DOCSLIB.ORG

Ekonomisk Översikt

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ekonomisk Översikt Ekonomisk översikt September 2009 Den internationella ekonomins utveckling och tillväxtutsikter för Finland 2009 - 10 .... 1 Förändringar i prognosklimatet ............................................................................................. 2 Centrala osäkerheter och hot .................................................................................................. 4 USA: Stimulansen biter, recessionen bryts ......................................................................... 7 Kina: Stark uppgång! .................................................................................................................. 15 Indien: Elefanten på egna ben igen ...................................................................................... 21 Japan: Så som fågel Fenix ur askan........................................................................................ 22 Ryssland: Recessionen slog till och hårt! ............................................................................. 25 Euroområdet: Ljus i sikte!................... ....................................................................................... 27 Räntor: Vändningen uppåt låter vänta på sig.................................................................... 36 Valutor: Massor av frågetecken! ............................................................................................. 46 Finland: När inleds tillväxten?.................................................................................................. 49 Box: Klimatförändring och världsekonomi ........................................................................................................ 5 Tabeller 1–2 Prognoser över den internationella ekonomin ............................................................. 3 Tabell 3 Ränte- och valutakursprognoser ........................................................................................ 3 Tabell 4 Centrala prognossiffror för Finland .................................................................................... 3 Tabeller 5–8 Prognoser över den finländska ekonomin ...................................................................... 60 Tabell 9 Olika länders och ekonomiska områdens andel av världens BNP och befolkning, %, samt produktivitet i förhållande till USA ............................................ 61 Chefsekonom: Timo Tyrväinen, Aktia Bank Abp Tryck: Yliopistopaino Aktia Bank Abp publicerar denna översikt vederlagsfritt. Analysen som presenteras i översikten och utsikterna som baserar sig på analysen bygger på information tillgänglig för allmänheten. Även om vi använder källor som Aktia Bank anser vara så tillför- litliga som möjligt, kan det utan förvarning ske t.o.m. stora förändringar i omständigheterna, vilka kan påverka bedömningarna i denna översikt. Varken Aktia Bank Abp, dess dotter- eller delägarbolag, samarbetspartners eller anställda vid ovannämnda bolag garanterar riktigheten eller fullständigheten av uppgifterna i kommentarerna och översikterna. De ansvarar inte heller för skador som eventuellt förorsakats av användningen av uppgifterna. Kopiering eller direkt citering av kommentarerna och översikterna, eller delar av dem, är förbjuden utan Aktia Bank Abp:s till- stånd. Den internationella ekonomins utveckling och tillväxtutsikter för Finland 200910 Den internationella utvecklingen År 2009 minskar världsekonomin med nästan 1 ½ %. När den globala finanskrisen tillspetsades hösten 2008 och den våldsamma avmattningen av världshandeln spred en allvarlig recession till alla kontinenter låg det förebud om en global upprepning av depressionen på 30-talet i luften. Den kunde undvikas tack vare en unik aggressivitet i den ekonomiska politiken. Under 30-talets depression förvärrades situationen av såväl finans- som centralbankspolitiken, och protektionismen beseglade det hela. Dagens ekonomisk-politiska positionering är diagonalt motsatt den på 30-talet, och därför har världshandeln börjat hämta sig och världsekonomin kommer att växa med drygt 3 % 2010. Detta är framför allt tillväxtekonomiernas förtjänst. Deras BNP växer med 4 ½–5 % 2010, medan tillväxten i de utvecklade länderna stannar vid 0,5–1,5 %. Billigare världsmarknadspriser på olja och mat