Olericulture – Hort 320 Lesson 1, Intro, Population

Instructor: Dr. Jeremy S. Cowan WSU Spokane County Extension 222 N. Havana St Spokane, WA 99202 Phone: 509.477.2145 Fax: 509.477.2087 Email: [email protected] Olericulture - Welcome Olericulture – Hort 320 Objectives Appreciate importance of vegetable industry Improve knowledge of vegetable cropping systems history classification culture and production handling and marketing Think critically of crop requirements

Olericulture - Welcome Olericulture – Hort 320 Text Book: World Vegetables: Principles, Production, and Nutritive Values 2nd Edition. Vincent E. Rubatzky Mas Yamaguchi 1997, Chapman and Hall ISBN: 978-0834216877 Olericulture – Hort 320 Other Reading: Other textbook chapters Crop production guides Handling and marketing information Emailed to you at least 1 week prior to discussion. Olericulture – Hort 320 Exams: 1 hour, 15 minute exam period 2 mid-term exams Combination of: True/False Multiple choice Short Answer Critical essay Final exam brutally comprehensive Oleiculture – Final Exam Do NOT do this! Olericulture – Hort 320 Term Paper/Presentation: Pick a minor vegetable crop Complete Monday 10/6/2014and turn in a report outline Complete Monday 10/20/2014a written term paper (6-10 pages, dbl spaced plus references) Complete Wednesday a presentation 11/19/2014 (5 - 8 minutes) 12/3 – 10/2014 Olericulture – Hort 320 Term Paper/Presentation: Grade Breakdown: Outline – 5 points Completed paper – 35 points Presentation – 35 points Olericulture – Hort 320 Term Paper/Presentation Content: Taxonomy Use and importance Propagation Production and Pest Control Post-harvest handling Marketing Recipes (optional) Olericulture – Hort 320 Term Paper/Presentation: Examples of minor vegetables: (see text) Amaranth Amaranthus tricolor Cardoon Cynara cardunculus Chervil Anthriscus cerefolium Choyote Sechium edule Cowpea Vigna sinensis Fennel Foeniculum vulgare Olericulture – Hort 320 Term Paper/Presentation: Examples of minor vegetables: Gherkin Cucumis anguira Ground cherry Physalis pubescens Martynia Proboscidea lousianica Okra Hibiscus esculentus Parsnip Pastinaca sativa Peanut Arachis hypogaea

Olericulture – Hort 320 Term Paper/Presentation: Examples of minor vegetables: Rhubarb Rheum rhaponticum Rutabaga Brassica campestris Salsify Tragopogon porrifolius Seakale Crambe maritima Sorrel Rumex acetosa Swiss chard Beta vulgaris var. cicla

Olericulture – Hort 320 Term Paper/Presentation: Examples of minor vegetables: Taro Colocasia esculenta Watercress Rorippa nasturtium Other culinary or medicinal herbs Olericulture – Hort 320 Group Project: Work in groups of 4 (3-5) people Choose a major vegetable crop (from approved list) Contrast 3 production systems Modern intensive (conventional or organic) Market garden Subsistence Plan on ≥4 hours for discussion (keep a log of activities) Present written (3 page max.) and oral report of findings (8 – 10 minutes)

Olericulture – Hort 320 Group Project: Wax or russet potato Solanum tuberosum Onions Allium cepa Sweet corn Zea mays Peas Pisum sativum Lentils Lens culinaris Asparagus Asparagus officinales Hops Humulus lupulus Carrot Daucus carota Melon (cantaloupe) Cucumis melo Tomato Solanum lycopersicum

