25772 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973

Cheshire, Joseph M ., xxx-xx-xxxx . T he following person for appointment as a R ichard R . Johnson Billy J. Palmer Dabney, Roger B., xxx-xx-xxxx . R eserve of the A ir F orc e, in the g rade of Gerald G. K emp Clarence R . Perry Doyle, Lawrence A., xxx-xx-xxxx . lieutenant colonel (line of the A ir F orce) , Lee T. Lasseter R aymond F. Perry Flaten, Eric A., xxx-xx-xxxx . under the provisions of section 5 93, title 10, Timothy B. Lecky R obert A.. Phillips Jr. Frymire, R ichard I., Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . United S tates Code, and Public Law 92 -12 9: John B. Legge Ferrell F. Powell Jr. Glenn, Elmer, Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . LINE OF THE AIR FORCE Paul F. Lessard George C. Psaros Luther A . Lono E arl S. Piper Jr. Grabovsky, Bruno J., xxx-xx-xxxx . To be lieutenant colonel Hamby, Eugene A., xxx-xx-xxxx . E lliot F. M ann A lbert Pitt xxx-xx-xxxx Hemstreet, Stanley W., xxx-xx-xxxx . Law, Richard 0., . Charles L. M anwarring Charles A . Reynolds T he follow ing persons for appointment as Hill, Edward Y., xxx-xx-xxxx . Joseph P. M arada Paul E. R idge a R eserve of the A ir F orce in the grade of Krausse, Joel B., xxx-xx-xxxx . R obert J. M artin Geoffrey H. Root lieutenant colonel (line of the A ir F orce) , Lane, Junior L., xxx-xx-xxxx . Jerry W. M arvel Paul E . R oush under the provisions of section 5 93, title 10, M arsella, Gaetano F., xxx-xx-xxxx . R onald B. M cCrindle William J. S cheuren United S tates Code, and Public Law 92 -12 9: M artin, Robert E., xxx-xx-xxxx . James M . M cGarvey John M . S olan O'Bryan, William H., Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx LINE OF THE AIR FORCE James A . M cGinn Patrick R . Stingley James S. T ardy Patterson, Ben L., Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . To be lieutenant colonel David S. M cIntyre xxx-xx-xxxx R ichard 0. M erritt M ilton S. T hompson Rosenbaum, Fred M ., . Barnes, Daniel J., xxx-xx-xxxx . Serra, Harry A., xxx-xx-xxxx . K enneth P. M illice Jr. John S . V ogt Schneider, John E., xxx-xx-xxxx . Hobart M . Wallace Jr. Solomon, K enneth S., xxx-xx-xxxx . R obert F. M illigan T he following person for appointment as a William F. M ullen M ark H. Waterbury III Walker, Joe G., xxx-xx-xxxx . R eserve of the A ir F orce (M edical S ervice R obert G. N eal Jr. Eugene L. Wheeler Wiles, Richard L., xxx-xx-xxxx . C orps) , in the grade of lieutenant colonel, Harold M . Nelson Lawrence A. Whipple Yokoyama, Irvine K ., xxx-xx-xxxx . under the provisions of sections 5 93, and Daniel F . M . N ielsen George P. Wuerch MEDICAL CORPS 12 11, title 10, United S tates Code, and Public John W. O 'Donnell Flaherty, Timothy T., xxx-xx-xxxx . Law 92 -12 9, with a view to designation as a IN THE ARMY Harris, Hugh S., Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . M edical S ervice Corps officer under the pro- T he following-named person for reappoint- Paret, Robert W., xxx-xx-xxxx . visions of section 8067, title 10, United S tates ment to the active list of the R egular A rmy Peterson, Evan A ., Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . Code: and A rmy of the United S tates with grades as Sheusi, Carl J., xxx-xx-xxxx . MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS indicated, from the temporary disability re- T he following officers for promotion in the To be lieutenant colonel A ir F orce R eserve, under the provisions of tired list, for a period of 1 day , un der the V anscoy, Howard W., Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . provisions of title 10, United S tates C ode, section 837 6, title 10, United S tates Code and Public Law 92-129. IN THE NAV Y sections 1211 and 3447: T o be major general, R egular A rmy, and lieu- NURSE CORPS Comdr. Grace M urray Hopper, U.S . N aval R eserve (retired) , for permanent promotion tenant general, A rm y of the United S tates Lieutenant colonel to colonel to the grade of captain on the retired list of Lawrence J. Lincoln, xxx-xx-xxxx . M cKenna, M adeline, xxx-xx-xxxx . the U.S . N aval R eserve, in accordance w ith The following-named officer to be placed on LINE OF THE AIR FORCE article II, section 2 , clause 2 , of the Constitu- the retired list in grade indicated under the provisions of title 10, United S tates C ode, Major to lieutenant colonel tion. section 3962: Baird, Keith, M ., xxx-xx-xxxx . V ice A dm. C. E dw in Bell, U.S . N avy, for T o be lieutenant general Bauer, Fred L., xxx-xx-xxxx . appointm ent to the grade of vice adm iral, Lt. Gen. Lawrence J. Lincoln, xxx-xx-xxxx , Bilich, M elvin W., xxx-xx-xxxx . w hen retired, pursuant to the provisions of A rm y of the United S tates (m ajor general, Brannan, Stephen E ., xxx-xx-xxxx . title 10, United States Code, section 5233. U.S. Army) . Perry, William J., xxx-xx-xxxx . IN THE MARINE CORPS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CHAPLAIN CORPS T he following-named officers of the M arine R ob ert H en ri B in der, of the D istrict of C o rp s fo r tem p o ra ry a p p o in tm en t to th e Camp, A rthur J., xxx-xx-xxxx . C olum bia, to be an A ssistant S ecretary of DENTAL CORPS grade of lieutenant colonel: T ran sp o rtatio n , v ic e Jo h n L . H azard, re- Brown, Leo M., xxx-xx-xxxx . Harold J. A lwan Umberto Giannelli signed. T homas P. A ngus R obert K . Goforth MEDICAL CORPS R oy F. A rnold Winston 0. Goller Bickle, Rudolf G., xxx-xx-xxxx . V ladimir H. Bacik R obert L. Gray, Jr. CONFIRMATIONS Taylor, William M ., xxx-xx-xxxx . E rnest F . Baulch James T . Hagan III Executive nominations confirmed by NURSE CORPS R onald L. Beckwith George L. Hammond the Senate July 24, 1973: Biangardi, George A., xxx-xx-xxxx . C ornelius F . B ehan Jack F . H ansston Smith, M ary L., . R obert M . Black Gerald E . Harbison DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND xxx-xx-xxxx WELFARE Wickizer, Russell R., xxx-xx-xxxx . R obert C. J. Blacking- Hans S . Haupt ton Thomas W. Haven T he following persons for appointment as S tanley B. T homas, of N ew York, to be an R obert B. Booher R ichard W. A ssistant S ecretary of Health, E ducation, and R eserve of the A ir F orce (M edical Corps) , Jam es A . B racken, Jr. H aw thorne Welfare. in th e g ra d e o f lieu ten a n t c o lo n el, u n d er James W. Bridges David Y. Healy DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY the provisions of section 5 93, title 10, United Donald E . Bullard Edward J. Heise S tates Code, and Public Law 92 -12 9, with a H arlan P. Chapman K arl R . H eiser W illiam L. Gifford, of N ew York, to be a view to designation as medical officers under R obert C. Cockell John W. Hemingway Deputy Under S ecretary of the T reasury. the provisions of section 8067, title 10, United Charles K . Conley Charles E . Hester BUREAU OF THE CENSUS States Code : Gene A. Deegan R obert A . Hickethier V incent R . B arabba, of C alifornia, to be MEDICAL CORPS R obert R . Doran William H. Horner, Jr. Director of the Census. John M . Dye A nthony C. Huebner (T he above nom inations w ere approved To be lieutenant colonel Henry D. F agerskog E mmett S . Huff, Jr. subject to the nominees' commitment to re- Bergstrom, Terry J., xxx-xx-xxxx . James F . F arber Laurice M . Hughes spond to requests to appear and testify be- Fox, Raymond M ., Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . M ervin A . Fiel R ichard V . Hunt fore any duly constituted committee of the M orris, John R., xxx-xx-xxxx . Charles G. Gerard William A . Johnson S enate.)

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

HUNTINGTON (W. V A.) ADV ERTISER aware of how they are personally af- prominent in our thinking. Effective and EDITORIAL STRESSES NEED FOR fected by our country's energy shortage. efficient means of removing pollutants M O R E R E SE A R CH T O R E M O V E The lack of adequate supplies of gasoline are urgently needed. This is particularly POLLUTANTS FROM COAL has brought home to the citizens of the true w ith respect to coal, w hich is United S tates the fact that the energy America's most abundant energy source. HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH crisis is real. The Federal Government is involved OF WEST VIRGINIA This crisis affects more than just sup- in research to make coal a cleaner fuel. plies of gasoline. It is, likewise, a com- These activities, however, should be ex- IN THE SEN A TE O F THE UN ITED STA TES plex situation with many interrelated panded. The Huntington, (W. V a.) A d- Tuesday, July 24, 1973 factors. As we work to find realistic so- vertiser recently published an editorial M r. RANDOLPH. M r. President, the lutions to our energy requirements, en- discussing this situation and the need for American people this summer are acutely vironmental protection must remain expanded research to remove sulphur July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25773 oxides from coal. This perceptive edi­ environment, and our diminishing domestic Mr. Mason joined the Irvine Co. as an torial clearly defined the problem and supplies of natural gas and petroleum all administrative engineer in 1959. He was mandate a search for newer and cleaner fuel steps that should be taken to overcome sources. The great potential of West Virginia elevated to the presidency of the south­ it. In a letter to David A. Peyton, editor coal for alleviating the fuel shortage was ef­ em California land development and of the editorial page of the Huntington fectively emphasized in your editorial of agricultural firm in 1966. Mr. Mason was Advertiser, I further discussed the prob­ July 9. nationally prominent for his leadership lem of assuring that coal is a non-pollut­ Coal is our country's most abundant fuel in the development and implementation ing energy source. and West Virginia can and must perform a of the Irvine Co. general plan--encom­ Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ major ·role in meeting future energy require­ passing 80,000 acres of land in Orange sent that the editorial and my letter be ments. The success of our involvement de­ County, Calif. pends, as you observed, to a large degree on printed in the Extensions of Remarks. the development of technology to remove Although obviously busy with his cor­ There being no objection, the ma­ dangerous sulfur emissions from burning porate interests, Mr. MaE:on found time terial was ordered to be printed in the coal. to serve as western region president of RECORD, as follows: I recently urged the Senate Appropriations the Boy Scouts of America. He has been RESEARCH INTO COAL USE CAN CLEAN Am Committee to add $20 million to the Environ­ honored by his community over the BY 1975 mental Protection Agency budget for research years with such awards as the "City of West Virginia will have cleaner air by on sulfur oxide removal. This additional Hope Man of the Year," election to the 1975 or energy production will be drastically money was approved and will greatly accel­ American Academy of Achievement, and cut as the result of a decision last week erate the Federal effort in this vital area. recipient of an honorary doctor of sci­ by the West Virginia Air Pollution Control Another important factor is the perfection Commission which holds the state to the of methods to convert coal to synthetic, non­ ence degree from Chapman College. 1975 deadline for implementation of the polluting fuels and Federal programs in this From 1966 until his untimely death on federal Clean Air Act. field are advancing. the 14th, Mr. Mason has contributed Gov. Arch A. Moore Jr. had asked that Along with stepped-up research on emis­ that which he has learned over the years the implementation of the new standards be sion controls, the Federal government must in the civil engineering field to those extended to 1977, but the federal Environ­ expand its support for research into con­ men who today are attempting to suc­ mental Protection Agency turned down his version processes. This type of research in­ ceed in the field. request by its silence. vestment can have immediate and beneficial West Virginia, as a major producer of results. Technology permitting the greater From his early days as an assistant electricity through coal combustion, stands use of West Virginia coal would also soften professor of civil engineering at Wash­ to lose from the action unless something is the increasing reliance on foreign fuel ington University, up to and including done and done in the next two years. But sources. the completion and opening of the mod­ moreover, the whole nation stands to lose, The Senate study of fuels and energy, ern 1,000-acre site of the University of for the energy produced through the burn­ which is being carried out under legislation California at Irvine, Bill Mason has con­ ing of West Virginia coal is responsible, in I authorized, and in which I am an active tinually dedicated himself to the cause part, for keeping the entire East Coast from participant, is providing our first compre~ being plunged into darkness. hensive look at America's long-range energy of education. He served as a member of The mandate is clear. We must clean up requirements and the ways in which they will the board of fellows of Claremont Col­ the process of coal combustion by 1975. And be met. lege, and as a member of the president's if there are any who still doubt the emis­ If we are successful in conquering the pol­ council of Chapman College, sions from coal combustion can be harmful lution problems associated with burning coal Bill is survived by his lovely wife, to life, they need only look at what happened and in converting coal to clean fuels it is Elizabeth, and his three children, Mark, recently at the Clements State Tree nursery obvious there will be a tremendous demand Wendy, and Miriam. near Lakin in Mason County where it is for this fuel. The government, therefore, believed emissions from the Kyger Creek should not ignore additional research into It is with a heartfelt feeling of loss Power Plant, four miles away, damaged mining technology. New environmentally for both the family and the community thousands of seedlings. sound methods of producing coal must be that I bring this to the attention of the The answer lies in coal research--a way to devised to supply future demands. Members of the House of Representa­ eliminate the sulfur emissions and other Coal has many attractive features for be­ tives. dangerous gases which pollute the atmos­ coming America's primary energy source in phere as the result of making electricity. the future. This promise cannot be fulfilled, The state now has a wedge it can use to however, without continued research to adapt push for increased research into ways of this traditional fuel to modern usage. The WEST GERMAN CHANCELLOR making the burning of high-sulfur coal Advertiser has perceived this need, and I am BRANDT EXPECTS A LOT FROM cleaner and safer. This nation has enough grateful for your support in this important AMERICANS coal--enough potential energy-to last 2,500 effort. years, if the methods can be found to take Truly, it from the earth and burn it without de­ JENNINGS RANDOLPH, Chairman. stroying the environment. HON. JOHN R. RARICK Such research is being carried out at this OF LOUISIANA time. The U.S. Department of the Interior has announced it will build an experimental TRIBUTE TO WILLIAM RALPH MA­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SON, CALIFORNIA LAND DEVEL­ pollution-free power boiler fired by high­ Tuesday, July 24, 1973 sulfur coal at its coal research facility at OPER RiversvUle, W.Va. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the anti­ The boiler will use a bed of lime that will American pronouncement of West Ger­ trap sulfur from the coal and filter the HON. CLAIR W. BURGENER man Chancellor Willy Brandt comes at burned gas. a most delicate time. The President and This is the type of research that will save OF CALIFORNIA us from a major energy crisis and unbridled IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the State Department may have assured the Brandt forces that the U.S. would pollution. Tuesday, July 24, 1973 But more research is needed. The federal retain 210,000 American troops in Ger­ government needs to expend more money on Mr. BURGENER. Mr. Speaker, I rise many but Congress has not rubber­ :fipding ways of using coal, our only sure to brtng to the attention of this body the stamped the deal as yet. source of energy beyond the immediate passing of a man whose loss we in south­ Chancellor Brandt demagogging for future. For the sake of our health, we must em Califomia and, indeed, the entire his people by attacking U.S. dollars is have cleaner air by 1975, or sooner. And for State of Califomia will feel greatly. reported to have said, "Europe cannot the sake of our country, we must produce On Saturday, the 14th day of July, save the Americans the effort they have more energy. Research and experimenta­ 1973, William Ralph Mason, president of to make for themselves." His retort is tion into coal 1s the key that will unlock the Irvine Co., located in Irvine, Calif., reminiscent of the recent attack by an­ the doors to both these goals. died at his residence in Newport Beach, other NATO leader, Monsieur Pompideau Calif., of a heart attack. Mr. Mason was of France. U.S. SENATE, born on September 9, 1918, in Seattle, Still criticizing· the American dollar COMMITTEE ON PuBLIC WORKS, Wash. He received his bachelor of crisis, Brandt is quoted as saying, "The Washington, D.O., July 20, 1973. Mr. DAVID A. PEYTON, science degree in engineering from the Americans are expecting a lot from their Editor, Huntington Advertiser, University of Washington and then went friends and allies." Many young military Huntington, W.Va. on to receive his master of science de­ men serving in Germany could reverse DEAR MR. PEYTON: The rapidly growing de­ gree from the Massachusetts Institute this remarks by saying that Herr Brandt mands for energy, the need to protect the of Technology. is expecting a lot in the way of financing, 25774 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973 aid, and men from his American friends a living wage, and we doubt that few would havior of man toward the unborn. I am and allies. argue that $2.20 an hour ls more reasonable, in this economy than $1.60. Still, there are in complete accord with Dr. Johnson's Other Americans can also reflect that serious complications. view that- one of the easiest solutions to our dollar The first and most obvious is that there is_ once the absolute value of each individual crisis and Chancellor Brandt's dissatis­ absolutely no need for anything that will to his own life vanishes, existence no longer faction would be to immediately with­ contribute to further inflation, and it goes remains as a right, but becomes a privilege d;raw all U.S. troops from West Germany without saying that a 37 per cent increase in to be granted or denied by those in authori­ and cut off the flow of U.S. cl.ollars to that the minimum wage would do precisely that. tative positions. country. . A great many workers are at the minimum­ Dr. Johnson presents a compelling case Some of our leaders Washmgton wage level and the increase would mean that m lnfiationary purchasing power would greatly for the view that there can be no con­ thought they were doing Herr Brandt expand. flict of rights between the expectant a favor rather than vice versa. The second, and in certain respects more mother and the unborn child. Both have A related newsclipping follows: serious, is that minimum-wage increases the right to life which must be pos­ BRANDT SAYS UNITED STATES MUST MOVE TO hlstorically have had a paradoxical effect: sessed by all humans at all stages of their DEFEND DOLLAR they often work to the disadvantage of ex­ development. actly the people they are intended to help. BoNN, July 22.-West German Chancellor [From the Freeman, August, 1972] Willy Brandt tonight took the United States Big labor, which lobbies ardently for them, to task for its attitude on the international doesn't gain much beyond political accom­ ABORTION: A METAPHYSICAL APPROACH monetary crisis and European-American pllshment: virtually all union labor is paid (By Thomas L. Johnson) trade. well above the minimum wage. But mini­ The issue of abortion has occupied the In an interview given at his Norwegian mum-wage workers in marginal jobs often minds of humans for as long as civilized so­ holiday retreat and broadcast by West Ger­ find that a hike simply eliminates their ciety has existed. There have been times man television, Brandt told the Americans jobs-and thus reduces their income from when abortion was legally condoned and so­ marginal to nothing, they could not expect Western ~~.trope to cially accepted, and other periods of man­ solve the dollar crisis for them. - Domestic work, for example, is paid for kind's history when this practice was out­ "Europe cannot save the Americans the not out of the coffers of huge corporations lawed and considered to be a criminal act . effort they have to make for themselves," but from the budgets of ordinary (and some, Today, at a point in time when the rights the chancellor said. financially, not so ordinary) citizens. If a of individuals are being attacked, ignored or The chancellor's statement was by far the housekeeper is now paid $12.80 for an eight­ destroyed, we are again Witnessing a resur­ strongest official indication of West German hour day, and the law suddenly requires a gence of the debate on abortion, and withm displeasure with Washington's attitude on jump to $17.60, the employer may decide that the past few years, the passage of laws which the dollar crisis since the dollar began to fall · he or she simply cannot manage it. The ren10ve most or all restrictions which .have, again early this month. housekeeper may be dismissed, or her hours in the previous history of this nation, pro­ Washington's apparent inactivity has may be reduced to avoid an increase; either tected the individual rights of the -most vul­ prompted angry German editorials. In an way, there is no benefit. nerable, defenseless .and innocent of human apparent reference to such criticism, Brandt The same is true for teen-agers seeking beings: the unborn child. said: "The Americans are expectlng quJ.te a part-time work and for older people trying The abortion controversy ls not just an­ lot from their friends and allies." to supplement Social Security and pension other dispute causing people to occupy op­ Brandt made his discontent even more income: their employment opportunities de­ posing intellectual and legal camps. It is not crease as employers find thelr financlal re­ obvious by his reference to export restric­ sources strained. a subject that can be equated in importance tions the Nixon administration recently im­ with other national concerns. Abortion is an posed on soybeans. In the best of all possible worlds, a high issue which must be recognized as one of and universal minimum wage would be mar­ the most, 1f not the most important argu­ velous . .But this is .not the best of all possible ment of our times, for it deals with an attaek worlds, and a higher minimum wage would on -the fundamental right of au humans: the AN UNWISE WAGE HIKE be a mistake. President Nixon will be well­ .right to life. When -tnis right, upon which advised to veto the bill when it reaches him. all other rights depend, can be set aside; when, at the whim of an adult, a new human HON. JESSE A. HELMS life can be destroyed slmply because another OF NORTH CAROLINA THE RIGHT TO LIFE human does not wish to allow this life to IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES continue; when it is decided that one stage of human life is of no real value-that its Tuesday. July 24. 1973 HON. JACK F. KEMP existence is an inconvenience to others and OF NEW YORK Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I com­ can thus be terminated-mankind loses its mend to my colleagues a sensible edi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES most precious value. Once the absolute value 23 Tuesday, July 24, 1973 of each individual to his own life vanishes, torial that appeared July in the existence no longer -remains as a right. but Greensboro, N.C., Daily News. Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, changing so­ becomes a privilege to be granted or denied The author of this editorial, unlike cial mores have taken their toll on our by those in authoritative positions, by ma­ many others who have written and basic respect for human life as witnessed jority vote, or by the caprice of an unreason­ spoken to the contrary on the issue of by the recent Supreme Court ruling on ing mother. the minimum wage increase, obviously abortion. The abortion issue is extremely THE NATURE OF EXISTENCE understands the name of the game con­ complex and requires a thoughtful bal­ There is but one approach that can be cerning inflation and its root causes. ance of moral, social and personal values. taken in dealing with the subject of abor­ Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ tion-the metaphysical approach. .Metaphys­ However, when the ~o-called right of sent that the Greensboro Daily News ics is a branch of philosophy which involves privacy supersedes the right to life itself, the attempt to understand the nature of editorial, .headed "An Unwise Wage and convenience impinges on human dig­ existence. to explain and scientifically ana­ Hike," be printed in the Extensions of nity, I think we are sadly out of balance. lyze natural phenomenon realms. Since abor­ Remarks. Albert Schweitzer once wrote: tion is dealing with the destruction of the There being no objection, the editorial If a man loses reverence for any part of human embryo or fetus, it ls necessary to was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, life, he will lose his reverence for all life. .examine the biological nature of these en­ as follows: tities and apply this information to another AN UNWISE WAGE HIKE With the legalized sacrifice of the un­ -division of philosophy-Ethics--in the at­ born, we have taken one giant step to­ tempt to determine the correct behavior of Raising the minimum wage is politically men toward these Intrauterine stages. popular, and at least in theory it ls sound ward loss of reverence for all human life. Among those who advocate abortion, who policy as well, but tO.e bill that is about to .state that a woman should be able to ter­ come out of Congress is likely to create more Dr. Thomas L. Johnson, professor of minate a pregnancy simply because she de­ proolems than benefits. Given the state of chordate embryology at the University sires to do so, there are two significant the economy and the tight employment situ­ of Virginia, has presented a most ation, a higher Ininlmum wage ls one of the groups. One group states that the entity last things we need right now. thoughtful and intelligent analysis of the within the uterine cavity is not a living Similar legislation passed by both houses abortion issue which I would like to bring human being, that the embryo or fetus ls to the attention of my colleagues. Dr. simply a cluster of multiplying cells that and now in conference would raise the Inini­ could be considered .as a -p-art of the mother's mum wage from $1.60 an hour to $2.20 and Johnson takes a metaphysical approach to the abortion issue-examining the body. The other group considers the embryo extend it to seven million workers not now or fetus to be human, but argues that there covered, among them teenagers, persons over pertinent biological data within the con­ is conflict between the rights of the mother 65 and domestic workers. No one questions text of proper ethical standards in an and those o~ the unborn child. That the the essential point that these people deserve attempt to determine the correct be- mother must have full control over her body, July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25775

and that if she is denied this right she will ALL VERTEBRATE LIFE BEGINS IN AN AQUATIC of pregnancy do ascribe rights to this new fall victim to the rights of the unborn. ENVmONMENT human life, but it is argued that the rights THE ESSENTIAL OF REPRODUCTION AMONG There is another important, but generally of the mother take precedence over those of VERTEBRATES overlooked, aspect of the development of the unborn child and thus she has, or should have, the legal and moral right to terminate What is the actual nature of the intra­ vertebrates which is germane to the discus­ sion of abortion and which would shed light the life of this new individual at any or cer­ uterine stages and does a real conflict exist tain limited, stages of its existence. This lat­ between the mother and the unborn? In on the nature of the intra-uterine embryo or fetus. It is a well known biological fact that ter position requires a succinct examination. order to answer these questions it will be A woman must have full control over her necessary to briefly analyze the known es­ all vertebrate life must begin in an aquatic environment. Fishes and amphibians gen­ own body at all times. She must be free to sentiall! of reproduction, particularly those take any action which is deemed necessary to factors which apply to vertebrates, of which erally release the sex cells into a body of sust~in her life. For instance, if it can be the human is the mpst advanced form, and water and the zygotes and embryos develop there. In the land vertebrates, which do not medlCally determined that carrying her un­ correlate this knowledge with the issue of the born child to term would probably result in rights of the embryo or fetus, and the mother. deposit their eggs into water, a sac forms around the embryo which fills with fluid. her death, she cannot be expected or re­ Sexual reproduction-reproduction of quired to sacrifice her adult independent life sperms and eggs, and their subsequent fu­ Consequently, each vertebrate, including the human, must spend the first developmental for. the life of an immature, dependent off­ sion-is characteristic of most forms of life, sprmg. (Actually, in many such cases, both and is the only method of reproduction pos­ phase of its life in a water medium, and it ~he mother and the fetus could die, resulting sessed by numerous animal groups (for ex­ is only after the new organism has achieved the necessary physical development (not ac­ 1n the loss of two lives, instead of just one.) ample, all vertebrates). Once a mature ani­ Since medical science has advanced to a point mal produces the sex cells, they are released complished by fishes and some amphibians) , that it is able to continue its life in a gaseous at which such life and death situations rarely from the organs in which they formed (the occur, the argument in favor of abortion in testis or ovary, and usually pass into ducts environment. (Even if humans should achieve the tech­ order to preserve the life of the mother has leading to the outside of the organism. Either only limited application. Although this is the the sperms and eggs are released into water, nological ability to raise what science fiction writers have called "bottle babies," these case, the legal code should specifically grant at which time fertilization occurs immedi­ ~bortioZ?- if the mother's life is seriously ately, or sperm cells are .introduced into the "bottles" would be filled with fiuid. It is only because the human organism begins its life, JeopardiZed, which it has done throughout female tract and fertilization will eventually the history of this nation. take place within the body of the female. not in a glass container in which one could The essential point is, that at the time of observe the rapidly changing new life, but MITIGATING CmCUMSTANCES fusion of sex cells, a new generation of a in a dark cavity out of sight, that older hu­ Are there other circumstances that might species is produced. mans find it possible to pretend that these arise which would, or could, legally and mor­ Within each cell of an animal there are younger humans are not living or are not ally permit an expectant mother to undergo two sets of chromosomes (filaments contain­ human. If the growth of the unborn child an abortion? The answer is yes-in cases of ing genes). When the sex cells are formed, were to be observed by the mother, the legal_ly proven (which is sometimes difficult), each sperm or egg contains only one set of issue of abortion would most likely never unwillfully engaged in acts of rape or incest. chromosomes but when a sperm fuses with have become a matter of world-wide con­ When an individual does not commit an act an egg the full complement of chromosomal cern, for what psychologically healthy mother, of his own free will, he (or she) cannot be pairs is re-established. It is at this point, at seeing the unborn child within herself, held responsible for the consequences of this the time of the formation of the zygote (the would choose to destroy it. act. Although this is true, it does not alter cell formed by the fusion of the sperm and Metaphysically, by its nature, every new the fact that a new life is existing and that it egg) that a new organism comes into exist­ human life must spend the first months of will be destroyed if aborted. The most hu­ ence. its existence in an aquatic environment, mane response to such a circumstance would In human reproduction, the sperm ferti­ within the amniotic sac, if it is ever to ex­ be to encourage the expectant mother to lizes the egg in the upper portion of the perience a later stage of human existence. No carry the child to term, but no one could oviduct. A new human life thus begins its human life has ever bypassed this require­ require this of the victim. existence in the cavity of the oviduct, and ment, or ever will-at least not for many mil­ There are some who insist that abortion since it takes several days for the new orga­ lions of years, if then, considering the pres­ should be allowed for other medical reasons­ nism to reach the uterus, it is already an ent rate of evolution. Every new human life in the case of diseased or malformed fetuses. embryo by the time it enters that organ. must also have first been a zygote, then an But what individual physician, or board of embryo and finally a fetus before it is pre­ THE POINT OF SEPARATION physicians, or legislative body has the abil­ pared to live outside the fiuid medium. To ity to determine what diseased condition or One frequently hears the argument that contend that human life is only human at what deformity could warrant killing the the zygote, embryo or fetus is a part of the time of birth, that the intrauterine en­ unborn (or the born)? No such judgment is the mother's body over which she must have tity is not an actual but only a potential possible, either for the intrauterine or extra­ control. Without question, this is not the human being, is untenable. uterine human. case. Once sperms and eggs are discharged IF NOT A HUMAN BEING, THEN WHAT IS IT? from the sex organs, they are no longer a "HANDBOOK ON ABORTION" part of the organism which produced them. For those who insist that human life Dr. and Mrs. J. C. Willke, in their recently These highly specialized cells, which have begins only at birth, the question that must released book, Handbook On Abortion, em­ been produced by a special form of cell be asked is: What is this entity developing phasize this point when they write: "This division (meiosis-other body cells are within the uterus if not an actual human price tag of comfort or utilitarian usefulness, formed by the process of mitosis) , are of no being? Is it possible that by some magic at called euthanasia when applied to incurably value to the organism which formed them the time of birth, that this alleged potential ill post-born humans, applies equally well to (as regards the maintenance of its own being is somehow, within a matter of min­ the pre-born human who is also judged to life) -thus they either degenerate or they are utes, transformed into an actual human be so deformed or mentally deficient that he released from the sex organs and pass into being? To rational individuals, in possession too should not be permitted to live. This a tube on their way out of the body. Ulti­ of scientific facts, the answer is incontro­ criterion and value judgment which permits mately a small fraction of these discarded vertible. Both the unborn child and the new­ humans to continue to live only because they sex cells will fuse. Under no circumstances born child is .an actual human being, and at are us~ful and independent is an utterly could one consider mature released sex cells, the time of brrth, the child is merely moving barbanc concept. Once life has a price tag on or any subsequent organism resulting from from one required environment (aquatic) to it and is no longer an absolute right then the fusion of these cells, as a part of the a new required environment (gaseous) so all life is endangered, an life is only ~orth individual which generated them. that it can continue to develop into the suc­ the current price tag placed upon it by (Although the human embryo attaches ceeding stages of its life until it eventually society, the state, the master race or those itself to the wan of the uterus in order to ends its existence at the time of death. in positions of power." ' gain needed substances from the mother The biological facts relating to the repro­ Ha:Ving full control over her own body for its gorwth and development, it does not ductive process and the first stages of hu­ LoNDoN.-Is housing a public utility? Does finance Columbus just to prove the world anyone have the right to leave a. house was round; she wanted to claim for Spain He joined the Irvine Co. as adminis­ vacant? Should persons be allowed to have the rumored riches of the Indies. trative engineer in 1959. He was elevated little used vacation homes? The primary motivation for most explora­ to the presidency of the southern Cali­ These are questions heard more and more tion has been monetary and it still is. fornia land development and agricultural frequently in the housing short United King­ Budget-pinched Americans have some­ firm in 1966. dom. Their echoes can be faintly heard on times construed our space budget as an "ex­ His many civic interests included ac­ American shores, too, where rising prices are pense" rather than an "investment." tive participation in the Boy Scouts of beginning to rival the crunch conditions Even members of Congress whose districts here. lack jobs dependent on space exploration America, for which he currently served The squatters movement is an active force are inclined to ignore the long-term fringe as western region president. on the British housing scene. It has it roots benefits. Among Mr. Mason's honors in recent in the deprivations that followed World War The myriad products and processes which years were his selection as "City of Hope II when thousands of Britions illegally oc­ have already resulted from our Investment Man of the Year," election to the Ameri­ cupied vacated army camps in a desperate in space exploration have profited us eco­ can Academy of Achievement, selection effort to find any kind of shelter. nomically many times over. by the Orange County Press Club as Today, with 30 percent of the people living For example, new electrical wiring which in subsidized public housing, the desperation can be stuck on a wall and painted over, bat­ headliner of the year 1972, and recipient underscored by Nazi V-bombs is gone. But teries which can be charged 100 times faster, of an honorary doctor of science degree costs are forcing people to accept a. grade of more accurate digital clocks, the sight­ from Chapman College. housing that goes against the grain of mod­ switch with which a paralyzed person can Mr. Mason began his career as assist­ ern expectations. steer a wheelchair. ant professor of civil engineering at the The situation is not unlike that in the Each of these is a. spinoff from our suc­ University of Washington. He never States for the young marrieds, the elderly cesses and our failures in space. separated himself spiritually from the and others of modest means. Rent of near Safer automobile tires, antifogging com­ $200 a month for a. one-bedroom private pound for your windshield and your eye­ cause of education, serving as a member apartment in London isn't easy to manage glasses, improved lubricants and heat-toler­ of the board of fellows of Claremont Col­ on a. young schoolteacher's typical $6,000 a. ant ceramics for kitchenware--all have been lege, as a member of the president's year salary, even when supplemented by a harvested from "empty space" technology. council of Chapman College and as a secretary's typical $3,800. Space exploration has resulted in 1,892 prime mover in the planning, establish­ But then how many young American mar­ patents for practical, usable, beneficial, pro­ ment and development of a University rieds can afford the $200 plus rents on new ductive "things" which never were before of California campus on a 1,000-acre site apartments in Central Jersey or the $31,000 a.nd might never have been. that new homes cost on the average in the And yet we invest only two cents of each in the city of Irvine. United States in March? federal budget dollar in this highly profitable Bill Mason died at the peak of a dis­ The Army Corps of Engineers is being har­ research while 45 cents of every dollar goes tinguished career. He combined the tech­ assed by squatters in vacated homes in the to one or another form of welfare. nical skiiis of the engineer with the arts long-delayed Tocks Island reservoir project Last year our government spent a. total of the dedicated builder seeking with along the upper Delaware River. These of $3 billion on space; California. alone spent imagination and deep understanding squatters are depicted as hippie types. that much on welfare programs! practical solutions to human needs. His But the British squatters, while some Forgetting the material blessings just the might be classified as hippies, are mostly medical fallout from 11 years of spa.ceflight achievements are inerasable. made up of families on welfare dissatisfied may add that many years to the life of each with public housing conditions, poor work­ of us. ing families that can't afford high rents and Illnesses are now being diagnosed and students with limited means. treated by remote control. Bloodless surgery THE CRITICAL HOUSING PROBLEM The housing that is being squat in consists is being performed now with tools developed largely of homes that have been vacated for by space medics. delayed urban · renewal projects, luxury Our space-bought knowledge of our own HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN apartments empty because of high rents, of­ pl.a.net--its seas, its resources, its climate­ OF NEW JERSEY fice buildings left vacant as tax write-offs, is of infinitely greater ecological significance IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES houses awaiting transfer of ownership and than the combined efforts of the short­ vacation homes. sighted ecologists who would divert space Tuesday, July 24, 1973 The squatters movement has achieved a money. Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, one of the degree of respectability here. One of the America has not bought so much for so movement's leaders, Ron Bailey, has just had little since the Louisiana. Purchase. most critical domestic problems facing a. book, "The Squatters," published as a The "bread" we spread in space comes back the American people is the field of hous­ Penguin Special. a. hundred-fold! ing. In it Bailey describes the contemporary Every day I receive letters, telegrams effort that began in the Redbridge section and telephone calls from constituents, o:fj London in 1968 and which today has for­ WILLIAM RALPH MASON deploring the housing shortage and high mal organization in the Family Squatters interest rates. These conditions are more Advisory Service. The service aids at least 16 family squatting associations in London bor­ HON. B. F. SISK than just unfortunate--they are out­ oughs. OF CALIFORNIA rageous and are preventing the realiza­ As Bailey describes the thrust: tion of the American dream: To buy and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Squatting should be the movement of or­ own your own home. dinary people to challenge the authorities on Tuesday, July 24, 1973 I am especially disturbed over the the whole issue (of housing). It must become Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, William Ralph plight of the veteran, who now faces the the living demonstration that ordinary peo­ Mason, president of the Irvine Co., passed dark prospect of paying interest rates as ple will no longer accept the intolerable hous­ high as 8 percent because of recent legis­ ing shortage. It must become the threat that away on July 14 at his Newport Beach will compel government, national and local, home. Family spokesmen attributed his lation passed by Congress. I closed many to change its priorities." death to a heart attack. He was 54. He is mortgages for veterans at 4 percent and What Bailey has in mind are these: survived by his wife, Elizabeth Shannon, to me, it is a virtual crime to have "Luxury fiats lying empty for years while and three children, Mark Gregory, Mrs. veterans pay 8 percent when their loans people rot in slums is an apt symbol of the Wendy Crawford, and Miriam Denise. are guaranteed by the Government. Our false priorities of our •a.muent' society." Last rites were held at Pacific View citizens--especially our veterans­ "The sign outside proclaiming 'offices to let' should be helped, not hurt, by the Gov­ symbolized all the priorities that we rejected. Memorial Park, Corona del Mar. "The system typified by large empty office Mr. Mason succumbed in the family ernment. The Home News, of New Brunswick, blocks is a. good target for squatters." home at 1907 Galatea Terrace, Corona Bailey's view of the system is this: del Mar, at approximately 3 p.m. He had N.J., published two excellent articles on "While land values increase because of been in good health and was working at the critical housing problem-one by property speculation, councils are hamstrung the company offices Saturday morning. Sunday editor Robert J. Bailyn, and the in any attempt to acquire land for housing. Mr. Mason, a native of Seattle, Wash., other, an editorial. and while interest rates continue to rtse. was nationally prominent for his leader- These articles follow: councils continue to ha.v.e to pay out enor• 25778 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973 mous sums to borrow money to finance house ant consequences that would be felt at the and Eisenhower as well. George Reedy, the building. meat counters and gas pumps. press secretary for President Johnson wrote "Even the most wi11ing council in the world But if farm crops, oil exploration, trains a book in 1970 in which he described the iso­ is therefore at the mercy of this system of and other things can be subsidized, so can lation-chamber atmosphere of the White private speculation, private money lending mortgages. Some mortgages are, mostly for House, the atmosphere of a king surrounded and property developing." construction of low income apartment only by his fawning courtiers. He concludes: "The badly housed and the houses. · Watergate is the result of both the growth homeless will be the basis for a new radical It is a matter of priorities, which is also of presidential power-the President's prac­ housing movement." spelled political pressure. tice of ruling by memo and by executive or­ Interestingly, the Ministry of Housing, the If enough people are made miserable, if der--and also of the inability of Congress to Greater London Council and other govern­ public clamor gets loud enough, if voting maintain and to exercise the powers granted mental groups here have vigorous housing levers are pulled for candidates who favor to it by the Constitution. Therefore, the programs that dwarf anything in the United programs that will enable people to pur­ larger job which faces our representatives is States. One sees very little rundown housing chase houses at rates they can afford, then to revamp the machinery of Congress, to en­ like that in Trenton, Newark or other older dream cottages will again become realities. able it to fulfill the role required of it. For U.S. cities. For now, it's an 8 per cent mortage if instance, Congress must have its own staff Yet some people in Britain havE.\ already you can find a banking institution willing of civil servants equipped, and of adequate taken matters into their own hands. to give you one. strength to furnish Congress with the facts Is a large-scale squatters movement pos­ needed for a real policy making role, without sible in the United States? Perhaps so, i:t: being dependent upon the executive branch. costs and shortages go unabated to the point WHAT HAPPENS AFTER WATER­ In addition, the Office of Management and that enough persons become desperate. GATE? Budget must be brought wholly within the In New Jersey today, for example, about the control of the Congress. We've always known only housing being built are luxury apart­ that whoever exercises the power of the purse ments, luxury private homes and posh retire­ HON. BELLA S. ABZUG and the power to make war is the ruler. It ment communities. These are where the OF NEW YORK took the English two revolutions to get this maximum profits are in today's private power out of the hands of the monarch and marketplace. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES into those of Parliament, and the farmers Public programs are few, and the federal Tuesday, July 24~ 1973 of our Constitution themselves fought one ones are being dismantled by the Nixon bloody revolution on this very issue. They Administration. Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, for many were terrified of the possibility of presiden­ Someday American students, young mar­ months I have been striving to prevent a tial tyranny and they foresaw just the kind rieds, workers of modest means, welfare recip­ domination of the United States by the of activities that fill this morning's news­ ients and others may have little choice but executive branch of Government. The papers. to follow the lead of the British squatters. Congress must maintain its strength as Watergate is a warning to us that if we treat the presidency with reverence rather designated in the Constitution. than with respect, if we view the President DREAM COTTAGES HARDER To FINANCE Following is an address on this subject as being our monarch instead of being our A mortgage on that dream cottage by by Mr. Ivan Shapiro, president of the most important servant, if we permit his the Raritan now costs more. Last week the New York Society for Ethical CUlture, power to go unexamined and unchecked, permissible rate in New Jersey was raised which was broadcast by WQXR on July radio talk.s such as this will not be heard for from 7.5 to 8 per cent. That's only a half 3 of this year. ·I hope my colleagues will long. America is not the place for treating per cent, but on today's typical new 25- find this piece as interesting as I have: the President's critics as the nation's year mortgage of $20,000 or more, the added enemies, or for spying on such opponents and The address follows: destroying them. The wrongdoers have been cost to the home buyer is $2,000 to $3,000. WHAT HAPPENS AFTER WATERGATE? Even so, the home buyer is likely to find caught and doubtless many will be punished. mortgages hard to get, and banking institu­ We will be in the midst of Watergate for a But if it again becomes possible for a presi­ tions finicky. The fact is that 8 per cent in long time yet, but one thing is ~pparent. The dent to rule as a tyrant, it will be because today's tight money market isn't a good re­ immediate threat to liberty is over, at least you and I have not assured ourselves of hav­ turn for lending money. for the next few years. The Soviet-style ac­ ing representativ~s in Congress who are The prime rate, the interest that a bank tivities and the mentality of the Administra­ capable and desirous of discharging their can charge the likes of American Telephone tion, have been brought into the open, and Constitutional responsibiilties to us. or General Motors for a loan, has gone to 8.5 the wrongdoers are on display before an per cent. And Treasury bills, which have the angry public. Our rescue came just in time. full faith and credit of the U.S. government We have learned that attempts were made to THE APOLLO 11 ANNIVERSARY OF' behind them, are paying 8 per cent. So why corrupt or pervert the functions of at least ACHIEVEMENT should a bank lend money to Joe Middlesex five non-political government agencies. In at 8 per cent? addition, the criminal acts which have al­ Actually, there are auto, personal and com­ ready been confessed by members of the HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE. mercial loans, corporate bonds, foreign bank President's entourage include illegal wire OF TEXAS tapping, bribery, attempts to tamper with accounts and other places to put money to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES work that can return up to double what can judges, perjury, obstruction of justice and be gotten on a mortgage and often with as burglary. The range of crimes, the variety of Tuesday, July 24, 1973 agencies affected, and the number of partici­ much safety. pants doubtless will grow as the investiga­ Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Banking institutions h,ave more reason tions continue. But no matter what is re­ 4 years ago this week, Neil Armstrong, than ever to seek maximum returns because vealed, this is past history and poses no the federal regulatory agencies also last week a great American, a fine engineer, and immediate threat. now brilliant educator, became the first gave them permission to pay higher returns But if our rescue is to endure beyond the on savings accounts. Hereabouts some are astronaut to set foot on the Moon. Neil life of this Administration, you and I must Armstrong opened a new era in the his­ now offering over 7 per cent on certain term make our voices heard, demanding that our deposits, and one New Orleans savings and elected representatives do their jobs. This tory of mankind. Man, for the first time, loan association has gone to an 8.5 per cent means, first, that they may have to confront was freed from traveling only on the top. squarely and wisely the matter of impeaching planet Earth. Man gained a new perspec­ So, what's the incentive for banks to even the President of the United States and re­ tive of the world he lives in recognizing bother with mortgages? The whimpering of moving him from office. The White House's its enormity yet its smallness in cosmic people who can't sell their houses or can't illegal activities came dangerously close to buy a place to live has little effect in matters dimensions. being a coup d'etat-a. clandestine effort to It is a day that Americans and all the of cold cash. supersede the existing structure of our gov­ Who cares if a young couple can't buy a ernment. If the President was a consenting people of the world can remember with house of its own and must move in with party, he is of course a malefactor. If he had pride, not only as a great feat but also relatives? Who cares if a chap can't take a no knowledge of what his personally chosen as a contributor to the benefit of the peo­ new job because he can't sell his home? cabinet members and closest assistants were ple of this country and of the world. Certainly not the state nor federal govern­ doing, under the cloak of his authority, then People from all walks of life, from all ments. In fact, the Nixon administration has he abdicated his powers and responsibilities parts of our country and from all over been diSmantling its housing programs dur­ and left this country without an elected the world participated in the achieve­ ing tllis second term. leader. The Nixon Administration did not create ment of the first lunar landing which In the short run, very little can be done was then following by a solid set of con­ about interest rates. If they are artifically the circumstances in which a Watergate held down in the U.S., as by a freeze, money could occur. The President's remoteness from tinuous achievements in the scientific will flee abroad where rates are higher. And the Congress, from his critics and from investigation of the Moon. if that is forbidden, international trade reality itself was the legacy left by President Apollo paved the way for the practical would be crippled with all kinds of unpleas- Johnson and perhaps by Presidents Kennedy application of space to the benefit of July 24, 19 73 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25779 man. We would do well on this day to Public Works Department, which sent the lage spokesman said. After the village and plan to the New York State Department of county engineers get those questions remember that our Nation's health de­ Environmental Conservation, which added it straightened out, village and county lawyers pends on our ability to develop and to a water quality plan for a section of Mid­ will take a look at the agreement. If they utilize technology that improves our dle Bay in which the treated sewage was to see no problems, Freeport Mayor William quality of life and strengthens our eco­ be dumped. And that combined plan of about White will sign it and send it to County Pub­ nomic well-being. The Apollo program 150 pages was sent to the New York City of­ lic Works Commissioner John Peters, who will and the programs which follow, today, fice of the U.S. Environmental Protection send it to County Executive Caso, who will contribute to that essential goal. Agency, which sent it to the Washington approve it for Peters' signature. Then Caso office of the Environmental Protection must get the agreement again and approve Agency, which rejected the plan. It was too it for the county board of supervisors' calen­ BUREAUCRACY MOVES SLOWLY expensive, they said. That was in March, 1970. dar. After the agreement is scheduled for NO. 3. THE GREAT TERTIARY PLANT EXPERIMENT discussion, it will be discussed, and there BUT FREEPORT BENEFITS will be a public hearing supervised by the Under the impression that the federal gov­ Nassau Environmental Management Council. ernment had recommended it, Freeport de­ HON. NORMAN F. LENT If it is approved by the board of supervisors cided to try a one-year experiment. It would after the hearing, Caso can sign it. OF NEW YORK give an added, tertiary, stage of treatment to Then the project still must be approved by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 30,000 gallons of its 3,800,000 gallons of daily the state Department of Environmental Con­ sewage. That meant that in addition to every­ Tuesday, July 24, 1973 servation. And if that agency approves it, thing else it was doing to treat those 30,000 then the New York City office of the federal Mr. LENT. Mr. Speaker, we are all gallons, it would take out nitrates, which en­ Environmental Protection Agency must ap­ courage the growth of algae which use up prove it, and after that, the Washington of­ aware of the instances in which the Fed­ oxygen in the water and cause fish to suffo­ eral bureaucarcy seems to impede, rather fice of the Environmental Protection Agency cate. The tertiary plant would remove enough must approve it. And then it is approved. than promote progress. I recently became waste so the 30,000 gallons of sewage even­ Then Nassau County can take bids for the involved in a problem that the residents tually could be returned to Freeport's un­ construction job, bids that have to be ap­ of Freeport were experiencing in trying derground water supply, rather than be proved by the state Department of Environ­ to get an expansion of their sewage dumped in the bay. mental Conservation. When bids are awarded, If the experiment worked (which it did), treatment plant, and soon found out Freeport figured it could get federal money the construction company can start building. And if there are no strikes or shortages, or firsthand how frustrating it can be to to convert its sewage treatment plant into a try and get the system to accomplish tertiary plant large enough to handle much bad weather, the project will be completed in even the most desirable ends. I am more than 4,000,000 gallons a day. And at 1975. Maybe. pleased to say that it now appears that the same time it could replenish the village's NO. 7. BUREAUCRACY: PROS AND CONS the matter is well on the way to favor­ underground water supply. From start to finish it will have taken at able resolution, which proves that co­ So Freeport spent $270,000 on the experi­ least eight years for Freeport to solve the operation between all levels of govern­ ment and one year passed. But when the problem of its aging sewage treatment plant. experiment was completed in May, 1972, There are some environmentalists who believe ment, inspired by citizen input, can re­ there was no federal money in the offing. that eight years is an optimistic estimate. It sult in benefits to the community. I in­ The federal government said it never recom­ will be well after 1975 before the project is clude in the REcORD at this point an mended anything like a tertiary plant to finished, they say, because things just don't article by Emilie Trautmann from the Freeport. It-was interested in the project, yes, move that fast. July 22, 1973, issue of Newsday which but willing to pay for it, no. And so Free­ Some of the questions raised by all this discusses the Freeport sewer problem port tried something else. are: Why is there this "ball of wax," as one and its resolution: NO. 4. SOMETHING ELSE: TRY I Nassau County official put it? Why do things The engineers drew up a plan to hook take so long? Is it necessarily bad that things TROUBLED WATERS FOR SEWAGE PLAN do take that long? (By Emilie Trautmann) Freeport's sewage treatment plant into Nas­ sau County's new treatment plant in Wan­ One Freeport official called the whole thing (Sometime within the next month or two, "ridiculous" and then he compared it to a tagh. It sent the plan to the Nassau Health better known form of bureaucracy. "Ever been Nassau County Executive Caso and Freeport Department and the Nassau Public Works V1llage Mayor William White will sign an to the Motor Vehicle Bureau?" he asked. Department, which sent it to the state De­ But other officials involved in the process agreement to pipe Freeport's sewage to the partment of Environmental Conservation, county's new Wantagh sewage treatment defended it. They say it is necessary. Coordi­ which sent it to the New York City office of nation is important to prevent miscalcula­ plant. The signing will take but a few sec­ the federal Environmental Protection Agency, onds; there will be no ceremony, and only a tions and oversights, they argue. "It's neces­ which sent it to the Washington office of the sary. There's a lot of money involved," said dozen pieces of paper will be involved. But Environmental Protection Agency, which re­ those pieces of paper are just one peak in one. Another refused to use the words "red mountains of red tape that extend six years jected it. That was October, 1972. t .ape." "When you say that you are introduc­ into the past and at least two years more NO.5, TRY II: POLITICS ing biases. It's 'processes of approval,' not red into the future. This story details the Byzan­ So the mayor of Freeport, Robert Sweeney, tape." tine bureaucracy involved in just one sewer went to the representative from his district troo.tment project.) Norman Lent (R-East Rockaway), who by­ NO.1. FREEPORT: THE PROBLEM passed everybody and went to the attorneys THE SEARCH FOR ENERGY Freeport has 42,000 residents; they each for the Washington office of the Environ­ produce from 100 to 125 gallons of sewage a mental Protection Ageny, who accepted a day-about 13 gallons per shower and seven Freeport-Wantagh hook up. That was done HON. STANFORD E. PARRIS in March, 1973. gallons per toilet :flush. Some people produce OF VXRGINlA more sewage than others (those who use What happened was that there had been dishwashers, for instance) , but altogether a cutoff of the 1972 federal Clean Water Act IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the residents produce about 3,800,000 gal­ because of Nixon administration spending Tuesday, July 24, 1973 lons in any given day. That is enough to cutbacks. No additions to any agreed-to keep the Freeport sewage treatment plant projects involving federal money were al­ Mr. PARRIS. Mr. Speaker, the North­ busy. Very busy. And in 1967 that was the lowed, and the Nassau County sewage treat­ ern Virginia Sun, an independent daily problem. ment plant had been agree-to by the fed­ newspaper which serves my congression­ The Freeport sewage treatment plant is eral government. Therefore, Freeport could al district and the district of my col­ not supposed to handle more than 4,000,000 not be added. But Lent was persuasive. Bids for the Nassau project were lower than ex­ league, the Honorable JoEL BROYIDLL, gallons of sewage a day, but it can treat an recently published an editorial comment­ extra 2,000,000 gallons if necessary, say dur­ pected, he argued, and even with the Free­ ing a heavy rainstorm. After the :flow reaches port addition, it wouldn't cost as much as ing on the search for a solution to the 6,000,000 gallons per day, the more sewage originally expected. The Environmental Pro­ growing energy shortage in this Nation the plant has to treat, the less treatment the tection Agency agreed. Work began on the and specifically on a report by the Stan­ sewage gets. So engineers of Baldwin and Cor­ Wantagh project and a formal agreement had ford Research Institute on the energy nelius, a Freeport consulting firm hired by to be worked out between Nassau County situation in California. the village, recommended that something be and Freeport to hook Freeport into the plant At this time, under my leave to revise done: Expand the plant, they said. in Wantagh. and extend my remarks, I would like to NO.2. FIRST FAn.URE NO. 6. NOW AND NEXT include that editorial in the RECORD: The engineers hired by Freeport drew up a So an agreement was drafted between Nas­ WORTH THINKING ABOUT document of about 100 pages outlining plans sau County and the Village of Freeport early A major study of the state of California's to expand the sewage treatment plant, and this month and approved by the Freeport energy requirements to the end of the cen­ that plan was sent to the Nassau Health De­ Vlllage Board two weeks ago. But the village tury has been made by the Stanford Research partment which worked with the Nassau engineers had a "few minor questions," a vil- Institute, one of the nation's leading orga- 25780 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973 nizations of its kind. Findings of the In­ In its appointed task of feeding in policy counted was experience and competence, stitute deal with California, but they apply recommendations and carrying out the de­ with geography a consideration," says a critio in principle to the entire country. cisions of the General Assembly in New York, of the current system. "But now geography A report on the study emphasizes the the Gene,va complex held 475 full-scale meet­ seems to be the only consideration. strong correlation between energy consump­ ings and conferences here last year, with He pointed out that many countries send tion and economic activity. It says, "Taking some 4,900 sessions. inferior people to the United Nations because into account the resource energy base in the The Geneva personnel roster has soared to the top administrators are needed at home. United States and abroad, California should some 2,500 employees, and the budget is ap­ "Some of these countries send people to have adequate energy supplies for hundreds proaching $250 million annually, having Inil­ United Nations posts only for the training, of years.... Despite this impressive re­ lion annually, having doubled in six years, and then go_ back home," says one official source base, both the nation and the state and now even surpasses that of the New York here. face the prospect of energy shortages." headquarters. "And a lot of these countries insist that The report declares, "If California is to Most U.N. activity here is concentrated in we open up senior posts for their ex-ambas­ avoid having such short ages extend into the the huge Palais des Nations, but the specia­ sadors and ex-ministers--posts that they are long term, the state must encourage rapid lized agencies like the ILO (International not at all equipped to fill. development of energy sources rather than Labor Organization), WHO (World Health "Because of these political appointments, impose arbitrary limits of growth on the use the senior staff of the United Nations is suf­ of energy.... Steps such as banning the Organization), WMO (World Meteorological Organization), and the ITU (International fering, and we have to pay m1llions of dol­ use of electricity and the imposition of heavy lars yearly to hire outside consultants to do taxes on energy use could lead to massive Telecommunications Union) also have their own headquarters buildings here. the job." economic disruption and total government Because of the political and geographical control of the economy .. ." Also based here are an alphabet soup of commissions and conferences such as GATT, nature of appointments, critics say, it is al­ The Institute's findings refute charges most impossible to fire anyone, thus incom­ the California power companies are threaten­ the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. UNCTAD, the U.N. Conference on Trade and petents are shifted from division to division in g the coastline with a "picket fence" of but remain within the system. nuclear power plants. It observes that nu­ Development, UNV, the U.N. Volunteers, and UNHCR, U.N. High Commission for Refugees. The Third World countries are demanding clear power is of great econ omic significance that u.N. agencies be located in t-heir areas, to California. Under secretaries general, directors gen­ eral, and division chiefs are as plentiful hence the new Environmental Agency is If its expansion is not permitted, consum­ scheduled to be transferred from Europe to ers will spend $30 billion more between in Geneva as generals in the Pentagion. As the U.N. office mushrooms, filling new Nairobi. 1985 and 2000 for electricity from other The "Third World problem," as it is some­ sources. The Institute states further that, office space as soon as it is created, one senior official growls: "We could get along better times called here, manifests itself in strange " ... sitting and safety criteria for nuclear ways. plan t s are technical problems that can and with 30 per cent less personnel." But he adds, "We will undoubtedly keep Last s·.-mmer, one bright information of­ should be resolved. The I nstitute added that ficer suggested that delega;· ~s to the Stock­ potential savings to California energy users growing, because there is still more room in Geneva than New York." holm environment conference move about are of sufficient magnitude to justify con­ the city uy bicycle as a way of calling ?.tten­ certed and accelerated action by state and Geneva was first selected as the U.N. Eu­ ropean headquarters because it is central and tion to the automobile pollution problem. federal regulatory authorities and the elec­ This idea was rejected by Third World dele­ tric utilities in resolving these problems." because it was the site of the League of Nations. gates who thought that it would be beneath We can't help but feel that the energy their dignity to ride bicycles, and they drove crisis is one of the foremost problems facing In time, it became the center for confer­ ences, agencies and commissions relating to around Stockholm in limousines instead. the people and politicians of this nation; In addition to the U.N. agencies, Geneva whether they be from California or Virginia. the social and economic fields of the United Nations, with the political specialists remain­ has become a magnet for dozens of other And right now virtually any recommenda­ private international organizations ranging t ion is worth thinking about. ing in New York. To staff these conferences here, the United from the World Council of Churches to the Nations provides the translators and press International Red Cross. attaches who grind out 250 million pages of Fully 90 countries, therefore, maintain dip­ reports each year. lomatic missions in Geneva, most of them UNITED NATIONS EXPANDS TO Some of these go to the 200 accredited news headed by an ambassador, and because of the SWITZERLAND correspondents based here, but much of it is existence of these senior missions, inter­ for inter-office use. national meetings, unrelated to the United "There are new reports about the old re­ Nations-like the Stn...tegic Arms Limitation HON. JOHN R. RARICK ports," remarks one rather cynical veteran. Talks--are often held in Geneva. Thus the proliferation of well-heeled in­ OF LOUISIANA And while some of the agencies here like WHO, UNICEF, and GATT have provided in­ terna.tional agencies has provided a bonanza IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dispensable services, the activities of other to Geneva's economy rivali~Lg watchmaking Tuesday, July 24, 1973 agencies like UNCTAD-whose conferences and banking. are few and far between-are questionable. Staffers and delegates spend millions of Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, as the U.S. The specialized agencies here have their dollars annually in Geneva and some towns­ taxpayers' dollars continue to flow, the own budgets which are appro:ved directly by people call the International agencies "the U.N. bureaucracy continues to grow. the General Assembly, and they also have the golden egg." authority to raise their own funds. So profitable is the business of serving the The U.N. bureaucracy has gotten so United Nations that the nearby city of Lau­ large in New York that it is now work­ Thus, some of the agencies here go their own freewheeling way, feeling little respon­ sanne has offered to provide a home for any ing on its second one-world headquarters sibility to the mother U.N. office with which overflow agencies desiring one. in Geneva. they are sometimes in competition for as­ "Geneva is cheaper to live in than New At least the Swiss are more perceptive signments in fields like environment and York or Paris," says one U.N. officer. But the than we Americans in some respects. The pollution. prices are rising particularly since the dol­ Swiss are not members of the U.N. and There is also a confusing criss-crossing of lar devaluation. Our service personnel are do not pay to support the monstrosity authority and responsibility: In the field of paid in Swiss francs, but the professional growing in their midst. drugs, for instance, there is the Commission people get their salaries in dollars." on Narcotic Drugs, the International Nar­ I ask that a related newsclipping fol­ cotics Control Board and the Fund for Drug low. Abuse Control. [From the Washington Post, July 22, 1973] Perhaps more debilitating to the Unocracy, OLD BATTLE U.N. BUREAUCRACY IN GENEVA RIVALS according to senior officials, is the level of NEW YORK'S mediocrity that currently prevails. (By William Tuohy) "Just at the time when our senior people who have been with the United Nations from HON. JOHN M. ZWACH GENEVA .-The United Nations is proliferat ­ the beginning are retiring," says a long-time OF MINNESOTA ing in a quiet yet startling fashion here, now and respected official, "we are saddled with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rivaling the New York headquarters in size a lot of second-rate personnel. and complexity, and soon to become even "I lay the blame to the geographical quota Tuesday, July 24, 1973 bigger. · · system of hiring professional staff." Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, the 4 year What some here call the "Unocracy" has This system provides in practice that every just added a new wing with 700 office units. member country of the United Nations­ producers and consumers bill finally UNICEF, the United Nations Children's there are now 132-should, if it desires, have passed the House late last Thursday Fund, has recently moved from Paris to some kind of representation on the person­ after a great amonnt of give and take. Geneva, joining a half dozen other specialized nel rosters. It is now, in my opinion, the best farm and semi-independent U.N. agencies here. "The original charter indicated that what bill ever enacted. July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25781 Elizabeth C. Mooney with my colleagues, you a. native unless your grandfather was Following the opening of world mar­ born there, think their long-range history kets for our good, it gives the great Mid­ I would also like to extend an open may just put their city on the map. Mayor west the best opportunity ever for an and standing invitation for one and all William Valentine and his Historic Rome De­ era of economic growth and increased to visit Rome, N.Y., city of American velopment Authority have renamed Rome the income. history: "City of American History," and the mayor Before this bill was passed, 0. B. Au­ ALL ROADS IN ROME LEAD TO HISTORICAL is getting rea.dy for what he thinks will be a gustson, editor of the West Central Min­ RECONSTRUCTION large tourist business. (By Elizabeth C. Mooney) ''We expect eventually a minimum 600,000 nesota Daily Tribune, wrote the following visitors a year," says Mayor Valentine. "The editorial on this legislation, which, I Git up there mules, here comes a lock, We'll make Rome 'bout 6 o'clock. Economic Research Company of California, would like to insert into the CoNGRES­ -Old Canaller Song. the same company who did the research for SIONAL RECORD: It was an inauspicious day for the launch­ Disneyland, said to prepare for that many. OLD BATTLE ing. A fine misting rain was falling and the We're making plans and we think we can Down a.t Washington where they ca!l t 1e banks of the old Erie Canal were mudciy handle them." ca.pitol "The Hill" there is the same old bat­ and rutted. Nevertheless, 300 citizens of The Independence and Ft. Stanwix are a tle going on as to a new farm measure. They Rome, N.Y., plus assorted dogs and children, reality, but Mayor Valentine and the Ro­ can pass bills for war and subsidies for other huddled under umbrellas and watched as mans have further ideas. They have discov­ enterprises but when it comes to the matter a lightweight tractor, with the help of sev­ ered an old narrow-gauge steam locomotive of giving or seeing to it that agriculture gets eral sweating and straining men, shoved the and are planning to install a track for it a fair deal economically-then one would 25-ton canal packet boat Independence down along the banks of their reconstructed mile think they were deciding on the very fate the runway for her maiden trip 40 yards and a half of the Erie. Visitors can go by the of the nation. Or if there is some proposal across the canal. Independence to Ft. Bull and return on to bail out the big cities-there is far quicker She hit the muddy water stern first and the train. If enough funds are found be­ action because as is well known-there is had to be nudged off the launching planks. fore the Bicentennial, they will also be able where the bulk of the votes are coming from The newly restored Erie rose in a welcoming to wander about in a canal village, vintage at the next election. splash and a dampish cheer from the crowd 1840, of the type that the canallers knew And then one must add this other side­ saluted her. Her creator, Bill Ott, breathed when they made the nine-day trip from Al­ light-besides the greater urban population easier as he watched her settling easily in bany to Buffalo by the horse drawn packets. in the nation-in those areas are also the the water and slapped his son, Gary. exuber­ Central New York State has plenty of 1840 greater batch of consumers as well. So to get antly on the back. houses of the right type and plans are to the urban center vote the boys down there That was the scene last month as the lusty move them intact to the canal. also like to please them with the lowest pos­ old Erie canal went back in business, even Rome is the right place for this recon­ sible food prices. That is-with the assump­ if only in fun. struction, as a peek into the Rome Historical tion that consumers have the cockeyed idea When the nation celebrates its 200th birth­ Society on Spring Street will make clear. that it is the farmers better price that is the day in 1976, the citizens of Rome, mean to The first shovelful of dirt for the canal was one and only cause for higher food prices. be a part of the festivities. Revolutionary dug by Governor DeWitt Clinton at Rome Which is no true. Never was. history is fashionable these days and Rome on the Fourth of July, 1817, when it was con­ Why--even a slight and needed increase is long on history. After years of enduring sidered the engineering marvel of the day. It in the farmer prices which might make the japes about all roads leading to Rome, they was a cheap, fast route through the Appa­ difference of the farmer being able to stay mean now to make it come true. The Inde­ lachians and it opened up the West. The on the farm or have to get off-that small pendence, which this summer will make barges were pulled by mules and the packets, increase would hardly be noticed-if that is trips up the Erie a mlle-and-a-half to Ft. like Rome's Independence, by horses plodding the only increase. But we know it is not-­ Bull, a French and Indian fort is only the along the canal's dirt path. it is all the other parties who handle the opening gun. The Romans are constructing Bill Ott, who together with his son built farmers products after they leave his hands a combination of attractions which add up the Independence, says it wasn't easy. He is that make up the difference. to a sort of historic Disneyland. a carpenter and canal boats are a little out And it can also be pointed out that Amer­ Rome, eight miles from New York State of his line; especially since he never saw one. icans generally perhaps cannot complain Thruway exits 32 or 33, is a small industrial But a team of engineers provided him with that the cost of food is not &.S major a.s it city in the Mohawk Valley. Lately, the gov­ the plans and he started out from scratch could be and such lower costs have really ernment of the United States sent a task felling enoromous oaks with wood so hard subsidized the high standard of living in this force from the Interior Department to re­ that he had to soak planks in boiling water na.tion. More of the total family income to construct Ft. Stanwix, a key fort in the to bend them for the prow. The tiller is hand­ buy cars and all the luxuries that make up French and Indian War, first built in 1758. hewn and the nails are the type usually used our high standard of living. The American Nineteen years later, it survived a siege by for light metalwork. It took Ott all winter, farmers get hardly one third of the consumer Col. St. Leger on his way through the Mo­ and central New York winters have to be seen dollar while in Sweden said farmers get hawk Valley to join in an attack on Albany to be believed. The snows come in October twice as much of that self same dollar. But that was to divide the colonies by cutting and are still around in late March. Ott they ride more bikes over there and what cars New York in half. worked under a plastic tent. they have are not the luxurious big ones we General Herkimer, bringing a relief force Rome expects to absorb the tourist infiux pilot down the highways. to help the fort, was ambushed at Oriskany, well and has made special plans for the traf­ We hope the Congress will pass a decent five miles down the road from Ft. Stanwix, fie it will bring. The little city has, as you farm bill. It will not only serve as justice to and the resulting battle is considered the might expect, some good Italian restaurants, agriculture but wou:d be a shot in the arm bloodiest of the Revolution. The fort survived but its real forte is the beautiful surround­ of our entire national economy. when Gen. Benedict Arnold arrived to relieve ing countryside in the valley of the Mohawk. it and the British retreated, leaving large A summer picnic at the Oriskany battle­ quantities of supplies. Two months later ground might combine history and a treat Burgoyne surrendered and the tide of battle for the eye. Take a look at the state of New turned. It is said that the American fiag was York's dioramas of the ambush and then ROME-CITY OF AMERICAN find a spot on the hillside overlooking the IDSTORY first fiown in battle at Ft. Stanwix. The original outlines of the fort are now point where Gen. Herkimer's horse was shot visible in the archeological digs, and on ex­ from under him. It's known as the Bloody hibit in the headquarters acr03S the way are Ravine, but you wouldn't know it now. Am­ various relics which have lately been un­ trak winds through the valley like a toy train HON. DONALD J. MITCHELL and you'll take heart when you see that all OF NEW YORK earthed. You can see cannon and musket balls, old uniform buttons, a rare tomahawk the beautiful countryside isn't ruined yet. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pipe and some of the eight-inch wrought iron Tuesday, July 24, 1973 nails from the wooden gate of the fort. Par­ Mr. MITCHELL of New York. Mr. tially reconstructed Oriental and English pottery are also on display and the bones of MAN-TO-MAN Speaker, there is a revolution of sorts a good many passenger pigeons which the taking place amidst the splendor and besieged patriots ate during the attack . .serenity of the historic Mohawk Valley The National Park Service Ranger will take HON. AL ULLMAN in New York. This modern revolution you on a free tour and show you the charred OF OREGON like the one that occurred on the sam~ rear walls of the fort. This summer, students IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES soil nearly 200 years ago, is attracting dressed in the 18th-century costumes are Tuesday, July 24,1973 attention from far and near. An article working on the digs, and they'll be glad to in the July 22 Washington Post tells all point out the moat and the officer's barracks Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, I would like about the current revolution. Not only buildings. to take a few minutes, if possible, to tell do I wish to share the :fine article by The people of Rome, who don't consider you and my colleagues about an innova- 25782 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973 tive but simple program to help ex-con­ ters have adopted "Man-to-Man". It is our Recreational-Provide information on pro­ victs find their way back into the routine hope that this program will catch on Nation­ graxns, classes, clubs, and groups which can wide. accommodate recreational interests. of life and the mainstream of our society. State Street Jaycees are in need of sponsors Transportation-Assist in making ar­ Begun in Oregon's capital city, Salem, by for this 1 roject. There are men inside the rangement for transfer to and from jobs and the State Street Jaycees, the program is institution right now with parole papers in job interviews if necessary. now being adopted by Jaycees organiza­ their pocket. Yet, they cannot leave because These preceding services are definitely tions statewide in Oregon. It is also being they lack a job position and a place to stay. not required by a Sponsoring Chapter, how­ considered for nationwide promotion by By "Sponsors," in no way is it meant for ever they do give some guideline as to how a the U.S. Jaycees. responsibility to be assumed for these men. Chapter MAY help to re-socialize an indi­ To sponsor a man in this sense is to give him vidual. As much as the responsibility for thor­ aid and assistance in finding employment, oughgoing penal reform lies with the and a suitable place to live that is within Congress and the States, it is still up to his income bracket. THE "LET THEM EAT CAKE" individual citizens, in the end, to carry Also to introduce him to people in the MENTALITY the responsibility for helping reintegrate community, so that he would not feel re­ ex-convicts back into a productive, use­ jected. fu1 life. I want to commend the State It is also important to talk to him and Street Jaycees for their imagination in show that you understand and care. "Talk­ HON. JOHN E. MOSS ing" with a person may not seem too impor­ OF CALIFORNIA undertaking this type of program, and tant to those who are in the "Free World"; for their dedication in staying with it un­ but to a man who has spent years of his life IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES til they achieved some tangible success. inside a steel and concrete world, a friendly Tuesday, July 24, 1973 I also want to insert in the RECORD at this conversation in a time of frustration or des­ point an explanation of the program pre­ pair, could be the very factor responsible for Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, the adminis­ pared by the State Street Jaycees. Fi­ whether or not the man is successful in his tration's Cost of Living Council's food nally, if any of you, or organizations in re-adjustment to Society. expert publicly acknowledged what many your districts, are interested in seeking No man upon leaving the Institution does Americans have been convinced of for more information about this program, I so with the intention of ever returning. The some time; that existing and projected men leave seeking an opportunity to estab­ economic policies wou1d raise food prices. wou1d like to suggest that you write to lish themselves and live out a meaningful Mr. c. W. Chappelle, staff a"tlviser, State existence. They are not looking for a "hand­ Confirmation has been forthcoming Street Jaycees, 2605 State Street, Salem, out" or "charity" ••. only the chance to from no less an authority than the Presi­ Oreg. 97310. become self-sufficient. dent himself, who admitted last Wednes­ The material I mentioned above fol­ The State Street Jaycees extend all avail­ day there is no way to avoid a "sub­ lows herewith: able help to those men; however, as can be stantial" rise in food prices. When phase imagined, our services are somewhat limited. A MESSAGE FROM CHIEF JUSTICE WARREN E. IV bows on August 12, open season will We do need additional support from the out­ BURILLINOIS been offering-but we can't really claim they ming from the Watergate affair, the all have had the President's personal atten­ Cambodia reports might well have de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion-as has been implied, so eagerly. stroyed what small shreds of credibility Tuesday, July 24, 1973 There's a little "show biz" in all of us, it seems. The chance to make Dean's list into the Nixon administration had retained. Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, an edi­ 'Nixon's list" brings it out. Few could re­ Unfortunately, there seems to be a torial appearing in the July 12, 1973, edi­ sist.-c. L. DANCEY. preoccupation with the consistent pat­ tion of the Peoria Journal Star refers to tern of official deception which kept the the so-called "enemy list" which came reports of the Cambodia bombing raids up recently in the Senate Watergate from Congress and the public. To be sure, hearings and the editorial puts the whole the coverup represents a cynical and in­ incident into a little better perspective LAW excusable arrogance of power more in than has been the reaction in some other -the traditions of the Third Reich than quarters. I include the edit01ial in the in the traditions of American democ­ RECORD at this point: HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE racy. To hear Gen. GeorgeS. Brown, the ENEMY LIST NOT THAT IMPORTANT OF TEXAS newly confirmed Air Force Chief of Staff Four of our columnists, appearing regu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES attempt to justify the falsification of re~ larly in the Journal Star, were on the famous ports with the assertion that "For falsi­ "enemies list" that surfaced in the current Tuesday, July 24, 1973 fication to constitute an offense, there hearings, and each in his own way (or hers Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, must be proof of 'intent to deceive,' '' is as with Mary McGrory) has "used" the fact recently a returned POW from Hanoi to wonder just how deeply a mass para­ to their own advantage. Two expressed their "pride" at being on it, from Dallas, Tex., sent me a copy of a noia has infected this administration. flat out. poem which was written by a friend of But the truly heinous crime in the It's nice for the newspaper. We even have his while they were imprisoned in Hanoi. Cambodia scandal is not the coverup, Joseph Kraft, v.;hose phone was admittedly The poem was written at the time they but the fact that for 14 months we bomb­ tapped for "national security" reasons--a had heard about the riots in this coun­ ed a neutral country, insisting all the special mark of favor which makes Mr. Kraft try. The author of the poem is a Capt. while that we continued to respect that the envy of the profession. James H. Warner, USMC, whose present neutrality. In other words, we fought yet And I suppose it really proves that news people are as susceptible to name-dropping whereabouts are unknown, but whose another undeclared, unconstitutional and the self-buildup as anyone. home was Ypsilanti, Mich. At the time war in Indochina. Jim Bishop even set the whole thing up of his capture, he was a lieutenant and To date, the military establishment with a reminiscence of personal contact with was ftying as a radar intercept oper­ has not decided who must be the scape­ Richard Nixon-and then kicked it by saying ator in the back seat of a Marine Corps goat. Three of the administration's top he was surprised to be on the list . . . as if Phanton jet, F-4, over Vietnam. officials were involved in the decision to it was a list by Mr. Nixon of Mr. Nixon's The poem follows: undertake the secret bombing in 1969- personal "enemies". Some traveler of future time may pass fonner Defense Secretary Laird, General But once in a while, even in a wide open _Through some deserted meadow where per- ball game like this affair, it is a newsman's Wheeler, then charnman of the Joint ha-ps Chiefs of Staff, and the President's ad­ job to also point out simple little matters o! He may find a pile of broken stones fact that have become "poeticized." And stop to ponder o'er these ruins alone. viser on national security, Dr. Kissing­ It was not "Nixon's list." er-all have deplored the falsification of He certainly didn't make it out. He didn't And of these columns strewn in disarray the bombing reports and disavowed any even ask for it. And he didn't know it was The traveler may decide from his survey role in it. around, apparently, either. A mighty temple once stood on these It was Mr. John Dean's list. It was his grounds Whether or not the Pentagon decides bright idea, and he who gave it description Which some forgotten tremor has brought to throw someone to the wolves the fact in a memo, and he who solicited suggestions down. remains that from every indication, the from other folks around the place, and he Would that the marble scattered here could President himself had major reponsi­ to whom all such proposed names were sub­ tell bility both for the illegal bombing and mitted-including that of Joe Namath, and Of that forgotten shock by which they fell. for the decision to keep the fact of the a few other entries that suggest somebody's That ancient race which dwelt among these bombing from Congress and the Ameri­ response was as frivolous as such a memo stones can people. On April 30, 1970 the Presi­ deserved. Here practiced rights which are no longer dent appeared on national television to Not everybody took it seriously-and Mr. known. insist that since 1954 American policy Dean's bright idea just went into the file two had been to "re-spect scrupulously the years ago and was never put to use ••. until Nearby, perhaps, the traveler may see Half hidden by the grass a piece of frieze neutrality of the Cambodian people." Al­ he thought it was a good idea to take it though the bombing raids had been out, d·ust .it off, and display it on national Upon whose face by long dead mason's hand Inscribed a word he cannot understand. going on for nearly 14 months, the Presi­ TVt dent had the temerity to declare that At which time it quickly became "Mr. The name of him they worshipped here, he'll "neither the United States nor South Nixon's enemies list." say, Vietnam has moved against" North Viet­ There is a lot of status to be had if you And stand up from these ruins and walk namese sanctuaries in Cambodia. are important enough to be on "President away. Nixon's" (or even "The White House") list What rights were practiced in that ruined Thus, an administration that took of "enemies". hall? office witr. an oath to uphold the Con­ It isn't such a flaming big deal when it The word inscribed upon the stone was stitution and the laws of the United ts just a list dreamed up by John Dean with "LAW". States, and which went before the July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25785

:American peopl\) with a pledge to re­ ORD, along with a press release on the nishing of his own services by an individual} store respect for the law, committed the subject issued by Mr. Crangle and an ex­ shall be treated as expenditures by the con­ tributor in support of such candidacy, but most flagrant violations of our law, in­ planation of the bill: editorial comment or expression of opinion ternational law and moral law. Its con­ A LOCAL LAW To PROVIDE A CODE FOR THE in connection with the normal publication tempt for Congress and the American REGULATION OF CAMPAIGN EXPENDITURES FOR of a newspaper or magazine or normal pro­ people was and is so profound that even COUNTY ELECTIVE OFFICE gramining of broadcasting stations shall not today, the official postw·e of the Penta­ Be it enacted by the Erie County Legisla­ be treated as an expenditure by such news­ gon is that the secret bombing was com­ ture as follows: paper, magazine or broadcasting station; pletely legal and justified and the only 1. An election campaign expenditures act (5) amounts spent on behalf of a candi­ unfortunate aspect of the whole affair is is hereby adopted to read as follows: date shall include not only amounts spent that they were caught lying. ARTICLE I-SHORT TITLE, ET CETERA for advocating such candidate's election but What of the implications, the critical 1. Short Title. This act shall be known as also amounts spent for urging the defeat of "The Erie County Campaign Expenditures his opponent or derogating his opponent's questions posed by this latest adminis­ stand on campaign issues, except as provided tration scandal? In my view, they were Act" and is referred to herein as the "Act". 2. Purposes. The purpose of this Act is to in Section 16. Amounts shall be deemed to aptly put in a news analysis by Seymour implement Section 455 of the Election Law have been spent in behalf of any candidate Hersh which appeared in today's New of the State of New York (referred to in for county elective office if the use advocates York Times: this Act as the "Election Law") imposing a. his candidacy or involves such candidate's What constitutional basis did the Presi­ limitation of amounts to be expended by or participation by voice or image so as direct­ dent have for bombing a neutral country for candidates and committees for candi­ ly or impliedly to advocate his candidacy; and not telling the Senate? dates. The Erie County Legislature believes (6} the amount of each multi-candidate Did President Nixon perpetrate a lie, in that control of expenditures in election cam­ support expenditure shall be treated as an effect, in his statement and in the Ad­ paigns will insure fairer elections and more expenditure on behalf of the candidacy of ministration's posture of neutrality during democratic participation in the electoral each candidate supported by such expendi­ those secret strikes? process. The Legislature also believes that ture unless the candidates involved agree Is there any secret military r ::.mpaign that freedom of political expression may be over­ in advance of the contracting of such ex­ justifies the use of falsified :·eports to the whelmed by excessive expenditures by a penditure as to the amount attributable to military's own reporting system ? candidate with unlimited finances opposing the expenditure limitation of Section 14 with Is there any difference between the at­ less afHuent candidates. A reasonable limita­ respect to each candidate and such agree­ 'titude of top-level officers who insist that tion on expenditures by all candidates and ment is based upon reasonable standards and anything, 1f authorized properly from higher committees for candidates will insure a. is filed in advance of contracting for such authority, is justified, and the attitude of vigorous airing of issues by all candidates, expenditure with the Cominission. Each can­ those Republican campaign officials and but without unfair advantage to the wealth­ didate or committee participating in such White House aides who have admitted par­ iest. It will promote better access to the agreement shall retain for the period speci­ ticipating in the Watergate cover-up? electorate by the less afiluent candidate. fied in Section 327, subdivision 2 of the Elec­ 3. Effective Date; Savings Clause. This Act tion Law all documents supporting the allo­ It is interesting to note that Senator shall be effective for expenditures made after cation under such agreement; WILLIAM SAXBE, a Republican member of the date of enactment. (b) no candidate shall make or contract the Senate Armed Services Committee, If any provision of this Act is declared in­ for any candidate expenditure which is in reportedly has said that he thinks there valid for any reason, in whole or as applied excess of the maximum spending limit pre­ are more grounds for impeachment of to any person or circumstance, the validity scribed by Section 455, subdivision 1 of the of the remaining provisions of the Act, or the Election Law or Section 14 of this Act; President Nixon because of the secret (c) no person or committee shall know­ air war than .because of Watergate. His application of such provision in the case of other persons or circumstances where it may ingly make or contract for any single candi­ comment might well prove prophetic. be applied validly, shall not be affected, it date support expenditure which is in excess being the intent of the Legislature that of the maximum spending limit prescribed any such provision or application declared in­ by Section 455, subdivision 2 of the Election valid shall be severable from the remaining Law or Section 14 of this Act; END CAMPAIGN ABUSES provisions or applicability of this Act. (d) no person or committee shall know­ ARTICLE U-EXPENDITURE LIMITATIONS ingly make or contract for any single candi­ 11. Spending Limitations. With respect to date support expenditure which is with re­ any election for county elective office, in­ spect to any candidate in excess of the max­ HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM cluding any primary election for nomination imum spending limit prescribed by the Elec­ OF NEW YORK for a county elective office, tion Law, if any, or if the Election Law pre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (a) expenditures shall be classified as scribes no such limit, that prescribed by candidate expenditures, single candidate Section 14 of this Act. Tuesday, July 24, 1973 support expenditures and multi-candidate 12. County Elective Office. County elective Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the daily support expenditures, and office means any office, executive, legislative revelations of political corruption which (1) all expenditures made or contracted or judicial, in the government of Erie for by an individual candidate solely in sup­ County or which is elected by a constitu­ the Watergate investigations bring to port of his candidacy for county elective ency comprising solely all registered voters light underscores the pervasive under­ office shall be classified as candidate ex­ in Erie County. mining influences which campaign con­ penditures; 13. Candidates. An individual shall be tributions and campaign spending can (2) all expenditures made or contracted considered a candidate for county elective have upon our democratic processes. for solely in support of the candidacy for office in a general or special election upon Elections to public office are increasingly county elective office of a single individual his nomination for such office as provided in being turned into financial contests with candidate by all committees taking part in the Election Law. An Individual shall be the winners of the battle of the bt.ilging his election and by all persons other than considered a candidate for nomination in such candidate shall be classified as single a primary election at such time as desig­ bankbook being propelled into our soci­ candidate support expenditures; nating petitions on his behalf are filed pur­ ety's leadership positions. The result is (3) all expenditures made or contracted suant to Section 144 of the Election Law, or widespread influence peddling, perver­ for in support of the candidacy for county at such earlier date as he announces his sion of national ideals, and exclusion of elective office of an individual candidate but candidacy. many potentially fine candidates from also in support of the candidacy of one or 14. Special Spending Limits. The maximum effective political participation. Both more other individuals who are candidates spending limit for multi-candidate support Federal and State legislation is required for public office voted for at the same elec­ expenditures chargeable to any candidate to correct this appalling situation. tion, whether for county elective office or for any county elective office in any primary other public office, including such expendi­ or general or special election shall The Erie County D~mocratic executive tures made by candidates, committees and be for the office of County Executive, committee, under the distinguished all other persons, shall be classified as multi­ three times, and for any other county elec­ leadership of Joseph F. Crangle, the New candidate support expenditures except that tive office, an amount equal to the amount York State Democratic chairman, has with the consent of a candidate filed with authorized as a candidate expenditure by taken the lead in drafting legislation the Commission, any multi-candidate sup­ such candidate for such election. Any un­ aimed at limiting campaign expenditures port expenditure attributable to his can­ used amounts spent on behalf of a candi­ in county elections. I feel that this meri­ didacy may be classified as a candidate ex­ date in a primary election shall not increase penditure or a single candidate support ex­ the maximum spending limit for such torious proposal deserves national atten­ penditure. candidate in a general or special election. tion. (4) the value of contributions in kind or No more than 60 % of the maximum Accordingly, I am enclosing the bill purchased property or services in support of spending limit for any classification of ex­ for reprinting in the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ a candidacy (other than the voluntary fur- penditures described in Section 11 (a) may CXIX--1626-Part 20 25786 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973 be expended for use of communications writing whether or not he is authorized by tion and keeping or records and research to media as defined in Section 15. any candidate for county elective office to secure registration of voters for a particular 15. Communications Media. The following make such expenditure, or whether any can­ party or to provide data and voter analysis definitions shall apply for purposes of this didate for county elective office has given his for use of the party in getting out voters Act: consent to it. are regarded as ongoing expenditures of a (a) "Communications media" means (c) If the person making the expenditure permanent party organization and not ex­ broadcasting stations, newspapers and maga­ states in writing that any such candidate penditures in support of particular candi­ zines and outdoor advertising facilities, and has authorized or consented to the expendi­ dates. telephones; but, with respect to telephones, ture then no person m.ay make any charge 19. Exemption for Sma.Zl Committees. This spending or an expenditure shall be deemed for such use, unless the candidate (or his act shall not apply to expenditures by perm­ to be spending or an expenditure for the use specially authorized agent) certifies in writ­ anantly constituted party committees whose of communications media only if such spend­ ing, in accordance with 32, that payment of annual expenditures do not in total exceed ing or expenditure is for the costs of tele­ such charge will not violate his applicable $5,000. A permanently constituted party phones, paid telephonists, and automatic expenditure limitation. committee for the purpose of this section telephone equipment used by a candidate (d) If the person making the expenditure means a club or a subdivision of the county for county elective office to communicate states in writing that no candidate for coun­ committee of a party limited to party mem­ with potential voters (excluding any costs ty elective office has authorized or consented bers in a particular geographic subdivision of telephones incurred by a volunteer for to the expenditure, then a charge may be of Erie County, such as a town committee use of telephones by him). made for such use, provided that the person or ward committee or a district club, and (b) "Broadcasting station" means a radio selling the space or time has taken reason­ which is organized to support such party on or television station providing a broadcast­ able precautions under the particular cir­ a regular basis year in and year out, as op­ ing service intended for direct reception by cumstances to verify the identity and affilia­ posed to being constituted to support a the general public, and under section 315(f) tion of such person and the accuracy of the particular ca.ndidate or ca.ndidates or for of the Communications Act of 1934, a com­ written statement. Any reasonable doubt as a particular election. munity antenna. television system. to whether authorization or consent to the ARTICLE In-ERIE COUNTY CAMPAIGN (c) "Outdoor advertising facilities" means expenditure may be imputed to a candidate EXPENDITURES COMMISSION billboards and any display space in any for county elective office should be resolved 21. Creation. There is hereby created to public place of a type customarily leased by the person selling the space or time in enforce the provisions of this Act the Erie to commercial advertisers. favor of requiring a certification from a can­ County Campaign Expenditures Commis­ (d) "Newspaper" means a publication, didate for county elective office or his au­ sion, referred to in this Act as the "Com­ having a known address of publication and thorized agent, as required under 32, before mission." The Commission shall consist of an established frequency of distribution, or­ making the charge. five members. The chairman of the county dinarily not less frequently than once a week, (e) Any advertisement or use under para­ committees of each of the two parties re­ which contains news, articles of opihion, graph (d) of this section shall contain, con­ ceiving highest and next highest number of features, advertising, or other matter regard­ spicuously displayed, the name and address votes in the most recent election for Erie ed as of interest or currency. The term in­ of the person making the expenditure, and, County Executive shall appoint, by filing cludes shopping newspapers that primarily in the case of an organization, the name of with the County Legislature in December of contain advertising and local newspapers the individual authorizing the expenditure. each year one member of the Commission to that contain legal notices or other matters Such advertisement or use shall also contain, serve for a two year term beginning with pertaining to court proceedings. Any such conspicuously displayed, a statement that the January 1 following such appointment, publication is included whether it is designed the use is not authorized, directly or indi­ except that upon enactment of this local law primarily for paid circulation or is designed rectly, by any candidate for county elective each such county committee chairman shall primarily for free circulation. The term does office and that no such candidate is responsi­ appoint one member to serve until the sec­ not include handbills, circulars, flyers, or ble for any activities of the person making the like, unless printed and distributed as ond December 31 following enactment. The the expenditure. four members of the Commission first ap­ a part of a publication which constitutes a 17. Requirement of Authorization. No per­ newspaper within the meaning of this sec­ pointed following enactment shall elect a son shall make or incur any single candi­ fifth member of the Commission, who shall tion. date support expenditure or multi-candi­ (e) "Magazine" means a publication in be its chairman, for a term expiring on date support expenditure on behalf of any December 31, 1974. Thereafter the four mem­ bound pamphlet form or otherwise: candidate for county elective office in any (i) Intended for circulation to either the primary, general or special election unless bers of the Commission then serving (begin­ reading public in general or a segment there­ he applies in writing to the candidate's ning with January, 1975) shall elect a fifth of identified on the basis of a common spe­ campaign treasurer at least five days prior member of the Commsision, who shall be its cialized interest or interests; thereto for permission to have such ex­ chairman, to serve until the second December (11) Published and distributed regularly penditures treated as an expenditure on be­ 31, following his election. In the event of a and periodically, ordinarily not more fre­ half of such candidate. The necessity of vacancy on the Commi-ssion for any reason, quently than weekly, nor less frequently than such application, however, may be waived the county committee chairman which ap­ semiannually; and in writing by any candidate, either as to pointed the vacated membership, shall ap­ (iii) Containing, in written, pictorial, or specific expenditures or generally until re­ point an individual for the remainder of the graphic form, news, information, articles of voked. Such waiver shall not be effective term of the vacated membership. Any en­ opinion, poems, features, advertising or until a copy is filed with the Commission. rolled voter in Erie County shall be eligible other matters regarded as of interest or cur­ Such writing shall state in detail the to be a member of the Commission and the rency. Any such publication is included amount and nature of each proposed ex­ appointee of the chairman of each county whether it is designed primarily for paid penditure. It the campaign treasurer dis­ committee shall be enrolled in the party, of circulation or is designed primarily for free approves such proposed expenditure by such county committee. circulation. notice in writing to the applicant within 22. Compensation. Members of the Com­ 16. Unauthorized Expenditures Urging three days after receipt of such writing mission shall receive such compensation as Candidate's Defeat- applying for permission to have the ex­ may be provided from time to time by the ( a) An expenditure for the purpose of penditure treated as an expenditure on be­ County Legislature. The Commission may approving or urging the defeat of a candidate half of the candidate, such expenditure appoint such deputies, clerks and other em­ for county elective office, or derogating his shall be an unauthorized expenditure. No ployees to carry out its functions hereunder stand on campaign issues, shall not be person shall make any expenditure which upon such terms and compensation as may deemed to be an expenditure on behalf of includes support for any candidate for coun­ be authorized from time to time by local any other candidate for county elective office ty elective office in any primary, general or law or ordinance, including hearing officers and shall not be charged against any applic­ special election if such expenditure has been to hold hearings, take testimony and make able expenditure limitation under Section 11 disapproved by the campaign treasurer of findings of fact with respect to questions (b), (c) or (d) with respect to any other such candidate. arising under this Act, and attorneys to en­ candidate for county elective office, unless 18. Excluded Expenditures. Nothing herein force the provisions of this Act. such candidate for county elective office has shall be construed to limit expenditures by 23. Powers. The Commission may prescribe directly or indirectly authorized such use or ·the county committee of any party which regulations and rules of procedure to carry unless the circumstances of such use taken represent the general, ordinary and neces­ out the provisions of this Act and shall have sary expenses of operating a permanent as a whole are such that consent may rea­ in addition to the powers prescribed else­ sonably be imputed to such other candidate. party headquarters and organization or of where in this Act such powers as may be (b) In the case of any expenditure for conducting general drives to register voters. reasonably necessary to enforce the provi­ use of communications media under para­ The general, ordinary and necessary ex­ sions of this Act, including, without limita­ graph (a) of this section, the person selling penses of operating a permanent party head­ tion, the power to require any person to at­ the space or time for the use of the particu­ quarters and organization are not considered tend before the Commission or its delegate lar communications medium shall determine campaign expenditures on behalf of any at its office or a branch office and be examined the identity and organizational affiliation, if candidate or candidates. Thus, the salaries by the Commission or its delegate as to any any, of the person making the expenditure of permanent party personnel, the rental of matter in relation to which the Commission and shall require such person to state in permanent party headquarters, the prepara- is charged with a duty under this Act or con- July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25787 cerning violations of this Act any may iB­ make any expenditure which includes sup­ any person has engaged or is about to en­ sue a subpoena therefor. When an oath is re­ port for any candidate for county elective gage in any acts or practices which consti­ quired or permitted under this Act or any office in any primary~ general or special elec­ tute or will constitute a violation of this regulations prescribed hereunder, any mem­ tion if such expenditure has been disap­ Act, the Commission by its attorney or the ber of the Commission or delegate of the proved by the campaign treasurer of such County Attorney if directed by the Commis­ Commission may administer such oath. candidate. sion, shall institute a civil action for relief. 