dämpade inflationen i alla länder efter sommaren 2008. Trots att det avmattade ekonomiska läget har ansträngt också den inhemska inflationen i utvecklade länder är deflationsfarhågorna överdrivna. Inflationstrycken ökas av att råoljepriset pressas uppåt i takt med att världsekonomin återhämtar sig. Den allvarliga recessionen i USA började i december 2007. Även om de ekonomisk-politiska åtgärderna inte hindrade recessionen från att fördjupas har de dämpat och förkortat den. Det finns redan klara tecken på att nedgången har planat ut. BNP krymper med 2,7 % 2009. Ekonomin får fast mark under fötterna under hösten, och BNP växer med 1,8 % 2010. När tillväxten har förstärkts så mycket att arbetslösheten börjar sjunka, kommer centralbanken FED att vända styrräntan uppåt före sommaren 2010. Det är nödvändigt att lätta på hyperstimulansen i rätt tid för att hindra inflationsförväntningarna från att öka och nya bubblor från att utvecklas. Kinas BNP växer tack vare stimulansåtgärder med 8,0 % 2009 och med 9,0 % 2010. I euroområdet saktade nedgången av redan mot slutet av våren, då stimulansåtgärderna fick effekt och man såg de första tecknen på en återhämtning av världshandeln. Euro-BNP minskar med 3,8 % 2009 och ökar med 1,2 % 2010. Bottnen passeras under hösten. Europeiska centralbanken ECB håller styrräntan på dess nuvarande nivå till slutet av våren och vänder den uppåt senast under sommaren 2010. Vändningen i penningpolitiken 2010 förutsätter att uppgången i ekonomin visar sig vara uthållig. Den centrala risken med denna prognos gäller oljepriset och konsumenternas reaktion på att sysselsättningen kommer fortsättningsvis att minska under flera månader. Om nya recessionsfarhågor börjar pyra våren 2010 enligt det s.k. double-dip-scenariot fördröjs också normaliseringen av penningpolitiken. Vi ger ett hotscenario där tillväxten sjunker nära noll under första hälften av 2010 sannolikheten 25 % och en avmattning som leder till en ny recession en sannolikhet på 15 %. Även om den akuta krisen passeras 2010 kommer aktiviteten att hållas dämpad långt framöver. Normaliseringen av finans- och penningpolitiken och ländernas ökade skuldbörda begränsar de utvecklade ländernas ekonomiska tillväxt under flera år. Den finländska ekonomin Den finländska ekonomiska tillväxten stannade av i början av 2008. Recessionen har alltså pågått i 1 ½ år. Export- och industriproduktionen har kollapsat och arbetslösheten ökar. BNP minskar med 6,0 % 2009. Vändningen mot det bättre sker under hösten och BNP stiger till 1,3 % 2010. Inflationen blir 0,3 % 2009 och stiger till 1,5 % 2010. Lönepåslagen som 2003–08 var större än i konkurrentländerna har försämrat priskonkurrenskraften, och det anstränger den ekonomiska tillväxten också efter prognosperioden. Arbetslöshetsgraden stiger från 6,4 % i fjol till 8,8 % 2009 och till 10,2 % 2010. Denna Aktias prognos baserar sig på uppgifter tillgängliga 15.9.2009. Förändringar i prognosklimatet I april bekräftade vi den bedömning vi gjort redan i januari att ett uppsving i ekonomin kommer under hösten. Många tvivlade på denna hypotes tills prognosklimatet under sommaren snabbt förändrades mot det positiva. Under sommaren förstärktes förväntningarna på att recessionen i världsekonomin snart kommer att ta slut, då man insåg att ekonomin redan vänt uppåt förutom i Kina och Indien även i Japan, Tyskland och Frankrike. Tecknen på att en vändning närmar sig är tydliga både i USA och i många små euroländer. G-20-möten har visat att ledarna för de centrala länderna är eniga om att a) stimulans behövs fortfarande, b) regleringen av finanssystemet behöver utvecklas och c) alla skulle lida av protektionism. Dessa linjedragningar ökar förtroendet för den ekonomiska politikens förmåga att på ett hedersamt sätt slutföra eftervården av den världsekonomiska recessionen. Recessionen i USA började i december 2007. Tron på att recessionen snart har nått sitt slut har stärkts under de senaste veckorna. Samtidigt medges att den på grund av stimulansåtgärderna ökade statsskulden är en stor belastning för den framtida tillväxten. De varierande stödpaketen i olika länder leder till att länderna skuldsätts i otakt, vilket gör det ovanligt svårt att förutse hurdana tryck valutakurserna utsätts för. Förutom i Kina och Indien har den snabba återhämtningen överraskat också i det övriga Asien. Diskussionen