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Annual Report ANNUAL REPORT European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH T 2014 R PO E R AL ANNU GmbH XFEL European IMPRINT European XFEL Annual Report 2014 Published by European XFEL GmbH Editor in chief Massimo Altarelli Managing editor Bernd Ebeling Copy editors Kurt Ament Ilka Flegel, Textlabor, Jena Joseph W. Piergrossi Image editor Frank Poppe Coordination Joseph W. Piergrossi Frank Poppe Layout and graphics blum design und kommunikation GmbH, Hamburg Photos and graphs Anton Barty, CFEL/DESY (p. 16); BINP, Novosibirsk (p. 76); A. Ferrari, HZDR (p. 125); FHH, Landesbetrieb Geoinf. und Vermessung (aerial views pp. 20–21); DESY, Hamburg (pp. 6, 12–13, 50–53, 60–61, 70–71, 77, 79, 80, 85–90, 92, 98, 184–185); DTU, Kongens Lyngby (p. 10); EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, Cambridge (p. 152); Ettore Zanon S.p.A., Schio (p. 80); JJ X-Ray, Lyngby (p. 78); R. P. Kurta et al. (p. 106); PSI, Villigen (p. 78); University of Rostock (pp.15, 46) All others: European XFEL Printing Heigener Europrint GmbH, Hamburg Available from European XFEL GmbH Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany +49 (0)40 8998-6006 [email protected] www.xfel.eu/documents Copy deadline 31 December 2014 www.xfel.eu Copying is welcomed provided the source is acknowledged and an archive copy sent to the European XFEL GmbH. The European XFEL is organized as a non-profit company with limited liability under German law (GmbH) that has international shareholders. ANNUAL REPORT European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH CONTENTS 6 FOREWORD 6 Foreword by the Management Board 10 Foreword by the Council Chairman 01 12 NEWS AND EVENTS 18 FaCTS AND FIGURES 20 At a glance 43 Cooperation 22 Staff 49 User consortia 02 28 Organization chart 50 Short history of European XFEL 29 Budget 31 Shareholders 32 Organs and committees 03 60 CiviL CONSTRUCTION 70 IN-KIND CONTRIBUTIONS 72 IKC Overview 04 82 Accelerator Consortium 4 CONTENTS 6 FOREWORD 94 PHOTON BEAM SYSTEMS 6 Foreword by the Management Board 96 Undulator Systems 10 Foreword by the Council Chairman 100 Simulation of Photon Fields 05 104 Theory 108 X-Ray Optics and Beam Transport 112 X-Ray Photon Diagnostics 12 NEWS AND EVENTS 118 SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT 120 Scientific Instrument FXE 146 Optical Lasers 123 Scientific Instrument HED 150 Sample Environment 06 128 Scientific Instrument MID 154 Central Instruments Engineering 133 Scientific Instrument SCS 138 Scientific Instrument SPB/SFX 142 Scientific Instrument SQS 156 DeTECTORS AND DATA ACQUISITION 158 Detector Development 162 Advanced Electronics 07 164 Control and Analysis Software 167 IT and Data Management 60 CiviL CONSTRUCTION 170 SERVICES 172 Administrative Services 187 Technical Services 176 Internal Audit 192 Safety and Radiation Protection 08 177 Human Resources 179 Press and Public Relations 182 User Office 183 Photon Systems Project Office 70 IN-KIND CONTRIBUTIONS 196 SCIENTIFIC RECORD 72 IKC Overview 198 European XFEL Users’ Meeting 82 Accelerator Consortium 199 Hard X-Ray FEL Collaboration Meeting 09 199 RACIRI Summer School 200 Workshops 201 Seminars 202 Publications 5 6 FOREWORD BY THE MANAGEMENT BOARD Left to right Thomas Tschentscher, Serguei Molodtsov, Claudia Burger, Massimo Altarelli, and Andreas S. Schwarz Dear Readers, This annual report is intended to bring you up to date with the progress of the construction of the European XFEL facility during 2014. We would also like to share with you the excitement and enthusiasm of our staff and of the community of potential users worldwide. An important achievement in 2014 was reaching the required assembly rate for the accelerator modules and the necessary production rate for the very important radio frequency (RF) couplers, which transport the power of the microwave field needed to accelerate the electrons to the cavities inside the modules. These achievements mitigated considerable schedule risks for the project and opened the way to strategies for accelerating the production and installation of the linear accelerator in the tunnel. The installation of the injector laser and of the accelerating structures for the injector also progressed well. Commissioning with beam is expected to start in mid-2015. By the end of 2014, eight of the total 100 accelerator modules had been installed in their final configuration in the tunnel. Infrastructure installation in the photon tunnels also made great progress and, in the last quarter of the year, the first components for the undulator systems that generate the X-ray flashes were lined up in the tunnel. The 91 undulator segments for all three undulators of the startup phase were in house by the end of the year. At the same time, a large fraction of the components for the intersections between two consecutive undulator segments were also delivered. 