24. Certification of Maximum Spending ARTICLE V-MEDIA REPORTING In any such action by the complainant, the court may award costs, including reasonable Limits. The Commission shall certify the 41. Registration of Media Vendors. Any per­ maximum spending limit for each county attorney fees, disbursements and expenses of son who makes or contracts to make a sale investigation. elective office with respect to each election of the use of communications media on be­ as far in advance of each election as is half of any candidate for county elective reasonably possible and in any event in the office with respect to any primary, general PRESS RELEASE case of a primary or general election, at least or special election shall register with the "A strict and absolute limit on campaign fourteen weeks before such election. Commission upon first making or contract­ spending is the only way to restore shattered 25. Reporting to Commission. The cam­ ing to make any such sale. public confidence in the election process," paign treasurer of each candidate for county 42. Reports by Media Vendors. Each regis­ Joseph F. Crangle, State and Erie County elective office shall report to the Commission trant under Section 41 shall report to the Democratic Chairman declared today at a on such forms prescribed by it all expendi­ Commission on such forms prescribed by it meeting of the Erie County Democratic Exe­ tures made or contracted to be made by all sales made or contracted !or on behalf of cutive Committee. The County Democratic such candidate. Such reports shall delineate any candidate for county elective office. Such leadership went on record favoring adoption in such detail as may reasonably be pre­ reports shall include such information as the of a strict campaign spending law for all scribed by the Commission the amount and Commission shall require to enable it to levels of local government; and also called nature of each such expenditure made or determine the purchaser of use of each com­ for immediate statewide reformation. contracted and in the case of an expenditure munications medium, the candidate on The draft legislation calls for the creation made or contracted for the use of a com­ whose behalf it is purchased and the amount of an "Erie County Campaign Expenditures munications medium, the amount and na­ paid or to be paid for such use. Such reports Commission," a five-member group which ture ot each such use and the communica­ shall be filed weekly by each registrant no would oversee implementation of and com­ tions medium recipient of such expenditures. later than five days after the Saturday end­ pliance with the law. Such reports shall also specify all applica­ ing the week during which expenditures are Today's campaign financing impeaches the tions for authorization of expenditures on made. validity of the democratic process. Politics behalf of any candidate which were disap­ 43. Reports to Media Vendors. The Com­ is a very competitive business. Each candi­ proved during each week. Such reports shall mission shall notify each registrant under date trys to outspend his opponent. New be filed weekly by each candidate no later Section 41 of the cumulative total spent for York State law actually makes th~ sky as than five days after the Saturday ending use of communications media by, on behalf the liinit. Elections are all to often won by the week during which expenditures are of or chargeable to, each candidate for county the highest bidder. made. elective office with respect to each primary, Disclosure alone, without limits, can never 26. Records of Reports. The Commission general or special election and of the re­ guarantee that money won't buy our elec­ shall make a public record of all reports maining amount available to each such can­ tions. filed pursuant to Section 25 and shall make didate or committee within his or its maxi­ we have witnessed recently a $40 million public immediately the cumulative total of mum spending limit for use of communica­ presidential campaign, a $20 million guber­ all expenditures made by, on behalf of, or tions media. Such notification by the Com­ natorial campaign and a $1 million county chargeable to, any candidate with respect to mission to each registrant shall be made executive campaign. each primary, general or special election !or weekly with respect to all reports filed with In 1972, candidates for all political offices county elective office based .upon all re­ Commission through the close of each week in the United States spent over $400 million, ports received by it. and shall be made within three days fol­ a 33% increase over 1968 when $300 million 27. Enforcement of Similar Laws. The Com­ lowing the last day on which reports with was spent and a 200% increase over 1952 mission shall enforce the provisions o! any respect to such week are due to be filed with estimates of $140 million. ordinance, local law or similar legislation the Commission. Dollars have induced so vulgar a warp adopted by any municipality within Erie 44. Prohibition on Sales or Contracts to into campaigns that the whole process is fast County which applies substantially the same Sell in Violation oj Maximum Spending becoming anti-democratic process. terms as contained in this local law to expen­ Limits. No person shall make any sale or use Daily the peril grows tha.t moneyed special ditures on behalf o! candidates for elective of communications media on behalf of anv interest groups will seize control of the entire offices o! such municipality and which candidate for county elective office with re­ election process. confers enforcement authority upon the spect to any primary, general or special elec­ We here in New York can have no pride in Commission. tion if the amount to be received with re­ this regard. Today we have more loopholes ARTICLE IV-EXPENDITURE PROCEDURES spect to such sale or contract to sell would than law. Brink trucks drive through the present law. 31. Campaign Treasurer. Each candidate cause a violation of the maximum spending limit of such candidate on the basis of the We can ill afford the luxury of waiting !or county elective office in any primary, tor state reform. While we in Erie County general or special election shall upon his cumulative total reported by the Commission as spent and contracted to be spent by or can't correct all the evils, we do, however, qualifying as such a candidate appoint a have the capacity especially to limit financing campaign treasurer to file the reports pre­ on behalf of a candidate for county elective office, nor shall any such person make any on a local level. We must assume the burden scribed in Section 25 and to perform such o! leadership and enact needed election re­ other duties as prescribed in this Act. The charge for the use of communications media on behalf of any candidate for county elec­ form. treasurer shall serve at the pleasure of the In December 1971, the former Republican candidate. tive office unless the candidate or his cam­ paign treasurer certifies in writing that the County Chairman, Alfonso Bellanca, publicly 32. Requirement of Authorization. No per­ joined with me and expressed enthusiasti­ son shall make or incur any single candidate payment of such charge, including any agent's commission, allowed the agent by the cally his strong support for a local law lim­ support expenditure or multi-candidate sup­ iting campaign spending. port expenditure on behalf of any candidate medium, will not violate any expenditure limitation applicable under this Act. I call upon the Republican county leader­ for county elective office in any primary, ship not to foot drag campaign finance re­ general or special election unless he applies ARTICLE VI-PENALTIES form as President Nixon did, nor to remain in writing to the candidate's campaign 51. Civil Penalty. Any person who violates silent as Gov. Rockefeller is doing. treasurer at least five days prior thereto for any provision of this Act shall be subject to I am certain that with this type o! bi­ permission to have such expenditure treated a civil penalty equal to three times the partisan support, the people of Erie County as an expenditure on behalf of such can­ amount, if any, involved in such violation, or will have the first local law in the United didate. The necessity of such application, $500, whichever is greater. The amount of States to limit campaign funding and to however, may be waived in writing by any civil penalty shall be deposited in the general guarantee fair local elections. candidate, either as to specific expenditures funds of the county. There is still an urgent need at the federal or generally until revoked. Such waiver shall 52. Complaints. Any person who believes a level for further legislation. The nationwide not be effective until a copy is filed with the violation of this Act has occurred may file investigations of campaign funding have Commission. Such writing shall state in de­ a complaint with the Commission. If the proven to us in the business of politics that tail the amount and nature of each proposed Commission determine'> there is substantial we can no longer afford to ignore the dictum expenditure. If the campaign treasurer dis­ reason to believe such a violation has oc­ of Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes that: "We approves such proposed expenditure by curred, it shall expeditiously make an in­ must above all set sail and not lie at anchor notice in writing to the applicant within vestigation, which shall also include an in­ or adrift." three days after receipt of such writing ap­ vestigation of reports and statements filed The Democratic Congress, over the objec­ plying for permission to have the expendi­ by the complainant, if he is a candidate, or tions of President Nixon, got the nation off ture treated as an expenditure on behalf of the matter complained of. Whenever in the to a good start by passing the Campaign the candidate, such expenditure shall be an judgement of the Commission after affording Practices Act requiring disclosure of contri­ unauthorized expenditure. No person shall notice and an opportunity for a hearing, butions and disbursements. ;-- _.- ~ ,~ • •• T - -

25788 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973 over the last year, we have become painful­ second category is a single candidate support to include all executive, legislative or judi­ ly aware of the Act's i.J:ladequacies. We have expenditure which corresponds to Section cial offices in the Erie County government learned that no law or bad law breeds abuse. 455, Subdivision 2 of the Election Law, re­ or any office which is elected on a county­ There is now a nationally recognized need ferring to all committees taking part solely wide basis. to plug the loopholes in the present law, to in the election of an individual candidate. Section 13 sets forth rules as to when a put ceilings on now limitless individual con­ The third category is a multi-candidates sup­ persons' candidacy begins. tributions and to explore the important ques­ port expenditure which is defined as an ex­ Section 15 sets forth definitions with tions of f.ree television time for candidates penditure in support of more than one in­ respect to communications media for pur­ and government financing of campaigns in dividual candidate including a candidate for pose of the 60% of a particular category order to completely remove the influence of county elective office and an office which is which may be spent for that purpose. These private wealth and special interests from not a county elective office. Multi-candidate definitions are identical to those con­ the political arena. support expenditures may be treated with tained in the regulations under the federal a candidate's consent as candidate or single statute. EXPLANATION OF DRAFT OF CAMPAIGN EXPENDI­ candidate support expenditures, but not vice Sect ion 18 excludes ongoing expenditures TURE LEGISLATION versa. of a county committee which represent the GENERAL SCHEME OF LIMITATION The reason for the three categories is, as general ordinary and necessary expenses of stated above, to keep within the framework The proposed legislation would b~ild upon operating a permanent party headquarters existing Section 455 of the Election Law. of Section 455 of the Election Law and to and organization are not considered cam­ That section imposes a limitation on cover as a separate category expenditures not paign expenditures on behalf of any candi­ amounts expended by a candidate in any specifically enumerated in Section 455. date or candidates. Thus, the salaries of per­ election to 10¢ per voter (based upon votes Section 11 (b) incorporates the state limit m anent party personnel, the rental of per­ for candidate expenditures but makes it sub­ manent party headquarters, the preparation for governor in the last gubernatorial elec­ ject to the 60 % limit on expenditures for tion for affiliated voters of the candidate's and keeping of records, and research to se­ use of communications media contained in party for a primary), with a minimum of cure registration of voters for a particular Section 14. party or to provide data and voter analysis $2,500 for a primary and $5,000 !fo: a ?eneral Section 11(c) does the same thing with or special election, plus a limitatiOn on for use of the party in getting out voters are respect to single candidate support expend­ regarded as ongoing expenditures of a per­ amounts expended in the election of an in­ itures. dividual candidate by all committees taking manent party organization and not expendi­ Section ll(d} applies the state law, if any, tures in support of particular candidacies. part solely in his election of a~ ~dditional to multi-candidate support expenditures, 19¢ per voter (with the same mmrmums as Section 19 exempts from reporting expendi­ thus indicating no intention to preempt state tures by permanently constituted party clubs for candidates). The proposed legislation law, when and if the state limits such ex­ adopts those standards but adds a limitation or committees whose annual expenditures are penditures, but provides a separate limita­ under $5,000. This would apply to a town additionally of amounts which may be spent tion under Section 14 if there is no state law. by committees taking part in the election of committee or district club not organized for As indicated above, the amount of such limit a particular election. more than one candidate of an additional in the draft is for county executive, three 30¢ per voter for County Executive and times, and for other officers equal to, the REGULATIONS AND REPORTS 10¢ per voter for other county offices (with amount authorized as a candidate expendi­ The proposed draft creates an Erie County the same minimums as for candidates). The ture. Campaign Expenditures Commission with major defect in the New York state legisla­ Section 11 (a) (4) treats contributions in power to prescribe regulations and forms for tion is the absence of any limitation on kind as expenditures in support of a candi­ filing as a matter of public record. The special amounts spent by committees taking part in date but does not count as an expenditure commission was created in lieu of the use of the election of more than one individual on behalf of a candidate the voluntary furn­ the Board of Elections because the county candidate. This apparently allows complete ishing of service. Also normal editorial com­ cannot impose duties upon the Board of Elec­ circumvention of the limits set forth in Sec­ ment or programs of radio and television sta­ tions, a creature of state law. The use of a tion 455. The legislation goes further than tions are not treated as campaign expendi­ new agency with defined powers of enforce­ Section 455, however, by limiting expendi­ tures. ment would make the administration of the tures for use of communications media to Section 11 (a) ( 5) picks up the rule of the Act more effective. The draft sets up an ad­ 60% of the maximum spending limit avail­ federal statute that amounts spent on behalf ministrative hearing procedure before the able in toto. The 60 % limit on expenditures of a candidate include amounts spent for new commission which presumably would for communications media is that adopted urging the defeat of his opponent, except lead to a more expeditious resolution of 1n the recently enacted Federal Election where an expenditure urging defeat of a controversies. Campaign Act of 1971 (P.L. 92-225). particular candidate cannot reasonably be The use of a new commission would also TECHNICAL EXPLANATION imputed as done with the consent of his permit the assignment of the duty to keep a cumulative total of expenditures during the Following is a technical explanation of the opponent. The rules to prevent unauthor­ ized expenditures urging a candidate's defeat course of a campaign and to report such total draft. to the public and communications media. Article 1-Short title from being charged against his opponent are MEDIA REPORTING The draft states that the purpose of the set forth in Section 16 and are based upon the regUlations under the new federal Act is to implement Section 455 of the Elec­ The draft requires registration and re­ tion Law. Hopefully, this declaration of pur­ statute. The general rule is set forth in Sec­ porting by media vendors. Media reports are pose will sustain the proposed legislation tion 17 that no one may incur an expendi­ required weekly. ture on behalf of a candidate without the PENALTIES against an argument that its enactment is approval of the candidate through his cam­ beyond the authority of the County Legisla­ paign treasurer. The only exception to this The draft provides for a civil penalty equal ture, either because it is alleged to be incon­ rule is Section 16 as stated above, which is to three times the amount involved in any sistent with state law or in a field preempted limited to unauthorized expenditures urging violation, or $500, whichever is greater. En­ by the state legislation. Section 10 of the the defeat of a particular candidate. forcement may be by the commission or the Municipal Home Rule Law grants local gov­ Although questions have been raised as to county attorney. ernments power to adopt local laws not in­ whether this is an improper restriction upon consistent with any general law relating freedom of speech, this is the approa..ch which to its affairs of government. Section 11 of that has been used in the federal statute re­ Law by implication permits affecting sections quiring · certification by a representative of of the Election Law other than Section 191. MASSACHUSETTS TAKES FURM The declaration of legislative purposes also a candidate before a charge may be made for the use of communications media (Sec. STAND ON CITIZEN PROTEC­ sets forth some of the reasons for enactment TION-IT'S CONGRESS TURN NOW of expenditure limitations with a view to in­ 104(b), P.L. 92-225) and Section 455, Sub­ dicating that the purpose of the legislation is division 2 of the Election Law which limits expenditures by all persons on behalf of a to permit freedom of political expression single candidate. HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON without imposing any unconstitutional re­ OF MASSACHUSETTS straint upon exercise of the right of free Section 11 (a) (6) deals with the problem speech. of allocation of multi-candidate support ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Section 3 makes the Act effective for ex­ penditures. If the several candidates in­ Tuesday, July 24, 1973 penditures after enactment. It also contains volved agree in advance based upon reason­ a savings clause preserving the balance of the able standards as to the amount attributable Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, no Act, even if a particular provision is declared to each, such agreement will be respected in government on earth collects, records, unconstitutional. determining the allocation of portions of the and disseminates as much individualized expenditures to each candidate. The proce­ Article II-Expenditure limitations dure for an agreement follows the federal criminal information as the United Section 11 classifies expenditures into three regulations. If there is no agreement, the States. This collection and dissemina­ categories. The first category is a candidate entire amount of each expenditure is charged tion by Federal, State, and local govern­ expenditure which corresponds to Section against each of the candidates. · ment, if allowed to go unchecked, creates 455, Subdivision 1 of the Election Law. The Section 12 defines county elective office two fundamental problems. First, infor- July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS mation out of a personal data file may be Crime Information Center (NCIC) policy initiative to insure that adequate regula­ disclosed to an unauthorized person. Sec­ paper claims that "each record, for all tions are promulgated since the Advisory ond, such information may be false, in­ practical purposes, remains the posses­ Board has proven its inabllity to develop complete, or disclosed in a misleading sion of the entering agency," the claim adequate regulations. way, so that its recipient receives a mis­ is patently false. Once a State enters its At present the States receive important taken impression of the individual in records to the NCIC file, it loses all con­ services from the FBI, services that are funded through Justice Department ap­ question. trol over the uses to which those records An individual's ability to obtain em­ will be put by persons outside its juris­ propriations. The regulations which are ployment can be severely affected by the diction. Once the information reaches included in my bill could easily be in­ mishandling of arrest records. In New the Federal level Massachusetts would corporated as a condition to the receipt York City alone, 75 percent of the em­ have no assurance that this information of FBI services and related Federal re­ ployment agencies will not recommend would not be given to groups prohibited sources. But first, the Justice Depart­ an individual for employment who has from receiving this information under ment, under the directorship of the At­ been arrested regardless of whether that Massa.chusetts law. Governor Sargent torney General, must take steps to form­ arrest was followed by a conviction. This has refused to allow Massachusetts to ulate adequate regulations. The Attorney disadvantage is compounded by the fact tie into the Federal bank until he re­ General has an affirmative duty to adopt that a large number of people are ar­ ceives assw·a.nces that the information rules to insure the protection of basic rested, found not guilty, and then re­ will be handled in compliance with Mac;­ constitutional rights in the operation of leased without charges being filed. The sachusetts regulations. In a letter to At­ programs within his responsibility. The record states, however, that an arrest torney General Richa.rdson, dated June duty has not been discharged, nor has was made, but includes no followup in­ 13, 1973, Sargent stated that- the authority been exercised. In the ab­ formation. This often leads to seriously There are serious doubts that internal sence of such affirmative action Congress mistaken assumptions about the nature controls and self-policing by line operating must act to insure that personal rights of the arrest and works a particular agencies or administrators can guarantee the are protected. integrity of something as sensitive and po­ It would be difficult to enact legislation hardship on minority groups. As Mr. tentially abusive as an interfacing national/ Arthur P. Miller points out: State criminal information computer sys­ to cover every possible injustice which It has been estimated that an extremely tem. could arise without putting serious con­ high percentage of black males in an urban straints on the criminal justice system. ghetto have an arrest record by the time they Massachusetts is to be commended for but we have an obligation to deal with are 18 or 21. In many cases, the records re­ adopting landmark legislation in this inequities which now exist. The legisla­ sult from dragnet arrests, street cleaning area and I wholly support Governor Sar­ tive branch must establish 1-ules govern­ operations or a large marijuana or gambling gent's position in this matter. Failure ing the kind of information that can be raid in which a larJe number of innocent of the FBI to adopt uniform minimum gathered and stored, proceedings for people are taken into custody. If their record standards which are not so minimal as insuring the accuracy and relevance of simply shows arrests, we are, in effect, put­ to permit the abuse of constitutional ting a cross on their backs in terms of getting file materials, proceedings for insuring them into the job and education market. rights, or to enact adequate sanctions individuals the right to review and cor­ for improper use of the system cannot be rect this file, to whom it can be distrib­ Problems can arise even if the record justified. The NCIC is a voluntary sys­ uted and for what purposes. is complete. Let us take the example of tem; no State is compelled to join. As­ I am today introducing a bill which the man whose record states he was ar­ surances by Attorney General Richard­ is identical to the one which was intro­ rested, tried, and convicted under a law son that adequate safeguards will be duced by Congressman EDWARDS. Its pro­ which has subsequently been struck down taken are not enough. Legislation must visions will alleviate some of the prob­ by the Supreme Court. He still has a con­ be enacted to insw·e that personal rights lems which I have cited above and is viction record. are protected. restricted to criminal arrest record data. The laws of privacy which have been In 1970, Congress expressed its concern First, it limits the dissemination of crim­ developed deal mainly with misinforma­ by adding an amendment to the Safe inal arrest records to and among law tion which is revealed in the mass media. Streets Act requiring LEAA to submit enforcement agencies. Second, there is But if an individual's arrest record con­ legislation by May 1, 1971, to insure: a provision which allows the individual tains false information unknown to him, The integrity and accuracy of criminal to inspect his record and to take issue certainly we must provide that individual justice data collection, processing and dis­ with any information he feels may be with forms of recourse. semination system funded in whole or in incorrect. The bill also contains a provi­ The problem was not as acute years part by the Federal government, and pro­ tecting the Constitutional rights of all per­ sion which states that records which do ago because information collected was not contain a conviction may not be dis­ not as extensive or as accessible to var­ sons covered or affected by such systems.­ P.L. 91-644 § 519(b). seminated after 2 years. This clause is ious institutions. Technology has brought not applicable to a criminal arrest rec­ us to a point where the information goes Yet, 3 years later we still have no ord concerning a person convicted of at from one agency to, a university, to a regulations. The bill which LEAA sub­ least one felony under Federal or State corporation, to the States and cities mitted in 1971 falled to provide ade­ law. There is much debate as to whether without giving the individual the right quate protection against misuse of data 2 years is a suitable amount of time and of access to that file or the right to chal­ or invasion of privacy and was therefore I hope the committee hearings on the bill lenge its accuracy. In fact, he will seldom not acted upon by the 92d Congress. The will provide more information on this know it exists, and if he does, he will LEAA has prepared another bill which is and other parts of the bill. not know about its distribution to var­ presently at OMB, but it appears to be Thursday, July 26, the bill is sched­ ious public and private agencies and in­ the same as the one they submitted be­ uled for hearings before the Judiciary stitutions. These problems grow more fore. Subcommittee on Bankruptcy and Reor­ serious as the Federal data bank ties in Fault also lies with the Justice Depart­ ganization, of which Congressman En­ with more and more State data banks. ment itself. Its duty is to insure that in­ WARDS is chairman. I urge the committee These issues are exemplified by the re­ dividuals' constitutional rights are pro­ to take affirmative action on the bill as lationship which has developed between tected and to adopt standards which soon as possible. · Massachusetts and the Federal Govern­ achieve this end. At present the policies ment. In 1972, Massachusetts enacted the and standards for the operation of the Criminal History Systems Act which cre­ national data bank are developed by an RESULTS OF HILLIS ated a statewide data bank and estab­ Advisory Policy Board to the NCIC that QUESTIONNAIRE lished strict regulations for the handling is comprised almost entirely of repre­ of that information. The system has been sentatives of police agencies. The Justice designed to tie into the FBI's national Department, under the direction of At­ HON. ELWOOD HILLIS crime information computerized system, torneys General Mitchell, Kleindienst, OF INDIANA but, as I have pointed out, the Federal and Richardson, has refused to issue IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES regulations do not provide adequate in­ binding standards through the former Tuesday, July 24, 1973 ternal and external safeguards against process of Federal Register publication. Mr. HILLIS. Mr. Speaker, about 2 potential abuse. While the National The Attorney General should take the months ago my annual questionnaire was 25790 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973 distributed to approximately 170,000 4. Do you agree With the President's fed­ Man: households in the Fifth Congressional eral spending ceiling in order to prevent higher taxes and lnfiation? Yes ------69 District of Indiana. We have, to date, liO------31 received a sizable response and have Man: Woman: I now tabulated the replies. have found Yes ------75 1res ------67 No------25 this poll to be a most effective means of No ------33 communicating with my constituency Woman: Young adult: and learning their opinions on impor­ Yes ------71 tant issues. At this point I would like to Yes ------61 No ------29 No ------39 share its results with my colleagues: Young adult: Average: REsuLTS OF lin.LJs QUESTIONNAIRE Yes ------74 Yes ------66 Congressman Elwood H. "Bud" HilUs (R­ No ------26 No ------34 Kokomo) has announced the results of his Average: annual questionnaire which was sent to all 10. Is it your opinion that under all circum­ households in the Fifth Congressional Dis­ Yes ------~ 73 stances newsmen should be permitted to trict. Approximately 15,000 replies were re­ No ------27 keep their sources of inforxnation confiden­ ceived. 5. Are you satisfied with the progress that tial? -rhe results,'' Hillis stated, "have now been is being made to clean up the environment? Man: tabulated and they indicate that Fifth Dis­ Man: Yes ------79 trict residents are eager to participate in the Yes ______:______72 democratic process." No ------21 The Congressman further commented that No ------28 Woman: the results have been reported to the Presi­ Woman: Yes ------.------64 dent and to the Congress as well as the news Yes ------69 No ------36 media. No ------31 Young adult: There was overwhelming opposition to­ Young adult: Yes ------60 wards providing economic assistance for the NO------40 rebuilding of North Vietnam. Yes ------26 Domestically, the survey showed some 73 No ------74 Average: percent favored President's federal spending Average: Yes ------68 ceiling in order to prevent higher taxes and Yes ------56 No------32 infiation. No ------44 11. Would you favor the states and cities A strong response was received favoring the 6. Do you favor passage of legislation to spending some of the monies earmarked for passage of legislation to reform the welfare reform the welfare system and provide in­ highway construction in the Highway Trust system and provide incentive encouraging centives encouraging those who can work Fund (gasoline taxes) on urban mass tran­ those who can work to do so. to do so? sit (bus, train, subway)? Complete results are as follows: Man: Man: [In percent] 1. Do you favor a Constitutional Amend­ Yes ------74 1res ------51 ment to permit passage of state laws rein­ No ------26 No ------49 stating capital punishment? Woman: Woman: Man: Yes ------70 Yes ------67 No ------30 No------33 Yes ------77 Young adult: Young adult: No ------23 Woxnan: Yes ------90 Yes ------62 No ------10 No------38 Yes ------74 Average: Average: No ------26 Young adult: Yes ------78 Yes ------60 No ------22 No ------40 Yes ------50 7. Do you think that the United States 12. Do you believe this questionnaire is a No ------50 should trim back its military and economic legitimate and effective means of communi­ Average: commitments throughout the world? cating your views to your elected representa­ Yes ------67 Man: tive? No ------33 Yes------·------75 Man: 2. Should the United States provide eco­ nomic assistance for the rebuilding of North No ------25 Yes ------79 Vietnam? Woxnan: No ------21 Woman: Man: Yes ------65 No ------35 Yes ------68 Yes ------17 Young adult: No ------32 No ------83 Young adult: Woman: Yes ------72 No ------28 Yes ------72 Yes ------22 Average: No ------28 No ------78 Young adult: Yes ------71 Average: Yes ------18 No ------29 Yes ------~ ------73 No ------82 8. Do you think that the "energy crisis" is No ------27 Average: serious enough that the federal government Yes ------19 should help in finding new energy sources? No ------81 Man: 3. Do you favor granting amnesty to those NEED FOR STRONG CONGRES­ Yes ------53 SIONAL CONTROL OVER U.S. who avoided the draft and/or deserted the No ------47 military? Woman: ASSffiTANCE PROGRAMS FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA Man: Yes ------63 Yes ------23 No ------37 No ------77 Young adult: HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD V/oxnan: Yes ------64 OF PENNSYLVANIA Yes ------25 No ------36 No ------75 Average: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Young adult: 1res ------60 Tuesday, July 24, 1973 ~0------40 Yes ------38 Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. No ------62 9. There has been much discussion and Average: controversy over the Alaska Pipeline. Do you Speaker, during the past 20 years, U.S. believe that we should proceed with the assistance in excess of $10 billion has Yes ------29 construction of this project? been provided to the countries of South- No ------11 .~' e • •; , I • l ~ .I ' .. July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25791 east Asia for economic development. Ad­ regional transportation requirements, be­ struction inspections, audits of expendi­ ditionally, many billions of U.S. tax gun in May, 1969, by Arthur D. Little, was tures by agency auditors and the General dollars have been provided for military completed in March, 1972, at a cost of $3 Accounting Office, and congressional purposes. Hundreds of millions of dollars million. The United States Government oversight. Clearly, U.S. foreign assist­ have been spent to construct schools, contributed $1.8 million directly and in­ ance should be subjected to at least the roads, airports, and ocean ports, just to directly toward the study but has no aud­ same degree of U.S. control as federally mention a few of the physical improve­ it rights to assure itself of the reason­ funded domestic programs. ments. Substantial amounts were also ableness of the amount charged for mak­ spent for military projects which may ing the study. The survey proposes some now be converted to civilian uses-for 140 transportation projects at a cost in example, military ocean ports, airfields, excess of $3.2 billion. Other areas in IF YOU WANT TO PRESERVE SMALL and medical facilities. Conversely, hos­ which studies for overall regional devel­ AMERICAN BUSINESS AND HAVE A tilities in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam opment have been made concern educa­ GOOD TASTING BEER, TRY POINT have resulted in partial or total destruc­ tion, health, public utilities, and indus­ SPECIAL tion of a portion of the capital improve­ trial development, to name but a few. ments financed by U.S. assistance. Billions upon billions of dollars will be Directly charged with responsibility needed if total economic development of HON. DAVID R. OBEY for investigating the economy and effi­ Southeast Asia is to take place. Un­ OP WISCONSIN ciency of this vast expenditure of U.S. doubtedly, the people of Southeast Asia IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES tax moneys is the Foreign Operations and and the rest of the world will look to the Tuesday, July 24, 1973 Government Information Subcommittee United States to provide the major por­ of the House Committee on Government tion of these funds. Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, as many of Operations, which I chair. Meaningful Already the administration has made us know, it is becoming more and more investigations have been performed and known its plans for major reconstruction difficult for small breweries to stay in substantive reports have been presented of all Indochina. Funds requested for fis­ business. They do not have the advertis­ by the full House Government Opera­ cal year 1974-to get the reconstruction ing budgets to compete with well-known tions Committee to the Congress. program started-total $632 million. Rest brand names. Due to the inadequate resources of the assured that this request is only the be­ I am inserting an article which ap­ subcommittee, however, the investiga­ ginning-billions of U.S. tax dollars will peared in the Stevens Point Dally Jour­ tions performed to date have covered only be involved as the years pass. nal recently which indicates that ability a very few of the more sensitive programs In this regard, I especially call to the to advertise is no measure of the quality in Southeast Asia. COngressional in­ attention of my colleagues my comments of a product. vestigation into the economy and effi­ in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-pages The article appears below: ciency of the vast majority of U.S. fi­ 46605 of December 13, 1971; 8694 of PROSIT! FoR POINT SPECIAL nanced projects in Southeast Asia-as in March 16, 1972; 12254 of April 11, 1972; When Mike Royko, Chicago Daily News the rest of the world-has been substan­ 21211 of June 15, 1972; 21549 of June 20, columnist, conducted a taste test among 22 tially less than desirable. As a direct re­ 1972; 23758 of June 30, 1972; 29267 of American and foreign beers, first place went August 18, 1972; and 3111 of February 1, to Wurzburger, brewed in Germany. sult, Congress-and more especially the And guess who tied for second? foreign assistance authorizing and ap­ 1973-Past investigations of U.S. None other than Point Special, brewed at propriating committees-has been with­ financed programs in Southeast Asia 2627 Water St., Stevens Point. out the benefit of sufficient congressional have indicated substantial waste of the Point finished in a dead heat with Bass Ale, investigative evaluations in authorizing U.S. taxpayers' dollars. Conversely, hos­ brewed in England, and ahead of 19 Dutch, and appropriating billions of dollars for tilities in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam Polish, German, Japanese, Norwegian, Czech­ developmental assistance programs. Con­ have provided a real economic boom for oslovakian, Mexican and American brews. gress in performing its legislative func­ the entire region. Large segments of the It all started when Royko wrote a column labor force have been directly engaged criticizing mass-marketed American beer, tions has thus been placed in the unten­ suggesting that it tastes "like it is brewed by able position of relying almost totally on in war. Other segments have been fully running it through a horse." the operating segments of the executive engaged in servicing the fighting forces. The column brought stormy criticism from branch for a complete and unbiased pre­ Selected individuals have become wealthy some readers and the brewing industry. sentation of all facts concerning U.S. for­ beyond belief-directly as a result of the "On the other hand," said Royko, "many eign assistance for Southeast Asia, hard­ war. discriminating beer drinkers agreed with me. ly the type of presentation which could With the termination of hostilities and Some wrote to tell me of wonderful locally be expected of any operating entity. In withdrawal of American troops, unem­ produced beers they have had in small towns ployment and serious economic repercus­ and in other countries. fact, both Congress and the General Ac­ "These are people whose taste buds are counting Office ·are more and more faced sions could become a major problem in not blinded by chauvinism. Nor are their with difficulties in getting the whole all of Southeast Asia. It must be remem­ taste buds bought off by their employers. truth on our overseas programs because bered that an entire generation of the They have rational, independent taste buds. of the increasing denial of full access to population is totally unfamiliar with And they agreed that the stuff pushed in records under the so-called doctrine of anything but a war-time economy. those million-dollar TV commercials is a na­ "executive privilege." Whether future U.S. economic assist­ tional disgrace." ance for Southeast Asia is programed on In order to settle the dispute, Royko or­ In preparation for the time when hos­ ganized an 11-member testing panel. tilities would cease and the job of total a multilateral or bilateral basis will pro­ "The panel consisted of men and women economic development of Southeast Asia vide no assurance of its success. In con­ who didn't know what beers they were tast­ could proceed in earnest, studies have sidering forthcoming foreign assistance ing," Royko said. "Some of them usually been made which have likewise cost the legislation, therefore, Congress should drink only American popular brands. Others U.S. taxpayer millions of dollars. Plans face up to the difficult task of legislating drink foreign and domestic. A few seldom for the development of the Mekong River a program in which direct congressional drink beer at all and a few others drink it basin, based on surveys and studies per­ control is of the utmost importance. We regularly. can no longer delude ourselves into be­ "They included young people and middle formed over a 15-year period-at a cost aged people. Their ethnicity ranged from in excess of $60 million-were finalized lieving that a program of this magnitude German to Polish to Bohemian to Irish to a year ago. These plans call for an ex­ can be federally funded on an illustrative Norwegian to WASP ... To show how legit penditure of some $12 billion on water basis. When the U.S. Government fi­ the testimony was, I didn't take part. My resources and directly related projects in nances the domestic construction of job was to wash glasses and break up fights." Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. major airports and ocean port facilities, The panel members gave each beer from Much of the study work was done by the highways, dams, and powerplants, medi­ one to five points, with five "the ultimate Bureau of Reclamation of the De­ cal facilities, and the many other domes­ beer." u.s. Out of a possible 55 points, Wurzburger partment of the Intelior; yet, no GAO tic federally financed projects, Congress was first with 46.5. Just a hair's breadth be­ audits or congressional reviews of this authorizes and appropriates funds on a hind at 45 were Point Special and Bass Ale. activity have been made to date. specific line-item basis. Further, clear Nobody else was even close. Helnneken's, a. A study concerning Southeast Asian provisions are made for Federal con- pr~mium Holland brew, was next with 36.5. 