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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19744-1 - The Jew, the Cathedral, and the Medieval City: Synagoga and Ecclesia in the Thirteenth Century Nina Rowe Index More information

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Aachen, 152, 162 Ekbert von Andechs-Meran, bishop, 150, 151, Alan of Lille, 216, 225 152–3, 161, 162–3, 164, 165, 175, 185, Albigensian Crusade, 123 187–9, 274n14, 275n25, 276n46, 277n50 Albrecht I, emperor, 226 Otto II von Andechs-Meran, bishop, 152, 188 Albrecht von Käferberg, archbishop of Magdeburg, Poppo von Andechs-Meran, provost and 187 bishop, 150–1, 163, 175, 185, 188, 189, Alexander II, pope, 25 274n14 Alsace, 166, 214, 219, 229–30, 231, 247, 288n111 structure and adornment Altercatio Ecclesiae et Synagogae. See pseudo-Augustine Adamspforte, 146, 155 Amiens angel installed at eastern choir, 160 cathedral of, 99 Bamberg Rider, 2, 10, 147, 148, 155, 156, 160, diocese of, 120 162, 164, 165, 176, 179, 182–3, 187–90, Andechs-Meran family, 152–3, 188 281n111, 281n112 Andlau, imperial castle at, 230 construction history of building, 153, 162–3 Andrew, king of Hungary, 152 Devil blinding Jew, 140, 146, 172, 176, 178 Annales marbacenses, 231 Ecclesia and Synagoga at, 2–6, 10, 15, 39, 40, antiquity, medieval interest in, 5, 9, 52, 55–8, 82–4, 81–4, 140, 147–8, 155–9, 162, 164–5, 169, 98–103, 159–62, 164, 185, 211–12 172, 176, 178, 179–85, 187–8, 189–90, 191, Aphrodisias, Sebasteion at, 42–4 211, 213, 229, 236, 239, 241, 242, 243 Armleder massacres. See Jews, attacks on Fürstenportal, 140–1, 146–7, 150, 153–6, Assizes of Messina, 166 158–9, 162, 163–5, 169–72, 176, 178, 179, Assumption of the Virgin, feast of, 242 185, 188, 189–90 as celebrated at Strasbourg Cathedral, 217, 233 Gnadenpforte, 147, 153, 164 Augustine, 9, 16–19, 24–5, 26–7, 39, 45, 48, 51, 58, Jews painted in vaults, 182–3 60, 62, 128, 130, 131, 134, 138, 158, 165, “older” and “younger” sculptural workshops, 167, 168, 171, 238 147–8, 154–6, 159–62, 164, 185, 190 polychromy of building, 182–3 Bamberg polychromy of sculptures, 155, 164–5, 169, city of 179, 182, 185, 190 Jews in, 10, 172–8, 247 pope figure installed at eastern choir,156 Saint Gangolf, collegiate church, 163 sculpture compared to Reims, 155–8 Saint Jacob, collegiate church, 141, 163 tomb of Pope Clement II, 155, 156, 160 Saint Michael, abbey church, 141, 175 beauty, Synagoga’s, 1, 6, 83, 169, 189, 193, 218, 249 Saint Stephen, collegiate church, 163 Bengel, Sabine, 234–5 Diözesanmuseum Benjamin of Tudela, 172, 219 Gunthertuch, 185 Berlin, Deutsche Staatsbibliothek Staatsbibliothek MS Theol. 8o, 157, 188, 263n66 MS Msc. Bibl. 140 (Bamberg Apocalypse), 185 Bernard of Clairvaux, 36, 138, 168 MS Patr. 23.B.III. 13, 158, 263n66, 276n34 Berthold III, margrave of Istria, 188 MS Patr. 120, 158 Berthold von Teck, bishop of Strasbourg. See Bamberg Apocalypse. See Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek Strasbourg Cathedral, ecclesiastical Bamberg Cathedral hierarchy ecclesiastical hierarchy Bible authorities of the bishop, 175 1 Kings, 135 canons of, 140, 148, 150–1, 152, 153, 163, 169, 1 Thessalonians, 17 178, 185, 274n15, 277n50 2 Corinthians, 18, 76

