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Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans The information provided in this Appendix was obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture ( http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/dietaryguidelines/ ) as a resource to the readers who wishes to integrate the material presented in this volume about the Mediterranean diet and lifestyle with the 2015 Dietary Recommendations for Americans issued by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Human and Health Services. This is the eighth edition since 1980. Appendix A: Dietary Guidelines and Recommendations © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 289 D.F. Romagnolo, O.I. Selmin (eds.), Mediterranean Diet, Nutrition and Health, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-27969-5 290 Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 291 Appendix B: Physical Activity 292 Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 293 Appendix C: Caloric Needs and Food Groups 294 Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 295 Appendix D: Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern 296 Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 297 Appendix E: Health y Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern 298 Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 299 Appendix F: Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern 300 Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 301 302 Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Appendix G: Nutritional Goals Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 303 304 Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 305 306 Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 307 308 Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 309 310 Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Appendix: 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 311 Index A APOE4 allele , 156 Achieving nutrient adequacy , 253 Argan oil Adriatic Mediterranean groups , 47 composition , 79–80 Aging and disease risk , 80 and infl ammation , 156 production , 79 and MD Atherosclerosis carbohydrate diet , 142 and adipose tissue , 90 components , 142 , 143 infl ammatory process , 90 healthy dietary pattern , 142 lipid accumulation in artery wall , 90 lipid , 142 pathogenesis , 94 nutrients , 142 pathogenic pathway , 90 nutritional requirements , 142 , 143 pathology , 90 pattern , 142 risk factors , 94 physiological changes , 142 Atherosclerotic process , 90 reduction, energy requirements , 143 Average American/Western diet , 71 , 73 , 82 , 159 , 168 , Alternative Mediterranean diet score (aMED) , 52 , 241 170 , 174 , 175 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) 182 , 183 , 195 , 240 , 241 , 246 , 250 , 251 , 262 characteristics , 156 characterization , 155 dementia , 154 B and nutrition parameters , 156 Balancing the plate and vascular dementia , 156 dietary pyramid , 282 aMED . See Alternative Mediterranean diet score food pyramid , 280 , 281 , 283 (aMED) Mediterranean recipes , 278–280 American dietary pattern Bioactive food component chronic diseases , 243 high fruits and vegetables , 127–128 controlling factors , 242 MD eating pattern , 123 diabetes , 242 red wine , 129–130 diet-caused cancer , 242 Biodiversity health problems , 242 agriculture , 230 n-3 fatty acids , 242 ecosystem , 230 obesity , 242 food supply , 230 omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid , 242 lifestyles , 229 plasma lipoproteins , 244 Mediterranean foods , 230 SoFAS/sodium , 244 Borage lifestyles , 237 solid fats , 243 Borage ( Borago offi cinalis L. ) , 234 trans-fatty acids , 244 Brain health Amyloid β-deposition , 160 and gastrointestinal microbiome , 157 Animal foods Breast cancer dairy products and meats , 82 alcohol and wine constituents , 171–172 and disease risk , 82–83 anti-infl ammatory response , 174–175 fi sh , 83 benefi cial effect , 175 Antiepileptic effects , 158 bioactives and nutrients , 175 Antiproliferative effect , 125 breast density , 173 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 313 D.F. Romagnolo, O.I. Selmin (eds.), Mediterranean Diet, Nutrition and Health, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-27969-5 314 Index Breast cancer (cont.) CHD . See Coronary heart disease (CHD) carbohydrate/pasta , 173 Cherry Tree ( Prunus avium L. ) , 237 diagnosis , 166 Chickweed ( Stellaria media, L. Vill. ) , 235 and diet , 167 Chlorogenic acids , 131 dietary patterns Chronic diseases , 241 control studies , 169 and cancer , 124 diversity , 169 infl ammation , 126 epidemiological evidence , 170–171 prevention , 4 , 220 , 222 , 241 healthy , 169 Clock circadian regulator gene ( CLOCK ) , 211 and mortality , 169 Coffee plant foods , 169 caffeoylquinic acids , 131 Prudent vs. Western , 170 chlorogenic acids , 131 systematic reviews/meta-analyses , 170 components , 131 estrogen