25792 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973 Two other sma.ll-town Wisconsin beers, it seemed to backtrack a. bit from earlier December 1971, General Davis was As­ Old-Timer's (brewed by Walter's of Eau Mllls statements that tax reform must be Claire) and Huber Premium (Monroe) fin­ concerned with closing loopholes. Not that sistant Commandant of the Marine ished in the top 10, and Barrel of Beer (Mon­ Mills has ever been a fanatic about kUling Corps. He attained the rank of four-star roe) was 11th. the economic easements that loopholes rep­ general after a distinguished career of 33 "As the tasters wrote down the points for resent. But this time he chose to blame our years in the Marine Corps. In 1950, he each beer," said Royko, "they also jotted economic malfunctioning on the "money ex­ was awarded the Nation's highest com­ some observations. pansion [that has] resulted from deliberate­ mendation, the Congressional Medal of "Assuming the comments about Wurz­ ly running up government spending ahead Honor, for conspicuous gallantry in burger, the top scorer, were: 'Full rich :flavor of the increase in revenues." The $18 billion Korea. and no aftertaste,' 'solid taste,' •very good,' government deficit in 1972 constituted a "fis­ 'I could drink lots more.' cal-monetary binge" that wasted "the respite General Davis is a native of Fitzgerald, "About Point Special, which is brewed which wage-and-price controls could have Ga., and we are proud to have him back about 220 miles north of Chicago, they said: given us.'' in our State, and I join his many friends 'Great :flavor and great beer smell,' 'light and Mtlls went on to say that he would never and associates in saluting him on his lovely and I could drink it all night,' 'smooth,' consent to use tax reform as a "coverup for outstanding work with the Georgia 'could drink a lot of it.' " penalizing saving by individuals or busi­ Chamber of Commerce. The testers also had some comments about nesses." I bring this article to the attention of the mass-marketed American beers. To the Populists in his own Democratic About one of them they said, "This beer is Party he said, "We are not going to treat the the Senate, and ask unanimous consent tired," "weak," "nasty" and "ugh.'' legitimate returns on saving as second-class that it be printed in the Extensions of About the largest selling American beer income by taxing it more heavily than we Remarks. (which :finished 22nd out of 22 in the test), now do." There being no objection, the article the comments were: To encourage capital savings, Mills added was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, "A picnic beer smell," "lousy," "Alka.-Selt­ that he could have "talked myself into the as follows: Eer," "sweet and weak," 'yeccch." position where I could let everybody else in (From Georgia magazine, July, 1973] It got 13 points. the U.S. accumulate $50,000 in a nest egg, from investments, from interest, from capi­ THE GENERAL AND THE CHAMBER tal gains, and other ways, before I would put (By John Crown) any tax on them, and then I would put a He's brought a new drive and a new spirit THE GREAT VALUE OF tax on what they make after that." to the chamber. We've got the feeling that WILBUR MILLS This sort of voice was lost out of the we're really going somewhere. White House when Roger Freeman, now a The speaker was a staff member of the senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, quit Georgia Chamber of Commerce. The "he" as a Nixon aide because his independence referred to was Raymond G. Davis, native HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI was incompatible with the Haldeman-Ehr­ Georgian, who has headed the chamber's op­ OF ILLINOIS lichman Prussianization of the place. erations as executive vice president for just IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Freeman has published an excellent book­ over a year. let called "Tax Loopholes: The Legend and That staffer's view 1s no re:tlection on the Tuesday, July 24, 1973 the Reality." He does not regard capital memory of Walter T. "Pappy" Cates who was gains, mineral depletion, home owners' in­ executive vice president for some 20 years Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, at a terest, and other allowances as sacrosanct, until his death in December 1971. Cates was time when the Watergate issue is being but he makes the very good point that they in ill health during his final two years there used by some commentators to be critical have been in the public interest. It has and that, naturally, tended to slow the of the entire governmental structure, I been the loopholes that keep the system momentum. was pleased to see the article by John going, providing new fuel for our cars, ores As H. G. "Pat" Pattlllo, former president Chamberlain. It, in a very proper sense, for industry, capital for building programs, of the chamber, has pointed out, the current commends our highly respected col­ and roofs over our heads. chamber staff is the one that Cates put If Mllls is no longer there to hold the together. league, WILBUR MILLS. congressional pass as head of the in:tluential "Ray has been able to work from a. solid This column was carried in the Per­ Ways and Means Committee, someone will base by keeping Walter's staff intact," Pat­ spective section of the July 21 issue of have to step into the breach. The newly tlllo said. "He has a known base and a known the Chicago Tribune. I commend it to the formed American Council on Capital Gains quality and the results are blossoming from Members in order that they not only rec­ and Estate Taxation, whose credo is that it. Walter's staff worked closely with him. ognize the great respect for Mr. MILLs "liberalization of the tax law on capital It was almost a family relationship. The fact but also to take the ocassion to empha­ gains is desirable if this country is even to that the staff can work well with Ray and e~ormous Ray with the staff is a. tribute to everyone. my begin to meet the investment re­ size support of the business concept quirements to maintain economic growth," The staff looks to Ray for initiative and he maintains toward tax legislation. The wlll have its work cut out for it in finding encouragement. •• article follows: someone with the understanding of a Wil­ With Cates' death in December 1971, Pat­ THE GREAT VALUE OF Wn.BUR Mn.LS bur Mills to present its position. tillo, then the chamber president, was look­ (By John Chamberlain) The council correctly points out that our ing for a new executive vice president who big competitors, Japan and West Germany, could do an effective job for the statewide Watching Rep. Wilbur Mills (D., Ark.), membership. chairman of the House Ways and Means have no capital gains tax at all. Only Brit­ ain has a higher capital gains tax rate than It happened that in December 1971, Davis Committee, over the last few years, two out was looking for a new and meaningful ca­ of three observers would tell you that he gen­ the U.S., and just look at the sluggishness of the British economy. It couldn't be worse. reer. In some 33 years in the U.S. Marine erally behaves with his Presidential availabil­ Corps he had achieved the pinnacle. As As­ ity in mind. Now comes the ominous sugges­ sistant Commandant of the Marine Corps he tion, prompted by trouble with a degenerated held the highest rank any man can hold in disc in his spine, that he might even be our armed forces, that of four-star general. thinking of quitting politics. PROFn..E OF GEN. RAY DAVIS, EX­ And earlier in his career, as a battalion com­ If this should happen, it would be one more ECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT OF mander in Korea, he had won the highest indication that the stars in their courses no THE GEORGIA CHAMBER OF COM­ decoration this nation can bestow, the Medal longer favor the U.S. Last May, Mills made MERCE of Honor. the greatest congressional speech of his life. So it was time to look around for a second Referring to Watergate, which he character­ career. He had two vital requirements. One ized as a "reprehensible business," he denied was a desire to return to his native Georgia. that it would lead to a paralysis of the Amer­ HON. HERMAN E. TALMADGE The other was that whatever he did must ican system of government. OF GEORGIA carry with it purpose, responsibility and The executive branch, he said, "is not­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES challenge. and was never intended to be--the sum of Happily for Georgia, the paths of Pattillo the government of the U.S." The courts were Tuesday, July 24, 1973 and Davis crossed in January 1972 and the still functioning, he said, the conscience of Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, there following April he became executive vice the people was alive, Congress was carrying appeared in the July issue of "Georgia" president of the Georgia. chamber. on, and our economy, despite the in:tlation, But this makes it seem deceptively easy. had, within the year, created 2.7 million new Magazine a very fine profile of Gen. Ray Actually it wasn't. Initially Pa.ttlllo was cold jobs and added $61 billion in real output to Davis, executive vice president of the to the idea of hiring a retired general officer bring disposable personal income to an aver­ Georgia Chamber of Commerce since his for the job. age of $2,882 per individual. retirement from the U.S. Marine Corps. "I was very much opposed to it and at first The best thing about the speech 1s that At the time of b1s retirement in late refused suggestions that. I see him," Pattillo July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25793

recalled. "But one afternoon he telephoned ~e has the distinction of being one of eight tenant. It lies between Milner and Goggins me and asked if he could come over for a Georgians to win the Medal of Honor and in Lamar County. talk. After two hours of conversation it was stands out as the only Georgia Tech alum­ "I was a lieutenant in a tent camp at obvious to me that this man was quality." nus known to have done so. Quantico, Va.," he said, looking back for a Raymond G. Davis was born in Fitzgerald, His subsequent Marine Corps assignments moment. "My father telephoned to tell me Ga. in January 1915. His father operated a included command and staff billets typical a mortgage firm in Richmond, Va. was fore­ grocery store there. But he remembers that of the man and the Marine Corps, including closing a farm in Lamar County and I might they did a great deal of moving in those early that of Commanding General of the Third be able to work out something. years, eventually arriving in Atlanta. Marine Division in Vietnam, 1968-9. And in "I got in touch with the mortgage firm and "In 1922 or 1923 we lived in the Grant Park March 1971, he became Assistant Comman­ it wanted $100 down from me right away. In area and there was a real flu epidemic going dant of the Marine Corps. 1939 a lieutenant just didn't have ready ac­ around,'• he reminisced. "All of us came down This, then, was the man the Georgia cham­ cess to an extra $100 but I managed to raise with it." ber hired as executive vice president early in it and assumed the payments." He looks back on life in Atlanta as cat­ 1972. To see Ray Davis on his farm is to see a fish seining in the Chattahoochee, swimming His first concern was to get to know the man who is happy with life, but who is far in Oglethorpe's Silver Lake, refreshing drinks length and breadth of Georgia and, equally from ready to just sit down and watch life from Cascade Spring which he passed daily important, to let the chamber membership pass by. to and from school, and pla:"ing sandlot ball. get to know him. In getting to the farm, however, the first In Atlanta young Ray attended Cascade "I told my secretary to accept for me every stop is at the beautiful white columned brick Springs and Inman elementary schools and speaking invitation that arrived in the office,'' home that has been virtually completed in Bass Junior High School. In 1933 he gradu­ Davis said. "And I've made a lot of speeches McDonough. Here is where he lives with his ated from old Tech High School, where he all over the state in the past year." wife, the former Willa Knox Heafner, of Lin­ won a letter in wrestling. From there it was He was aware that the staff he inherited colnton, N.C. Their three children have lives Georgia Tech. But in those depression years was a professionally competent one and he of their own. Ray Jr. is the director of the finances were a serious problem and his edu­ has used it accordingly. Moreover, he has Conyers, Ga., chamber of commerce. Gordon, cation was interrupted from time to time continued to expand its operations. a Vietnam veteran and a captain in the Ma­ while he went to work to make the money "If we can't be of service to the member­ rine Corps Reserve, is attending law school needed to get through Tech. ship throughout the state, then there isn't at the University of Florida. Willa Kay is a "I worked nights at the Lee Baking Com­ any reason for us to exist,'' Davis points out. student at Georgia Tech. pany making rolls,'' he recalled. "To get "We want to be instrumental in providing The home in McDonough reflects the back and forth between Tech and the com­ the membership and the state with an en­ achievements of a prolonged and successful pany I bought a Whippet roadster for $25 hanced quality of life." from another bakery employee. The bill of One Davis innovation is the creation of Em­ military career. There is a large den filled sale was written on the back of a graham ployer-Employee Relations Task Forces. The with mementos. And since Davis still makes cracker box." task forces provide the means of facing prob­ speeches of a military nature, as well as for Davis graduated with honors from Georgia lems with the combined talent of the mem­ the Georgia Chamber of Commerce, hanging Tech in 1938 with a BS degree in chemical bership rather than depending excluJively in the coat closet in the entry-way is a Ma­ engineering. Despite his financial difficulties upon the chamber staff. rine uniform jacket with four stars glisten­ he had found time for a full campus life. He For exmnple, task forces have been estab­ ing on a shoulder strap. made the honor roll each year he was there; lished to deal with the right-to-work law, Some thirty miles to the southwest is the won the President's Gold Key; worked on equal employment opportunities, public em­ farm itself. It is fenced in ("I hired some the student newspaper, Technique; was a ployees legislation, workmen's and unem­ Georgia Tech students to do the fencing.") member of Phi Kappa Phi, Tau Beta Pi, Phi ployment compensation, and occupational and there are cattle ranging about. Eta Sigma. Alpha Chi Sigma and Scabbard safety and health. "We'll probably get more cattle as we and Blade Society. Each task force, drawn from the chamber move along,'' Davis said, pointing to a bush Scabbard and Blade refers to what was membership, addresses itself to the problems hog. "We're using that to cut down the un­ probably his most important membership­ relating to its area of concern. If, for exam­ dergrowth so we can increase the pasturage. that in the Army Reserve Officer Training ple, exhaustive study indicates that the Then, too, Ray Jr. over in Conyers has Corps. This enabled him to accept an ap­ problems can be resolved through corrective begun buying cattle. He's got a convenient pointment as a second lieutenant in the legislation, a steering committee takes over place to keep them right now, but sometime U.S. Marine Corps in 1938. and charts the strategy and the timing to be in the future he might want to bring them He participated in Pacific operations with followed. Corrective legislation is not, of here. At least this offers him a backup place." the Marines and when World War II ended he course, always the answer. And when other Davis has put a three-bedroom Georgia was a lieutenant colonel and had won the solutions are deemed best, they are followed house on the farm, although he doesn't rule Navy Cross, the second highest combat dec­ through just as thoroughly. out some day "in the future" building a oration in the naval service, o widely known in 1950, he was fired. Ac­ sion Fund. Lococo's boat will fish exclusively for Van cording to his critics at the time, Baum­ Anytime mention has been made about Camp) . This check has been endorsed by gardner also had a habit of issuing gun per­ Lococo's Pension Fund loan, it has been that Andrew Lococo, but the final resting place mits to individuals all over the state. An­ the amount involved was between $500,000 of the money has not been established con­ other of his qualities was the friends he and $1,000,000, and was used for the expan­ clusively. The existence of a company called kept. One was a Municipal Court Judge who sion of the Cockatoo Hotel. The results of "Marge L, Inc." has not yet been deter­ was presented evidence for a warrant against Overdrive's investigation indicate that this mined either, although the records of sev­ Nick Lococo (Andy's brother) on a book­ is not quite the case. What has been dis­ eral states have been scrutinized. Another making charge. The judge refused to issue covered is that Lococo has borrowed $2,500,- source states that Joseph Ba.listrieri has the warrant, claiming there was insufficient 000 from the Fund, and that all or part of a financial stake in the Margaret L, but this evidence. The Sheriff's officer went to an­ it may have gone to build a tuna fishing allegation is still being checked out. Officials other judge, obtained the warrant and ar­ boat. And not just any tuna fishing boat; at Van Camp refuse to even discuss the exis­ rested Nick. The result was that Nick plead­ but rather the world's largest tuna fishing tence of the $375,000 check, or why it was ed guilty and received a suspended jail sen­ boat. issued. tence and 3 ye~rs probation. As far as can be determined, Andrew If Lococo thought he was having difficul­ This type of activity in southern Califor­ Lococo has only been known to have exten­ ties in obtaining money for his tuna boat n ia was more the rule than the exception. sive experience with restaurant operations venture in 1968, it was next to nothing com­ Gambling especially was so widespread, and and gambling. It is not known when he took pared to what started that same year. A law enforcement either so corrupted or ill­ an interest in tuna fishing, but 1968 might grand jury investigating the fixing of horse equipped to handle it, that it was almost a be a close starting point. Records obtained races called Lococo to testify. Later, on the wide-open operation. And during all this the recently show that calls were made to Rados basis of his testimony, he was indicted by a Cockatoo prospered. It did su1Ier a fire at one Western Corporation and the National Ma­ federal grand jury on four counts of perjury. time, but this merely allowed Mr. Lococo to rine Fisheries Services, a branch of the De­ The charges were based upon Lococo's rebuild it more lavishly and to increase its partment of Interior during that year (it denial under oath that he had various con­ size. would be learned later that Rados was the tacts with two Milwaukee men who have Throughout the '50's, the Cockatoo grew, designer of Lococo's tuna boat). been identified as members of the Mafia. as did Lococo's fortune. But not everyone An official of the Marine Fisheries Serv­ Three of the counts said that Lococo met would attribute all his income to the restau­ ices admitted that Lococo had applied for a with Ray Mirr, loaned him money and rant business. Persistent rumors abounded government-guaranteed loan to build the phoned him. Ray Mirr is a convicted Mil­ concerning Lococo's financial involvement boat. When Lococo first came in to present waukee bookmaker. The fourth charge was with various Hawthorne city officials. Twenty his idea, he was brought in and introduced based upon Lococo's denial that he had ever years later, these officeholders were known by 0. Robert Fordiani, the field representa­ called Frank L. Sansone more than 3 times to be frequent patrons of the Cockatoo, and tive of U.S. Congressman Charles H. Wilson. in a year. Sansone has been convicted on city business was actually conducted there The official recalls that Fordiani said Con­ charges involving prostitution and gambling. by them. One recent Hawthorne mayor, Greg gressman Wilson was interested in Mr. When the trial before Federal Judge A. Page, admits that city business was often Lococo and his project. Andrew Hauk in Los Angeles was concluded, conducted at the Cockatoo. Although Lococo's application for the guaranteed Lococo stood convicted on one charge: that Lococo's friendship with city officials was loan apparently was proceeding as such he hadn't called Ray Mirr within the one well-known, and some felt that this associa­ items should until about the middle of 1969. year period in question. Evidence produced tion was not quite proper, the full extent of At that time, the Interior Department de­ by the Justice Department showed, in fact, Lococo's activities did not begin to surface clined to authorize it because, some say, the that Mirr had been called from Lococo's until 1958. Department of Justice advised them of the phones at least 92 times. Judge Hauk ac­ In January, 1958, the Cockatoo was com­ background and activities of Lococo. quitted Lococo on the other charges, in­ pletely destroyed by another fire. Later, the But by the end of 1969, Lococo had re­ cluding the one in which it was claimed District Attorney of Los Angeles County was ceived a loan of $2,250,000 from the Central Lococo called Sansone more than 3 times. to charge that arson investigators at the time States Pension Fund, and Within a year The government had shown that 117 calls to discovered a secret room on the premises would receive an additional $250,000, accord­ Sansone were made from the office phone which was furnished with gambling tables. ing to records of the Fund itself. Exactly how of the Cockatoo and Lococo home. Hauk, In addition, he said, wires led from that room Lococo obtained that money from the Fund nevertheless, acquitted Lococo. through the sprinkling system to various isn't known, but another incident involv­ Although it was claimed by Lococo and booths in the dining area. Political figures ing the Fund at almost the same time gives other witnesses that these calls were actually often dined at the Cockatoo, the District At­ a good indication. concerned with "football talk" or "small torney said, and "information from private One of the Trustees of the Fund was talk.'' the government's contention, sup­ conversations of politicians can easily be used Milwaukee Teamsters official Frank H. Ran­ ported by arrests and- information over the in corrupting them." ney. A close associate of Ranney is Frank years, was that the purpose of the calls was To rebuild the Cockatoo Inn, plus add a Balistrieri, identified as the head of the the exchange of "point spreads" so that the hotel complex Lococo borrowed over $200,000 Mafia in Milwaukee, and who recently served gamblers at either end would be able to make from Hawthorne Savings & Loan. One of the a prison term for income tax evasion. profitable book. Added to this is the fact directors happened to be Glenn Anderson, an In September, 1968, Joseph Balistrierl that other calls from Lococo's home and the ex-Lt. Governor of California, and currently (Frank's son) attempted to borrow $125,000 Cockatoo were to known Milwaukee book­ a U.S. Congressman. With regard to Ander­ from a Milwaukee bank, but the loan was makers Tom and Tony Macht (who are cur­ son, the story has been repeated many times turned down. Frank Ranney then told the rently under federal indictment), and Steve that Lococo once bragged: "When I tell bank that if they made the loan to Frank, De Salvo, who has been seen at the Cocka­ Glenn to jump, he better jump. I put him through Joseph, "a large deposit" of Pension· too. A convicted bookmaker in the Los An­ where he is." Fund money would be available to the bank. geles area who was called a number of times Lococo was subpoenaed to appear before On September 10, 1968, a deposit of $500,- was Dominick De Falco, whose most recent the Rlackets Committee of the California 000 cash from the Central States Pension activity was that he was forced to appear State Assembly in November, 1958. A few Fund was made in the bank. On the same before a grand jury in Milwaukee which was months later, he appeared before a federal day, the bank made a loan of $125,000 to investigating bookmaking. De Falco has ap­ grand jury investigating organized crime. Joseph Balistrieri. Two weeks later, the bank peared before five other grand juries in It was folloWing these incidents that Lococo approved an additional loan of $63,000 to different parts of the country during the last came under intensive investigation and sur­ Joseph. several years. veillance by local, state and federal law en­ If in fact the $2,500,000 which Lococo Another person subpoenaed to appear be­ forcement agencies. Frequent allegations borrowed from the Fund went to the tuna fore this same Milwaukee grand jury this were made concerning gambling and prostitu­ boat, it would be interesting to know where past May was Andrew Lococo himself. At tion at the Cockatoo, but no arrests were ever the balance of the money came from. The first, Lococo refused to testify, but then was made there. No arrests have been made, said total cost of the boat-named the Margaret one federal investigator, because the police L--was $3,800,000, OVERDRIVE has learned. granted immunity. This meant that he could agency which would do so is the Hawthorne Its cost is reflected in some of 1ts specifica­ testify without fear of indictment, but if he Police Department, and they have learned tions: 262 feet long, a crew of 18, cargo still refused to answer the questions, he that Lococo and the Cockatoo are o1I limits. capacity of 2,000 tons, and a range which can could be sent to jail. The questions and Law enforcement agencies have maintained take it anywhere in the world. Actual con­ Lococo's answers-all related to Milwaukee that Lococo is a major gambling figure in or­ struction began in September, 1971, at Peter­ gambling and its ties to organized crime­ ganized crime in the Los Angeles area, and son Builders, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, and it have not yet been made public. July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25799 Lococo's sentence on his perjury convic­ the Cockatoo, and given a meal and a couple recognized fact that most women work tion could have been five years, the maxi­ of beers before being taken to the Hawthorne because of economic need and not to sat­ mum under the law. Some individuals close jail. One prisoner stated that the Milwaukee isfy their own whims. Two-thirds of all to the trial commented that it would be a officer said this wasn't his first trip to the Cockatoo, and while there, he was treated women in the labor force are either fair sentence, based upon his previous rec­ single, divorced, widowed, separated or ord. But Judge Hauk, commenting that Lo­ to a few days at nearby Hollywood Race coco was "such a respected businessman," Track, as well as a party. have husbands who earn less than $7,000 sentenced him to six months, with the sug­ Milwaukee police officers regularly stayed at a year. These women by necessity have gestion that he be allowed to serve his time the Cockatoo, even though the Justice De­ a strong attachment to the labor force. on weekends. Almost immediately, Lococo's partment has said that the Cockatoo has Yet how are these facts treated by the attorney filed an appeal. "frequently been a rendezvous for many business and political worlds. Women are Just prior to Lococo's appeal to the United known bookmakers and racketeers, both from the Los Angeles area and throughout the na­ forced to accept low-paying, low-status States Supreme Court being denied, Judge jobs. Women are considered poor risks Hauk suddenly reduced the sentence from tion." six months to three months. On June 14 of Even though Lococo's criminal background by lending institutions and credit com­ this year, Lococo began serving his time at and close association with organized crime panies even though there is no statistical the minimum-security federal prison at Ter­ for 30 years has been known, his alliance evidence that they are less creditworthy minal Island, just outside of Los Angeles. with influential politicians has not been than men. Women are often unable to ob­ On July 31, Lococo and his lawyer appeared weakened. His relationship with U.S. Con­ tain the same types of insurance as men, again before Judge Hauk, urging that the gressman Charles H. Wilson is typical. and must pay higher rates for may kinds Congressman Wilson admits to a 15-year sentence be reduced further. The judge was of insurance. presented with two arguments in this re­ personal friendship with Lococo, but states gard. The first was that there was a problem that "I've never interceded on Lococo's be­ Mr. Speaker. I would like to briefly with the size of the ·propeller on the tuna half on anything." That statement misses summarize for my colleagues the testi­ boat, and Lococo should be set free to settle the truth by some margin when it is re­ mony which the committee received on the matter. Secondly, Lococo had arranged called that Wilson intervened with the court July 10, 11, 12. We have resumed the for "high-class" entertainment for the pris­ on Lococo's behalf prior to his sentencing. hearings &.gain this week, with a discus­ oners at Terminal Island (and authorities And it also ignores the fact that Wilson and sion of social security, Federal tax pro­ refuse to identify the performers). Judge one of his staff members assisted Lococo in his attempt to obtain a federal loan guar­ grams, and Federal transfer programs Hauk apparently agreed with this reasoning and how these affect women. because he reduced Lococo's sentence to two antee for his tuna boat venture. It is also months. The only additional stipulation he known that Lococo has picked up the check ECONOMICS OF SEX DISCRIMINATION IN made was that Lococo assist prison authori­ for a number of Wilson's dinners at the EMPLOYMENT ties should they want high-class entertain­ Cockatoo. Even now, Wilson's field repre­ Two noted economists emphasized in ment in the future. But prison authorities sentative, 0. Robert Fordiani, spends a con­ siderable amount of time at the Cockatoo, their testimony the unequal pay received state they will never make such a request. by women, their occupational segrega­ Andrew Lococo left Terminal Island on Au­ mostly at night. tion, and the loss to our entire economy gust 11, eight days in advance of the launch­ Wilson insists that he knows nothing detri­ ing of the Margaret L. mental about Lococo's character, and with of sex discrimination in employment. Dr. It would not be unreasonable to suggest reference to whether he is connected with Barbara Bergmann stressed that-- that the course of justice in this case was at the Mafia, states: "I don't know to what The relative economic position of working least "different" from what one might ex­ extent the Mafia exists." Lococo's arrests, he women has been worsening and is going to pect. The arguments advanced for the reduc­ says, are harassment. OVERDRIVE recently worsen further, unless a program which gets tion of Lococo's sentence do not appear par­ learned that Congressman Wilson received a to the heart of their problems is created ticularly weighty. The length of the sentence $5,000 loan on May 30 "for campaign funds." and vigorously enforced ... the major reality is also interesting in light of others handed Wilson, though, refused to disclose who made behind the inferior and worsening relative down in the same court. In every perjury the loan. Because of his close association position of women in the labor market is the conviction in the two years previous to Lo­ with Lococo, one is tempted to suggest that persistence of employers' notions about which coco's, the average sentence was two and a he is the source. But as of now, no proof is kinds of jobs are "women's work" and which half years. One could speculate on why Judge available to confirm that. kinds of jobs are "men's work" . . . Over­ Hauk gave such a light sentence originally, While Lococo has gone through these re­ crowding in the few "women's" occupations and then why it was reduced to practically cent legal difficulties, including a felony con­ translates into lower wages and higher unem­ no sentence at all. The best source for the viction, his influence, activities and position ployment rates for women. answers to these questions, of course, is have not diminished. According to the rules Judge Hauk. But Judge Hauk refuses to dis­ of the State's Alcoholic Beverage Control Dr. Bergmann suggested that the staff Board, for example, the liquor license of the cuss the case. resources of agencies charged with en­ Cockatoo could be pulled. This hasn't hap­ forcing antidiscrimination laws be great­ In October, 1970, six months after Lococo pened, and the ABC will only say that an in­ was convicted of the perjury charge, he was vestigation is pending. ly expanded, so that women will have again arrested by federal authorities. This It would seem that so long as there exists equal access to all occupations. time it was on four counts involving Lococo, Dr. Paul Samuelson argued that-- now a felon, having firearms. Seized at the a mutually-beneficial relationship between time were these guns belonging to him: 3 Lococo and those in positions of political in­ By reason of custom, law, discrimination, fluence, business will be conducted as usual. and motivations, women who are capable of rifles, 3 revolvers and 2 shotguns. In Janu­ And organized crime will continue to flourish ary, 1971, he was convicted on two counts, holding jobs across the full spectrum of but because of a technicality an agreement and grow. American economic life are in fact confined was made between the government and his to a limited group of industries and occupa­ lawyer to dismiss all charges, but to refile tions within those industries. And the ghet­ two of them. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF WOMEN tos into which women tend to be restricted The two charges were refiled, but in July are not the executive suites at the top of of this year, the government dismissed them. corporate enterprise, the prestigious profes­ Their announced reasoning was that another sions, and the highest paid jobs generally. technicality would prevent them from ob­ HON. MARTHA W. GRIFFITHS The typical woman is lucky if she earns 60 taining a sentence (assuming they convicted OF MICHIGAN percent of the typical man worker-1lven him) of more than two months. The time, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES though tests show that her I.Q., diligence, money and effort, they said, would not justify and dexterity cannot account for the differ­ it. Tuesday, July 24, 1973 ence in pay and status. Even since Lococo's perjury conviction, Mrs. GRIFFITHS. Mr. Speaker, the Furthermore, Dr. Samuelson suggested nothing seems to have changed in Haw­ Joint Economic Committee is continuing that-- thorne. In 1971, a small local newspaper, the this week hearings on economic prob­ If because of the dead hand of custom and South Bay Daily Breeze, uncovered evidence lems of women. Women, who are often discrimination, half of our population have that Milwaukee police officers were coming called secondary workers, have secondary a quarter of their productive potential un­ to Los Angeles to pick up prisoners for re­ rights. We expect to gather during these realized, then a gain of between 10 and 15 turn to Milwaukee. Although the District hearings factual evidence and expert percent of living standards is obtainable by Attorney in Milwaukee said that such trips ending these limitations and discriminations. should not take more than a couple of days, opinions necessary to formulation of a the officers were taking five or six. And most comp::-ehensive economic policy that in­ Both Dr. Samuelson and Dr. Berg­ interesting of all, they stayed at the Cocka­ cludes ~7omen as first-class citizens. The mann argued that women's groups must too. One story detailed how a prisoner was committee has previously examined the continue to put pressure on employers picked up from Los Angeles County Jail in discrimination women face in employ­ and on the Federal Government to grant tlle Cockatoo station wagon, taken back to ment, credit and insurance. It is a little all women equal pay and equal jobs. f 25800 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973 PUBLIC POLICY TO END SEX DISCRIMINATION IN educational institutions of their responsibil­ Ms. Gates and Ms. Chapman conclude EMPLOYMENT ity until October 1972, a lapse of 4 years. that- The committee ascertained, through According to Mrs. Sandler, over 500 More women must be convinced of the testimony of Government witnesses, that educational institutions have been importance of establishing a credit record and enforcement of antidiscrimination laws .charged with a pattern and practice of maintaining it throughout life as a necessary has lagged miserably. The Equal Employ­ sex discrimination, yet not one of these step toward becoming an independent eco­ ment Opportunity Commission has filed nomic entity. When they realize this neces­ class complaints has been resolved. She sity, they should be urged to bring pressure only 122 suits since it received the power suggested in conclusion that- upon lenders and businesses at the local to do so more than a year ago. EEOC If women and minorities, including mi­ level. Written complaints to the offending presently has a backlog of 65,000 cases nority women are ever to achieve equity in businesses are important because they let and expects the backlog to rise to 90,000 employment, a strong Federal civil rights en­ the creditor know the specific practices which by next year. The Labor Department has forcement effort is essential. It is clear that are offensive and why. found over $68 million due in back wages there currently is a gap between Federal policy and :Ji'ederal practice. Stephen Rhode, a staff member for the to women employees under the Equal Pay Center of National Policy Review, spoke Act, yet it has only recovered 48 percent DISCRIMINATION IN THE CREDIT INDUSTRY AND INSURANCE of credit discrimination in the mortgage of these wages. The Office of Federal finance industry: Contract Compliance, also within the Based on their sex alone, women have Women face obstacles in obtaining mort­ Labor Department, is charged with en­ found that they must pay higher in­ gage credit whether they apply individually forcing the Executive Order 11246 which surance premiums for limited coverage for a loan or jointly _with their husbands. prohibits sex discrimination by Federal and benefits. Pennsylvania's Insurance Neither type of discrimination can be justi­ contractors. The OFCC has a potentially Commissioner, Herbert S. Denenberg, fied on economic grounds. testified that: powerful tool at its disposal-it can ter­ Oftentimes a wife's salary ts not minate or delay Federal contracts if con­ Denial of equal access to insurance, at fair rates, affects the economic status of all counted in full when the mortgage re­ tractors discriminate on the basis of sex. quest is considered; investigating the Yet it has not once terminated a Federal women. It touches employment discrimina­ tion, opportunities to hold a job, ability to birth control practices of the wife 1s not contract. maintain a family in the face of personal at all unusual. Aileen Hernandez, former EEOC Com­ castastrophe, and economic security. Other Mr. Rhode advocated stronger action missioner, recommended that the EEOC's economic disadvantages of women can be on the part of Federal agencies: powers be strengthened by permitting magnified by discriminatory, inadequate, or By promulgating strong regulations and the Commission to initiate pattern and prohibitively costly insurance. Alternatively, guidelines against discriminatory treatment practice suits in the courts against dis­ insurance protection that serves women's of women, by requiring the keeping of appro­ criminating employers or unions and bY needs can alleviate many economic burdens. priate records, by sending in teams of exam­ permitting full public access to affirma­ For example, with disability insurance, iners to check on compliance, and by demon­ tive action plans. She also suggested an women often find inadequate .coverage strating a willingness to impose sanctions increase in EEOC's and the Labor De­ for pregnancies; divorced women apply­ such as cease and desist orders, the financial partment's resources to fight employ­ regulatory agencies could take decisive action ing for automobile insurance are auto­ to root out sex discrimination in the banking ment discrimination; increased funds matically assigned to the "higher risk" and savings and loan industries. So far such for job training programs; legislation categories. Denenberg suggested that action has not been forthcoming. creating high quality child development State insurance regulators revise the un­ centers; and a new definition of national derwriting manual and training guides priorities which directs resources to a of insurance companies for their sexist FOOD STAMP PROGRAM full employment peacetime economy. content; those companies which have Elizabeth Koontz, former Director of different benefits or underwriting rules the Women's Bureau, suggested that HON. ROBERT 0. TIERNAN for men and women should not have their OF RHODE ISLAND while many problems experienced by policies approved. women could be corrected by changes in Employment patterns within the in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES attitude, that statutory requirements dustry must be changed to include women Tuesday, July 24, 1973 could effect changes more quickly. She not only in the sales departments but Mr. TIERNAN. Mr. Speaker, the Agri­ made the following recommendations to also in top management positions. culture