers nor yet in their in- ARMAGEDDON OR CALVARY. terests, but have their foundations in the quarrels of the national capitalists over markets and for economic supremacy. "The interests of the workers of all countries are identical," said the Socialist Objector; "there is no reason whatever why they should kill one another in their masters' quarrels." And, of course, he immediately found himself up against the Military Service Act and the War Regu- lations. Of a different type, again, were the Irish Objectors. Often, of course, the Irishman is a Christian; often he is a Socialist; some- times he is neither. It is seldom that he is a Pacifist; once in a hundred years you will find a Sheehy SkeflBngton—and Skefflngton was of English descent, anyhow. When, during the recent war, many Irishmen in New Zealand objected to military service, their objection was not based on either a Christian or a Socialist reason; its founda- tion was historical. They protested that the Irish had never been voluntary, but always compulsory, subjects of England, and that, therefore, they ought not to be required to fight in England's wars. In support of this objection, they called in evidence seven hundred long and terrible years of history—years of oppression and repres- sion, of recurring artificial famine, of overflowing prisons, of cruel evictions numbered by the million, of a country depopulated by mis- rule. Their history was sound; their case was strong. But the War Regulations reached them notwithstanding. The Maori Objectors were again of a different type. In some re- spects the Maori Objector resembled the Irish—with the difference, of course, that the Maori belongs to a different historical period from his white brother. The Maori Objectors came mostly from the Waikato Tribe. They are not Pacifists; from time immemorial they have been a warlike people. The reasons on which ther objection was founda- tioned are to be found in the history books—particularly Rusden's History. Of course, every Conscientious Objector did not go to prison—nor yet to the hills. Men with families had bitter reason to know that, if they placed high principle first and chose the prison, those most dear to them in life would suffer hardship and hunger, want and misery. And so, out of their great love for the little children whose bread- winners they were, out of the love they bore the good women whose life-mates they were, they made the supreme sacrifice of principle and went "marching down to Armageddon," heavy-hearted, it is true, out still with the pitiful assurance that whether they lived or whether they died their loved ones would be saved, however miserably, from the ravages of hunger. The others resolutely shouldered the Cross, and, "with the moral courage of a God" (as the Dismissed Dominie has written it), unfalteringly directed their steps towards the gloomy summit of the modern Calvary. For there was no other alternative. It was either Armageddon or Calvary. 6 II.—THE COMING OF CONSCRIPTION. Immediately following the outbreak of war in 1914, Sir James Allen, without consulting either Parliament or the people, hastened to promise to the British military authorities an Expeditionary Force of 8000 men, and to maintain this at full strength for the period of the war. No sooner was this promise made than the people were being sternly reminded that they must "honour their obligations," etc. The first Expeditionary Force numbered 7761, necessitating a monthly reinforcement of 1100 men; and, notwithstanding the almost un- thinkable terms offered the volunteers, so great was the response to the call for men that the Main Body was speedily increased by addi- tions from the Reinforcements.
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