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Missouri Historical Revi Ew MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVI EW, CONTENTS The Saxon Immigration to Missouri, 1838-1839 P. E. Kretzmann Portraits of Daniel Boone J Roy T. King The War of 1812 on the Missouri Frontier, Part II Kate L. Gregg Letters of George Caleb Bingham to James S. Rollins, Part VI Edited by C. B. Rollins Missouriana Historical Notes and Comments Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks J"J f* 1 * f* 7 STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY </* MISSOURI VOL. XXXIII JANUARY, 1939 No. 2 OFFICERS OF THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI, 1938-1941 ALLEN McREYNOLDS, Carthage, President. WALTER B. STEVENS, St. Louis, First Vice-President. GEORGE A. ROZIER, Perryville, Second Vice-President. MARION C. EARLY, St. Louis, Third Vice-President. B. M. LITTLE, Lexington, Fourth Vice-President. JOHN T. BARKER, Kansas City, Fifth Vice-President. ROY H. MONIER, Carrollton, Sixth Vice-President. R. B. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer. FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Secretary and Librarian. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1939 WILSON BELL, Potosi. JUSTUS R. MOLL, Springfield. CHARLES B. DAVIS, St. Louis. ELMER N. POWELL, FORREST C. DONNELL, Kansas City. St. Louis. WM. SOUTHERN, Jr., ELMER O. JONES, LaPlata. Independence. HENRY KRUG, Jr., St. Joseph. CHARLES L. WOODS, Rolla. Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1940 JESSE W. BARRETT, St. Louis. W. J. SEWALL, Carthage. ALBERT M. CLARK, Richmond. H. S. STURGIS, Neosho. HENRY J. HASKELL, Kansas City. JONAS VILES, Columbia. McMILLAN LEWIS, St. Louis. L. M. WHITE, Mexico. WM. R. PAINTER, Carrollton. Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1941 BEN L. EMMONS, St. Charles. ISIDOR LOEB, St. Louis. STEPHEN B. HUNTER, E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville. Cape Girardeau. CHAS. H. WHITAKER, WALDO P. JOHNSON, Osceola. Clinton. LANGDON R. JONES, Kennett. ROY D. WILLIAMS, Boonville. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE t The twenty-six trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and President of the University of Missouri, constitute the Executive Committee. THE MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW VOL. XXXIII JANUARY 1939 NO. 2 CONTENTS Page The Saxon Immigration to Missouri, 1838-1839 157 P. E. KEETZMANN Portraits of Daniel Boone 171 ROY T. KING The War of 1812 on the Missouri Frontier, Part II 184 KATE L. GREGG Letters of George Caleb Bingham to James S. Rollins, Part VI. 203 Edited by C. B. ROLLINS Missouriana 230 Historical Notes and Comments 256 Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks 296 FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Editor The Missouri Historical Review is published quarterly. It is sent free to all members of the State Historical Society of Missouri. Membership dues in the Society are $1.00 a year. All communications should be addressed to Floyd C. Shoemaker, The State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. ''Entered as second-class matter at the postoffice at Columbia, Missouri, under Act of Congress, October S, 1917, Sec. ^22." CONTRIBUTORS KRETZMANN, P. E., is director of the Pritzlaff Memorial Library of the Concordia Theological Seminary. He was educated at Concordia Seminary, the University of Minnesota (Ph.D.), and the Chicago Lutheran Seminary (D.D.). He is the author of fifty books and pamphlets and is editor of a number of scientific, theological, and religious periodicals. KING, ROY T., received his A. B. degree from the University of Mis­ souri. He has been in charge of the newspaper department of the State Historical Society of Missouri since 1924 and has contributed several articles to the Missouri Historical Review. GREGG, KATE L., is a native of the State of Washington. She re­ ceived her Ph.D. degree from the University of Washington in 1916, and has been professor of English in Lindenwood College at St. Charles, Mis­ souri, since 1924. She is an occasional contributor to the Missouri His­ torical Review and is the editor of William Clark's Journal of 1808, pub­ lished under the title, Westward With Dragoons. ROLLINS, C. B., native Missourian, is a graduate of the University of Missouri. He is interested in all phases of Missouri history and is an occasional contributor to the Missouri Historical Review. His home is in Columbia, Missouri. THE SAXON IMMIGRATION TO MISSOURI, 1838-1839 BY P. E. KRETZMANN On November 7, 1838, the Bremer Zeitung, the lead­ ing newspaper of the German city of Bremen, published the following editorial note, written by the editor, Dr. Donadt: The Rev. Martin Stephan of Dresden has arrived in our city and with him two hundred of his fellow-Lutherans to embark for New Orleans. More than four hundred persons, who arrived from Saxony via Hamburg, have already set sail . The more we learn to know these well-mannered, law-abiding, and, in fact, highly educated people, the more we are strength­ ened in the conviction that the various newspaper reports about Pastor Stephan and his congregation may have originated from very sordid and malicious sources and that they are greatly distorted, if not entirely false. It is to be deplored that Germany, and especially Saxony, is losing in them a part of its peaceable, industrious, and well-to-do inhabitants, against whom no other charge can be adduced than that they adhere strictly to the teachings of Luther. It gives us some satisfaction, however, to visualize a colony growing up along the Missouri [?] River which will be a credit to the German name, and we wish our departing countrymen the best of success in their undertaking. This editorial note may well serve as our point of de­ parture, since it both states an historical fact, that of the emigration of the Saxon Lutherans, and refers to some of the circumstances which played an important part in the early history of the Saxon colony in Missouri. For one thing, Dr. Donadt seems to have understood the reasons for the emigra­ tion correctly, since he evidently realized that the motives actuating the Saxons were not selfish or mercenary. The truth has been well stated in a recent address, which was de­ livered in commemoration of the entire event: We deem it necessary .... in just a couple of paragraphs to call attention to a few considerations so essential to an intelligent understanding of those early days. First, we consider the motives that constrained the Saxons to leave their fatherland. Spiritual conditions in the homeland had become well-nigh intolerable. False teachers and false doctrines were being forced upon them from pulpit and in school­ room. God's pure Word, freedom of worship, a good conscience, their (157) 158 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW soul's salvation and that of their children as well, were at stake. Some­ thing drastic had to be done, and that something very soon, 'ere irreparable damage be done. The only solution that offered itself was to emigrate. And this they did, this bold band of Saxons, men, women, and children, pastors, candidates, teachers, lawyers, doctors, artisans, farmers, day- laborers, but Lutheran Christians all,—not to Australia, as originally planned, but, under God's providence, to these our United States of Amer­ ica ... With the Saxons, we repeat, it was spiritual values and concerns above all. * This is a brief, but correct description of the motives which prompted the Saxons to leave their fatherland. Not that there was not an element of fanaticism connected with the movement, as many members of the group later realized. Even Professor C. F. W. Walther was constrained to confess, in 1871, when referring to the days of the Saxon emigration: Through terrible experiences it had become evident to us all that our exodus from the land of our birth had not been an exodus of Isreal out of Egypt by the command of the Lord. Even that comfort, that our great distress was a distress for Jesus' sake had dissolved. Heaped with dis­ grace before the world and tortured with reproaches in our conscience, we hardly dared in childlike confidence to seek refuge with the great Helper in every need.2 The psychology of the movement can hardly be under­ stood without a fairly comprehensive knowledge of the man who was the leader of the group which assembled at Bremen during October of the year 1838. This was the preacher of the Lutheran Bohemian congregation at St. John's in Dresden, Martin Stephan. He was a man of exceptional talents, capti­ vating personality, and deep psychological insight. Vehse characterizes Stephan as follows: He did not possess a culture along the lines of academic and classical learning. But he was one of the men to whom, by the traditions of the Lutheran Church of Silesia, which had flourished till the end of the previous century, the pure doctrine of this Church had been transmitted; moreover he had gained, in the library of the St. Elizabeth's Church in Breslau, to which he had received admission through Scheibel, even in early youth a rather comprehensive knowledge of the literature and the history of this Petersen, Justin A., in Report of the 21st Regular Convention of the Nor­ wegian Synod of the American Evangelical Lutheran Church, pp. 48, 49. 2In Lutherische Brosamen, a collection of addresses, p. 476. THE SAXON IMMIGRATION TO MISSOURI 159 Church, and this knowledge he had in later years, due to an excellent memory, constantly extended. He was particularly proficient in church history and was able to transmit it in a way that was both clear and in­ teresting. In addition he had, on the basis of his extensive and intimate acquaintance with persons of the highest social position as well as with those of the lowest classes, gained possession of a mass of the most interest­ ing material concerning people and things, and thereby also a rare and reliable understanding of men.3 With this man the Walthers (Otto Herman and Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm), E.
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