om tidpunkten för FEDs och ECB:s första räntehöjning går het. Bollandet med inflationsbekymmer och deflationsfarhågor fortgår vid samma bord. Sannolikheten för deflation anser vi vara liten medan det är svårare att uppskatta sannolikheten för inflation. Den påverkas av beslut som blir aktuella först på våren 2010. Om penningpolitiken stramas åt enligt centralbankernas "exit-strategier" är det osannolikt att inflationen släpps lös. Om hyperstimulansen i den ekonomiska politiken inte avvecklas i tid 2010–11 blir risken för inflation verklig. Råoljepriset har stigit snabbt under 2009 (figur 1). Återhämtningen i världsekonomin stöder prisutvecklingen hos råvaror i fortsättningen. I Finland började recessionen våren 2008. Som ett exportdrivet land har vi lidit mera av kraschen i världshandeln än många andra länder. Denna effekt har för sin del förstärkts av den omfattande exporten till Ryssland som minskat snabbare än annan export. Till skillnad från många andra
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Daily Bonds, Stocks, & Currency
    DAILY BONDS, STOCKS, & CURRENCY COMMENTARY Wednesday December 23, 2020 BONDS COMMENTARY 12/23/20 We expect rallies off scheduled data but doubt the gains will hold OVERNIGHT CHANGES THROUGH 3:16 AM (CT): BONDS -0 Overnight treasury prices extended yesterday's bounce but ultimately failed to hold the gains and have settled back into negative territory early today. We suspect the volatility in treasuries was the result of news that the President might reject the intensely negotiated stimulus deal because direct payments were not sufficient. While not a recent definitive impact on treasury prices, it would also appear as if yet another major junction looms from the exit negotiations with both sides the table committed to one last attempt to solve the divorce before it is forced upon the parties. While the markets are likely to view the US durable goods order as the primary release of the day, (early due to holiday) initial and ongoing claims data figures will add to the potential volatility in the 7:30 release window. On the other hand, traders should acknowledge yesterday's significant jump in quarterly PCE readings were the highest since the second quarter of 2011 and that could be an early warning sign that deflation is being replaced with reflation. Therefore, the monthly PCE index this morning might be very important measure to watch, especially with predictions for that reading only expected to post a fractional gain! Given the markets inability to rally off weak scheduled data recently, we would suggest traders wait for a rally to the vicinity of 174-00 to sell March bonds and or a rally to 138-07 to get short March Notes.
    [Show full text]
  • Prints and Their Production; a List of Works in the New York Public Library
    N E UC-NRLF PRINTS AND THEIR PRODUCTION A LIST OF WORKS IN THE NEW YORK PUPUBLIC LIBRARY COMPILED BY FRANK WEITENKAMPF, L.H.D. CHIEF, ART AND PRINTS DIVISION NEW YORK PUBLIC LIB-RARY 19 l6 ^4^ NOTE to This list contains the titles of works relating owned the prints and their production, by Reference on Department of The New York Public Library in the Central Build- November 1, 1915. They are Street. ing, at Fifth Avenue and Forty-second Reprinted September 1916 FROM THE Bulletin of The New York Public Library November - December 1915 form p-02 [ix-20-lfl 25o] CONTENTS I. Prints as Art Products PAGE - - Bibliography 1 Individual Artists - - 2>7 - 2 General and Miscellaneous Works Special Processes - - _ . 79 Periodicals and Societies - - - 3 Etching - - - - - - 79 Processes: Line Engraving and Proc- Handbooks (Technical) - - 79 esses IN General - - - 4 History - 81 Regional - ----- 82 Handbooks for the Student and Col- (Subdivided lector ------ 6 by countries.) Stipple 84 Sales and Prices: General Works - 7 Mezzotint - 84 Extra-Illustration - - - - 8 Aquatint 86 Care of Prints ----- 8 Dotted Prints (Maniere Criblee; History (General) . - _ _ 9 Schrotblatter) - - - - 86 Nielli -_--__ H Wood Engraving - - - - 86 Paste Prints ("Teigdrucke") - - 12 Handbooks (Technical) - - 87 Reproductions of Prints - - - 12 History ------ 87 History (Regional) - - - - 13 Block-books ----- 89 (Subdivided by countries; includes History: Regional- - - - 90 Japanese prints.) (Subdivided by countries.) Dictionaries of Artists - - - 26 Lithography ----- 91 Exhibitions (General and Miscel- Handbooks (Technical) - - 91 laneous) 29 History ------ 94 Collections (Public) - - - - 31 Regional - 95 (Subdivided by countries.) (Subdivided by countries.) Collections (Private) - - - - 34 Color Prints ----- 96 II.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2015 2015 Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company, Year Ended March 31, 2015
    Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company Meiji Yasuda Annual Report Annual Report 2015 2015 Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company, Year ended March 31, 2015 1-1, Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan Phone:+81-3-3283-8293 Fax:+81-3-3215-8123 Printed in Japan International Directory (As of March 31, 2015) TUiR Warta S.A. Pacific Guardian Life Insurance Company, Limited Seoul Representative Office Southern California Office Beijing Representative Office TU Europa S.A. Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company Meiji Yasuda America Incorporated Meiji Yasuda Realty USA Incorporated Frankfurt Representative Office Founder Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Co., Ltd. Meiji Yasuda Europe Limited Meiji Yasuda Asia Limited Thai Life Insurance Public Company Limited Pacific Guardian Life Insurance Company, Limited PT Avrist Assurance Headquarters Representative Offices Subsidiaries Affiliates Headquarters Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company 1-1, Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan Phone:+81-3-3283-8293 Fax:+81-3-3215-8123 Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company Representative Frankfurt Representative Office Beijing Representative Office Goethestrasse 7, 60313 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Room 6003, 6th Floor, Changfugong Office Building, Offices Phone:+49-69-748000 Fax:+49-69-748021 26 Jianguomen Wai Avenue, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, China Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company Phone:+86-10-6513-9815 Fax:+86-10-6513-9818 Seoul Representative Office The Seoul Shinmun Daily (Korea Press Center) Bldg., 9th Floor, 124 Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-745, Korea Contents Phone:+82-2-723-9111 Fax:+82-2-723-6489 Subsidiaries Pacific Guardian Life Insurance Company, Limited Pacific Guardian Life Insurance Company, Limited Corporate Profile 2 Risk Management Structure 28 1440 Kapiolani Boulevard, Suite 1700, Honolulu, Hawaii Southern California Office 96814, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Japan Supports Whaling
    An edited version of this paper has been accepted for publication in the Journal of International Wildlife and Policy WHY JAPAN SUPPORTS WHALING Keiko Hirata* 1. INTRODUCTION Japan is one of the few states in the world that adamantly supports whaling. For decades, Tokyo has steadfastly maintained its right to whale and has aggressively lobbied the International Whaling Commission (IWC) for a resumption of commercial whaling. Japan’s pro-whaling stance has invited strong international criticism from both environmental groups and Western governments, many of which view Tokyo as obstructing international efforts to protect whales. Why has Japan adhered to a pro-whaling policy that has brought the country international condemnation? Its defiant pro-whaling stance is not consistent with its internationally cooperative position on other environmental matters. For the past decade, Tokyo has been a key player in international environmental regimes, such as those to combat ozone depletion and global warming.1 If Japan is serious about environmental protection and desires to play a role as a ‘green contributor,’2 why hasn’t it embraced the anti-whaling norm, 3 thereby joining other states in wildlife protection and assuming a larger role in global environmental leadership? *Research Fellow, Center for the Study of Democracy, University of California, Irvine, California, USA. E-mail: [email protected]. 1 Isao Miyaoka, 1980s and Early 1990s: Changing from an Eco-outlaw to a Green Contributor, 16 NEWSL. INST. SOC. SCI. U. TOKYO, 7-10 (1999). 2 Id. at 7. 3 Robert L. Friedheim, Introduction: The IWC as a Contested Regime, in TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE WHALING REGIME, 1-45 (Robert L.