Olericulture – Hort 320 Grading Rubric: Mid-term exams (2) 33 points each Final exam 34 points Term paper/presentation 75 points Group activity 25 points TOTAL: 200 points Grade Points Grade Points A ≥ 187 C 138 – 146 A- 180 – 186 C- 130 – 137 B+ 172 – 179 D+ 120 – 129 B 163 – 171 D 110 – 119 B- 155 – 162 D- 100 – 109 C+ 147 – 154 F < 100 Olericulture – Hort 320 Course Schedule (subject to change): Mid-term Exam 1 – Sept 29 Term paper topic due – Oct 6 Term paper outline due – Oct 20 Mid-term Exam 2 – Nov 3 Group project report due – Nov 10 Written term papers due – Nov 19 Presentations –Dec 3, 5, 10 Final Exam – Dec 18 * No class Sep 1, Nov 24,26 Olericulture – Hort 320 Keep your syllabus handy. Olericulture - definition Webster’s definition of vegetable

“A usually herbaceous plant (as the cabbage, bean, or potato) grown for an edible part that is usually eaten as part of a meal; also : such an edible part ”

(Legally defined under the tariff act of 1883; declaration that import duties be collected for vegetables but not for fruits)

Olericulture - definition Are Not: Cereal crops Sugar crops Pulse crops Woody fruit crops Are: Almost everything else 90+ economically important crops of various types and species Olericulture – other features

 Generally cultured as annuals  Mostly propagated from seed  Many are insect pollinated  Variable adaptation to climate and environment  Most require intensive management  Production acreage is usually small  All contribute vitally to the human diet Olericulture – Hort 320

 WHY are we studying vegetable crops?

Nutrition

Diet diversification

Food security

 Because they are critical to betterment of the human condition Questions for Discussion

 What is projected for human population in the future?

 How will we feed all of these people? Human Population Growth

 Thomas Malthus’, An Essay on the Principle of Population: Geometric expansion of people 1x – 2x – 4x – 8x – 16x etc… Linear increase in food supply 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7… Human Population Growth - Factors

 Dependable food production, transportation  Rising incomes  Improved housing and hygiene  Medical advances

Life expectancy in 1900: 47 years in 1998: 75 years http://www.un.org/ Human Population Growth

Page 7, Fig 1.7, Chrispeels and Sadava. Plant, Genes and Crop Biotechnology. 2nd Ed. Human Population Growth

Page 2, Fig 1.2, Chrispeels and Sadava. Plant, Genes and Crop Biotechnology. 2nd Ed.

Human Population Growth

In the last half of the previous century:

Page 4, Fig 1.4, Chrispeels and Sadava. Plant, Genes and Crop Biotechnology. 2nd Ed. Human Population Growth

Page 5, Fig 1.6, Chrispeels and Sadava. Plant, Genes and Crop Biotechnology. 2nd Ed. Human Population Growth Human Population Growth

UN Population Division predicts:

 Fertility will continue to decline to replacement in 2050  Life expectancy will continue to improve Overall population will level off at 10.5 billion people by 2150. Human Population

 Feeding the hungry masses

North Korea (2 million deaths)

Many areas of Africa

Afghanistan One person in seven is chronically underfed Greatest growth – greatest need – in areas of the world where subsistence farming is practiced Human Population Growth

 Migration:  The U.S. receives over 1 million immigrants a year  Europe migrants from North Africa and Middle East  From southern and eastern Europe to the western European nations Human Population Growth

 Migration within countries common  In developing nations in 1850, 11% of the population lived in the cities  Currently, 84% of the population lives in urban areas Human Population Growth  How do we increase food supply to match increasing populations?

 Increase amount of land in production.

 Increase the productivity of land already in use.

Sustainability issues (Earth Summit II) Human Population Growth

 Importance to a class in Vegetable Crops?

Caloric needs versus Nutritional needs

There is a shortage of food materials (fruits and veggies, tubers, root crops, nuts), which are the most important plant foods to supply humans with many of their nutritional needs: minerals, vitamins, proteins, starches, fats, and sugars.

Human Population Growth

“If the global community continues to work together to find ways to increase agricultural productivity and income sustainability, it will be able to meet the challenges of a growing world population while providing better, healthier life for all the world's citizens. Better agriculture unleashes economic growth, raises incomes and leads to smaller families.” Lisa Rao – “Future Harvest” published in the Cousteau Society’s magazine, Calypso Log