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19744-1 - The Jew, the Cathedral, and the Medieval City: Synagoga and Ecclesia in the Thirteenth Century Nina Rowe Index More information

322 S Index

Bible (cont.) Ebersheim, abbot of, 222 3 Kings, 135 Ecclesia and Synagoga Acts, 62 antique origins of the motif, 9, 47–51, 82 Deuteronomy, 70–1, 258n96 at Bamberg Cathedral. See Bamberg Cathedral, Exodus, 258n96 structure and adornment Galatians, 70, 71 at Besançon, 284n34 Genesis, 16, 17, 49–50, 72 at Bordeaux, church of Saint-Seurin. Haggai, 69 See Bordeaux Isaiah, 21, 34 in Carolingian ivories. See ivories, Carolingian Lamentations, 40, 41 at Chartres Cathedral. See Chartres, cathedral of Leviticus, 29, 258n96 and the Cloisters Cross, 65, 69–71, 73–4 Luke, 258n96 at Dijon, church of Saint-Bénigne. See Dijon Matthew, 72, 224 at Erfurt Cathedral. See Erfurt, cathedral of Numbers, 29 at Freiburg im Breisgau Cathedral. See Freiburg Psalms, 68 im Breisgau, cathedral of Revelation, 78, 164 at Magdeburg Cathedral. See Magdeburg, Romans, 16 cathedral of Song of Songs. See Song of Songs at Minden Cathedral. See Minden, cathedral of Zacharias, 41 at Nevers, church of Saint-Pierre. See Nevers Zephania, 69 at Paris, Cathedral of Notre-Dame. See Paris, Blanche of Castile, queen of France, 10, 23, 115, Cathedral of Notre-Dame 124–5, 133–4, 139 at Reims Cathedral. See Reims Cathedral, Blodelsheim, Battle of, 231 structure and adornment blood libel, 15, 38, 166–8, 228, 246 represented in early Christian texts, 48–51 Bordeaux, church of Saint-Seurin, 242, 251n6 represented in fourteenth-century texts, 239–41 Brunn, Isaac, 191, 208–11, 233 represented in thirteenth-century texts, 239, Brussels, Musées Royaux d’Art et d’Histoire 240–1 Stavelot Altar, 62, 64, 65, 70, 74, 119 represented in twelfth-century texts, 62, 187–8 Bury Saint Edmunds, abbey, 69 at Saint-Denis, abbey church. See Saint-Denis, abbey church Caesarius of Heisterbach, 246 at Saint-Gilles-du-Gard, abbey church. See Saint- Cames, Gérard, 234–5 Gilles-du-Gard, abbey church Canticles. See Song of Songs on the Stavelot Altar. See Brussels, Musées Champagne, county of, 94, 120, 122–3, 126, 127, Royaux d’Art et d’Histoire 131–2, 134, 246 at Strasbourg Cathedral. See Strasbourg Charlemagne, emperor, 135, 139 Cathedral, structure and adornment Charles the Bald, emperor, 51–2, 109, 135 at Trier, Liebfrauenkirche. See Tr ier, Chazelle, Celia, 56 Liebfrauenkirche Chartres, cathedral of, 97, 99, 179, 200, 213 at Worms Cathedral. See Worms, cathedral of Ecclesia and Synagoga, formerly on north façade, Ekbert von Andechs-Meran. See Bamberg 3, 98, 104, 214 Cathedral, ecclesiastical hierarchy Synagoga on south façade, 214 Eliezer ben Joel ha-Levi, 222 Clark, William, 118 Erfurt, cathedral of, Ecclesia and Synagoga at, 241, Cloisters Cross. See New York, Metropolitan 290n13 Museum of Art Erler, Adalbert, 226, 234, 287n90 Clovis, king of the Franks, 107, 109, 112, 135 Eschau, abbey, 203 Cohen, Jeremy, 7 Constitutions of Melfi Liber( augustalis), 166, 228 