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Mutual Watching and Resistance to Mass Surveillance After Snowden
Media and Communication (ISSN: 2183-2439) 2015, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 12-25 Doi: 10.17645/mac.v3i3.277 Article “Veillant Panoptic Assemblage”: Mutual Watching and Resistance to Mass Surveillance after Snowden Vian Bakir School of Creative Studies and Media, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2DG, UK; E-Mail: [email protected] Submitted: 9 April 2015 | In Revised Form: 16 July 2015 | Accepted: 4 August 2015 | Published: 20 October 2015 Abstract The Snowden leaks indicate the extent, nature, and means of contemporary mass digital surveillance of citizens by their intelligence agencies and the role of public oversight mechanisms in holding intelligence agencies to account. As such, they form a rich case study on the interactions of “veillance” (mutual watching) involving citizens, journalists, intelli- gence agencies and corporations. While Surveillance Studies, Intelligence Studies and Journalism Studies have little to say on surveillance of citizens’ data by intelligence agencies (and complicit surveillant corporations), they offer insights into the role of citizens and the press in holding power, and specifically the political-intelligence elite, to account. Atten- tion to such public oversight mechanisms facilitates critical interrogation of issues of surveillant power, resistance and intelligence accountability. It directs attention to the veillant panoptic assemblage (an arrangement of profoundly une- qual mutual watching, where citizens’ watching of self and others is, through corporate channels of data flow, fed back into state surveillance of citizens). Finally, it enables evaluation of post-Snowden steps taken towards achieving an equiveillant panoptic assemblage (where, alongside state and corporate surveillance of citizens, the intelligence-power elite, to ensure its accountability, faces robust scrutiny and action from wider civil society). -
Exhibit a Case 3:16-Cr-00051-BR Document 545-2 Filed 05/11/16 Page 2 of 86
Case 3:16-cr-00051-BR Document 545-2 Filed 05/11/16 Page 1 of 86 Exhibit A Case 3:16-cr-00051-BR Document 545-2 Filed 05/11/16 Page 2 of 86 Executive Order 12333 United States Intelligence Activities (As amended by Executive Orders 13284 (2003), 13355 (2004) and 134 70 (2008)) PREAMBLE Timely, accurate, and insightful information about the activities, capabilities, plans, and intentions of foreign powers , organizations, and persons, and their agents, is essential to the national security of the United States. All reasonable and lawful means must be used to ensure that the United States will receive the best intelligence possible. For that purpose, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the National Security Act of 1947, as amended, (Act) and as President of the United States of America, in order to provide for the effective conduct of United States intelligence activities and the protection of constitutional rights, it is hereby ordered as follows: PART 1 Goals, Directions, Duties, and Responsibilities with Respect to United States Intelligence Efforts 1.1 Goals. The United States intelligence effort shall provide the President, the National Security Council, and the Homeland Security Council with the necessary information on which to base decisions concerning the development and conduct of foreign, defense, and economic policies, and the protection of United States national interests from foreign security threats. All departments and agencies shall cooperate fully to fulfill this goal. (a} All means, consistent with applicable Federal law and this order, and with full consideration of the rights of United States persons, shall be used to obtain reliable intelligence information to protect the United States and its interests. -
Mass Surveillance