    [Show full text]
  • Expert Voices on Japan Security, Economic, Social, and Foreign Policy Recommendations
    Expert Voices on Japan Security, Economic, Social, and Foreign Policy Recommendations U.S.-Japan Network for the Future Cohort IV Expert Voices on Japan Security, Economic, Social, and Foreign Policy Recommendations U.S.-Japan Network for the Future Cohort IV Arthur Alexander, Editor www.mansfieldfdn.org The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation, Washington, D.C. ©2018 by The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation All rights reserved. Published in the United States of America Library of Congress Control Number: 2018942756 The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation or its funders. Contributors Amy Catalinac, Assistant Professor, New York University Yulia Frumer, Assistant Professor, Johns Hopkins University Robert Hoppens, Associate Professor, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Nori Katagiri, Assistant Professor, Saint Louis University Adam P. Liff, Assistant Professor, Indiana University Ko Maeda, Associate Professor, University of North Texas Reo Matsuzaki, Assistant Professor, Trinity College Matthew Poggi Michael Orlando Sharpe, Associate Professor, City University of New York Jolyon Thomas, Assistant Professor, University of Pennsylvania Kristin Vekasi, Assistant Professor, University of Maine Joshua W. Walker, Managing Director for Japan and Head of Global Strategic Initiatives, Office of the President, Eurasia Group U.S.-Japan Network for the Future Advisory Committee Dr. Susan J. Pharr, Edwin O. Reischauer Professor
    [Show full text]
  • Reform in Late Occupation Japan the 1950 Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties
    Reform in Late Occupation Japan The 1950 Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties Ioan Trifu∗ I. Introduction II. The Situation of Japanese Cultural Heritage in the Aftermath of World War II 1. The Prewar Legislation Regarding the Protection of Japanese Cultural Heritage 2. World War II and Japan’s Cultural Heritage 3. The Occupation Period: Political, Economic and Social Threats to Japanese Cultural Heritage III. Reconsidering the Protection of Cultural Heritage in Japan 1. Collaboration and Emergencies: The Joint Efforts of the Early Occupation Period 2. Tensions and Oppositions: Defending the Occupation’s Objectives IV. A Few Concessions and Numerous Ambitions: The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties in 1950 1. Compromising in a Shifting Context: The 1949–1950 Legislative Process 2. The 1950 Law: A New Cultural Heritage System for a New Japanese Nation? V. Conclusion I. INTRODUCTION For almost seven years (1945–1952) after the end of World War II, Japan was nominally under control of the Allied Occupation Forces, while it was the U.S. which led the Occupation de facto. Beginning with the first U.S. troops landing in Japan in late August 1945 and more officially with the Japanese capitulation of 2 September 1945, the Occupation of the country lasted until the signature of the San Francisco Peace Treaty on 28 April 1952. In October 1945, the General Headquarters/Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (GHQ/SCAP, hereinafter SCAP),1 a new civil organiza- ∗ Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main. The author gratefully acknowledges the generous funding support for this publi- cation provided by the Volkswagen Foundation, issued within its initiative “Key Is- sues for Research and Society” for the research project “Protecting the Weak: En- tangled processes of framing, mobilization and institutionalization in East Asia” (AZ 87 382) at the Interdisciplinary Centre for East Asian Studies (IZO), Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main.