and Consumer Protection Act has the committee: Commissioner Denenberg proposed a a terrible shortcoming in one important Require that Federal agencies in collect­ "Women's Insurance Bill of Rights'' aspect, it will deny food stamps to any­ ing economic data about persons, collect, which outlines minimum rights female one who is eligible for supplemental se­ tabulate, and publish results by sex and race, policyholders must be granted. and by marital status where relevant; pro­ curity income under title XVI of the vide adequate appropriations for those agen­ Barbara Shack, assistant director of Social Security Act. cies enforcing nondiscrimination require­ the New York Civil Liberties Union testi­ Mr. CONABLE's amendment to the ments and for those promoting equal oppor­ fied that- amendment offered by Mr. FOLEY will tunity; require the military services to ac­ state insurance departments havf' been deny many aged, blind and disabled a cept women under the same age and educa­ negligently lax in insuring fair treatment chance to fulfill their special nutritional tional requirements as men and to expand for women and are usually handicapped by their training facilities so that women could the lack of legislative authority. needs. This bill assures millions of dol­ be enlisted immediately; and prohibit dis­ Federal legislation could readily succeed lars in subsidies to the agricultural sector crimination because of sex in all manpower where private practice and state regulations of our economy, it is terrible that the training programs administered or funded have failed to guarantee women equal pro­ same bill will not put food on the table by the Federal Government. tection from insurance. of those who need it most. This legislation should prohibit the sale With food prices soaring, the impact The Federal Government's failure to of any insurance policy, or the establishment adequately enforce Executive Order of inflation is felt most by the segment of any insurance plan that excludes sex-re­ of our population that must live on a 11246 was emphasized by Bernice Sand­ lated disabilities and medical care, or offers ler, director of the project on the status unequal terms and conditions of coverage fixed income. Denying food stamps to and education of women, at the Associa­ based on sex. the aged, blind and disabled because they tion of American Colleges. Mrs. Sandler Further, this legislation should prohibit are receiving fixed SSI payments will documented the mediocre performance sex based risk classifications for establishing have a detrimental effect on their nutri­ of HEW 1n enforcing the Executive order insurance premium rates. tional habits. The food stamp program has been suc­ against universities. Women suffer no less with regard to cessful in supplying nourishment to the She said that-- credit practices. Jane R. Chapman, and needy, not extending this program to HEW has been criticized both by educa­ Margaret Gates, codirectors of the Center tional institutions and by women's groups those who are so desperately in need of for its lack of attention to the problem, its for Women Policy Studies, observed that it is irresponsible legislation. inefficiency and inconsistency. For example, creditors require women, but not men, to I urge the conferees to expand th~ food although the sex discrimination provisions reapply for credit upon marriage yet they stamp program to include the aged, bllrui of the Executive Order went into effect 1n will not extend credit to married women and disabled that are presently receiv!nl October 1968, HEW did not officially notify in their own names. supplemental security income. · July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2580l THE HEROISM OF FATHER KOLBE not been found. He would now choose the year that Hitler began World War II with a ten who must die; they would be taken to the devastating attack on Poland. death bunker in Block 13 and left to starve. Strongly opposed to the Nazis, Father HON. DAN ROSTENKOWSKI The selection took only a few minutes, but Kolbe was arrested even before Warsaw fell. for the waiting men it was an eternity. Boots And though he was released soon after, he OF ILLINOIS grinding on the baked ground, Fritsch moved knew the reprieve would be brief. He rushed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES up one rank and down the next. Ten times back to a bombed and plundered Niepokala­ Tuesday, July 24, 1973 he stopped, pointed and spoke a single word n6w to establish a haven for refugees, and into the harrowing silence: "You!" Each eventually 2000 found shelter there. He even Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, time, guards shoved the condemned man up published one last issue of his beloved maga­ in this month's edition of Reader's Di­ front. Some of the ten wept. One, the soldier zine. "No one in the world can alter truth," gest, there appeared an article which is Gajowniczek, cried out, "My wife, my chil­ he wrote then. "All we can do is seek it and a fitting tribute to a courageous Catholic dren!" live it." priest. Father Kolbe, a heroic figure of As the guards prepared to march the On February 17, 1941, the Nazis came for doomed men off, there was a sudden stir in him again. This time, suspected of being an World War n, led a most admirable life, the formation. An eleventh man was coming enemy of the Third Reich, Father Kolbe was however, few of our citizens are aware forward-the priest. "What does that Polish sent first to a Warsaw jail and then to Ausch­ of the brave deeds and the sacrifices he pig think he's doing?" Fritsch shouted. But witz. He arrived in a cattle car packed with made on behalf of his fellow man. The the priest kept coming, unsteady, face white 320 others, to be greeted by backbreaking story of Father Kolbe has always been as death, ignoring the raised weapons of the labor, meager rations of bread and cabbage an inspiration to me, and for this reason guards. Finally, he spoke: "May it please the soup, and daily dehumanization. One day, I submit it for the RECORD today: Lagerfuhrer, I want to take the place of one struggling under a heavy load of wood, Fa­ of these prisoners." He pointed to Gajownl· ther Kolbe stumbled and fell, and was beaten THE HEROISM OF FATHER KOLBE-IN CHOOS­ czek "That one." nearly to death by a guard. He was brought ING DEATH, HE ENNOBLED LIFE Fritsch glared at the emaciated apparition back to precarious life in the camp hospital (By Lawrence Elliott) before him. "Are you crazy?" the German by a Polish doctor named Rudolf Diem. As he Toward the end of a. stifling hot day in snapped. was unable to work, he got only half a ration July 1941, a. prisoner slipped away from a. "No," the priest replied. "But I am alone of food, but still often gave part of that labor detail at Auschwitz, the Nazi concen­ in the world. That man has a family to live to other patients. "You are young," he would tration camp in southern Poland, and dis­ for. Please?" say. "You must survive." appeared. When his absence was discovered "What are you? What's your job?" Sick as he was, weighing less than 100 at evening roll call, search parties set out "I am a Catholic priest." pounds, Father Kolbe could have slept on a after him. If the fugitive was not found in The watching men stirred nervously. real bed in the hospital. "But he insisted on 24 hours, the camp commander announced, Koscielniak recalls thinking: "Fritsch will a wooden bunk with a straw mattress," re­ ten of the 600 men of his cellblock, selected take both him and Gajowniczek." And what calls Dr. Diem, "He wanted to leave the bed at random, would be put to death in reprisal. did Fritsch think, staring at the serene eyes to someone whose lot was worse than his." Death was no stranger at Auschwitz. But in tbat wasted face? Did he realize in that Toward the end of July, feeling better, the for the desolate men crammed together in transcendent moment that he was in the priest was assigned to Block 14. It was only the fetid, filthy rooms of Block 14, anticipa­ presence of a force stronger than his own? a few days later that the prisoner escaped tion of the gruesome lottery was a particular Those who remember say that his gaze falt­ and Father Kolbe reached out for the red torture. As the long night wore on, none ered. "Accepted," he muttered, and turned crown of martyrdom. could be blamed for secretly hoping that the away. The ten who had been chosen to die, by fugitive would be caught. The men of Block 14 were stunned. "We starvation, now lay naked on the cement fioor But he was not caught. He was never heard couldn't understand it," says Koscielniak of a dank underground cell in Block 13. from again, and passes into history-having today. "Why would a man do such a. thing? Sometimes they moaned or cried out in deliri­ set the stage for what, 30 years later, Pope Who was he anyway, that priest?" um. But as long as they were conscious they Paul VI described as "probably the brightest He was Maximillian Maria Kolbe, a Fran­ responded to Father Kolbe's assurances that and most glittering figure" to emerge from ciscan friar, and in time Koscielniak-and God had not forsaken them. While they had "the inhuman degradation and unthinkable the others who survived-would understand strength, they prayed and sang. After a few cruelty of the Nazi epoch." that they had witnessed the making of a days, the guards, who had seen hundreds die No one slept in Block 14 that night. Each saint. but none who had faced the end with such man faced his own agony of soul. Dignity, Raymond Kolbe-he took the name Maxi­ tranquillity, refused to go near the death cell, home, freedom, family-all had been lost; milian when he entered the Franciscan or­ and sent a Polish orderly to remove the now life, too, was in the balance. As one der-was born in a poor Polish village in bodies of those who had died. prisoner, former Polish soldier Francis Ga­ 1894, and by age 13 had already decided to In Block 14, the soldier Gajowniczek was jowniczek, recalls, "At least if you were alive be a priest. At ten, he had told his mother at first bewildered by Father Kolbe's sacri­ you could hope." For Gajowniczek, hope was of a mystical experience in which the Virgin fice. He wept and refused to eat. Then Kos­ especially real. He believed that his wife and Mary had offered him a choice of two cielniak brought him to his senses: "Take two sons were alive. If only he could survive crowns-the white signifying purity; the red, hold of yourself! Is the priest to die for this purgatory, he would find them, and to­ martyrdom. "I choose both," the boy had nothing?" In that moment, Gajowniczek gether they would rebuild their shattered said. made up his mind that he must live. He lives. He contracted tuberculosis as a youth, and would not waste Father Kolbe's gift. For On a. nearby bunk lay a commercial artist, was never thereafter wholly free of illness. Koscielniak, too, the priest's sacrifice marked Mieczyslaw Koscielniak, who had lost hope But "he was a most gifted youth," said one the end of despair. "One such man was reason altogether. "The lucky ones were already of his professors at the Gregorian University enough to go on." dead," he remembers thinking. "And the in Rome. At 21 he had a doctorate in philos­ At the end of two weeks, only four men Nazis had reduced the rest of us to animals ophy. A year after his ordination, he earned were still alive in the bunker of Block 13, and who would steal for a mere crust of bread. another, in theology. He might have made a of these Father Kolbe was the last to die. It Except for the priest." brilliant career in the church hierarchy. was as if he had to help each comrade Even then, Koscielniak knew that the But his calling lay elsewhere. In 1917, he through the final trial before he himself priest was different. Often sick, feebler than had organized in Rome the Militia of Mary could be free. At that, the Nazis had to finish many of the others, still the priest seemed Immaculate, a crusade to win back a world him off. They came with an injection of car­ always to have a morsel of food to -share. If profaned by war and self-indulgence. Return­ bolic acid on the 15th day of his agony, Au­ he could stand, he would work; if another ing to Poland, and working alone in the face gust 14, the eve of the Assumption. Smiling, faltered, he would share his load. He heard of his superiors' surprise and perplexity, he whispering, "Ave Maria," the priest held out confessions in secret, and even during that began publishing a monthly magazine, his arm for the needle. endless night Koscielniak remembers seeing Knight of the Immaculate, to spread the gos­ Four long years later, the horror over, the priest kneeling by the bed of a sobbing pel of God's love. When circulation hit 60,- Francis Gajowniczek made his way back to youth, telling him that "death is nothing to 000, Father Kolbe was forced to look for what had been his home in Warsaw and be afraid of." - quarters to accommodate the growing maga­ found it bombed to dust. Both his sons had By the time the prisoners lined up for zine and the Franciscan brothers who kept been killed, but he found his wife safe. The morning roll call, the sun was burning down arriving to help him. two moved to a small village, and patiently relentlessly. The other cellblocks were soon In 1927, he emplaced a statue of the Vir­ began to build a new life. marched off to work assignments, but the Then Gajowniczek heard stunning news: men of Block 14 remained standing in the gin Mary in a field about 25 miles from War­ quadrangle. They stood all that day, ten saw-the start of what was to become the word of Father Kolbe's martyrdom had ranks o! living skeletons. Some who fainted world's largest monastery, Niepokala.n6w, reached the Vatican, and it had been pro­ were kicked and beaten until they stumbled built by Kolbe and hls friers and flourishing posed that he be beatified, a. preliminary step to their feet; those who could not rise were to this day. By 1939, there were more than to canonization as a Catholic saint. Gajow­ simply pUed in a. heap. 750 friars at Nlepokalan6w, and they were niczek was called upon by the Church to At 6 p.m., the camp commander, Colonel turning out up to a million copies of the testify, as were others who had been witness Fri1~ch, announced that the fugitive had Knight each month. But 1939 was also the to Maximilian Kolbe's selfless life and heroic CXIX--1627-Part 20 25802 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973 death. Finally, after 24 years of painstaking A. Well, if we consider the problem of de­ election or at least might be a candidate in investigation, the justice of the cause was mocracy to be essentially that of people in another election. affirmed. power refusing to use the power in ways that That was a very shortsighted and, I think, So it was that on October 17, 1971, there are not authorized and not decent and not malicious constitutional amendment. It gathered before the high altar of St. Peter's constitutional, I would say that what makes doesn't belong in the Constitution. And I Basilica in Rome 8000 men and women who this different from earlier problems in our think that the notion that it is desirable to had journeyed from Poland for the solemn society is that today the opportunities for have a president who can give his full atten­ ceremony of beatification. Among them were the misuse of power are greater. Just stop tion to the "presidency" and not worry about Francis Gajowniczek and his wife, now pen­ to think for a moment about some of the re-election is quite a mistake. What we want sioned and white-haired, as well as Kosciel­ central implements in the Watergate scan­ is a president who will be thinking about the niak. A portrait of the Blessed Father Kolbe dal. The most conspicuous was the Executive prospects of re-election and will wonder was unveiled, and for the first time in mem­ Office of the President. Why there are hun­ what reaction the public will have to what ory the Pope himself presided over the holy dreds of people who write on White House he's doing as president. That's what we mean rite. stationery. This is a new phenomenon. In by representative government. "Millions of beings were sacrificed to the fact, it's a phenomenon which has aston­ Q . What do you see as the ultimate result pride of force and the madness of racialism," ished, and properly astonished, some senators of Watergate? Will it change our political in­ said His Holiness. "But in that darkness there who asked the counsellor of the President stitutions in any profound manner? Where glows the figure of Maximilian Kolbe. Over if he ever saw the President and he said he is this episode going to lead us as a nation that immense antechamber of death there didn't. And I think there are something like or as a people? hovers his divine and imperishable word of 40 persons who bear some title such as coun­ A. As a historian I am inclined to be im­ life: redeeming love." sellor to the President or assistant to the pressed by the continuity of our institutions, So Father Kolbe lives on, a symbol of the President or something of that sort. Now this and I am extremely skeptical when I read world's unknown sacrifices and unrecognized is a relatively new phenomenon: the oppor­ the obituaries for our nation. There has heroism. He gave the gift of life to one man, tunity for the President to get out of touch probably never been a scandal in American and to countless others the heart to outlast with the people who speak in his name ... history which was not decried as the end of the tyranny that beset them. And to all men, Q. One of the obvious effects of Watergate American civilization and the destruction of of all faiths, he leaves the legacy of his un­ has been to undermine the effectiveness of all public and private morality. I think this conquerable spirit. the President very early in his second term. episode has probably had the effect abroad of Are there any historical precedents for this dramatizing our concern with certain stand­ and, if so, what are the implications for the ards of public morality. And in that sense it's balance of power between the Congress and probably been a good thing. And it has dram­ THE GROWTH OF EXECUTIVE the President? atized the power of Congress. It has drama­ POWER A. One of the things that we've witnessed tized the integrity of our courts and it will which has not been sufficiently pointed out probably have the effect of making anybody is the great advantage that the nation has who sits in the presidential chair be more at the moment in having a fixed-term elec­ scrupulous of his use of the government-­ HON. DAVID R. OBEY of the powers of the presidency. OF WISCONSIN tion. If this had been a parliamentary sys­ In a practical way, one of the questions IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tem the government would have fallen, there which should arise immediately is the ques­ would have been, perhaps, another party put tion of the nature of the Executive Office of Tuesday, July 24, 1973 in power and then there would have been the President. I think that should be subject Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, the Washing­ criminal prosecutions. The problem would to investigation and scrutiny. Perhaps there not have been dramatized as a political prob­ should be some committee investigating that. tin Post last Saturday contained part of lem. The members of Congress or Parliament a recent interview with Dr. Daniel J. The Executive Office of the President has ex­ as it might have been, who were in the party panded beyond all bounds and has tended to Boorstin, one of the most noted Ameri­ of the President, would have been interested supersede the executive branch of tpe gov­ can historians. t9 minimize the episode so that it wouldn't ernment. Some drastic reconsideration of In that intervew, which centered on affect their re-election. They would have to that is in order. American citizens in general the growth of executive power, Dr. go to the people to be re-elected. It would be do not realize the extent of the Executive Boorstin indicated that Watergate re­ in their interest to minimize. Office. sulted, at least in part, from a profligate · Now, in the present situation, where we The dangers of that growth have been see such an even-handed concern among dramatized in Watergate, and in several ways. Executive Office and from the constitu­ R:epublicans and Democrats over this prob­ First, by making it possible for people to use tional provision limiting Presidents to lem, this is to no small extent due to the or seem to use the authority of the President two terms in office. fact that they're in there and that they are without his knowledge. And, then, by mak­ According to Dr. Boorstin- re-elected for a fixed term, especially the ing it possible for a President to say (with ... the notion that it is desirable to have senators-for a senatorial term-and that some credibility) that he didn't know what a president who can give his full attention when they expose the misdeeds of the leader was going on. That is an equally disastrous to the "presidency" and not worry about re­ of their party in the White House, they are fact and one which should give us pause. The election is quite a mistake. What we want is not thereby requiring themselves to go to Executive Office of the President ought to be a president who will be thinking about the the people and stand for election. So that scrutinized. I cannot believe that the respon­ prospects of re-election and will wonder what there's a kind of antisepsis. sibility of the office is served by its prolifera­ reaction the public will have to what he's The separation of powers is proving itself tion. How many of these people and how doing as president. That's what we mean by in some interesting ways, and I would say many of these White House "positions" were representative government. that one of the consequences of this, in pub­ uimply superfluous? As I watched some of lic opinion, has been that whatever effect the Watergate hearings I kept asking myself I agree with Dr. Boorstin, and reiterate this may have had on the prestige of the what all these people-Dean and others­ what I said on the floor a month ago: presidency, the respect of the American peo­ ·were doing there in the first place. Was there ple for the Congress has been increased. They really an honest job there that needed doing? God save the country, and the Congress, can see the Congress as a vigilant Congress. from self-styled political "statesmen" The virtue of vigilance is certainly drama­ who no longer feel the need to respond tized so that in a new way we have seen the to the public's emotions, pressures, and wisdom-in almost an unsuspected way-the concerns with which mere mortal poli­ Wisdom of the writers of the Constitution in MEMBERS OF THE PETERSON AND ticians must grapple. Politicians who no separating the powers this way ..... PERKINS COMMITTEES REASSEM­ longer are forced to deal with the pres­ Q. Watergate, then, to you, doesn't reveal BLED ENDORSE FOREIGN AF­ sures that make up public opinion will any fundamental weaknesses in the present FAIRS COMMITTEE REFORMS FOR sooner or later lose their understanding system that require change by Constitution FOREIGN ASSISTANCE of those pressures-and Presidents are OJ;' by law? A. I think the passage of the 22nd Amend_ no exception. ment in the Constitution (limiting presi­ HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI Mr. Speaker, the article mentioned dents to two terms) was a mistake. I think above appears below: that the proposal for a six-year term for the OF WISCONSIN THE GROWTH OF EXECUTIVE POWER president is also misguided. I think one of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Daniel J. Boorstin) the points in having a representative gov­ Tuesday, July 24, 1973 Q. Many Americans seem to feel that Wa­ ernment is to have the elected person in tergate is just politics as usual. Others see power always subject to the possibility of Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, a re­ the series of scandals as unprecedented in being re-elected or not being re-elected. It's port has been issued today by bipartisan American political history, profoundly dif­ just conceivable that the President might members of two Presidential advisory ferent and more serious than previous mis­ have been more vigilant if he had known that groups on foreign assistance which en­ conduct. What do you think? he was going to be a candidate in another dorses the reforms contained in the Mu- July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25803 tual Development and Cooperation Act, and the public generally. The group is com­ twelfth in the share of national wealth de­ posed of members ot President Johnson's voted to this purpose. to be considered in the E:ouse. General Advisory Committee on Foreign As­ During this same period of preoccupation The group was composed of members sistance Programs, which was headed by with Vietnam and with successfully build­ of President Johnson's General Advisory James A. Perkins, then President of Cornell ing bridges to China and the Soviet Union, Committee on Foreign Assistance Pro­ University and now Chairman of the Inter­ the position of the United States in the grams which was headed by James A. national Council for Educational Develop­ world has changed. New problems and oppor­ Perkins, then president of Cornell Uni­ ment, and President Nixon's Task Force on tunities are beginning to emerge: the im­ International Development, chaired by Ru­ provement in our environment, a successful versity and now chairman of the Inter­ attack on infl.ation, the conservation of re­ national Council for Educational De­ dolph Peterson, then President of the Bank of America and presently Director of the sources, the expansion of trade, the resolu­ velopment, and President Nixon's Task United Nations Development Program. tion of the energy shortage-all require co­ Force on International Development At the conclusion of our meeting on June operative solutions in both rich and poor chaired by Rudolph Peterson. Mr. Peter­ 26, we indicated through a press release our countries. In certain areas the resources and son was then president of the Bank of approval of the innovative bilateral develop­ cooperation of low income countries may be America and is now director of the United ment assistance program recently proposed decisive. The United States is neither so rich Nations development program. in both Houses of Congress and endorsed by nor so powerful that it can put aside the the Adxnlnistration. Our general consensus on friendship of any country. And friendships Members of the two groups met in are made before they are needed. We may in the broader sweep of issues with respect to washington late June 1973, and the developing countries is set forth in the well find that collaboration in economic and drafted the report issued today. It con­ attached report. We came to two principal social matters may provide the sense of in­ tains a unanimous endorsement of the conclusions. First, that at a time when Amer­ ternational community that could increase "innovative bilateral development as­ ica's need for the cooperation and resources the prospects for a. peaceful world. sistance program" which is encompassed of the developing countries is growing, the Next steps in development cooperation by H.R. 9360, the Mutual Development United States by Its recent actions has in­ Since 1970 it has become clear that the and Cooperation Act of 1973. dicated less interest in them and their needs, unprecedented econoxnic growth achieved by Among those who participated in the a situation which they sense increasingly. the developing countries over the past dec­ meeting are the following outstanding Second, a coincidence of circumstances of­ ade is not sufficient t.o meet the minimum fers the United States a unique opportunity needs of their population as a whole. At the Americans: to adopt in the coining year a combination same time it is becoxning apparent that jobs, Bell, David E., vice president, Ford of policies with respect to trade, monetary health services and education need to be Foundation. matters, investment, and development assist­ broadly available to lower income groups. Black, Eugene R., American Express ance which could go far toward restoring the These services could also contribute to the Co. United States to proper partnership of re­ growth of motivation for maintaining smaller Case, Josephine Young. sponsible leadership with others in the de­ families and this, in association with Cooke, Terrence Cardinal. velopment effort from which it has gradually, stepped-up family planning programs, could but clearly, withdrawn over the past decade. lead to population stabilization. Curtis, Thomas B., vice president and The additional direct budgetary costs above Despite growing awareness of interdepend­ general counsel, Encyclopedia Brittan­ that now contemplated by the Administra­ ence with the developing world, the United ica. tion would be modest. States finds itself today in a posture of in­ Foster, Luther H., president, Tuskegee Bell, David E., Case, Josephine Young, creasing aloofness vis-a.-vis the development Institute. Cooke, Terrence Cardinal (Represented by problems of the poor countries. This trend Gookin, R. Burt, president, H. J. Heinz James Norris), Curtis, Thomas B., Foster, can be reversed, and possibly dramatically so. Co. Luther H., Haas, Walter A., Hesburgh, Theo­ A turnaround would not require massive dore, Linowitz, Sol, Mason, Edward S., Per­ budgetary expenditures above those now Gruenther, Alfred M., general, U.S. kins, James A., Peterson, Rudolph A., and contemplated by the Administration, but Army, retired. Wood, Robert J. would require a conscious and comprehensive Haas, Walter A., chairman and chief The following members of the Perkins and effort by the United States to take the needs executive officer, Levi Strauss. Peterson Committees were not able to be of the low-income countries into account in Harrar, J. George, Rockefeller Founda­ present at the meeting in Washington but its national decision making. In a number of tion. wish to associate themselves with the gen­ areas in which decisions are imminent, the Hesburgh, Theodore, president, Uni­ eral thrust of the recommendations: United States is already on record in favor or versity of Notre Dame. Black, Eugene R., Gookin, R. Burt, proposals that offer some measure of sup­ Gruenther, Alfred M., Harrar, J. George, He­ port for development, although in several Hewitt, William A., chairman, Deere witt, William A., Hewlett, William R., Mur­ areas the U.S. position clearly falls short of &Co. phy, Franklin D., and Rockefeller, David. being responsive to the level of cooperation Hewlett, William R., president, Hew­ DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION IN THE MID-1970'S required. Building on what it is already doing lett-Packard Co. The new era or on proposals for which it has already Linowitz, Sol. Coudert Bros. voiced some support, the United States can While the United States has dramatically take a number of modest additional steps Mason, Edward A., professor emeritus, improved its relations with China and the Harvard University. which would collectively make a significant' U.S.S.R. since the report to President Nixon contribution to ensuring constructive de­ Murphy, Franklin D., Times Mirror. of his Task Force on International Develop­ velopment within these countries as well as Perkins, James A., chief executive of­ ment in 1970, no such progress has marked in our relations with them. ficer and chairman of the board, Inter­ its relationships with Asia., Africa and Latin 1. U.S. Bilateral Development Assistance: national Council for Educational Devel­ America. Yet many of this country's most We unanimously support the Adxninistra­ opment. pressing national problems can be solved tion-endorsed Congressional initiative of the Peterson, Rudolph A., administrator, only through cooperation with other coun­ past month to restructure and expand bi­ U.N. development program. tries-rich and poor. Secretary Brezhnev's lateral mechanisms for working with the poor visit may serve to remind us that a. nation countries. It provides a ·welcome and unique Rockefeller, David, chairman of the able to achieve imaginative breakthroughs opportunity to achieve objectives set forth in board, Chase Manhattan Bank. in dealing with the Soviet Union and China our advisory reports to Presidents Johnson Wood, Robert J., general, U.S. Army, should be able to achieve similar advances in and Nixon and, most recently, in President retired. relationships with the poor countries of the Nixon's State of the World Message on May 3. Because of the pertinence of this re­ world containing a majority of the earth's The proposed legislation would redirect port to the forthcoming debate on the people. U.S. bilateral aid so that it is focused on the The welcome winding down of the cold war problems of the poor majority in the develop­ foreign assistance legislation, I am in­ has removed a major argument 1.Ccepted by serting it in the RECORD at this time: ing countries and on enabling throe to partic­ many for development cooperation. New ipate more effectively in the development U.S. COOPERATION WITH THE DEVELOPING arguments for cooperation relevant to the process. It would authorize funding aimed CouNTRIES IN THE Mm-1970's changed circuxnstances of the 1970s have not primarily at rural development and food (Recommendations of Members of the Peter­ yet been widely accepted. In large part as a production, population and health, and edu­ son and Perkins Committees Reassembled) consequence, the United States bilateral as­ cation and human resource development. It Sensing that development cooperation is in sistance effort has declined significantly. The reduces the priority under bilateral develop­ jeopardy today, we members of the two most United States alone among the major indus­ ment aid for large-scale capital transfers for recent Presidential advisory committees on trial nations resists a major expansion of infrastructure and large industrial plants, foreign assistance (the Peterson a.nd Perkins multilateral aid and now imposes substan­ and supports and gives legislative form to Committees) convened an informal meeting tially more barriers to the manufactured the problem-solving approach that the in Washington on June 25 and 26 to review products of the poor countries than to those United States has pioneered in areas such .lS the situation and explore how we xnlght be of the more advanced. Once a world leader disease control, food grain production, and of assistance to the President, the Congress, in helping the poor countries it now rankS population planning. In these respects, it is 25804 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973 a legislative embodiment of a profound shift years which the Congress has already author­ interim aid wlll be required for South Viet­ which has recently taken place in the meth­ ized. This failure to honor an United States nam, Laos, and Cambodia whlle the prospects ods considered most likely to produce the undertaking in the development field is not for a settlement are clarified and the details greatest development benefits in the poor only impairing the U.S. image generally but negotiated. countries. is seriously weakening the capacity of the Furthermore, a unique aspect of Indochina It should be clearly understood that a. Asian Development Bank to play its proper today is that all major powers-United shift in emphasis toward social and eco­ leadership role in Southeast Asia in the post­ States, the Soviet Union, China, Japan, and nomic problems brings development assist­ Vietnam war era. the European Community-have a common ance in direct touch with sensitive internal Finally, the United States should make at interest in removing the threat of prolonged affairs that require sensitive handling and least a modest contribution, say $30 mil­ turmoil in Indochina, which would interfere long-run attention. We firmly support the lion over a three-year period, to the compa­ with their more important interests else­ government's new priorities which will re­ rable fund of the African Development Bank. where. Were all the major powers to under­ quire patience and understanding by all The amount is not large, but would be evi­ take, by 1975, a major cooperative effort over parties concerned. It should also be clearly dence of our willingness to join in coopera­ many years to rehabilitate Indochina, this understood that new emphasis on ·.,echnical tive efforts in which African nations have could mark not only a closing phase of the assistance for high-priority problems does taken the lead. cold war, but a starting point for a new not invalidate the importance of the devel­ 3. Trade: pattern of cooperation. opment of infrastructure that is always a The Congress should enact the preferences In providing assistance, the United States ~ecessary part of any internal development. provisions for manufactured goods from de­ should seek to do so in ways that would It is our view that U.S. bilateral assistance, veloping countries, perhaps in strengthened provide aid to all countries in the region should give higher priority to technical as­ form, which President Nixon has requested and that would involve, to the maximum sistance, leaving the international and re­ from the Congress under the Trade Reform degree possible, the participation of other gional agencies and banks to give the highest Act of 1973. It should also enact a greatly countries and of regional and international priority to capital transfers for internal de­ strengthened program for assisting those financial institutions. This course would not velopment. We are aware of, but w~ did not workers and firms adversely affected by in­ only reduce the financial burden of the examine, the need for a hard look at the creased trade between the developing coun­ United States and increase the aid available administrative arrangements and structures, tries and the United States. Preferences have to the Indochina countries, but also serve national, regional and international that a-e taken on a symbolic value for the developing to reassure those Americans who fear that necessary to carry out this new posture and countries far beyond their impact on trade, large-scale Indochina reconstruction aid policies. and adjustment assistance is indispensable if could reinvolve the United States militarily The second main feature of the new legis­ the preferences and the trade system gen­ in Indochina. lation, the proposed United States Export De­ erally are to meet the needs of poorer coun­ The greatest possible use should be made velopment Credit Fund, is designed to in­ tries to earn their own way. of international organizations in providing crease the flow of American goods and serv­ The greatest need of the low-income coun­ relief and humanitarian assistance in the ices of a developmental character by close to tries is for rapidly expanding trade with the near future, and of multilateral consortiums $1 billion annually, and on concessional industrial nations, and U.S. trade, aid, invest­ involving the active participation of the terms which the poorest countries can afford. ment, and monetary policies should refiect Asian Development Bank and the World It would impose relatively little additional this priority. Excluding major exporters, de­ Bank. The United States also should a.ctively burden on the United States' budget, being veloping countries have increased their ex­ support and encourage regional institutions, funded primarily through public borrowings, ports from approximately $23 billion in 1960 ranging from the Mekong Committee to the w!th refiows from prior aid loans which are to $47 billion in 1970, but need to increase Asian Development Bank, to reduce the pros­ now earmarked primarily for reloaning to exports at a more rapid rate in the 1970s­ pects of further Balkan-type con:flicts be­ developing countries being uSt:d to cover the especially manufactures, which need to in­ tween the countries in the region. Finally, a interest subsidy. This proposal for linking crease from some $7 billion in 1970 to an special effort should be made to set up the American productive capacity with the more estimated $30 billion in 1980, with United machinery by which China, the Soviet Union, than one billion people in the poorest coun­ States importing 40 per cent or more. If the the United States, Japan, and possibly Eu­ tries could benefit both the United States Congress enacts the legislation as suggested rope, can be at least loosely associated in and the purchasing countries through con­ above, the United States will be able to refer Indochina reconstruction, even though their cessional sales of industrial goods in much not only to its expanded trade with develop­ assistance. priorities will undoubtedly differ. the same way that the Food for Peace Pro­ ing countries, but also to the fact that it gram (P.L. 480) has done and continues to No significant budgetary competition with currently imports nearly half of developing domestic priorities do for agricultural commodities, and