Mass Surveillance Mass Surveillance What are the risks for the citizens and the opportunities for the European Information Society? What are the possible mitigation strategies? Part 1 - Risks and opportunities raised by the current generation of network services and applications Study IP/G/STOA/FWC-2013-1/LOT 9/C5/SC1 January 2015 PE 527.409 STOA - Science and Technology Options Assessment The STOA project “Mass Surveillance Part 1 – Risks, Opportunities and Mitigation Strategies” was carried out by TECNALIA Research and Investigation in Spain. AUTHORS Arkaitz Gamino Garcia Concepción Cortes Velasco Eider Iturbe Zamalloa Erkuden Rios Velasco Iñaki Eguía Elejabarrieta Javier Herrera Lotero Jason Mansell (Linguistic Review) José Javier Larrañeta Ibañez Stefan Schuster (Editor) The authors acknowledge and would like to thank the following experts for their contributions to this report: Prof. Nigel Smart, University of Bristol; Matteo E. Bonfanti PhD, Research Fellow in International Law and Security, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna Pisa; Prof. Fred Piper, University of London; Caspar Bowden, independent privacy researcher; Maria Pilar Torres Bruna, Head of Cybersecurity, Everis Aerospace, Defense and Security; Prof. Kenny Paterson, University of London; Agustín Martin and Luis Hernández Encinas, Tenured Scientists, Department of Information Processing and Cryptography (Cryptology and Information Security Group), CSIC; Alessandro Zanasi, Zanasi & Partners; Fernando Acero, Expert on Open Source Software; Luigi Coppolino,Università degli Studi di Napoli; Marcello Antonucci, EZNESS srl; Rachel Oldroyd, Managing Editor of The Bureau of Investigative Journalism; Peter Kruse, Founder of CSIS Security Group A/S; Ryan Gallagher, investigative Reporter of The Intercept; Capitán Alberto Redondo, Guardia Civil; Prof. Bart Preneel, KU Leuven; Raoul Chiesa, Security Brokers SCpA, CyberDefcon Ltd.; Prof. -
E-Mails from Inside the NSA Bureaucracy
7/28/2016 Electrospaces.net 6 More Next Blog» Create Blog Sign In June 24, 2016 Welcome to Electrospaces.net! Here you can read about: E-mails from inside the NSA bureaucracy - Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), - Communications Security (COMSEC), Earlier this month, the NSA declassified a huge set of internal e-mails, following FOIA- - Information Classification, requests about the issue of whether Edward Snowden had raised concerns about the and also about the equipment, from NSA's surveillance programs through proper channels inside the agency. past and present, which make that civilian and military leaders can > Download the declassified e-mails (very large pdf) communicate in order to fulfill their duties. Here, we will take a look at the administrative details these internal NSA e-mails The main focus will be on the United provide. Next time we will see what their content says about the concerns that States and its National Security Snowden claimed to have raised. Agency (NSA), but attention will also be paid to other countries and subjects. Any comments, additions, corrections, questions or suggestions will be very appreciated! There's no login or registration required for commenting. twitter.com/electrospaces info (at) electrospaces.net PGP Public Key ID: FD9FD4E6 The postings on this weblog are updated frequently as new information about the NSA is still being revealed. Therefore, revisit this weblog and check the articles for updates! Index of all postings Internal e-mail from NSA director Michael Rogers. In the signature block we see his NSANet and SIPRNet e-mail addresses and his non-secure phone number (all redacted) (Click to enlarge - See also: NSA director Alexander's phones) Recent Posts E-mails from inside the NSA bureaucracy E-mail addresses German journalists about working with the Snowden documents http://electrospaces.blogspot.dk/ 1/18 7/28/2016 Electrospaces.net Except from the classification markings, the NSA's internal e-mails aren't very different from those exchanged by most other people around the world. -
Fondamentaux & Domaines
Septembre 2020 Marie Lechner & Yves Citton Angles morts du numérique ubiquitaire Sélection de lectures, volume 2 Fondamentaux & Domaines Sommaire Fondamentaux Mike Ananny, Toward an Ethics of Algorithms: Convening, Observation, Probability, and Timeliness, Science, Technology, & Human Values, 2015, p. 1-25 . 1 Chris Anderson, The End of Theory: The Data Deluge Makes the Scientific Method Obsolete, Wired, June 23, 2008 . 26 Mark Andrejevic, The Droning of Experience, FibreCultureJournal, FCJ-187, n° 25, 2015 . 29 Franco ‘Bifo’ Berardi, Concatenation, Conjunction, and Connection, Introduction à AND. A Phenomenology of the End, New York, Semiotexte, 2015 . 