    [Show full text]
  • World's Giants Make a Landfall in Japan – the Changing Japanese
    COVER STORY • 8 World’s Giants Make a Landfall in Japan – The Changing Japanese M&A Market – By Takahashi Naoto APAN’S stock market enjoyed a and food maker RJR Nabisco Inc. for Critical of Vulture Funds, Placing J boom in the fall of 2005 for the first $25 billion. Founded in 1976, KKR Stress on Reconciliation time in many years. Keeping pace with racked up profits in the United States rising stock prices, Japan’s corporate and moved into Europe in the latter half Both KKR and AlixPartners are not merger and acquisition (M&A) market of the 1990s. Its next target was Japan eager about bad-debt disposal business- was on a course of expansion. A sym- where the investment climate saw an es. They also prefer reconciliation with bolic episode is the landfall of a major improvement thanks to the relaxation of existing managers and employees to hos- foreign investment fund and a corporate government controls and the active tile takeovers. rehabilitation consultant in Japan. stock market. Bad-debt disposal deals in Japan got Behind the advent of these “giants in the Justin Reizes, chief operations man- into full swing after a series of collapses world” was a change in the Japanese ager in Asia, explained KKR’s advance to of major financial houses like Yamaichi M&A market, which traditionally had Japan, saying the country’s M&A mar- Securities and the Long-Term Credit focused on the reconstruction of bad- ket is still smaller than its US and Bank of Japan (LTCB) in the latter half of debt corporations.
    [Show full text]
  • The International Comparative Legal Guide to Securitisation 2013
    The International Comparative Legal Guide to: Securitisation 2013 General Chapters: 1 Documenting Securitisations in Leveraged Finance Transactions – Dan Maze & James Burnett, Latham & Watkins LLP 1 2 CLOs: An Expanding Platform – Craig Stein & Paul N. Watterson, Jr., Schulte Roth & Zabel LLP 7 3 US Taxation of Non-US Investors in Securitisation Transactions – David Z. Nirenberg, Ashurst LLP 12 Contributing Editor 4 Debt Trading: A Practical Guide for Buyers and Sellers – Paul Severs & Lucy Oddy, Berwin Leighton Paisner LLP 24 5 Cliffhanger: The CMBS Refinancing Challenge – Stuart Axford & Colin Tan, Kaye Scholer LLP 30 Mark Nicolaides, Latham & Watkins LLP Country Question and Answer Chapters: Account Managers 6 Argentina Estudio Beccar Varela: Damián F. Beccar Varela & Roberto A. Fortunati 34 Beth Bassett, Dror Levy, Maria Lopez, Florjan 7 Australia King & Wood Mallesons: Anne-Marie Neagle & Ian Edmonds-Wilson 44 Osmani, Oliver Smith, Rory Smith 8 Austria Fellner Wratzfeld & Partners: Markus Fellner 54 Sales Support Manager 9 Brazil Levy & Salomão Advogados: Ana Cecília Giorgi Manente & Fernando Toni Wyatt de Azevedo Peraçoli 63 Sub Editor Beatriz Arroyo 10 Canada Torys LLP: Michael Feldman & Jim Hong 73 Fiona Canning 11 Chile Bofill Mir & Álvarez Jana Abogados: Octavio Bofill Genzsch & Editor Daniela Buscaglia Llanos 83 Suzie Kidd 12 China King & Wood Mallesons: Roy Zhang & Ma Feng 92 Senior Editor Penny Smale 13 Czech Republic TGC Corporate Lawyers: Jana Střížová & Andrea Majerčíková 104 Group Consulting Editor 14 Denmark Accura Advokatpartnerselskab: Kim Toftgaard & Christian Sahlertz 113 Alan Falach Group Publisher 15 England & Wales Weil, Gotshal & Manges: Rupert Wall & Jacky Kelly 123 Richard Firth 16 France Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP: Hervé Touraine & Laureen Gauriot 135 Published by Global Legal Group Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Responses to U.S.-China Competition in the Indo-Pacific: Japan
    Regional Responses to U.S.-China Competition in the Indo-Pacific: Japan Indo-Pacific: the in Competition U.S.-China Regional Responses to Regional Responses to U.S.-China Competition in the Indo-Pacific Japan Scott W. Harold Harold C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR4412z4 For more information on this series, visit www.rand.org/US-PRC-influence Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0519-7 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: globe: jcrosemann/GettyImages; flags: luzitanija/Adobe Stock Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cultural Aspect of Video Game Regulation Practices