the Ex­ country manufactures, compared with rough­ port-Import Bank does for American indus­ ly half that amount taken by the Europeans The increased direct budgetary cost in trial exports to the more advanced develop­ (even. though their GNP is more than two• FY 1975 of such a comprehensive. package inti countries. thirds that of the United States). of initiatives would be less than $160 million 2. Multlla.teral Development Assistance: 4. Monetary: above the total already contemplated by the The United States should resume its tra­ In the international monetary field the Administration. As noted earlier, the Con­ ditional role of supporting the expansion of major need facing the United States-and all gressional initiative in restructuring bilateral international institutions in the develop­ countries-has been to secure with other development aid and adding the Export De­ ment field as rapidly as it can. Given the countries international arrangements that velopment Credit Fund is within the Ad­ wlllingness of other countries to do their will make continued expansion of trade possi­ ministration's present budgetary allocation. fair share, this could be achieved at a mod­ ble. It is highly desirable, however, to solve The additional budgetary cost would con­ est additional cost. this problem in a. way that will meet the sist essentially of some funds for the UNDP, For the past four years, the U.S. contribu­ urgent needs of others and those of the a modest amount for participation in the tion to the United Nations Development Pro­ United States simultaneously. It should be African Development Fund and, assuming a gram has stabillzed at about $86 million a. possible to meet U.S. needs and at the same reduction of the U.S. share to one-third, ap­ year. In the meantime during these four time distribute Special Drawing Rights proximately $125 million for an expanded years the contributions of our European and (SDRs) of the International Monetary Fund IDA replenishment at the level being urged Canadian friends have gone up 52 percent. in a way that will benefit developing coun­ by the other industrialized nations. The com­ A U.S. contribution in the order of, say, $110 tries more. The poor countries have assigned petition With domestic budgetary needs is million next year would be acclaimed as a an importance to the redistribution of SDRs not only very nominal but the additional out­ sign of renewed U.S. confidence in the work that is now second only to their insistence on lays should be recouped through the im­ of the UNDP. trade preferences. The cost would be modest, proved cooperation this comprehensive ap­ Most industrial countries are supporting and the United States would gain both from proach should generate on many pressing na­ an expansion of the IDA to about $1.6 billion increased exports to the poor countries and tional problems which require international a year. The United States has been support­ from a better working of the world monetary solutions. Ing a much lower figure, closer to $1.2 system. SDR reallocation, like trade prefer­ Conclu si on blllion, as well as a reduction of the U.S. ences, offers the United States, as well as The United States has a special opportu­ share from 40 % to one-third. It is important other developed countries, a way of respond­ nity now to inspire a new dimension of inter­ t hat the United States support the same ing to strongly felt needs of the LDCs with­ national cooperation on the problems of de­ $1.6 billion figure that has been agreed to out assuming a significant burden on its own veloping countries. At a time when the co­ by the other developed countries. The cur­ economy. operation of the low-income countries is in­ rent insistence of the United States on re­ 5. Indochina Reconst ruct ion: creasingly required to help solve problems of ducing its share to one-third would generally While we recognize the existing uncer­ vital concern to the well-being of the United be regarded by most developing countries tainties, economic assistance for all Indo­ States and of the world generally, a U.S. ini­ as a matter between the United States and china countries is clearly indispensable if tiative to help the poor countries With their the other industrial countries. there is to be a successful implementation problems would be a highly appropriate fol­ A special effort should be made to secure of the Indochina settlement. Over the next low-up to the recent progress in ending the Congressional appropriation of the initial several years sizable reconstruction assist­ cold war era and current initiatives with re­ U.S. contribution of $100 million for the soft ance will be required for South Vietnam, gard to Europe and Japan. loan window of the Asian Development Cambodia, Laos and, most probably, North We should emphasize that for this initia­ Bank-a contribution to be m ade over three Vietnam. In addition significant amounts of tive to have t he desired impact, the elements _;. it· July _24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25805 described above should be seen as compris­ taries and political leaders-were honored gratulations are given to the members ing a whole that is greater than the sum of with the Hlinka Pokal. of the· graduating class for their scholas­ the parts. The success of the Congressional When the Russian armies approached tic accomplishments, and special refer­ proposals for restructuring bilateral develop­ Slovakia in the Fall-of 1944, the Hlinka Pokal ences are made to parents for their sacri­ ment aid and establishing an Export Devel­ was entrusted to me in Switzerland with the opment Credit Fund would mean not only a instructions to present it, after consulta­ fices and noble aspirations. far more effective program overseas at virtu­ tion with the former officers and members And I think there is nothing finer than ally no additional direct budgetary cost, but of the Slovak Catholic Students Federation a graduation speech that can bring to­ should also provide a new base of Congres­ abroad, to the most prominent personalities gether the momentoes, the exaltation, sional and public support for cooperative among Slovaks in the free world. and the comradeship of that splendid programs. Expanded soft loan financing for Thus the tradition of the "Hlinka Pokal" occasion. IDA and the Asian Development Bank by Award was revived in the 1950's in the United At this point in the RECORD, I would the United States would enable them to mo­ States where the idea of Slovak freedom and bilize far more resources from others and independence was re-born and great sacri­ like to call to the attention of my col­ would increase their capacity to make the fices were made by Americans of Slovak ori­ leagues a truly memorable graduation effective financial and leadership contribu­ gin for their native country and for pre­ speech delivered by my good friend and tion to the international reconstruction ef­ serving their cultural heritage. The long list chairman of the Watertown School fort needed for Indochina peace. Because of of personalities who, after Msgr. Hlinka, Committee, John Carver, at the Water­ the symbolic importance attached by the received the Award for their distinguished town High School graduation exercises developing countries to preferences and to activities for the Slovak cause was enlarged of 1973: a revised formula for allocating SDRs, some by several American Slovaks. In 1971 the responsiveness on these fronts will be re­ President of the Slovak Congress, Mr. S. B. TO THE GRADUATES OF 1973 quired for an effective package but would Roman, LL.D., K.C.G.S., was honored with Dr. Kelley, Reverend Clergy, Graduates of also allow the United States to demonstrate the Hlinka Pokal as the first Canadian. the Class of 1973, Ladies and Gentlemen: its concern for the strongly felt needs of low­ In Bratislava, the capital city of our na­ Graduation is a time for great rejoicing. income countries. To omit any one of these tive country, the presentation of the Hlinka Everyone-teachers, parents, friends and elements would significantly reduce the ef­ Pokal was the event of the year. We are relatives congratulate young men and women fect of the whole, both in terms of impact carrying on the tradition in the free world who have reached another plateau in their on the developing countries and on the abil­ to award those who, far away from the educational development. Aside from cele­ ity to achieve adequate supporting consensus Tatra Mountains and the River Danube, re­ brating this educational achievement, grad­ 1n the United States. mained faithful to the heritage of their uation brings classmates closer together in forefathers and stand for freedom, democ­ a common bond. You have shared confi­ racy and justice for Slovakia. dences, exulted in victories and accepted set­ Tonight, I have the honor to present the backs together. Now you celebrate a glorious Hlinka Pokal to His Excellency the Most occasion, one that will be forever a burning BISHOP ANDREW GRUTKA, SLOVAK memory, a sacred recollection. WORLD CONGRESS Reverend Bishop Andrew Grutka of Gary, Indiana. While you students are to be congratulated Your Excellency, there are many reasons for your scholastic achievements, gathered why the former officers of the Slovak Cath­ here today are others who have made your HON. RAY J. MADDEN olic Students Federation of whom several success possible. I refer to your parents who OF INDIANA are present (Dr. Pauco, Dr. Mikus, Dr. have made enormous sacrifices in time, money and effort to provide you with an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Kruzliak, Rev. M. Sprinc, Dr. Joseph Mikula,. etc.) decided that this historical Award education superior to their own. They have Tuesday, July 24, 1973 should be presented to you this year. The tried to give you more advantages than they themselves ever received. Now they see in Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, as a fel­ citation would be too long for this evening. In many respects it would also be unneces­ each of you an image of themselves that they low Hoosier, I was proud to attend the sary because your dedication to the Slovak wish to perfect. May God bless each and annual meeting of the Slovak World Con­ cause, your love of the country of your everyone of them for the aspirations they gress and witness honors bestowed upon ancestors of Slovak culture and religious have for you. Indiana's great religious leader, Bishop traditions, and your great desire to help the Your teachers, likewise, deserve commen­ people of Slovakia to regain their religious dation for their patience, perseverance and Andrew Grutka. sincerity of purpose on your behalf. Some His Eminence has received many hon­ freedom and their rightful place among the free nations of Europe, did not go un­ of you will study in schools and colleges of ors and recognition over the years. higher learning. Others will work with giants Bishop Grutka on this recent gather­ noticed by friends and foes of the Slovak nation. In your case, the old Latin dictum of industry. But I say to you now that these ing was honored with the ''Hlinka applies: "Opus laudat artificem." Although teachers will be the ones you'll always re­ Award." member, the ones you'll turn to for advice born in the United States and entrusted and guidance. The presentation was made by Prof. with a diocese which does not have many J. M. Kirschbaum, vice president of the Slovaks, in _your heart and soul you re­ Newsweek Magazine once published an mained the son of the Slovak soil; the Slo­ article hoping to alert Americans to their Slovak World Congress, on behalf of for­ basic responsibilities. It was captioned quote mer officers of the Slovak Federation of vak cause has been as close to your heart "No Man" quote and it ran like this. Catholic University Students. During the as it was to Msgr. Hlinka, to the Bishop­ Martyr Jan Vojtassak, Archbishop Kmetko, "You say let us-the No Man says let's past several years, a number of Ameri­ or Msgr. Dr. J. Tiso, all of whom were no~. You say here's an idea, the No Man says can Slovaks received the award. The last among the recipients of this Award. In the it won't work. You say yes, he says no. one who received it in the United States gallery of prominent Slovaks you followed You find this type of person in families was the late John A. Sabol, secretary gen­ armies, business, clubs and even sometime~ those who were guided in their activities by high in the affairs of our country. Doesn't he eral of the First Catholic Slovak Union. Hlinka's well-known guideline "For God and know or can't he learn that No-Man's Land is Before him, the Hlinka Pokal was award­ Nation," and, therefore, it was the feeling of a w-aste-land where nothing-yes nothing ed to the Rt. Rev. Abbot Theodor all of us who made the decision that Your can grow." Kojis, O.S.B., Msgr. M. Mlynarovic, Dr. Excellency is the most deserving Slovak for While the article ended thusly, its philoso­ Peter metko, and Msgr. Francis Dubosh. this Award in 1973. phy can readily be expanded and can serve The history of the minka Award was as an object lesson for you as you move ahead explained by Dr. Kirschbaum in his ad­ on life's highway. dress to the banquet, as follows: We have examples of this "No Man" in TO THE GRADUATES OF 1973 every community. He is the man who wants HLINKA AWARD to retain the status quo. He wants no expan­ Over 50 years ago when the prominent sion of industry, no cultural and economic Slovak national leader, Msgr. Andrew Hlinka, HON. THOMAS P. O'NEILL, JR. promotion-nothing which might dis·turb ex­ celebrated his 50th birthday, Slovak univer­ OF !4ASSACErUSETTS isting tranquility--or as you young people sity students organized in the Federation of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would say, "Don't make any wave.:;." Slovak Catholic ·Students, presented Msgr. He is the man who would stunt the growth Hlinka with a silver cup which later became Tuesday, July 24, 1973 of our cities and towns, who would known as Hlinka's Pokal. Msgr. Hlinka de­ Mr. O'NEILL. Mr. Speaker, graduation .discourage the spenking new buildings to cided that the award shoUld be given every replace a cooroding and obsolete structure year to the most deserving Slovak who ex­ is a time for great rejoicing, nostalgic of the past. He is the man who can never rec­ celled in any field of human endeavor and remembrances, and deserving recogni­ ognize the difference between an historic contributed to the prestige and advance­ tion for educational achievement. It is a landmark which should be preserved and ment of national aspirations of the Slovak day in which accolades of praise are paid time's natural decay which shoUld be de­ people. In the following years, a number of to teachers for their patience, and dedi­ stroyed. He is the man who believes that outstanding personalities-scholars, digni- cation of purpose, words of hearty con- what was good for yesterday is adequate for 25806 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973 today. He 1s the man who stands still while Why has this come about? Why?-partic­ quired for the development of major new progress moves his companions ahead. ularly in this State that has been so lavish energy supplies. The critical "balance wheel" He is one who views with alarm what in shipping tremendous volumes of this will be the volume of foreign oil imports; this others view with courage. He is one who puts wonderful energy to aid and comfort mil­ will be the element which will adjust for his back against the wall instead of his lions of citizens in other States-hundreds, our failures or successes in other energy sh oulder to the wheel; the one who resents yes, even thousands of miles distant- areas. everything and advocates nothing. He 1s a Today, energy is used for so many things, man of little faith and no tolerance who ob­ and so universally, that an adequate SURPLUS PRODUCTION CAPACITY structs instead of improvising; who takes ex­ quantity is necessary and essential for our Up until recently, we have heard about ception to every idea not consistent with his daily well being. the great quantity of oil and gas that Texas narrow concept of life. Ah, yes-this "No During the past several months we have and Louisiana could produce. Today, these Man" is a tower of consistency and he re­ seen some dramatic changes in attitudes by two states are producing all of the oil and gards it as a noble virtue. But consistent men the citizen-consumer concerning his energy gas they can efficiently produce. Nothing is can be dull and unimaginative men who con4 supplies. - being held back from the consumer. The sistently believe they are right in all things; In the past , our Nation has known nothing comforting surplus once maintained by our that war is the only way to settle disputes or but fuel abundance. We now are suffering, market demand proration systems has been conversely, that peace can be maintained at to a limited extent thus far, the penalty for consumed. any price; that America can stand alone, iso­ delay in exploration and drilling for oil and BALANCE OF PAYMENT PROBLEMS lated from the rest of the world and yet sur­ gas resulting in electric power brown-outs­ Increased oil and gas imports will provoke vive; that one race of men is ethnically su­ empty fuel tanks, closed schools, stranded perior to another. Such consistency is igno­ a large, deficit in the U.S. balance of trade. trucks and tractors, and factories with locked By the early 1980's, this could be in the $20 rant, short sighted and so typical of the "No doors. Man." to $30 billion dollar range, compared to less America cannot afford him any more than WHY IS THE UNITED STATES SHORT OF ALMOST than $3 billion dollars. it can afford the "Yes Man." The only type of EVERY TYPE OF FUEL? "When topmost leaders speak of 'impact­ man for today's world 1s the "Go Man", who The basic fact is that our Nation's appetite ing' our whole way of life, they are talking moves toward the future with confidence, for fuel is enormous. America, with only 6 % not only of the national security implications courage and faith-and the determination to of the world's population, consumes 33% but of the terrible consequences of an Amer­ build a better world. The "Go Man" learns of the world's energy and the demand con­ ican industrial "dimout". when to reject; when to lead and when to tinues to grow. Furthermore, these men are acutely aware follow. He 1s the man of the past who built of the damage to our international position LET'S FACE THE FACTS ABOUT OUR ENERGY from the outflow of dollars caused by the the present; he is the man of the present to OUT.LOOK whom nothing is impossible. He belongs to purchase of foreign oil. The Nation's requirements for energy will The Middle East has 85 % of oil reserves of the construction gang, not the wrecking crew. about double between now and 1985. In this I'll close now on a personal note. Down Western world outside U.S.A. and Canada; period, we shall have to rely upon gas, oil, therefore, they can control the world energy through the years your teachers have ranked coal, and nuclear power for at least 95% of classes. Some are good, some better than market any way they wish-including shut­ others and some adjudged outstanding. This our needs. The fact is that energy 1s the ting off the supply, if they so desire, or rais­ 1973 class ranks high by every standard of livelihood of industrial nations, the one re­ ing the price to whatever level suits their measurement, in scholarship, arts, science, source without which all others are useless. own self-interests. Today we are in stiff athletics and in your contributions to the NATURAL GAS IS SCARCE competition with Europe and Japan for Mid­ community. You leave this school with a Presently, our supply of natural gas 1s dle East's oil; it is definitely a seller's market. sterling reputation and you take with you enough to last 12 years. Ten years ago, we The day may not be far off when our great the best wishes of proud parents, the admira­ had 20 years' supply. There has been a de­ country w111 be blackmailed because of pol­ tion of your teachers and the confidence in cline of 38% in a decade. icies which have failed to protect our own energy needs. your ability to make this a better world, CRUDE on. IMPORTS wn.L HAVE TO QUADRUPLE and as for me, I congratulate you on bring­ ENERGY COSTS ARE BOUND TO RISE In 1971, we had only 8 years' supply of oll ing great credit on yourselves, your parents, We have seen the lowest price for energy teachers and on this Town. compared with 10 years' supply in 1961. We are currently importing near 30% of our that we will ever see in our lifetime. There is oil-most of it from the tinder box area of only one way for prices to go, and that is up. the Middle East-and it 1s estimated that POLITICAL FAULT FINDING by 1985, we will be importing between 50~ The bureaucrats and politicians want a THE ENERGY CRISIS IS REAL and 60%. "whipping boy" for higher fuel prices and NUCLEAR POWER-WHERE IS IT? shortages and apparently their target is the Today, we have the equivalent of only ten oil companies. All the criticism the last few HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE weeks and months hasn't found or produced OF TEXAS plants of 1,000 megawatts each, in opera­ tion, and about 45 planned or under con­ one barrel of oil or one thousand cubic feet IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES struction. On line schedules are being re­ of gas. If they'd turn the spotlight on them­ Tuesday, July 24, 1973 tarded by technical difficulties and environ-. selves instead of pointing· an accusing finger mental restraints. at someone else maybe conditions would Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, change for the better. COAL-WE PRODUCE LITTLE :MORE NOW THAN Mr. L. Frank Pitts, president of the Com­ WHAT CAUSED THE ENERGY CRISIS? puter Systems, Dallas, Tex., gave an WE DID 50 YEARS AGO Production of coal will probably double To explain what caused the energy crisis, address to the Rotary Club of Dallas, during the next 15 years. We have adequate tts ramifications and offer my views on what Tex. the other day concerning the energy reserves. Limiting factors are the availability can be done to improve the present situation crisis. If there is anyone who doubts that of manpower, environmental considerations, on both a short and long term basis is tJo we have a problem, I commend Mr. Pitts' complex to encompass in the time allowed mine health and safety regulations, and a for a rotary club speech. Here are some ob­ remarks to them: proven process to commercially produce liq­ servations which may be helpful. ENERGY SPEECH BY L. FRANK Pl'ITS, uids and pipeline gas. GASOLXNE ROTARY CLUB, DALLAS, TEXAS RESEARCH Because gasoline supply probabl~ affects The energy crisis is no illusion, it's real­ We are now spending at the rate of 30 more people, I will discuss it first. it's going to be with us for quite a while­ to 40 million dollars annually-this must be Is there really a gasoline shortage? Yes, to live with it, and eventually overcome it, doubled or tripled-maybe not to the degree but not critical. We are not out of gasoline. will require total dedication of our people­ of that spent on space, but a major increase. There is enough for basic purposes. Refineries and a substantial investment-in patience Investment? Enormous capital inputs will are producing more gasoline, but consump­ as well as money. be necessary to provide for our energy re-. tion has increased faster and has outstripped Only three short years ago if I had stood quirements. A plant producing 250 million supply. here and prophesized that our Capital City­ cubic feet of gas daily may cost 250 to 300 In the five-year period from 1962 to 1967, Austin-and the third largest Metropolitan million dollars-to meet our energy needs, gasoline demand increased at a growth rate area in our wonderful State, San Antonio, the required capital outlay will probably of 18 percent. In the next five years, demand woUld be suffering because they did not have reach a level of several hundreds of billions spurted at a rate of 57 percent over the enough natural gas to operate their electric of dollars. previous five year rate. And thus far, this power plants- • NEAR-TERM SHORTAGEs-WE CANNOT ESCAPE year, another 25 percent increase. Who would have believed it!! Yet-today­ THEM This is dramatic growth. Why? There are the officials there are asking people to up We may be able to relieve our near-term several reasons. the temperature of their homes and offices energy problems through appropriate govern­ 1. New car sales are at record highs. from 72 o to 82 • and to minimize the use ment and industry action, but there is no 2. People drive their cars more. of lighting and power usage-thereby realistic probability of a complete escape 3. New cars, with pollution controls and utilizing every device and opportunity pos­ from them. This 1s true because of the long safety devices mandated by government, con­ sible to reduce the demand for natural gas. lead times-often five to eight years-re- sume more gasoline. July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25807 The demand for home heating oils and COAL sary economic incentive to bring forth more diesel fuels during last winter's heating sea­ Ainerica is blessed with broadly scattered exploration activities, more productive capa­ son contributed to this shortage today be­ coal reserves and estimated to be sufficient city and more refineries in this country, and cause domestic refiners concentrated their to furnish our total basic energy needs. incidentally, it may also serve to dampen efforts on these products, with full knowledge With annual consumption of 600 million demand. of governmental authorities. This maxima­ tons, we have proven reserves for some 200 Third, institute a coordinated national tion of these products, necessarily reduced years. In addition, all western states hold energy policy that spells out clearly our com­ our ability to build up gasoline inventories vast quantities of oil-shale from which rela­ mitment to the development of new energy for the summer peak motoring season. tively high grade oil can be extracted at cost, supplies. This policy must be coordinated at The reverse may be the case next winter. competitive with the probable price of im­ the Federal level so that we can avoid the duplication, delays and sometimes contra­ NATURAL GAS ported oil. Research and development has been in dictory judgments affecting our business that About 1954 the Federal Power Commission presently result from having 64 agencies in placed artificial prices on natural gas which progress for more than 25 years. From coal and shale, hydrocarbons can be Washington with some say in energy matters. have proven to be low, forcing natural gas The appointment of Colorado Governor John into a non-competitive situation with other derived and commercial processes are avail­ able today. Love to head the new White House energy fuels. office is an encouraging step in the direction Maintenance of this policy probably more Large sums are being expended to this end of better coordination. than anything else, helped accelerate the by both industry and government--but drain on our energy reserves because: much more needs to be done to achieve our CLOS~G--ECOLOGISTS First, the low price of natural gas caused goals. We in America are facing the question people to use more. Within the next ten years, we can protect whether simon pure air and water are more Second, gas economics were insufficient to our requirements for gas, oil and electric beneficial to our health and welfare than ls interest investors to search for new oil and power using coal and shale as the basic electric power and other products from gas sources. source. hydrocarbon sources. While large investments wlll be required We are now faced with the fact that both THE ENVIRONMENTALISTS HAVE CONTRIBUTED our energy sources, other than coal, and our TO THE ENERGY CRISIS for research and construction of facilities, the use of our own natural resources will minerals are running out. Congress has passed needed legislation to Without immediate implementation of our protect our environment. But today, many react to our economic advantages rather than being burdened with billions of dollars re­ technological processes through basic re­ people are justifiably concerned that this is­ search and development to replace both sue is being escalated beyond reason. sulting from the payment of unfavorable trade balances. energy and mineral sources, America is faced Ramifications of environmental protection with a complete change in its way of life and on the oil industry are a lot like ripples in WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT THE ENERGY a lowering of its standard of living. a stream. Without delving too deeply into SHORTAGE However, I firmly believe we can find the these issues-or trying to debate the pros and One step that has been taken is to in­ answer to the energy shortage when we put cons of each-I would like to list for you crease our imports of crude oil and refined our minds, talents, and our expertise in tech­ some of the developments related to the en­ products. For the next decade at least, we nology to this problem just as we were suc­ vironment which, taken in composite, helped will continue to rely on foreign oil to supply cessful in putting men on the moon in a bring about the energy shortage: a considerable portion of our needs. relatively short space of time. And I don't First, the largest reserves of oil and gas More domestic refining capacity clearly think it will cost nearly as much. discovered in our country in recent years are holds the key to clearing the bottleneck in offshore and in Alaska. the petroleum flow. However, it would take Restrictions on offshort petroleum develop­ a lead time of two or three years before ment have hindered production of California, a new refinery is in production, even if in the Gulf of Mexico and offshore east coast. started today. GOT A BORING JOB?-READ THIS The largest energy market in the world is To minimize the impact of the energy along our east coast from Washington to of living. This doesn't mean that we'll have Boston. The people in this area refuse to al­ to go back to burning candles, or the horse HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON low drilling offshore where there are two huge and buggy. It does mean that we will need OF MASSACHUSETTS basins that have great potential. So far, no to use energy more wisely in our daily lives. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Higher prices w111 be one of the things that well has been drilled. Tuesday, July 24, 1973 They think it's alright for us to drill off­ will make us more energy conscious. As the cost of operating big cars continues Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, last shore Texas and Louisiana and ship our oil to increase, we may switch to small, more and gas at low prices to them for their eco­ economical cars or perhaps drive less mile­ week I took the opportunity to insert in nomic gain and social enjoyment. age. the RECORD an analysis of the Depart­ Second, opposition to the construction of More mass transit in the larger cities ment of Health, Education, and Welfare's the trans-Alaskan pipeline. has seriously de­ will help relieve the commuter crunch on our special task force report, "Work in layed the ultimate delivery of north slope overcrowded highways and, at the same America," in an attempt to bring the is­ oil to markets in the lower 48 states. time, reduce gasoline consumption measur­ sue of work quality to the -attention of my Third, restriction by major cities against ably. colleagues. Improved insulation of homes and build­ sulphur emissions into the air have sharply A recent book, "Job Power," by David curtailed the role of coal-the fuel in great­ ings will reduce heating and air condition­ ing costs . . . and energy consumption. Jenkins, has provided a much needed est supply in the u.s.-while further strain­ supplement to the report. In detailing ing our oil and gas reesrves. These restric­ Cutting off unnecessary lights and appli­ the results of experiments with "in­ tions also limit the kinds of crude oil that ances at home and the office will further dustrial democracy" experienced in vari­ can be delivered and where they can be conserve energy. WHAT CAN GOVERNMENT DO? ous industries in many different coun­ used. tries, Jenkins' book furthers the dialog (EXAMPLE-ATLANTIC CITY, N.J.-AD-LIB) First, we strike a better balance between environmental goals and energy require­ on the issue of industrial democracy that Fourth, environmental considerations have was begun in this country by "Work in made it increasingly difficult for oil com­ ments. The present strict air quality stand­ panies to construct new refineries and ter­ ards should be relaxed so that coal and America." minals, and without increased refining ca­ heavy fuel oil can be substituted for heat­ In particular, "Job Power" points out pacity, no amount of available domestic or ing oil and natural gas. the rather substantial benefits of per­ imported crude oil can alleviate our present With coal reserves sufficient to last for mitting workers a voice in structuring the energy problem. hundreds of years, using this abundant re­ conditions of their immediate environ­ Fifth, federal automobile emission stand­ source in some of its traditional markets for ment. It seems that forms of industrial ards have increased gasoline consumption in electric power generation wlll help ease the democracy hold tremendous promise for new cars and required substantialy more drain on our oil and gas supplies. It will also the revitalization of the U.S. econ­ crude oil to produce the same amount of un­ free up natural gas or heating oil for home omy and American society in that both leaded gasoline. Studies have shown that use. Although this isn't an ideal solution, it increases in productivity and decreases emission control devices on 1973 cars have seems quite practical if we are to utilize all in worker alienation have invariably been reduced gasoline mileage by approximately 15 of our domestic energy supplies in the most the results of such experiments. These percent and thls percentage will increase efficient manner. positive implications of industrial de- markedly-possibly as much as 25 percent by Hold automobile emission standards 1976--a.s these standards get tougher. roughly at their present levels. mocracy merit greater public attention Although there are other factors that Second, energy prices should be allowed than the subject has been given to date. helped the energy shortage along, I believe to find their own competitive level in the For the information of my colleagues, these five led the way. marketplace. This would provide the neces- Robert Sherrill's perceptive critique of 25808 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973 Mr. Jenkins' book, which appeared in driven him crazy. Are the lessons seeping tary of Health, Education, and Welfare," the "New York Times Book Review" of upward? It's been known for a long time written by 10 persons with impressive cre­ July 8, 1973, follows: that many assembly line workers feel they dentials and a humane bias. They have put must booze pretty heavily at noon to make together one of those useful assemblages of BOOK REVIEW it through the rest of the day, but now ("Job Power," Blue and White Collar data, anecdotes and recommendations that investigators are finding a shockingly large win-like other task force studies on mari­ Democracy. By David Jenkins. 375 pp. New number who seek escape via heroin, too (15 York: Doubleday & Co. $8.95.) juana, pornography, campus unrest, civil dis­ per cent at one plant). Has word of this orders, and crime--doubtless be met with ("Work in America," report of a Special begun to penetrate the paneled walls of the Task Force to the Secretary of Health, Edu­ either indifference or hostility at the White boardrooms? And if so, what do our corporate House and Cabinet levels. At least the re­ cation, and Welfare. Foreword by Elliot L. deities intend to do about it besides send­ Richardson. 262 pp. Cambridge, Mass.: The port has been out for several months now, ing down stone tablets commanding the rab­ and there is no sign that it has energized any­ MIT Press, Paper, $2.95.) ble to cease and desist? one at those levels. (By Robert Sherrill) * The few industrialists daring to show :flex­ Still, the report is good to have around, When Peter J. (Pistol) Brennan was up for ibility have often had impressive success. and so is David Jenkins' "Job Power: Blue confirmation before the Senate Labor Com­ On a hot-plate assembly line where the rou­ and White Collar Democracy," a solid piece mittee, Senator Edward Kennedy asked him tine was switched from having each girl do of leg-work that took him across two conti­ what proposals he had for overcoming worker a tiny part of the job to letting each as­ nents. Although the conclusions in these two alienation and low job morale. Brennan's semble the entire hot plate, absenteeism books are not exactly new-for my money, suggested remedy was to bring in "some go­ dropped from 8 per cent to 1 per cent in six they aren't saying much that John Ruskin go girls" to entertain male workers. "If it is months and rejects dropped from 23 percent wasn't saying on the same problem 120 years women, we bring in men to dance." to 1 per cent as productivity shot up to 47 per ago-it's just as well that they are making · Whether or not that accurately measures cent. At an Eaton's plant and at Texas Instru­ their points because to get anybody but the intellectual horsepower of our new Labor ments, too, janitors who were allowed to over­ theoreticians to pay attention you've got to Secretary, it is fairly representative of the see their own supply inventories and work make the same points repeatedly for at least kind of dippy response you can expect from out the plans for keeping the buildings clean a century or so. most bureaucrats and most labor leaders actually began to keep them clean. Think If industrial democracy is the answer, when they are asked to develop a rescue pro­ of the potential if this kind of freedom Jenkins shows how far away this goal re­ gram for employes who are bored stiff by spread. Airline stewardesses may not have mains, and not only in America. If I read their assignments, who feel exploited and the imagination of janitors; but if they him correctly, the only impressive example .helpless, and whose work shows it. were allowed to select the food for their pas­ is among Israel's kibbutzim. There's so little Far from being singular to our era, this sengers, there just might be less :flying gar­ similarity between a kibbutz industry and, problem is actually old and chronic. The auto bage. say, Inland Steel that attempting to find worker who bitches because day in and day Don't spend all your sympathies on the our guidance in the Israel experience might out he does nothing but tighten the same .six assembly line, however. Those unfortunates, seem to be silly. Apparently their workers bolts is the inheritor of a long, rich traditiOn after all, make up less than two per cent of are motivated by an idealism that most of boredom stretching back at least to that the workers in thls country, and in the scale Americans would look upon as naive. 