Fifth Crusade, 27, 162 Constitutio pacis (Mainzer Landfriede), 228 First Crusade, 25, 71, 73, 75, 247 Crusades. See Albigensian Crusade; Jews, attacks on, Fish, Stanley, 6 linked to crusades; First Crusade; Second Flodoard, chronicler and canon of Reims. Crusade; Third Crusade; Fifth Crusade See Historia Remensis Ecclesiae Fourth Lateran Council, 26–8, 95, 122, 138, 166, Dagobert, king of the Franks, 118 175, 234, 277n61 Dagsburg, counts of, 231 Franciscans, 133, 146, 273n5 Decretals, of Gregory IX, 26, 218 Franconia, 152, 247 Decretum, of Gratian, 26 Frankfurter Dirigierrolle, 240 Decrock, Bruno, 270n64, 290n11 Frederick I, Barbarossa, emperor, 152, 167, 229 De la desputoison de la Sinagogue et de Sainte Yglise, Frederick II, emperor 240–1 and antiquity, 161–2, 164 Dijon and Bamberg, 162–3, 276nn45–6 Saint-Bénigne, abbey, 3, 214 and Jews, 166–8, 175, 228–9 Notre-Dame, parish church, 200 and the Law, 165–8, 171, 227, 228 Disputatio Ecclesiae et Synagogae, 239, 240 and Strasbourg, 227, 229–31 Dominicans, 133 Frederick the Quarrelsome, duke of Austria, 163

Index S 323

Freiburg im Breisgau, cathedral of, Ecclesia and in Christian debate literature, 20 Synagoga at, 241 conversion of, 18, 22, 23, 25–7, 37, 59, 69, 71, French Revolution, 3, 191, 208 76, 78, 133, 167, 168, 171, 172, 173, 189, Fulda, 166, 168, 178 217–18, 223–4, 229, 246, 247 distinctive dress for, 28–9, 166 Gannat, Église de St. Croix Frederick II and. See Frederick II, emperor Crucifixion Ivory,262n55 French royal policy on, 120–5, 132–4, 246–7 Ghent, Universiteitsbibliotheek imperial policy on, 166–8, 175, 228–9 MS 299 [431], 263n66 Isidore of Seville on, 19 Gilbert of Tournai, 239 John Chrysostom on, 17 Glossa ordinaria, 69 Louis IX and. See Louis IX, king of France Gregory I (the Great), pope, 24–5, 26, 49, 158 Melito of Sardis on, 17 Gregory IX, pope, 23, 26, 115, 133, 163, 200, and millenarianism, 78, 177, 217 218, 231 and the money trades, 9, 10, 27–8, 35–6, 69, Gregory of Tours, bishop, 107, 109 113–14, 124, 127, 175, 178, 222 Grünewald, Matthias, 191 papal policy on, 23, 24–9, 128–31, 133, 218 Paul on. See Paul Hagenau, 166, 167, 168, 219, 229, 230 Peter Alfonsi on, 22, 33 Hartleitner, Walter, 164–5, 277n55, 280n101, 280n105 Peter the Venerable on, 22, 33 Hausbergen, Battle of, 232 Red Jews, legend of, 178 Hebraica veritas, 20–2 in Reims. See Reims, Jews in Andrew of Saint Victor and, 21 in Strasbourg. See Strasbourg, Jews in Hugh of Saint Victor and, 21 suicides of, 36–8, 247 Stephen Harding and, 20 Tertullian on, 20 Heinrich von Veringen, bishop of Strasbourg. visual codes for representation of, 7, 8, 64, 172, See Strasbourg Cathedral, ecclesiastical 182–3, 252n24, 263n73 hierarchy Jews, attacks on Henri de Braine, archbishop of Reims. See Reims Armleder massacres, 247 Cathedral, ecclesiastical hierarchy linked to Black Death, 247–8 Henry II, emperor, 146, 152, 153, 163, 183, 185 linked to crusades, 25–6, 36–7, 132, 166 Henry VI, emperor, 229 linked to ritual murder and host desecration Henry (VII), king of Germany, 163, 229–31 accusations, 38, 69, 166, 228, 247 Henry of Istria, 153 Rindfleisch massacres,247 