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Recombinant DNA Controversies a passion for DNA Genes, Genomes, and Society With three new essays by the author added for this paperback edition James D. Watson SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use. A PASSION FOR DNA Genes, Genomes, and Society SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use. This Page Intentionally Left Blank SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use. A PASSION FOR DNA Genes, Genomes, and Society With three new essays by the author James D. Watson Introduction, Afterword, and Annotations by Walter Gratzer Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use. Cold Spring Harbor, New York A Passion for DNA Genes, Genomes, and Society All rights reserved Copyright 2001 by James D. Watson Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Printed in the United States of America Developmental Editor John Inglis Project Coordinator Elizabeth Powers Production Editor Pat Barker Desktop Editor Susan Schaefer Cover Designer Andrew Meaden Interior Designer Denise Weiss Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Watson, James D., 1928– A passion for DNA : genes, genomes, and society / James D. Watson ; with an introduction, afterword, and annotations by Walter Gratzer. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-87969-609-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Genetics--Social aspects. 2. Medical genetics. 3. Science and civilization. I. Title QH438.7 .W38 2001 572.8--dc21 2001028438 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of spe- cific clients, is granted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, provided that the appropriate fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC). Write or call CCC at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 (508-750-8400) for information about fees and regulations. Prior to photocopy- ing items for educational classroom use, contact CCC at the above address. Additional information on CCC can be obtained at CCC Online at http://www.copyright.com/ All Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press publications may be ordered directly from Cold Spring Har- bor Laboratory Press, 500 Sunnyside Boulevard, Woodbury, New York 11797-2924. Phone: 1-800-843- 4388 in Continental U.S. and Canada. All other locations: (516) 422-4100. FAX: (516) 422-4077. SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran,E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: 66403879,66493070 For a complete catalog of all Cold For Spring Educational Harbor Laboratory Use. Press publi- cations, visit our World Wide Web Site http://www.cshlpress.com/ To my sons Rufus and Duncan SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use. This Page Intentionally Left Blank SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use. Contents Preface ix Sources of the Essays xi Acknowledgments xv Introduction xvii Autobiographical Flights Values from a Chicago Upbringing 3 Growing Up in the Phage Group 7 Minds That Live for Science 17 Early Speculations and Facts about RNA Templates 23 Bragg’s Foreword to The Double Helix 33 Biographies: Luria, Hershey, and Pauling 37 Recombinant DNA Controversies In Further Defense of DNA 49 Standing Up for Recombinant DNA 61 The Nobelist versus the Film Star 71 The DNA Biohazard Canard 75 Ethos of Science Moving Toward the Clonal Man: Is This What We Want? 83 The Dissemination of Unpublished Information 91 SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use. vii viii o CONTENTS Science and the American Scene 105 The Necessity for Some Academic Aloofness 109 Striving for Excellence 117 Succeeding in Science: Some Rules of Thumb 123 *Rules for Graduates 127 War on Cancer The Academic Community and Cancer Research 133 Maintaining High-Quality Cancer Research in a Zero-Sum Era 143 The Science for Beating Down Cancer 151 Societal Implications of the Human Genome Project Moving on to Human DNA 167 Ethical Implications of the Human Genome Project 173 Genes and Politics 183 Five Days in Berlin 213 Good Gene, Bad Gene: What Is the Right Way to Fight the Tragedy of Genetic Disease? 227 Viewpoint: All for the Good—Why Genetic Engineering Must Soldier On 231 *The Pursuit of Happiness 235 *The Human Genome Revealed 239 Afterword: Envoi—DNA, Peace, and Laughter 245 Name Index 253 Subject Index 259 *New essays by the author, added exclusively for this U.S. paperback edition. SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use. Preface or some 30 years, first as director of the Cold Spring Harbor Labora- tory and later as its president, I have written introductory essays for Fits Annual Report to convey the intellectual excitement then gripping our Lab, if not the world of biology. In particular, I have focused on scien- tific advances that could benefit the general public, as well as the world of biology. The “War on Cancer,” the arrival of Recombinant DNA proce- dures, and the Human Genome Project all were likely to change positively