45 Tega Brain, The Environment is not a system, Aprja, 2019, http://www.aprja.net /the-environment-is-not-a-system/ . 70 Lisa Gitelman and Virginia Jackson, Introduction to Raw Data is an Oxymoron, MIT Press, 2013 . 81 Orit Halpern, Robert Mitchell, And Bernard & Dionysius Geoghegan, The Smartness Mandate: Notes toward a Critique, Grey Room, n° 68, 2017, pp. 106–129 . 98 Safiya Umoja Noble, The Power of Algorithms, Introduction to Algorithms of Oppression. How Search Engines Reinforce Racism, NYU Press, 2018 . 123 Mimi Onuoha, Notes on Algorithmic Violence, February 2018 github.com/MimiOnuoha/On-Algorithmic-Violence . 139 Matteo Pasquinelli, Anomaly Detection: The Mathematization of the Abnormal in the Metadata Society, 2015, matteopasquinelli.com/anomaly-detection . 142 Iyad Rahwan et al., Machine behavior, Nature, n° 568, 25 April 2019, p. 477 sq. 152 Domaines Ingrid Burrington, The Location of Justice: Systems. Policing Is an Information Business, Urban Omnibus, Jun 20, 2018 . 162 Kate Crawford, Regulate facial-recognition technology, Nature, n° 572, 29 August 2019, p. 565 . 185 Sidney Fussell, How an Attempt at Correcting Bias in Tech Goes Wrong, The Atlantic, Oct 9, 2019 . -
SSO Corporate Portfolio Overview
SSO Corporate Portfolio Overview Derived From: NSA/CSSM 1-52 Dated: 20070108 Declassify On: 20361201 What is SSO's Corporate Portfolio? What data can we collect? Where do I go for more help? Agenda 2 What is SSO's Corporate Portfolio? What is SSO Corporate access collection? (TS//SI//NF) Access and collection of telecommunications on cable, switch network, and/or routers made possible by the partnerships involving NSA and commercial telecommunications companies. 3 Brief discussion of global telecommunications infrastructure. How access points in the US can collect on communications from "bad guy" countries (least cost routing, etc.) 4 Unique Aspects Access to massive amounts of data Controlled by variety of legal authorities Most accesses are controlled by partner Tasking delays (TS//SI//NF) Key Points: 1) SSO provides more than 80% of collection for NSA. SSO's Corporate Portfolio represents a large portion of this collection. 2) Because of the partners and access points, the Corporate Portfolio is governed by several different legal authorities (Transit, FAA, FISA, E012333), some of which are extremely time-intensive. 3) Because of partner relations and legal authorities, SSO Corporate sites are often controlled by the partner, who filters the communications before sending to NSA. 4) Because we go through partners and do not typically have direct access to the systems, it can take some time for OCTAVE/UTT/Cadence tasking to be updated at site (anywhere from weekly for some BLARNEY accesses to a few hours for STORMBREW). 5 Explanation of how we can collect on a call between (hypothetically) Iran and Brazil using Transit Authority. -
Protecting Personal Data, Electronic Communications, and Individual
Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly Volume 42 Article 4 Number 3 Spring 2015 1-1-2015 The ewN Data Marketplace: Protecting Personal Data, Electronic Communications, and Individual Privacy in the Age of Mass Surveillance through a Return to a Property-Based Approach to the Fourth Amendment Megan Blass Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_constitutional_law_quaterly Part of the Constitutional Law Commons Recommended Citation Megan Blass, The New Data Marketplace: Protecting Personal Data, Electronic Communications, and Individual Privacy in the Age of Mass Surveillance through a Return to a Property-Based Approach to the Fourth Amendment, 42 Hastings Const. L.Q. 577 (2015). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_constitutional_law_quaterly/vol42/iss3/4 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The New Data Marketplace: Protecting Personal Data, Electronic Communications, and Individual Privacy in the Age of Mass Surveillance Through a Return to a Property-Based Approach to the Fourth Amendment by MEGAN BLASS* I. Mass Surveillance in the New Millennium: Edward Snowden Versus The National Security Agency A. Watergate Fears Realized: National Security Agency Programs Exposed in 2013 Edward Snowden is now a household name.' He garnered global attention in 2013 when he claimed responsibility for leaking government documents that revealed unprecedented levels of domestic surveillance conducted by the National Security Agency ("NSA" or "the Agency"). 2 The information leaked by Mr. -