Herman-Judah of Cologne, 71 Joachim of Fiore, 176 Herrad von Hohenbourg. See Hortus deliciarum John of Salisbury, 165 Hildesheim, Saint Michael, abbey church, 96 Joseph Kimhi, 33, 258n89 Historia Remensis Ecclesiae, 101 “judaizing,” 21, 36 Honorius Augustodunensis, 78, 216–18, 224 Horowitz, Elliott, 72–3, 265n108 Kiddush ha-Shem. See Jews, suicides of Hortus deliciarum, 214–15 Kunigunde, empress, 146, 173, 183, 185 host desecration accusations. See Jews, attacks on Hoving, Thomas, 69–70 Langmuir, Gavin, 125 Hubel, Achim, 153 Lauda, 166, 178 legal proceedings Innocent III, pope, 26–7, 96, 128, 130, 153, 226 at Bamberg Cathedral, 140–1, 242–3 Isaac ben Moses (“Or Zaruna”), 175 at Strasbourg Cathedral, 225–6, 227, Islam, 25, 29, 30, 75–6, 187–8 229, 242 ivories, Carolingian, 51–61 Liber augustalis. See Constitutions of Melfi Lipton, Sara, 263n73 Jacob ben Yekutiel, 30 Little, Charles, 70 Jauss, Hans Robert, 6 London, Victoria and Albert Museum Jews Crucifixion Ivory,250–1867 , 262n55 Agobard of Lyons on, 19, 60 Crucifixion Ivory,251–1867 , 262n55 Amulo of Lyons on, 60 Louis II, king of West Francia, 109, 135 anti-Christian animus of, 7, 8–9, 11, 22–3, 33–5, Louis VI, king of France, 113 70–3, 128–31, 177–8, 223–5 Louis VII, king of France, 110, 135 anti-Christian polemics by, 7, 11, 33–5, 70–1, 72, Louis VIII, king of France, 112, 121, 123, 125, 136, 224–5 139 Augustine on. See Augustine Louis IX, king of France, 103, 135, 136, 139 in Bamberg. See Bamberg, Jews in and Jews, 10, 23, 95, 112, 124–5, Bernard of Clairvaux on. See Bernard of 133, 139, 168 Clairvaux and Reims, 113, 115–16 blood libel and. See blood libel Louis X, king of France, 247 Caesarius of Heisterbach on. See Caesarius of Louis the Pious, emperor, 60, 135 Heisterbach Ludus de Antichristo. See Play of the Antichrist

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Magdeburg Parker, Elizabeth, 70 cathedral of, Ecclesia and Synagoga at, 241, Passion de Nostre Seigneur, 240 290n12 Paul, 45, 152 city of, 152 on Jews, 16–19, 24, 49, 70, 76, 171 Magdeburg Rider, 187 representations of, 63, 98, 233 Mainz, 29, 30, 31, 37, 174, 197, 222 pawnbroking, 35, 127, 175, 222, 228.See also Jews, Mainzer Landfriede. See Constitutio pacis and the money trades Marcus, Ivan, 8, 265n108 penitential ritual Marvels of Rome, 83 at Reims Cathedral, 115, 242 Master Gregory, English canon, 84 at Strasbourg Cathedral, 11, 196, 234–6, 243–5 mendicants, 1, 23, 133, 168, 236. Pepin, king of the Franks, 103, 135, 139 See also Dominicans; Franciscans Pericope Book of Henry II. See Munich, Bayerische Metz School, “Second,” 58, 61. See also ivories, Staatsbibliothek Carolingian personifications Meyer, Jean-Philippe, 202 Armenia, 43–4 Minden, cathedral of, Ecclesia and Synagoga at, 242 Britannia, 43 moneylending, 27, 35–6, 114, 170, 176. See also Jews, Gentilitas (Paganism/Islam), 187, 282n121 and the money trades in Greco-Roman texts, 41 Monroe, Elizabeth, 76 Nike (Victory), 2, 41, 162, 185 Mont Sainte-Odile, abbey, 214 Oikoumene, 41, 57 Moore, R. I., 7–8 Roma, 2, 41, 44, 47, 57, 58, 59, 82, 104, 162, Mosche ha-Kohen, 222 185, 238 Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Roma and Constantinopolis, 44–5, 47, 82, 162, 238 MS Clm 4452 (Pericope Book of Henry II), 52, on Roman coins, 44–5, 47, 57, 147, 211, 238 55–6, 57, 58 on Roman monuments, 2, 41, 43, 84, 102, 138 MS Clm 15819, 263n66 Templum, 56, 57, 59 MS Clm 19411, 187 Tyche-like figures,41 , 44, 52, 56, 57, 61, 71, 82, Muslims, 25, 28, 37, 76, 166. See also Islam; 104, 185, 212 “Saracens” Virtues and Vices, 45–7, 49, 160 Peter the Chanter, 127 Narbonne, Musée Archéologique, 212 Philip IV, king of France, 246 Nathan of Mainz, 222 Philip Augustus, king of France, 103, 139, 152 Nevers, church of Saint-Pierre, 3 and Jews, 38, 121, 123, 125, 130–1, 132, 139 New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art and Reims, 110, 112 Cloisters Cross, 65–74, 119 Philip of Swabia, king of Germany, 152, 162, 197, Cloisters-Louvre ivory, 58–9 226, 227, 229 Julius Caesar bust (on loan), 161–2 Pietists, 32–3 Nicholas of Bari, 188 Play of the Antichrist, 187–8, 189, 239 Nicholas Donin, 23, 133–4, 168 polychromy of sculpture, 65, 111–12, 118–19, 155, Nirenberg, David, 7 164–5, 169, 179, 182, 185, 190, 206, 208, Nizzahon Vetus, 33–4, 70–1, 224 215 Prache, Anne, 97 Oberehnheim, 219, 222 Privilegium et Sententia in Favorem Iudaeorum O’Meara, Carra Ferguson, 75–6 (Privilege and Judgment in Favor of the Ordo of 1200, 136–7 Jews), 167, 169, 175, 229 Ordo of 1250. See Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de Provins, priory church, 3 France Prudentius, Psychomachia, 45–7, 49, 61 Ordo of Reims, 136 pseudo-Augustine, Altercatio Ecclesiae et Synagogae, Origen, 216 49–51, 56, 57, 60, 62, 82, 104, 158, 169, Otto II, bishop of Bamberg. See Bamberg Cathedral, 188, 231–2, 239 ecclesiastical hierarchy Psychomachia. See Prudentius, Psychomachia Otto IV (of Brunswick), king of Germany, 153, 162 Purim, 73, 130 Otto von Wittelsbach, palatine count of Bavaria, 153 Raddatz, Alfred, 59–60 Rashi, 21, 31–2, 127, 223–4 Panofsky, Erwin, 52, 98, 99, 261n42 reception theory, 6, 84 Paris Reims Bibliothèque nationale de France city of MS fr. 837, 290n10 archbishop’s palace in cathedral complex, 86, MS lat. 1246 (Ordo of 1250), 137 92, 105, 106 MS lat. 9383, 56–8 archbishop’s palace at the Mars Gate, 102, MS lat. 9428 (Drogo Sacramentary), 262n49 114, 127 MS lat. 9453, 262n55 burgher rebellions in, 9, 89, 96, 113–15, 242 Cathedral of Notre-Dame, 96 Jews in, 127–8, 131–4, 246 Ecclesia and Synagoga at, 3, 104 Mars Gate, 102, 114, 127

Index S 325

Saint-Nicaise, abbey, 86 Saint Gall, Stiftsbibliothek Saint-Remi, abbey, 98, 112, 136–7 MS 132, 263n66 Musée de Saint-Remi, 101 Saint-Gilles-du-Gard, abbey church, 74–6 Palais de Tau, 105 Saint Leonhard, abbey, 222 Reims Cathedral Samuel ben Baruch, 173–5 ecclesiastical hierarchy Samuel ben Solomon, 134 archdeacon of, 2 “Saracens,” 25, 28. See also Muslims Aubry de Humbert, archbishop, 89, 96, 97, Sauerländer, Willibald, 155, 285n47 106, 111, 134, 138 Scarfe, Norman, 69, 70 authorities of the archbishop, 102, 120 Schäfer, Peter, 22–3 canons of, 9–10, 86, 89, 92, 96, 102, 105–6, Schuller, Manfred, 153 111, 113–16, 118, 120, 121, 126, 127, Sciurie, Helga, 