the face of human society. Yet, in each case, they generated much contro- versy that spread from the scientific community into the columns of prominent newspapers and magazines. Many of these essays remain highly relevant today—witness the violent reactions to genetically modified foods now apparent within the European community. So I am most pleased that the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press is reprinting them, together with companion articles prepared for newspaper, magazine, or book audiences. To begin this essay collection, I have included several autobiographical fragments about my earlier years that set the stage for the challenges facing me as I moved from a doer of science to my later life roles as a manager of science here at Cold Spring Harbor and occasional governmental advisor or bureaucrat. How I made decisions early in my life strongly influenced how I have tried to move the future of biology toward human betterment. This book would not be appearing without the encouragement of Dr. John Inglis, Director of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, who helped in choosing writings from my past which have messages for today. Equally important, Walter Gratzer, whom I first knew when we were both young scientists at Harvard, has much enriched this volume through his introductory and concluding essays. James D. Watson SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational24 Use.November 1999 ix This Page Intentionally Left Blank SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use. Sources of the Essays Autobiographical Flights 1993. Page 3: Values from a Chicago Upbringing. Adapted from an after-dinner talk given October 14, 1993, at a meeting on The Double Helix: 40 Years Prospective & Perspective sponsored by the University of Illinois at Chicago, the New York Academy of Sciences, and Green College, Oxford, England. 1966. Page 7: Growing Up in the Phage Group. 1966. In Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology (ed. J. Cairns et al.), p. 239. Cold Spring Harbor Labora- tory of Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. 1987. Page 17: Minds that Live for Science. New Scientist (May 21, 1987, pp. 63–66). 1993. Page 23: Early Speculations and Facts about RNA Templates. Prologue to the 1st Edition of The RNA World (ed. R.F. Gesteland et al.). 1992. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. 1990. Page 33: Bragg’s Foreword to The Double Helix. 1990. In The Legacy of Sir Lawrence Bragg (ed. J.M. Thomas and Sir D. Phillips), pp. 111–113. The Royal Institution of Great Britian. 1998. Page 37: Alfred D. Hershey: Hershey Heaven. New York Times Magazine (January 4, 1998). 1991. Page 37: Salvador E. Luria (1912–1991). Nature (March 14, 1991, Vol. 350, p. 113). 1998. Page 37: Linus Pauling—In Appreciation. Talk at Time Magazine’s 75th Anniversary, Radio City Music Hall, New York, March 3, 1998. Recombinant DNA Controversies 1978. Page 49: In Further Defense of DNA. Differentiation and Development. 1978. The Ninth Feodor Lynen Lecture (Miami Winter Symposia, Vol. 15, pp. 1–12). 1979. Page 61: Standing Up for Recombinant DNA. Director’s Report in 1978 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Annual Report. 1978. Page 71: The Nobelist versus the Film Star. The Washington Post (Sunday, May 14, 1978). SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran,1979. Page Phone: 75: The 66403879,66493070 DNA Biohazard Canard. ForTime Educational Magazine (January Use. 31, 1979). xi xii o A PASSION FOR DNA Ethos of Science 1971. Page 83. Moving Toward the Clonal Man: Is This What We Want? Lecture first given to the United States House of Representatives, later published in this form in the Atlantic Monthly (May 1971, Vol. 227, p. 50). 1973. Page 91: The Dissemination of Unpublished Information. 1973. Lecture given at the Museum of History and Technology. Washington, D.C., on Jan- uary 29th. Published in Frontiers of Knowledge: The Frank Nelson Doubleday Lectures. 1975. Doubleday, New York. 1975. Page 105: Science and the American Scene. Speech delivered on October 17,1975, at the Madeira School, Greenway, Virginia, upon the dedication of its new solar-heated science building. 1979. Page 109: The Necessity for Some Academic Aloofness. Lecture delivered on October 19, 1979, at the Joint International Symposium of the Club of Rome and the Center for the Reconstruction of Human Society at Seoul, Korea. 1981. Page 117: Striving for Excellence. 1981. Lecture given at the LTV Washing- ton Seminar, Washington, D.C. Published in Excellence: The Pursuit, the Commitment, the Achievement, p. 32. 1981. Corporate Affairs Department of the LTV Corporation, Dallas, Texas. 1993. Page 123: Succeeding in Science: Some Rules of Thumb. Adapted from a talk given on March 2, 1993, at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory during a sym- posium honoring the 40th anniversary of the Watson/Crick discovery of the DNA double helix.
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