levels , 173–174 consumption , 130 , 131 fat/olive oil , 172–173 LC-MS , 131 Her-2 neu modifi cation , 174 NMR and HPLC-MS , 131 limitations , 175 polyphenols , 131 methodological issues , 167–169 targeted lipidomics approach , 131 oxidative stress , 174 urinary biomarkers , 131 randomized controlled trials , 175 Cognitive health risk , 166 , 167 ketogenic diet , 158 Breast density , 173 , 175 MD Burdock ( Arctium lappa L. ) , 234 amyloid β-deposition , 160 Butyrate paradox , 193–194 assessment tools, standardization , 159 autophagic reaction , 160 and brain volumes , 159 C component , 159 Caffeoylquinic acids , 131 dietary behavior , 159 Cancer EVOO , 159 , 160 breast , 128 , 129 food components , 159 and cardiovascular health , 126 higher and lower adherence , 159 chemopreventive activity , 130 lysosomal activity , 160 and chronic diseases , 124 markers of infl ammation and metabolic profi le , 159 colon , 124 meat and meat products , 159 colorectal cancer cell culture , 125 mini-mental state examination , 160 , 161 prevention , 126 prudent dietary pattern , 159 types , 127 SAMP8 , 160 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) , 4 , 241 Colorectal cancer (CRC) , 190–193 adherence score , 92 fi ber (see Fiber ) atherosclerosis , 90 genetic mutations , 183 , 189 and cerebrovascular disease , 94 mixed diet (see Mixed diet ) clinical events , 94 olive oil (see Olive oil ) coronary artery disease , 93 omega-3 fatty acids (see Omega-3 fatty acids ) EPIC-Elderly Prospective Cohort Study , 92 PIK3CA/PTEN pathway , 189 GISSI-prevention , 93 preclinical and clinical studies , 189 HALE , 93 red meat (see Red meat ) ischemic heart disease , 93 sporadic , 189 Lyon Diet Heart Study , 93 TA cells , 189 MD supplemented , 92 TP53/BAX and SMAD4/TGFβ pathway , 189 meta-analysis , 94 , 95 Conviviality , 231 , 237 non-Mediterranean populations , 93 Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg parameters , 94 (KORA) study , 124 primary prevention , 92 Coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L. ) , 236 protective effect , 93 Coronary heart disease (CHD) , 4 Prudent Diet , 93 Corpus striatum , 157 risk factors , 90 , 93 CpGs . See Cytosine phosphate guanine dinucleotides secondary prevention , 93 (CpGs) CD40–CD40 ligand system , 91 C-reactive protein (CRP) , 90 , 94 , 156 , 185 CD40 ligand , 90 C R P . See C-reactive protein (CRP) Index 315 Culture DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) , 205 breakfast, lunch and dinner , 60 DNMTs . See DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) French eating culture , 59 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) , 125 , 126 , 242 French gastronomy , 59 immaterial patrimony of humanity , 58 space of food consumption habits , 59–60 E CVD . See Cardiovascular disease (CVD) Eastern Mediterranean groups , 47–48 Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) , 126 Eating pattern Cytokines , 90 , 91 , 158 , 172 , 186 , 187 , 195 mediterranean-style of , 297–298 Cytosine phosphate guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) , 205 , US-style of , 295–296 206 vegetarian , 299–301 Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) , 125 , 126 , 242 Elder Tree ( Sambucus nigra L .) , 236 D EPIC-Elderly Prospective Cohort Study , 92 Damask Rose ( Rosa x damascene Herrm ) , 237 EPIC study , 93 Dandelion ( Taraxacum offi cinale, L. ) , 234 Epigenetics DASH diets . See Dietary Approaches to Stop carboxylcytosine , 206 Hypertension (DASH) diets defi nition , 205 Department of Human Health Services (DHHS) , 19 dietary pattern , 209 DHHS . See Department of Human Health Services DNA demethylation , 206 (DHHS) DNA methylation , 205 , 206 Diabetes , 125 , 127 , 131 , 132 formylcytosine , 206 and CVD , 5 H19 lncRNA , 206 development , 18 histone modifi cations , 206 DM , 17 , 98 , 110 , 112 , 113 , 118 nucleosome , 206 type I , 18 posttranslational modifi cations , 206 type II , 5 , 18 , 20 , 105 , 127 , 144 , 146 , 149 , 211 , 242 , Estrogen , 165 , 166 , 169–171 , 173 244 , 246 , 248 , 249 , 251 EURATOM . See European Atomic Energy Commission and obesity , 157 (EURATOM) olive oil , 125 European Atomic Energy Commission (EURATOM) , 45 stroke and heart disease , 18 European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Diet , 89 Nutrition (EPIC) study , 124 MD (see Mediterranean diet (MD) ) EVOO . See Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) Dietary adherence method , 92 Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) , 159 , 160 , 185 , 210 , 241 Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets , 159 , 240 Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) F dietary pattern , 242 , 246–249 , 251 Fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill. ) , 236 Dietary Guidelines , 2015 Fiber caloric needs and food groups , 293–294 animal studies , 187 mediterranean-style eating pattern , 297–298
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