5 132–3, 137–8, 200 Second Crusade, 26, 72, 75, 168 and coronation ritual, 9–10, 89, 109–14, 118, Sefer Hasidim. See Pietists 124, 133–9 Seiferth, Wolfgang, 4–5 Guillaume de Champagne, archbishop, 132 Sens Guillaume de Joinville, archbishop, 89, 123, 136 archbishop of, 109, 111, 197 Henri de Braine, archbishop, 89, 105, 106, cathedral of, 197, 200, 213 113–15, 133, 136 Jews in, 127–30 Hincmar, archbishop, 109, 135 Sicut Iudaeis. See Jews, papal policy on Remi, saint, archbishop, 109 Simhah ben Samuel, 175 Samson de Mauvoisin, archbishop, 96, 98, 110 Smalley, Beryl, 21 structure and adornment Solomon ben Isaac. See Rashi Adam and Eve at, 86, 89, 92, 116, 139 Song of Songs angels and Christ figure on east end,86 , 87, Christian exegesis on, 68–9, 76, 78, 216–17, 89, 99, 117–18, 160, 200 289n137 antique style at, 98–103 Jewish exegesis on, 223–5 construction history of building, 89, 96–8 related to the south façade at Strasbourg Ecclesia and Synagoga at, 2–6, 9–10, 15, 39, Cathedral, 11, 216–25 40, 81–4, 86–7, 89, 92, 95, 99, 103–4, 119, Speyer 121, 126, 138–9, 157–8, 191, 211, 236, 239, cathedral of, 192, 197, 202 241, 242 Jews in, 30, 37, 38, 175, 221 kings on north façade, 9, 10, 82, 84, 85, 86, Rudiger, bishop of, 30, 37 92, 95, 99, 103, 105, 106, 111–12, 116, 139, Stephen of Hungary, saint, 185 155–6, 179, 191, 200, 236–7 Stock, Brian, 6 kings on the south façade, 2, 9, 10, 82, 84, 85, Strasbourg 86, 87, 92, 95, 99, 103, 105, 118–19, 121, city of 126, 138, 139, 156, 160, 179, 191, 200, heresy in, 236, 289n143 236–7 Jews in, 11, 215, 218–23, 227–8, 247–8 “masks” in upper zones, 92, 156, 200 Saint Lawrence, parish church (in cathedral, north façade, 86, 89, 92, 97–9, 104, 105–6, north transept), 197, 233 111–12, 116, 118, 139, 156, 206 Saint Peter the Elder, collegiate church, 233 polychromy of sculptures, 111–12, 118, 119 Saint Peter the Younger, collegiate church, south façade, 2, 9, 86, 87, 89, 92, 94, 95–6, 220, 233 97–9, 104–6, 118–19, 121, 124, 126–7, 133, Saint Thomas, collegiate church, 218, 233 134, 138–9, 156, 242 Second Municipal Charter, 222, 227 Visitation group on west façade, 98, 99, 101, Musée de l’Oeuvre Notre-Dame, 209, 213, 215, 212 284n39 west façade, 96, 98, 99, 241 Strasbourg Cathedral Rindfleisch massacres.See Jews, attacks on ecclesiastical hierarchy Roma and Constantinopolis. See personifications authorities of the bishop, 218, 226–7, Rome 231, 232 Arch of Titus, 41, 185 canons of, 191, 193, 197, 201, 215, 219, 220, Old Saint Peters, 48 224–5, 226, 227, 230, 231, 232, 233 Santa Pudenziana, church, 48 Berthold von Teck, bishop, 200, 201, 218, Santa Sabina, church, 47–8 230–1, 236 Rosheim, 219, 222 Heinrich von Veringen, bishop, 197, 201, 222, Röttingen, 247 226–7, 229–30, 236 Rudiger, bishop of Speyer. See Speyer Konrad II von Hühnenburg, bishop, 226, 229 Rupert of Deutz, 71, 263n75 Walter von Geroldseck, bishop, 232 Wernher von Habsburg, bishop, 197 Saint-Denis, abbey church, 96, 118 structure and adornment competition with Reims, 9, 89, 110–11, 113, 136 antique style at, 212–13 Ecclesia and Synagoga at, 76–8 chapels of Saint Andrew and John the Baptist, Suger, abbot. See Suger, abbot of Saint-Denis 197