    The Cultural Aspect of Video Game Regulation Practices «A comparative study of the differences in video game rating practices between Europe and Japan» Marita Eriksen Haugland Master’s thesis in Nordic Media Department of Media and Communication THE UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Fall 2018 The Cultural Aspect of Video Game Regulation Practices «A comparative study of the differences in video game rating practices between Europe and Japan» Marita Eriksen Haugland Master’s thesis in Nordic Media II Department of Media and Communication THE UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Fall 2018 III © Marita Eriksen Haugland 2018 The Cultural Aspect of Video Game Regulation Practices: A comparative study of the differences in video game rating practices between Europe and Japan Marita Eriksen Haugland http://www.duo.uio.no/ Print: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo IV Abstract Video games have become a large part of media consumption, both for adults and children. This study contributes to the field of children and media by looking into the perceptions and construction of risk by self-regulatory organizations, as well as into self-regulatory effectiveness. The thesis also discusses the struggle and the compromises between child safety, cultural differences and freedom of expression. It takes up the question of how the cultural differences affect the age ratings and content descriptors. All video games rated in Europe and Japan between 2010-2016 are analyzed to show the differences between the regions. Also, content analyses are performed on 24 video games with emblematic differences in age ratings or content descriptors. The findings suggest that cultural differences in how the two systems view crime, non-realistic violence, realistic blood, non-sexual nudity, romantic behavior, and sexualized behavior is responsible for some of the differences in age ratings and content descriptors.
    [Show full text]
  • Here Will Be Two Film Showings
    Government 1273 Political Economy of Japan (Fall Term 2009) * Tue/Thu 10 – 11am CGIS South Building Room 050 * Professor Kay Shimizu * Office: TBA in class Email: [email protected] Office Hours: Tue 11am - noon Sony, Toshiba, Nintendo, Toyota, … Japanese products dominate in many areas of the global economy. When the US defeated Japan in WWII, no one predicted that Japan, a tiny island country off the Korean Peninsula, would become such an economic success story. Japan’s so-called economic miracle was also characterized by unprecedented political stability. The Liberal Democratic Party ruled postwar Japan almost uninterruptedly. This course, while focusing on Japan’s experience, also discusses broader issues such as different models of capitalist democracy, effects of electoral systems, etc. No prior knowledge of Japan is required; you only need to be sufficiently imaginative and curious about other countries. You will be amazed by how much you will learn about the US through studying Japan. There will be two film showings. One is a documentary on the US Occupation of Japan after World War II (Occupied Japan). The other is a documentary on Japanese politics (Campaign). Requirements: Regular class/section participation is expected. In addition, there will be a mid-term exam (in class), one quiz (in class), and a final paper. The final paper is a position paper not to exceed 10 pages in length (regular margins, double-spaced, 12pt in font). Detailed instructions for how to write a position paper and a list of possible topics will be provided in class. A short (one page) outline of the final paper is due on Nov 19 (Thurs).
    [Show full text]
  • “Born Into the Purple,” American Perceptions of the Japanese at the Lewis and Clark Exposition and the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition
    Francis Gieringer Advisor: Dr. Katherine Benton-Cohen History Thesis “Born into the Purple,” American Perceptions of the Japanese at the Lewis and Clark Exposition and the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition 2 Contents Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................................3 Timeline .....................................................................................................................................4 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................5 Introduction: Fairs of Empire......................................................................................................7 Chapter 1: In the wake of Tsushima..........................................................................................17 Chapter 2: Portland and Seattle: Gatekeepers of the Pacific.......................................................30 Competition between Portland and Seattle.............................................................................30 Attracting Investment............................................................................................................33 Chapter 3: Fair Japan ................................................................................................................44 Osaka ....................................................................................................................................46 Japanese Motivations
    [Show full text]