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Biosystematics of Higher Plants in New Zealand 1965–1984

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Biosystematics of Higher Plants in New Zealand 1965–1984 New Zealand Journal of Botany ISSN: 0028-825X (Print) 1175-8643 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzb20 Biosystematics of higher plants in New Zealand 1965–1984 H. E. Connor To cite this article: H. E. Connor (1985) Biosystematics of higher plants in New Zealand 1965–1984, New Zealand Journal of Botany, 23:4, 613-643, DOI: 10.1080/0028825X.1985.10434233 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1985.10434233 Published online: 04 May 2012. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 141 View related articles Citing articles: 12 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnzb20 Download by: [125.239.168.206] Date: 22 August 2017, At: 08:23 Nell' Zealand journal of' BOlan)'. 1985. 1'01. 23 : 613-644 613 0028-825X/85/2304-0613$2.50/0 © Crown copyright 1985 Biosystematics of higher plants In New Zealand 1965-1984 CONTENTS H. E. CONNORt Page Centre for Resource Management INTRODUCTION .................. .. .. .... 614 University of Canterbury C·ytology ......................................... .. ............. 614 Christchurch, New Zealand Experimental hybrids ............ .. .............. 614 HIGHER PLANTS ................................... .. ..... 614 A. GYMNOSPERMAE ............... 614 P()[)OC-\RPACEAE ... ....... 614 a Natural Hybridism ....... .. .. ............. 614 Abstract During 1965-1984 progress in the h Ecotyp) ................ 615 study of biosystematics of the New Zealand flora B. DICOTYLEDONES .. ....... ....... ...615 has advanced an understanding of the monocoty­ I. COMPOSIT·\E .............. .. ..................... 615 ledonous clement more than the dicotyledonous. Hrachl'f;/'>III.I .... .. ...... 617 ( .c/ IIIlsia ........... ............................. ...... 617 In Lleula. Fi.l'IIlU.\', and CO/'Iadc/'ia experimentally (','Ili/U ............................................................................. 61 ~ produced hybrids between New Zealand species and SCI1('ClO ............................................................................ 619 overseas taxa have measured gene-exchange, 2. FAGACEAE - .\'oliIo/Uglls ................ .............. b 19 allowed generic realignment or confirmed taxon­ .1 CiOODENIACEAE -'ie/liera.. .. .................... 619 omic judgements. ChiolloCh/OQ, Gramineae. lies to 4. HALORACiACEAE - l/u/oragll ............................ 619 5. MYRTACEAE.. .................... 620 the forefront in experimental work at specific and l.£'f>IO.IPl'l'IlI II 111 .............................................................. 62() infraspecific levels. ecologically. physiologically, 11.'1111::1'0 ............................................................................ 620 biochemically and morphologically. and will con­ 6. ONAGRACEAE - F"i/o/>llIm ................................ 620 tinue to yield information needed to comprehend 7. RllBIACEAE - (·opro.l//IlJ ..................................... 622 its evolution in New Zealand. Among dicotyledons 8. SCROPHliLARIACFAL. .. ................................. 622 }'u/'iIhclw ......................................................................... 622 Epilohi II III. Onagraceae, is the best documented }/c/>c......................... .............. 622 genus because of the extent of the study of experi­ 9. 11MBELLIFERAE .................................................... 622 mental hybrids. natural hybridism. gene-exchange. a Natural Hybridism ..................................................... 622 and cytology. b Cultivation Experiments ............................................ (2) Experimental studies on economically important 10. WINTERACEAE - 1'.I·l'lIlilm·illlcra ...................... 623 plants with a long lifespan e.g., NOlho(aglls arc few. II. HYBRIDISA nON WITH ALIEN FLORA ....... 6~3 and even in the study of hybrid asteliads. at the C. \10NOCOTYLEDONES ...................................... 6~3 end of 12-13 years there had been no flowering to I. ASPARACiALES ...................................................... 6~3 .·jsll'lili and (·oI/O\[il'l'lIlIllII ............................................ 623 allow a first assessment of pollen or seed fertilitv. ('ordI'IiIlC ........................................................................ 624 Experimental studies needed for the recogniti~n }'hOflllllllll ....................................................................... 6~ 5 of ecotypes are also few but data and responses to ~. LlLlALES - 1.1/>l'I'lIu ............................................... 625 Downloaded by [125.239.168.206] at 08:23 22 August 2017 ultramafic soils and geothermally determined soils 3 . .IUNCALES ................................................................ 