7 FOREWORD BY THE MANAGEMENT BOARD In 2014, the financial resources required to equip one of the hard X-ray undulators with the components needed for self-seeding became available. Self-seeding is a technique, invented by scientists from European XFEL and Deutsches Elektronen- Synchrotron (DESY), that greatly improves the quality and reproducibility of the pulses produced by X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs). The X-ray laser pulses generated in the undulators will be guided to the experiment hall by photon beam transport systems, which include appropriate diagnostic equipment. Developments for various diagnostic components were performed in house or in collaboration with other partners, and tests at existing FEL facilities were very successful. The most challenging parts of the photon beamlines are the mirrors, with properties that exceed the previous state of the art and require extremely sophisticated technologies. In 2014, the basic infrastructure for climate control, power distribution, and media in the experiment hall was completed and the first experiment enclosure, a very heavy concrete hutch for the High Energy Density Science (HED) instrument, was built. A major effort—undertaken with the help of specialized engineering companies and advisory committees—was made to optimize the experiment hutches, their technical systems, and the corresponding procurement strategies. The instruments are expected to receive beam in late 2016 or early 2017. The Femtosecond X-Ray Experiments (FXE) group started testing important pieces of instrumentation, including an X-ray emission spectrometer. It will adopt the 2D Large Pixel Detector (LPD), developed by a consortium led by the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, on behalf of European XFEL. The Single Particles, Clusters, and Biomolecules and Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SPB/SFX) instrument will adopt the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD), also developed on behalf of European XFEL. The other instruments are also making progress. The Optical Lasers, Detector Development, and Sample Environment groups are closely collaborating with the instrument groups to produce the surrounding equipment needed for a world- class experimental programme. In collaboration with the University of Hamburg, theoretical support for the experiments at the European XFEL was started. The former Data Acquisition (DAQ) and Control Systems group was divided into three groups: Advanced Electronics, Control and Analysis Software, and IT and Data Management. This new structure is enabling European XFEL to perform the tasks of the former DAQ and Control Systems group more efficiently. 8 FOREWORD BY THE MANAGEMENT BOARD In May, construction started on the headquarters building, with laboratories and offices just above the experiment hall. Completion is expected in spring 2016. At the end of 2014, very positive news came from the United Kingdom: the decision of the government to join European XFEL as a full member, with a contribution of up to 30 million pounds for the construction of the facility. This is yet another sign of the confidence of the international scientific community in the bright future of the European XFEL. All the achievements of 2014 were the results of the efforts and competence of our staff and that of our partner institutions, to whom we wish to express our deep gratitude. We would also like to thank the Council and the members of our committees for their valuable advice as well as the governments of our partner countries for their ongoing support of the project. Together, we continue to build a leading new international research facility that will help take on some of society’s grand scientific challenges. Massimo Altarelli Serguei Molodtsov Claudia Burger Andreas S. Schwarz Managing Directors Thomas Tschentscher Scientific Directors 9 FOREWORD BY THE EUROPEAN XFEL COUNCIL CHAIRMAN Martin Meedom Nielsen Dear Readers, It was a great honour for me to be appointed chairman of the European XFEL Council in 2014, together with Lars Börjesson as the new vice chairman. Although new in this position, I have had the pleasure of following this exciting project from the beginning—first out of scientific curiosity and then as a delegate to the council since 2010. As a scientist, I have had the pleasure to perform several experiments at the two operational hard X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs)— the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) in California and the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact Free Electron Laser (SACLA) in Japan—often in close collaboration with staff from European XFEL. If anything, this experience serves to underline the immense challenges and hard work involved in making an X-ray FEL facility capable of producing scientific results and, at the same time, enabling the truly marvellous range of new scientific discoveries still waiting to be made. Judging from the overflowing auditorium at the 2014 European XFEL Users’ Meeting, the user community shares the high expectations of the scientific possibilities and is eager to take advantage of the tremendous progress that is being made in X-ray science at FEL facilities. European XFEL is making every effort to build a world-class facility to meet these expectations and is actively incorporating developments based on the experience already gained as well as creating new solutions and ideas.
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