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Diplomarbeit Endversion DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit "Der Weltweite Flüssigerdgasmarkt" Verfasser Christian Dyczek angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften (Mag.rec.soc.oec.) Wien, im Oktober 2007 Studienkennzahl laut Studienblatt: A 157 Studienrichtung laut Studienblatt: Internationale Betriebswirtschaft Betreuer: o.Univ.-Prof. Dr. Franz WIRL Eidesstattliche Erklärung Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit an Eides Statt, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig und ohne Benut- zung anderer als der angegebenen Hilfsmittel angefertigt habe. Die aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommenen Gedanken sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Die Arbeit wurde bisher in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch noch nicht veröffentlicht. Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS ........................................................................................................................ IV TABELLENVERZEICHNIS...............................................................................................................................V FORMELVERZEICHNIS ...................................................................................................................................V EINLEITUNG....................................................................................................................................................... 7 1 DIE PRIMÄRENERGIE IN DER ENERGIEVERSORGUNG.............................................................. 9 1.1 ENERGIEVERSORGUNG WELTWEIT ........................................................................................................ 9 1.2 ENERGIEVERSORGUNG IN NORDAMERIKA .......................................................................................... 10 1.3 ENERGIEVERSORGUNG IN EUROPA ..................................................................................................... 11 1.4 ENERGIEVERSORGUNG IN JAPAN ........................................................................................................ 12 2 LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS................................................................................................................. 15 2.1 EINLEITUNG ........................................................................................................................................ 15 2.2 BEGRIFFSBESTIMMUNGEN .................................................................................................................. 15 2.2.1 Liquefied Natural Gas LNG .......................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 Compressed Natural Gas CNG ..................................................................................................... 16 2.3 LNG VS . CNG .................................................................................................................................... 16 2.3.1 Liquefied Petroleum Gas LPG ...................................................................................................... 18 2.4 MARKTSTRUKTUR .............................................................................................................................. 18 2.4.1 Marktentwicklung.......................................................................................................................... 18 2.4.2 Gas Bubble.................................................................................................................................... 20 2.4.3 Marktstatus.................................................................................................................................... 21 2.4.4 Exporteure..................................................................................................................................... 22 2.4.5 Importeure..................................................................................................................................... 24 2.5 KOSTEN .............................................................................................................................................. 25 2.6 LNG ANLAGEN .................................................................................................................................. 26 2.6.1 Grundlastanlagen.......................................................................................................................... 26 2.6.2 Spitzenlastanlagen......................................................................................................................... 26 2.6.3 Transportterminal mit Verdampfungsanlage ................................................................................ 26 3 WERTSCHÖPFUNGSKETTE................................................................................................................ 29 3.1 EXPLORATION UND GEWINNUNG ........................................................................................................ 29 3.2 VERFLÜSSIGUNG ................................................................................................................................. 30 3.2.1 Klassischer Kaskadenkreislauf...................................................................................................... 30 3.2.2 Kaskadenkreislauf mit Mischkühlmittel ........................................................................................ 30 3.2.3 Dekompressionskreislauf mit Turboexpander............................................................................... 30 3.3 TRANSPORT ........................................................................................................................................ 31 3.3.1 Tankerentwicklung ........................................................................................................................ 32 3.3.2 Tankerbestimmungen .................................................................................................................... 33 3.3.3 Kugeltanksystem............................................................................................................................ 34 3.3.4 IHI SPB Tanksystem...................................................................................................................... 35 3.3.5 GTT Membran Tanksysteme.......................................................................................................... 36 3.3.6 Antriebskonzepte ........................................................................................................................... 37 3.3.7 Zusammenfassung ......................................................................................................................... 39 3.4 VERDAMPFUNG ................................................................................................................................... 40 3.5 VERTEILUNG ....................................................................................................................................... 40 4 SICHERHEITSASPEKTE....................................................................................................................... 41 4.1 SICHERHEITSSTRUKTUR ...................................................................................................................... 41 4.2 SICHERHEITSRELEVANTE CHARAKTERISTIKA VON LNG .................................................................... 42 4.2.1 Entflammbarkeit............................................................................................................................ 42 4.2.2 Autoentzündlichkeit....................................................................................................................... 43 4.3 LNG UNFALLSURSACHEN .................................................................................................................. 44 4.3.1 Explosion....................................................................................................................................... 44 4.3.2 Dampfwolken................................................................................................................................. 44 4.3.3 Kälteschäden................................................................................................................................. 45 4.3.4 Rollover......................................................................................................................................... 45 I Inhaltsverzeichnis 4.3.5 Rapid Phase Transition................................................................................................................. 45 4.4 UMSETZUNG DER SICHERHEITSSTANDARDS ....................................................................................... 46 4.4.1 Primäre Dämmung........................................................................................................................ 46 4.4.2 Sekundäre Dämmung .................................................................................................................... 46 4.4.3 Sicherheitssysteme......................................................................................................................... 47 4.4.4 Abstand.......................................................................................................................................... 47 4.5 SICHERHEITSBESTIMMUNGEN ............................................................................................................. 48 4.6 ABSCHLIEßENDE BEMERKUNGEN
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