Thinking Ahead—Essays on Big Data, Digital Revolution, and Participatory Market Society Dirk Helbing
Thinking Ahead—Essays on Big Data, Digital Revolution, and Participatory Market Society Dirk Helbing Thinking Ahead----Essays on Big Data, Digital Revolution, and Participatory Market Society 2123 Dirk Helbing ETH Zürich, CLU E1 Computational Social Science Claussiusstrasse 50 8092 Zürich Switzerland ISBN 978-3-319-15077-2 ISBN 978-3-319-15078-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-15078-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015934446 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of transla- tion, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: Internet security and privacy issues with a human eye and digital binary code as surveillance of hackers or hacking from cyber criminals watching prohibited access to web sites with firewalls. -
Cybersecurity Challenges for Canada and the United States
March 2015 CYBERSECURITY CHALLENGES F O R C A N A D A A N D T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S Alexander Moens I Seychelle Cushing I Alan W. Dowd fraserinstitute.org Contents Executive summary / iii Introduction / 1 Conclusions and recommendations / 2 The Nature and Logic of Cyber(in)security / 4 Three Case Studies of Cyberoperations / 10 Russia’s hybrid warfare / 10 American-Israeli “coercive” diplomacy / 11 China’s economic cyberexploits / 12 Risks and Costs of North American Cybersecurity / 16 North American Cybersecurity Cooperation: Canada, the United States, and the Five Eyes / 20 Governing Cybersecurity and Freedoms / 24 References / 28 About the Authors / 43 Acknowledgments / 44 Publishing Information / 45 Purpose, Funding, and Independence / 46 Supporting the Fraser Institute / 46 About the Fraser Institute / 47 Editorial Advisory Board / 48 fraserinstitute.org / i fraserinstitute.org Executive summary The Internet was designed not with security in mind, but rather openness and the free flow of information. The resulting globally connected nature of the Internet has brought unprecedented levels of information and commercial exchange, contributed enormous gains to individual prosperity, empowered individuals, and promoted and expanded individual liberty. Only in recent years have governments, militaries, industries, firms, and individuals come to grips with the importance of protecting this critical sphere of activity on which so much liberty, property, and security depends. How to protect legitimate activity in cyberspace without compromising its open character is the challenge. Overemphasizing security can restrict freedom and stifle entrepre- neurial potential. Conversely, liberty in cyberspace without an appreciation of cybersecurity presents rising commercial and governmental costs as well as unacceptable threats to national security. -
Die Digitale Allmacht Der NSA
Die digitale Allmacht der NSA Erkenntnisse nach (mehr als) einem Jahr Snowden-Enthüllungen Thomas Reinhold - [email protected] Übersicht ● Die NSA-Programme im Überblick ● Verbindungen zw. NSA und US-Militär ● Stuxnet – ein finaler Rückblick Die NSA-Programme im Überblick We hack everyone everywhere. We like to make a distinction between us and the others. But we are in almost every country in the world US Cybercommand official, The Guardian, 7.Juni 2013 Die NSA-Programme im Überblick We hack everyone everywhere. We like to make a distinction between us and the others. But we are in almost every country in the world US Cybercommand official, The Guardian, 7.Juni 2013 ● Die „digitale Allmacht die NSA“ – alles wissen – alles kontrollieren – alles tun Die NSA-Programme: alles wissen ● PRISM / UPStream / Stormbrew – Zugriff auf Daten von Providern und ISP mit Standorten in den USA /Five Eyes ● Datenbanken und Datenzentren – Utah (2013), Fort Meade (2015), 29.000 TB/touched per day – 6 Mrd. Metadaten/Tag (Stand 2010) ● Telefonverkehr (CO-Traveller) – Handystandorte, Roaming-Verbindungen, Anruflisten, Metadaten ● TUNDA-Freeze: Bilderanalyse und Gesichtserkennungen – Soziale Netzwerke, Google, Mails … ● Finanztransaktionen von VISA und Swift (TRACFIN) Die NSA-Programme: alles kontrollieren ● FOXACID / QUANTUM: – Eigene Serverinfrastrukturen im Backbone für MITM-Attacken – Paket Injection und Umleitung auf eigene Server für Angriffe ● TEMPORA – Zugriff auf zentrale Glasfaserverbindungen (Atlantik, Naher Osten) – 3 Tage Internetpuffer (full take), 30 Tage Metadaten submarinecablemap.com Die NSA-Programme: alles kontrollieren submarinecablemap.com Die NSA-Programme: alles kontrollieren ● HACIENDA – Automatische Suche nach Schwachstellen von ganzen Netzwerken und Ländern (2009: 27 Länder) – „Weltkarte der Schwachstellen“ ● ANT-Kataloge (Advanced Network Technologies) – Hardware-Erweiterungen für namhafte Netzwerk- und Serverhersteller – Modifizierte Kleinelektronik (bspw. -
SSO Dictionary Relevant Entries
ARTIFICE (TS//SI/NF) Covername for one of SSO's corporate partners BIGBIRD (TS//SI//NF) A cable modernization effort, which began in 2004 to support the theme of a more focused, agile collection, a more cost-effective cover, and access to new higher priority cable systems. As part of the FAIRVIEW/SSO broad access, focused collection strategy, the BIGBIRD effort provided the program with significant additional access to targets on selected undersea cable systems, an automated remote survey capability, and a modernized collection and processing suite for exploiting this new access. The enclosed proposal for continued cable modernization, entitled POORWILL, will specifically focus on providing increased DNR access capacity and processing across all existing cable sites. Additionally, the proposed effort includes increased processing capacity at the Program's centralized processing facility - PINECONE. BLACKBELT (T//SI//NF) FAIRVIEW Access CASE NOTATION (S//SI//REL) An alphanumeric value that identifies the intercepted link being processed. CADENCE C//SI) CADENCE is a DNI tasking tool. The CADENCE system fully automates the Front-End Dictionary Management process within Operations. Utilizing CADENCE, dictionary managers as well as target analysts are able to submit, review, and forward dictionary updates electronically. Receipts for these requests are automatically generated, statistics compiled and reported, and approved updates maintained in a database containing historical information for the DDO review of "USSID-18" compliance. Finally, CADENCE -
Fichtner, Laura
Credits for cover images: The Opte project: http://www.opte.org/ Free under creative commons license for non-commercial use Picture of NSA headquarters in Fort Meade, Maryland Under creative commons license: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:National_Security_Agency_headquarters,_Fort_Meade,_M aryland.jpg For her support for the cover: many thanks to Eva Müller! Scientia est Potentia: Techno-Politics as Network(ed) Struggles Laura Fichtner Master thesis: Laura Fichtner, s1346946 Philosophy of Science, Technology and Society (MSc) University of Twente Dr. Michael Nagenborg (1st supervisor), Prof. Peter-Paul Verbeek (2nd supervisor) Date: 09.10.2014 TECHNO - POLITICS AS NETWORK(ED) STRUGGLES | 1 Abstract Following 2013’ summer of surveillance I investigate the technological operation of the NSA’s internet surveillance programs Upstream, PRISM and Quantumtheory, which intercept strategically from within the United States. Moreover, I analyze corresponding counter-surveillance technologies. The research results show how internet techno-politics shape the contemporary political landscape. In the techno-politics of surveillance we see how particular technological structures become intrinsic to political forms, because they come with certain social structures. Acting through technological structures, political groups can govern and structure interactions in the way legislation traditionally would. I develop my framework out of the philosophy of pragmatist John Dewey, for whom technological networks and infrastructures played a significant role in politics. However, he still saw technological structures as extrinsic to political forms. I suggest expanding his framework and explore, based on the work of Susan Leigh Star and Geoffrey C. Bowker, how technological infrastructures can become intrinsic to politics. Because they give rise to flows which (re)organize spatial relations in what Manuel Castells has titled the new ‘space of flows’, different networks embed different socio-political structures.