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Strasbourg Cathedral (cont.) Toledot Yeshu, 22–3, 71 construction history of building, 191–2, 197, Tosafists,32 , 37, 174 200–2, 232 Tours, Bibliothèque municipale Coronation of the Virgin at, 191, 193, 209, MS 948, 290n10 215, 217, 225, 233, 235 Trachtenberg, Marvin, 97, 201 Dormition of the Virgin at, 191, 193, 200, 209, Trier 212, 215, 217, 233, 234–5 Jews in, 73, 178 Ecclesia and Synagoga at, 2–6, 10, 15, 39, 40, Liebfrauenkirche, Ecclesia and Synagoga at, 81–4, 191–3, 196, 202, 209–16, 217–18, 291n14 223–5, 227–8, 231–2, 233–6, 239, 241, 242, University of, 257n65 244–5, 283n22 Troyes, 21, 31, 71, 127, 131 north façade, 197 Tyche-like figures.See personifications Pillar of Angels, 194, 197, 200, 203, 206, 215, typology, 2, 3, 18, 45, 49, 50, 61, 62, 63–5, 68, 72, 216, 217, 225–6, 232, 235 148, 194, 216–17, 225, 263n65 polychromy of sculptures, 206, 208, 215, 284n39 Urban II, pope, 75, 110 Solomon at, 3, 11, 191, 192, 194, 202, 209, unction 211, 213, 215, 216–18, 223–5, 227, 228, baptismal, 109, 135–6 229, 231, 283n22 biblical, 134–5 south façade, 2–6, 11, 191–4, 200, 201–2, and coronation ritual, 110, 134–6, 137. 208–11, 215, 216–18, 223, 225, 226–8, 231, See also, Reims Cathedral, 232–7 ecclesiastical hierarchy south transept, 191–2, 194, 197, 200–3, 208, usury. See moneylending; Jews, and the money 215–16, 217–18, 225, 226, 228–9, 232–5 trades Stuppach Madonna. See Grünewald, Matthias Utrecht, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit style MS 32 (Utrecht Psalter), 60, 262n49 in architecture Gothic as “medieval modernism,” 86, 89, Verdun, Bibliothèque municipale 96–8, 111, 201–2. See also Trachtenberg, MS 74, 263n66 Marvin Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum Romanesque and “historicism,” 97–8, 201–2 Gemma Augustea, 41, 147, 185 in sculpture virtue and vice, ecclesiological concept of, 4, 12, classicizing, 2, 5, 9, 82–3, 98–101, 159–62, 237, 242, 245 212–13, 239 Virtues and Vices. See personifications naturalism, 5, 83–4, 155–6, 178–81, 189, 200, von Simson, Otto, 217–18, 223, 229 202–3, 209–10, 214, 239 “older” and “younger” workshops at Bamberg. Weber, Annette, 5, 285n47 See Bamberg Cathedral, structure and Weber, Paul, 4, 59, 60, 252n13, 261n35, 288–9n128 adornment William the Conqueror, 30 principle of axiality, 99–101 William of Norwich, 38 Suger, abbot of Saint-Denis, 76, 96, 110 Wise and Foolish Virgins, 241–2, 245, 290–1n13 Wolfhagen, 166, 178 Talmud Wolfhelm von Hagenau, Schultheiß of Strasbourg, Christian condemnation of, 9, 22–3, 24, 27, 82, 230 139, 168 Worms Jesus in, 22–3 cathedral of, Ecclesia and Synagoga at, 242 and Jewish practice, 21–2, 31–2, 71, 134, 167, 174 cathedral of, structure, 197 “Talmud Trial,” 10, 23, 82, 95, 133–4, 139, 168 Jews in, 37, 167, 221, 222 Tauberbischofsheim, 166, 178 Wortwinus, building master at Bamberg, 163 Tegernsee, abbey, 188 testimonia, 20, 47, 49, 57, 70 Yehiel of Paris, 134 Third Crusade, 26 Yuval, Israel, 8, 38, 177–8 Third Lateran Council, 26 Thomas of Monmouth, 38 Zähringen family, 230