18th-century pin factory immortalized by of proper priorities, perhaps they are not the most in need of help. White-collar work­ But a different kind of idealism, a prac­ Adam Smith. ("One man draws out the wire, tical idealism, might work for us. Never mind another straights it, a third cuts it, a fourth ers are just about as unhappy and prob­ ably have a great deal more to do with the the fuzzy stuff about working "for America" points it, a fifth grinds it at the top for or "for the future" but just simply working receiving the head.") quality of life in America. One poll shows that only 43 per cent of white collars would for quality and honesty. Neither of these The latest wave of interest is artificially books gives enough weight to the possibility different only in that it is identifiable as post­ pick the same job if they had it to do over again, which is only two percentage points that regimentation and repetition may not Lordstown. Ever since workers on the General have nearly so much to do with worker Motors assembly line at Lordstown, Ohio, above the disenchantment of auto workers and steel workers. One college graduate for alienation as does the fact that much work walked off their jobs last year to protest what just isn't worth doing at all or is basically they considered an inhuman work pace (101 some reason complained being bored by her job with a company that had sent her to corrupt. Even the dumbest worker hired to cars an hour) and deadening regimentation, manufacture spray deodorant containers, or a few of the corporate bosses of America have a Xerox school for three hours and, O!l grad­ uating from it, gave her a goldplated plaque plastic plates, or pressed-sawdust furniture, been fidgeting like Virginia planters in the or ersatz packaged fOod must realize that it wake of Nat Turner. Something would have to show that she knew how to punch the button. wouldn't really matter if his factory closed to be done to get the menials singing again down forever. So why should he care about as they picked cotton and assembled autos, Well, naturally our Federal leaders are his work? for happy workers are productive workers going to step right in and solve the prob­ and productive workers equate with higher lem, right? Just as they have solved our A modified form of worthlessness was other problems. The President's National touched on recently by Sheldon Samuels, an profits. A.F.L-C.I.O. official, who pointed out to this But fidgeting is a long way from making Commission on Productivity recently reforms. Just as most people were reluctant changed its name to National Commission reviewer that at the Ford agency where he to accept the world as round, it will take a on Productivity and Work Quality-a nice gets his Pinto repaired, the three top me­ long while to convince most employers that a little gesture to let the workers know that chanics drive Volkswagen. "One reason auto typical worker's head is not concave and their bureaucrats really care. workers are unhappy," says he, "is that they that a firm's personnel problems may be As for our vigilant Congress, last year Sen­ are turning out lousy products and they traced to the fact that, as British industrial ators Edward Kennedy, Jacob Javits, Gaylord know their companies don't want them to relations expert Leonard Neal expressed it, Nelson and Adlai Stevenson III introduced produce quality prOducts. The consumer "The growth of amuence, the growth of edu­ a typical New Frontier-Great Society trial movement is going to do more for workers' cation, has led to a shortage of morons." balloon bill that they wanted to inflate with $20-million to achieve something that sounds morale than anything else could do." Many employers would probably agree with And isn't it possible that an occasional Henry Ford n:· "The average worker like it's right off the label of W. C. Fields' wants a job in which he does not have to tonic cure-all-"solutions to the problem beam of idealism, if encouraged, could even think." Not too strangely, Ford's attitude is of alienation, absenteeism, high turnover, penetrate the stygian darkness of the bu­ shared by many union officials. In 1970, the poor quality work and lessened productivity, reaucracy, which now imprisons 15 per cent same year Ford made his appraisal, a United poor mental health, poor motivation, alcohol­ of our workers? What revolutionary improve­ Aut o Workers staff member told David Jen­ ism, drug abuse, and social dissatisfaction ments in morale might occur if, say, the kins: "This concept of deadly monotony on among workers." employes in the Interior Department were the job is an intellectual middle-class con­ These are penurious days for social pro­ allowed to administer Federal lands and na­ cept-we wouldn't stand it-but for the grams, so the bill went nowhere in 1972, but tural resources for their children and their worker it is acceptable because he doesn't it's back again this year. What are its nE'ighbors everywhere rather than primarily have to think about what he's doing." chances? I called Kennedy's office and Javits' for oil and lumber and cattle corporations. But those things were said before Lords­ office to find out but was told in both places Until we get rid of products and services town. T.bey were also said before an auto that the only men who knew anything about the subject were "away from their desks" that aren't worth killing ourselves over, worker was freed by a jury of his peers for there's something to be said for the milder killing two foremen and another worker on and not likely to be back the rest of the day-a typical response :from the highly-paid forms of sabotage, such as that o:f the steel­ the grounds that the assembly line had staffs of Capitol Hill, which I intepret to worker who confessed that "when I make mean they have already solved the work something, I put a. little dent in it. I like to *Robert Sherrill's "The Saturday Night problem in their own way. do something to make it really unique." The Special," on the politics of guns, will be pub- And then there I s ''Work In America: Got hic nature, thank goodness, does survive lished in September. Report of a Special Task Force to the Secre-· and may be the workers' salvation after all. July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25809 THE POSTWAR FOLLmS many other nations from would-be predators. ernment, during the Revolutionary War) When in this century aggressor nations, am­ preyed on the American merchant marine. bitious for world conquest, became more so The U.S. government protested-but it was because of the naval and military weakness too weak to do more. HON. BOB WILSON of the democracies and finally did challenge Then, in 1792, Algerian corsairs captured OF CALIFORNIA the Royal Navy, as well as the ascendant, several ships and enslaved over 100 more IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES newly powerful U.S. Navy, at sea, there fol­ American mariners. Congress finally author­ lowed the catastrophe of two world wars. ized the building of six frigates-but soon Tuesday, July 24, 1973 Those who lived through the darkest days cut that number to three when U.S. diplo­ of World War II, particularly, know how mats negotiated a humiliating peace at a Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, the perilously thin was the margin of naval/ tribute cost of one-sixth of the national dictum that the man who does not know military strength by which the Allies finally revenue (then $6 million). history is destined to repeat it is not won out, and should remember that Great At that time the nation's income came al­ just timeworn trivia. When we are talk­ Britain nearly succumbed to a submarine most exclusively from taxes on foreign trade. ing in terms of naval preparedness, this force insignificant to that which the Krem­ During the 1795--97 period, income averaged dictum is doubly applicable. With the lin now directs. Those in the U.S. Navy who under $6.5 million annually, of which the survived will never forget the dark and Navy was allocated 5.5 per cent. Congress ob- long-awaited end to the Vietnam con­ desperate year after Pearl Harbor when the . viously wasn't rushing to rebuild a :fleet, even flict, our Nation again faces the specter Japanese had a stronger Navy in the Pacific, though world war still raged. of overreaction in terms of reducing our nor the immense efforts required of the com­ As hostilities mounted, outrages against defense. I commend to the attention of bined navies of the United States, Great American commerce increased. French cor­ my House colleagues the following ar­ Britain, and other Allied countries to check sairs even captured ships in U.S. territorial ticle by Rear Adm. Ernest McNeill the smaller German and Japanese navies. waters. Congress consequently sped up com­ Eller, USN past, with Looked at through another prism, the aspects of sea power, and the USSR, far be­ only a few bright spots. Navy's share of the overall national budget hind, wasn't even in the running. Each generation seems to find its own had shrunk to 10 per cent, a hazardous level It is now evident, and becoming more so false standard to displace strength, which at any time, but downright foolhardy in each day, that the United States will in the history has repeatedly demonstrated is the 1950, when the mantle of leadership of the future have to import more and more raw one sure hope for peace in a world where Free World had fallen on the United States. materials fer the U.S. economy-and, there­ aggression never sleeps. The post-World War Thus, even with the tragic lesson of the fore, the American way of life itself-to sur­ I generation found solace in the term "dis­ •1930s made abundantly clear by hindsight, vive. This being the case, intelligent men armament." Full of good will, the United only a decade later U.S. leaders were making may ask, why have those who control this States scrapped real ships, afloat and build­ the same disastrous mistakes. Actually, such nation's destiny not seemed to learn, as ap­ ing; other nations scrapped mostly blueprints repetition of previous mistakes was far worse parently Kremlin leaders have learned, that and obsolete hulls. than the originals, since there was full evi­ the nation that controls the seas controls The Depression and vocal anti-arms ad­ dence of the Kremlin's intent to dominate the course of civilization? vocates led U.S. leaders to cut back even the world stage. There are those who say that the present more. Hence, the Navy was not permitted to THE LONELY GUARDIAN drive to cut expenditures for national secur­ build up even to treaty levels. By 1930 ity is a natural revulsion on the part of funds allotted to the Navy had shrunk The folly of the late 1940s surpassed pre­ ceding ones in yet another way. During the democratic peoples to spending heavily for to under 11 percent of the national budget, armaments immediately after a war. There and matters soon grew worse. From 1932 to 1930s the Navy shared U.S. defense funds close to 50-50 with the Army, averaging over may be some truth in this theory, but it is 1939 Navy funding averaged well under half evident from a study of history that the na­ a billion dollars annually- about 7 percent of 45 per cent of the small pittance that Con­ gress was allocating for security. But at that tion acted more wisely after the War of the national budget, approximating the dol­ 1812, the Spanish-American War, and the drum ratio of the 1870s and 1880s. The Army time Great Britain still had a powerful fleet, comparable in size to the U.S. fleet. By 1950, Korean War. At least part of the difference, received little more. it would seem, was the foresight of the na­ This head-in-the-sand folly, it should be however, the U.S. Navy stood almost alone as guardian of the seas, but the share of the tion's leaders of those times, as well as their noted, took place in an environment radically willingness to go to the people and explain different from the post-Civil War era, when new tri-service defense budget earmarked for sea power had dwindled to 30 per cent. to them the need for a continuing strong na­ the British Navy kept world peace. During tional defense. the 1930s explosive dangers raged on three Just as Pearl Harbor followed America's lack of foresight in the 1930s, so in 1950 came The seas, and free access to them, have cont inents as the world was rocked by the ever wielded a mighty influence on the conquests of the Nazis in Germany and the the onslaught of the communist juggernaut that rolled down Korea, sweeping to the last American destiny, and will prove even more Fascists in Italy at the same time Japanese vital to the American future. Thos~ who love imperialists were threatening Asia and the corner of land on that embattled peninsula before finally being checked. by the Inchon and understand the sea, and who also kno\V Con"l munists were completing their brutal and love this country, may well pray today­ consolidation of the USSR. landing and subsequent U.S./U.N. counter~ attacks. The shadow of the mighty World having seen the Free World and the U.S. role WHAT PRICE WEAKNESS? War II Navy and Marine forces that had in it twice barely escape annihilation-that Th e inevitable followed. Determined ag­ swept across the Pacific sufficed once again, in this third and last chance of this century gressors, encouraged by weakness, unloosed though barely, and only because the sea was u.s. leadership, in Congress as well as in the t he horror of another world war. If Britain uncontested. Executive Branch, will rise to the need and and America had been prepared, this and fu­ Had the U.S. Navy been stronger and had not throw away, once again, the strength t ure generations may well ask, would Hitler U.S. forces ashore been larger, however, there that has always been a mandatory prerequis~ have risked the gamble into Poland? If the might have been no Korean War and no need ite to freedom. July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25811 AMENDMENTS TO H.R. 9360 "(B) with full recognition of the constitu­ .. ( 11) Appeals from the decisions of the tional right of either House to change the Chair relating to the application of the rules rules (so far as relating to the procedure of the Senate or the House of Representa­ of that House) at any time, in the same man­ tives, as the case may be, to the procedure HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM ner, and to the same extent as 1n the case relating to a resolution with respect to a OF NEW YORK of any other rule of that House. sal_e, credit sale, or guaranty are decided IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "(4) For purposes of paragraphs (2) without debate." through (11) of this subsection, •resolution' Tuesday, July 24, 1973 means only a resolution of either House of Congress, the matter after the resolving Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, in ac­ clause of which is as follows: 'That the cord with paragraph 6 of ru1e xxm of does not approve the (sale, MURDER BY HANDGUN: A CASE FOR the Ru1es of the House of Representa­ credit sale, guaranty) for and GUN CONTROL-NO. 7 tives, I wish to notify the House that I explained in the report transmitted to Con­ intend to offer the following amendments gress by the President on , 19--.', at the appropriate time during considera­ the appropriate phrase within the paren­ HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON theses being selected, the first blank space tion of H.R. 9360, the Mutual Develop­ OF MASSACHUSETTS therein being filled with the name of the ment and Cooperation Act of 1973, as re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ported by the House Foreign Affairs resolving House, the second blank space therein being filled with the name of the Tuesday, July 24, 1973 Committee: foreign country on whose behalf the sale, Amendment to H.R. 9360, As Reported. credit sale, or guaranty is made, and the Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, Offered by Mr. Bingham. other blank spaces therein being appropri­ today's account of a gun murder, pub­ Page 39, beginning in line 20, strike out ately filled with the date of the transmittal lished in the Chicago Tribune, demon­ "$632,000,000" and insert in lieu thereof of the report; but does not include a reso­ strates how vu1nerable we all are to the "$441,000,000". lution specifying more than one sale, credit violence which can strike at any minute, Amendment to H.R. 9360, As Reported. Of­ sale, or guaranty. as long as handguns are so easily avail­ fered by Mr. Bingham. "(5) If the committee, to which has been able. Page 51, strike out line 14 and all that fol­ referred a resolution disapproving a sale, lows down through line 17, and insert in lieu credit sale, or guaranty, has not reported Timothy Tharbs, age 21, was shot and thereof the following: the resolution at the end of ten calendar killed by an unidentified man as Tharbs (j) In section 36 of chapter 3, relating to days after its introduction, it is in order to walked toward his porch. Tharbs was a reports on commercial and governmental move either to discharge the committee from narcotics dealer, according to witnesses, military exports, amend subsection (a) to further consideration of the resolution or to so he may have known that the lifestyle read as follows: discharge the committee from further con­ which he had chosen had many elements sideration of any other resolution with re­ "(a) (1) Prior to making any sale, credit spect to the same sale, credit sale, or guar­ of violence attached to it. His fate, sale, or guaranty to any country under this anty which has been referred to the com­ unfortunate as it was, may not have Act exceeding $25,000,000, and prior to mak­ mittee. come as a complete surprise. ing any sale, credit sale, or guaranty to any " ( 6) A motion to discharge may be made But eight people who lived in the country under this Act in any fiscal year, only by an individual favoring the resolu­ building were sitting on the porch as the amount of which, when added to all tion, is highly privileged (except that it may Tharbs ran up the stairs, pursued by other such sales, credit sales, and guaranties not be made after the committee has re­ made during such year to that country will gunfire. Two of those people, Grover ported a resolution with respect to the same .Travis, 44, and Emma Carter, 46, were exceed estimates of the aggregate of such sale, credit sale, or guaranty), and debate sales provided pursuant to subsection (b) for thereon is limited to not more than one shot, wounded in the back. They were that fiscal year, the President shall transmit hour, to be divided equally between those innocent victims, caught in the middle at the earliest possible time a written report favoring and those opposing the resolution. of a violent situation not of their own to the Senate and the House of Representa­ An amendment to the motion is not in or­ making. tives on the same day giving a complete ex­ der, and it is not inorder to move to reco­ We are all potential victims. We may planation with respect to such proposed sale, sider the vote by which the motion is agreed consider ourselves decent citizens, con­ credit sale, or guaranty. Any such report to or disagreed to. shall not include an explanation relating to cerned only with our jobs and our fami­ more than one proposed sale, credit sale, or "(7) If the motion to discharge is agreed lies. We may think that no one wou1d guaranty. to, or disagreed to, the motion may not be want to shoot us. Yet that stray bullet­ renewed, nor may another motion to dis­ "(2) (A) The President may make such charge the committee be made with respect that bu1let meant for someone else, that sale, credit sale, or guaranty thirty days after to any other resolution with respect to the bu1let fired out of malice, that bu1let fired the report has been so transmitted unless, same sale, credit sale, or guaranty. for no apparent reason-could strike any before the end of the first period of thirty "(8) When the committee has reported, or one of us. calendar days of continuous session of Con­ Handguns are the earliest weapons in gress after the date on which the report is has been discharged from further considera­ tion of, a resolution with respect to a sale, the country. They are easily concealed, transmitted, either House adopts a resolu~ tion disapproving the sale, credit sale, or credit sale, or guaranty, it is at any time they are easily obtained, and they kill guaranty with respect to which the report is thereafter in order (even though a previous very effectively. We can decrease our motion to the same effect has been disagreed own sense of vulnerability only if we made. to) to move to proceed to the consideration "(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A) of of the resolution. The motion is highly priv­ decrease the number of handguns in cir­ this paragraph- ileged and is not debatable. An amendment to culation. Strong guri control legislation "(i) the continuity of a session is broken the motion is not in order, and it is not in wou1d be a step in the right direction. only by an adjournment of the Congress order to move to reconsider the vote by The article from the July 20 Chicago sine die; and which the motion is agreed to or disagreed "(ii) the days on which either House is Tribune follows: not in session because of an adjournmen·t of to. 21-YEAR-OLD MAN Is SHOT TO DEATH more than three days to a day certain a;re "(9) Debate on the resolution is limited A 21-year-old man was shot and killed excluded in the computation of the thirty~ to not more than two hours, to be divided Wednesday night and two other persons day period. equally between those favoring and those wounded on the front porch of a three-fiat " ( 3) Paragraphs ( 4) through ( 11) of this opposing the resolution. A motion further to building at 1618 S. Christiana Av. subsection are enacted by Congress- limit debate is not debatable. An amend­ Sgt. Frank Hughes of the Marquette Police " (A) as an exercise of the rulemaking ment to, or motion to recommit, the resolu­ District said an unidentified man walking power of the Senate and the House of tion is not in order, and it is not in order south on Christiana began firing a gun at Representatives, respectively, and as such to move to reconsider the vote by which the Timothy Tharbs, 7956 S. Aberdeen St., as they are deemed a part of the rules of each resolution is agreed to or disagreed to. Tharbs walked toward the porch. Tharbs ran up the stairs and the gunman kept shooting, House, respectively, but applicable only with "(10) Motions to postpone, made with re­ striking a man and woman who were among rei>peCt to the procedure to be followed 1n spect to the discharge from committee, or eight persons on the porch, Sgt. Hughes said. the House in the case of resolutions described the consideration of, a resolution with re­ Tharbs was pronounced dead in Mount Si­ by this section; and they supersede other spect to a sale, credit sale, or guaranty, and nai Hospital with a bullet wound in the chest. rules only to the extent that they are incon­ motions to proceed to the consideration of According to Sgt. Hughes, witnesses said that sistent therewith; and other business, are decided without debate. Tharbs was a narcotics dealer. Grover Travis, 25812 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1973 44, and Emma Carter, 46, who lived 1n the Today, Gibson County is still a pros­ building were both wounded in the back. movements today, cannot be counte­ They were in guarded condition in Mount perous and progressive section of Ten­ nanced or accepted by a nation whose Sinai, but not immediately admitted. nessee. Although the county is primarily way of life comprises an obvious and cer­ agriculturally oriented, there are large tain recognition of the law of God. On numbers and a variety of industries who January 22, the Supreme Court handed call Gibson County their home. Citizens down its tragic decision which turned GIBSON COUNTY, TENN., of Gibson County take Plide in the num­ "thumbs down" on the lives of millions SESQUICENTENNIAL ber and quality of churches, modern hos­ of unborn children. The new legal ar­ pitals, and libraries which have been es­ rangement on abortion makes a mockery tablished. of the God-given and most important HON. ED JONES Being the 12th largest county in the human right-the right to life. As the OF TENNESSEE State of Tennessee populationwise, Gib­ dangers of public acceptance of this im­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES son County has 26 towns and communi­ provident decision become more evident, ties which the citizens of the county Tuesday, July 24, 1973 we must strengthen our efforts to reverse call home. Unincorporated towns and the Court holding and restore respect for Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, communities include Brazil, Cades, Ea­ the life of the unborn in our society. as the first Congressman from Gibson ton, Edison, Fairview, Frog Jump, Fruit­ Mr. Speaker, among the hundreds of County, Tenn., since Davy Crockett, it land, Gann, Gibson Wells, Goat City, letters which I have recently received is my pleasure to announce the sesqui­ Goosefoot, Graball, Holly Leaf, Idlewild, expressing opposition to the Court rul­ centennial celebration of Gibson Coun­ Lynn Point, Neboville, Sitka, Skullbone, ing, one was sent by Mary Higgins, a ty, Tenn. The purpose of the celebration and Whiteway. The incorporated towns young lady studying nursing at the Uni­ is to commemorate Gibson County's 150 are Bradford, Dyer, Gibson, Humboldt, versity of Wisconsin. Enclosed in Miss years of continued progress. In the fol­ Kenton, Medina, Milan, Rutherford, Higgins' letter was a study which she had lowing brief history of Gibson County, Trenton, and my own hometown York­ recently completed on abortion. The in­ one can easily understand the appro­ ville. sight, and the sense of firmness and hope priateness of the theme of the sesqui­ Citizens of Gibson County take great are reflected in Miss Higgins' own state­ centennial celebration: pride in their communities and they cer­ ment that each person has a job to do in An Honorable Past With a Pathway to a tainly have reason to. Bradford is the life that no one else could ever duplicate. Great Future. noodle soup capital of the world. Gibson She writes: is a shipping point for truck crops. Hum­ Named in the honor and memory of boldt is the home of the West Tennessee We all touch one another's life in ways Col. John H. Gibson, Gibson County that are irreplacable. Man's gross judgment was organized October 21, 1823. Eaton, Strawberry Festival. Kenton is the home can in no way imitate the natural order of the oldest settlement in Gibson County of the rare and beautiful white squirrels. things. There isn't a judgment capable of Dyer was an important rail shipping perfect selectivity-which abortion implies. was the port of river commerce for the point for adjoining Dyer County. Medina No matter how gifted a visionary is, he can. county. However, with the introduction this year celebrates its centennial. Milan not possible foresee the potential of good­ of the railroad, more settlements sprang is the home of Dr. Andrew Holt, presi­ ness or justice that may come out of life, if up and the development of the county dent emeritus of the University of Ten­ that life is given a chance. was underway. The oldest town in Gib­ nessee at Knoxville. Rutherford is the Mr. Speaker, at this time I would like son County, Trenton, now has the honor home of Davy Crockett. Trenton boasts to commend Miss Higgins' study to the of being the county seat. The first term the world's largest and finest collection attention of our colleagues: of county court was held in the home of of Porcelain Veilleuse Theseres. Skull­ THE RIGHT To LivE Luke Biggs on January 5, 1824. After bone is the home of former world's cham­ completion of the county's first court­ In this age of social consciousness and pions "fist and skullbone fighters." outrage over injustice to the helpless, it is house, the county court was moved and I am proud to say I am a Gibson ironic that abortion should slide so easily into held its first session there in April 1825. Countian. As a resident of Yorkville, I vogue. This is definitely a turning point in The first bank in the county, currently realize and share the proud tradition the course of human affairs for the American celebrating 100 years of service, was that is part of Gibson County. Davy people. The calmness with which the people known as the Banking House of E. A. are accepting the Supreme Cour1i decision of Crockett introduced the bill to create January 22 signals the shadowing of a dan­ Collins, and it is now known as the Milan Gibson County in the Tennessee Legisla­ Banking Co. Currently, Gibson County gerous idea over the face of our peoples. This ture. And now, 150 years later, it is my new passiveness will seep through the cracks has more banks than any other county in pleasure to announce the Gibson County under the doors of our houses and nudge each the State and is the only county in the sesquicentennial celebration which will of us. State to have a bankers association. An­ be held October 15 through 21. 1973. Don Some say that the fetal life is not a human other historical distinction that Gibson Farmer, president of the Sesquicenten­ being. Who is to define a human being? Does County enjoys stems from the Gibson nial Association, and his associates have thought or independent sustenance or age County Fair, the oldest county fair in determine whether growing matter is a life? devoted much time and effort into mak­ When a baby is born prematurely and sur­ the South, which was first held in ing the celebration as successful as the October 1856. vives, is that being more human than one history of Gibson County. which was forcibly aborted at the same age? With the continuing progress that Gib­ As a resident of Gibson County, I take There are a number of social consequences son County has enjoyed in its history this opportunity to invite everyone to that abortion has which act as negative came the formation of the Gibson Coun­ come and participate in the sesquicen­ forces in society. Someone once said: Cen­ ty Electric Membership Cooperative. The tennial celebration, and to see for your­ turies from now historians Will look back purpose of the Co-op was to extend the self why Gibson County is a cotmty "with on this era and say that was a time when conveniences of electricity to rural areas. an honorable past with a pathway to a men killed their young." Those historians Also, as a result of the concern that Gib­ will write about the ills our socfety suffered great future." because of the snowball effect that abortion son Countians had and still have for one had on "liberal" views of cont rol of human another came the establishment of the life. "It is easier for a man to kill if those Gibson County Health Department, the around him are killing, and it is easier for a first such department in west Tennessee THE RIGHT TO LIFE man t o kill if he has killed before. All fanati­ and the third in the entire State. cal tyrants have known this from ancient Gibson County takes pride in the prog­ oriental chieftains to Torquemada to Hitler ress of its citizens. Col. Davy Crockett HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI to Mao. The moral instincts of humans are in generally fragile, and if they are not con­ represented Gibson County the Ten­ OF WISCONSIN stantly renewed by vigorous use, they wear nessee State Legislature in 1821 and later IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES away until t h ey crumble completely." 1 Thls represented the west Tennessee area as Tuesday, July 24, 1973 view sounds a litt le bit extreme in relation a Member of Congress in 1826. In addi­ to abortion unt il you take a look back at a tion, three members of the Gibson Coun­ Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, the at­ tragic case. The beginnings in Germany were ty Bar Association have served with dis­ titude that there is such a thing as a "life merely a shift in emphasis of the basic atti­ tinction on the Tennessee Supreme not worth living or not worth letting tudes of physicians. It started with the ac- Court. live" which is reflected in certain popular Footnotes at end of article. .. ! July 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25813 ceptance of the attitude; basic in the euthan­ cline in babies available for adoptions. Many ing an abortion culture. It is a comfortable asia movement, that there is such a thing as adoption agencies have stopped accepting ap­ way of life that settles for the least incon­ a life not worth living or nor worth letting plications from childless couples ... venient solution to moral dilemmas. live.2 Throughout the U.S. and Canada babies What was said in Sweden 20 years ago now Possibly one of the most convincing factors for adoption have become almost unavail­ seems to apply in the United States: If a for abortion is the tremendous number that able. There are and will be far more good majority of the people hold an act to be have already been performed. It is over­ homes than babies available."~ moral, it is moral.7 However the "majority" whelming and nauseating at the same time It is my thesis that the undefinable fetal is barely representative of the public's opin­ to believe that those unborn persons were life (it is definitely growing and living) ion. A Gallup poll released one week after the wrongly murdered. It is much more easing must be treated as sacred human material­ decision disclosed that 46% of the public to the conscience to drift with the tide and a n alogous to any other unconscious, de­ favors the right of a woman on advice of her say that the nation's physicians performing pendent form of human life. We are all de­ physician to have an abortion during the abortions can't all be wrong. People want to pendent on people or forces outside of our­ first trimester; 45% opposed and 9 % no believe that events surrounding them are selves to varied degrees; so that the criterion opinion.8 It appears that the Supreme Court normal and sane. The burden or bother of of dependence doesn't make something in­ has listened only to the high pressure ele­ questioning a law is too much with such an human. The human vegetables or people who ment that favors abortion. important affair. will never come out of a coma are still In the 7-2 majority opinion, Justice Black­ I see no way of stopping the widespread ac­ human beings. They have the more noticable mun, while taking note of the prominence ceptance of legal abortion-which is inevit­ manifestations of our characteristics of de­ of this question, wrote: "We need not resolve able if the next generation grows up with it­ pendence and unconsciousness. The fetal life the difficult question of when life begins. from blossoming into a general acceptance of is just as human as these, just more easily When those trained in the respective dis­ euthanasia and eventually selectivity in swept under the rug. Society still has some ciplines of medicine, philosophy and theology breeding. Even though there may be ideals conscience in caring for and preserving the are unable to arrive at any consenses, the and great plans of Utopia behind it, the dependents in adult life; why do they aban­ judiciary, at this point in the development manipulation of human birth and existence don the prenatal life? The fetal life has the of man's knowledge, is not in a position to by scientists is a jinxed expedition. Man qualities present in our own lives in different speculate as to the answer." 9 This is saying: will end up exterminating other men. "If we extremes and proportions. we don't understand something, so we will find the taking of human life acceptable for Something that many people forget when leave the decision up to the multitude. We purposes of social convenience under some discussing the fetus is that there were more will hurry up and say yes and later maybe circumstances, are we not going to pave the than two forces (the parents) involved in we'll understand what it is we are doing. ground for the taking of human life under the formation of a new life. Procreation is Scholastic speculations about the time o! other circumstances in order to meet other a power given by God. The growth of a unique "ensoulment" of the fetal life are inappro­ objectives of social convenience?"-Sen. new group of cells is a miracle. Scientists priate and misleading. It is impossible for James Buckley. should be proud of their test tube DNA, arti­ theologians and physicians to determine the With the dawning of women's rights, the ficial insemination, sperm freezing and ab­ exact point in the continuum of tissue life issues are getting badly confused. There is no sentee mothers-but this still isn't life pro­ when it can be said that personhood has reason for women to believe that life is a bed duced independently of God. Decisions con­ been attained. "When is day truly day and of roses. It isn't that way for anyone. No trolling this new life are not ours to make. night truly night, rather than dusk or dawn woman should be led to believe that she can There is another important property of which distinguished them. The belief in per­ prevent a pregnancy 100% with anything but the fetal life which should demand our re­ sonhood is basic, but the definition remains abstinence from sex or sterilization. That's a spect. It is at least a potential (if not already in dispute." 10 risk that must be taken into consideration. true) person. This means that the world's In the interest of life and justice I oppose Instead of looking to abortion as a relief from most valuable resource is being threatened­ the murder of our young. What a society their "burden", woman should pursue other life by life. The race is not necessarily in dan­ values, it protects with laws. relatively acceptable alternatives: to put the ger, but the irreplaceable elements are. We all "If a man loses reverence for any part of life, baby up for adoption after her 9 months or have a great interest-almost as an invest­ He will lose his reverence for all life" to pursue her interests in court with a pa­ ment-in each potential life. "Each human -ALBERT SCHWEITZER. ternity suit. being is unique and irreplaceable. In the FOOTNOTES The United States Supreme Court legalized realm of being, no one can take the place 1 abortion saying that the termination of an of another. Theodosius Dobzhansky, the Edwin A. Roberts, National Observer, Nobel Laureate in genetics says that the pos­ Jan. 18, 1971, in Handbook on Abortion (Cin­ unwanted pregnancy is up to a woman and cinnati, Ohio, 1972), p. 128. her doctor. The court ruled that the criminal sible variations of human genotypes consti­ 2 abortion laws of almost every state violated tute so vast a number as to be equal to the Leo Alexander, Medical Science Under a constitutional "right of privacy" and must number of atoms in the universe. Unique­ Dictatorship, New England J. of Med., July 1949 in Handbook on Abortion, p. 89. therefore be struck down. The "right to pri­ ness does not wait upon one's being born 3 vacy" argument used by many pro-abortion­ and becoming a conscious person; rather, J. C. Evans, "The Abortion Decision: A ists is fine for the adult woman as a single each combination of ovum and spermatozoon Balancing of Rights" Christian Century, Feb­ individual, but how about the unborn woman initiates unique life. The definition and ruary 14, 1973, p. 197. or man? If you stand outside of a door and identity of human life must be given in " "Callahan on Abortion", Commonweal, listen to a mother battering her child, even terms of personhood, and not alone in February 9, 1973, p. 410. 6 Dr. & Mrs. J. Willke, Handbook on to the point of killing it, what would you do? terms of living tissue." 8 Countless signifi­ c. Would you respect the privacy of her home? cant and essential persons-which everyone Abortion, (Cincinnati, Ohio 1972), p. 14.2. .You probably would not. Hopefully you is-will never be allowed to leave a scratch 6 J. R. Nelson, "What Does Theology Say would break down the door and rescue the on the surface of the earth, as they were About Abortion?" Christian Century, Jan­ child. By virtue of her abuse of another hu­ meant to do. It is my personal belief that uary 31, 1973, p. 124-8. man person, she surrendered her constitu­ each person has a job in life that no one 7 Ibid. tional right to privacy in this case. The same else could ever do like him. We all touch s Dr. & Mrs. J. C. Willke, Handbook on analogy applies to abortion.3 Rights of per­ another's life in ways that are irreplaceable. Abortion, p. 51. sonhood and life must be judged superior to Man's gross judgments can in no way imi­ 9 J. C. Evans, "The Abortion Decision: A the rights of privacy or sexual identity. tate the natural order of things. There isn't Balancing of Rights" Christian Century, Daniel Callahan writes that "the essence a human judgement capable of perfect se­ Feb.14,1973,p. 196. of the moral problem in abortion is the lectivity-which abortion implies. No matter 10 J. R. Nelson, "What Does Theology Say proper way in which to balance the rights how gifted a visonary is, he cannot possibly About Abortion?" Christian Century, Jan. 31, of the unborn (who very early have heads, forsee the potential of goodness or justice 1973, p. 124-8. fingers, toes, receptivity to stimuli, recordable that may come out of a life, if that life is EEG's, ... no less than you and me) against given a chance. BmLIOGRAPHY the right of a woman not to have a child she Our government, however, has haphazardly Christian Century January 31, 1973. Feb­ does not want ... Values are reconstructed entrusted every mother and her doctor with ruary 14, 1973. by making the value of a potential human this role of selector. The Supreme Court Commonweal February 9, 1973. Febru­ being dependent upon being wanted by it's says that abortion is o.k., but that is an ary 16, 1973. mother."' empty approval. It is not their place to con­ The Death Peddlers: War on the Unborn It is not true that a child born today could done this slaughter. They have surrendered (Collegeville. Minn., 1971) Paul Marx O.S.B. be unwanted. The adoption agencies across to the mob, they have washed their hands of Ph.D. the nation have waiting lists of prospective their role as protector of the unborn. Handbook on Abortion (Cincinnati, Ohio, parents eager for a baby to love. There are The court seems to be running away from 1972) Dr. & Mrs. J. C. Willke. homes for the babies whose mothers will not any responsibility or sense as a guiding body Lancet January 13, 1973. or cannot take up the mother role. "With the of supposedly wise leaders. The court drama­ Nation February 5, 1973. availability of abortion in New York and tizes what has been clear under other signs National Review March 2, 1973. other states there has been a precipitous de- for some time: we stand in danger of becom- Newsweek February 5, 1973.