6~5 are available. I.II::II/a ............................................................................. 6~5 Wild hybrids, their frequency. their fertility or a Hybrids between N.Z. taxa ....................................... 6~5 b Cienetic relationships between N.Z. and sterility, have been studied in a sporadic way. l:'pi­ overseas taxa .............................................................. 627 lo/Jiufll excepted, and have not yielded the data ./IIIICIIS ............................................................................. 627 needed for writing the flora of New Zealand. The 4. (·YPERALES ............................................................. 627 Cockayne-Allan pedestal of 50 years ago awaits its ('arc\, ..............................................................................627 column and capital. L cl/CIIIlU ........................................................................... 6~7 5. GRAMINALES ......................................................... 628 a Danthonieae ................................................................ 628 Keywords Biosystematics: New Zealand: natu­ (·hi(lllnch/nu .................................................................... 6~8 ral hybrids: experimental hybrids; fertility: gene­ (i) Hybridism ................................................................. 628 exchange; infra-specific differentiation; ecotypy (ii) lnfraspccific differentiation ..................................... 6~8 (iii) Cultivation and transplant cxperimcnts .............. 630 ~·ogft~~;·~~··=·j,:i;:;;;;;:;::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::~~~ c Poeac - Fl's/IICO ........................................................ 634 tMiss E. L. Hellaby Indigenous Grasslands Research CONCLUSION ............................................................. 635 Fellow ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................ 637 RCi'cil'cd 2 .-IIIgllSI 19115 REFERENCES .............................................................. 637 614 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23 INTRODUCTION synthesise the hybrid from the supposed parents'. The experimental hybrid Sophora tetraptera (n = This descriptive account of progress in biosyste­ 9) X S. prostrata (n = 9) has been made (Godley matics of the New Zealand flora is one part of a 1979) in part ' .... to clinch the argument .. .' that S. symposium to honour Dr E. J. Godley who began microphylla arose in New Zealand, and derived work in "Biosystematics' or the 'New Systemat­ some of its present variation, especially its juvenile ics", at Cambridge University in 1945 on Agro­ forms, from S. prost rata and from the older species pyron (Godley 1951). This review continues that of S. tetraptera. The presence of juvenile forms is of my late colleague John Bruce Hair for the period considerable significance. Extensive studies on S. 1945-1964 (Hair 1966), a period which encom­ microphylla (Godley & Smith 1977, Godley 1979) passed the post-war boom in botany to which he showed that the possession of a juvenile form is was a substantial contributor. the rule in South Island, except for S. microphylla Included here are those studies which incorpo­ var. /ongicarinata from northern Nelson. Plants rate the classical biosystematic catalogue of eco­ from the Chatham Is, some North Auckland popu­ typy, transplant experiments, natural hybridism, lations, and some central North Island populations measurement of gene-exchange in experimental and lack the divaricating juvenile phase found else­ natural hybrids, fertility-sterility assessments, and where in North Island. infraspecific differentiation. Godley (1979) indicated that S. prost rata could Of the main sustaining elements in biosyste­ not be, as proposed by Cockayne (1912), a fixed or matics - cytology, genetics, experimental hybrids, permanently juvenile (neotenous) form of S. micro­ morphology, and ecology - substantial contribu­ phylla, and suggested the reverse, namely, that the tions in New Zealand have been made in cytology juvenile form of S. microphylla is derived from S. and experimental hybrids. prost rata. The F, S. tetraptera X S. prostrata grown by Cytology Godley (op. cit.), and probably subsequent gener­ In his review ofbiosystematics of the New Zealand ations, is critical to his hypothesis; flavonoid pro­ flora Hair (1966) indicated that the chromosome files should help distinguish stages in the proposed numbers of just less than 40% of the 1800 indige­ evolution of S. microphylla because the suggested nous vascular plants were known. Chromosome parents have distinctive complements (Markham numbers are now published in the series 'Contri­ & Godley 1972). The outcome will be important butions to a chromosome atlas
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