Sveti Lovreč 51 Sveti Lovreč 52 Umag 53 Umag 54 Vižinada 55 Vižinada 56 57 58 0 5 10 Km Vodnjan Vodnjan Viri 59 Literature 59

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Sveti Lovreč 51 Sveti Lovreč 52 Umag 53 Umag 54 Vižinada 55 Vižinada 56 57 58 0 5 10 Km Vodnjan Vodnjan Viri 59 Literature 59 Srce Istre KULtura in DEDIščina Istre, razVOJ čezmeJnih turističnih itinerarJEV V urBanih in ruraLnih OBMOČJIH Istre JE ODOBren V skLOpu SOseDskega prOgrama SLOVeniJA – MADžarska – HRVAška 2004–2006 Heart of Istria CULture anD heritage OF Istria, DEVELOpment OF crOss BORDer TOU- RIST itineraries in urBan anD ruraL areas OF Istria, suppOrteD thrOugh the CON- INTERREG IIIA Sosedski program TEXT OF the NeighBOurhOOD prOgramme SLOVenia – HungarY – CROatia 2004–2006 Slovenija – Madžarska – Hrvaška 2004–2006 INTERREG IIIA Neighbourhood programme Slovenia – Hungary – Croatia 2004–2006 ISTRSKA STAVBNA DEDIŠČINA OBDOBJA beneškega VENETIAN ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN ISTRIA Projekt je sofinancirala Evropska unija Projekt je izvedla Istrska županija The project is co-financed by the European Union A project implemented by the Region of Istria Izid publikacije je finančno podprla Evropska unija. This brochure has been produced with the assistance of European Union. Za njeno vsebino odgovarja Istrska županija in ne izraža stališč Evropske unije. The contents of this brochure is the sole responsability of Region of Istria and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. TRST TRIESTE MILJE MUGGIA KOPER IZOLA UMAG BUJE BUZET Seget Oprtalj Roč Grožnjan Dajla RIJEKA Hum Lupoglav Motovun Vižinada NOVIGRAD červar PAZIN Sv. Ivan od šterne PoREč Gračišće Sv. Lovreč Savičenta LABIN ROVINJ Bale VODNJAN PULJ PULA 0 5 10 km ISTRSKA STAVBNA DEDIŠČINA beneškega OBDOBJA 4 Venetian ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN ISTRIA 5 Bale 8 Bale 9 RIJEKA Buje 10 Buje 11 Buzet 12 Buzet 13 Gračišće 14 Gračišće 15 Grožnjan 16 Grožnjan 17 Hum 18 Hum 18 Koper 19 Koper 22 Labin 26 Labin 27 Lupoglav 28 Lupoglav 28 Motovun 29 Motovun 30 Novigrad 31 Novigrad 33 Oprtalj 35 Oprtalj 35 Poreč 36 Poreč 38 Pulj 40 Pula 42 Roč 43 Roč 43 Rovinj 44 Rovinj 46 Savičenta (Svetvinčenat) 47 Savičenta 48 Sveti Ivan od Šterne 49 Sveti Ivan od Šterne 50 Sveti Lovreč 51 Sveti Lovreč 52 Umag 53 Umag 54 Vižinada 55 Vižinada 56 57 58 0 5 10 km Vodnjan Vodnjan 59 59 viri literature heart of Istria 3 ISTRSKA STAVBNA DEDIŠČINA OBDOBJA Istrska umetniška dediščina je v veliki meri zaznamovana z beneškegabeneško kulturo, čeprav Benetke niso nikoli zavzele vse Istre. Mesta v zahodni Istri so postala del Beneške republike v drugi polovici 13. stoletja, Pulj v začetku 14. stoletja, medtem ko sta bila Labin in Plomin vključena v Republiko šele leta 1420. Prevlada beneških arhitekturnih oblik, ki dajo pečat ulicam in trgom istrskih mest, je opazna od začetka 15. stoletja. Tudi v najmanjših mestih so gradili številne večnadstropne hiše, ki imajo na fasadah obvezno široka, okrašena okna in balkone v slogu beneške cvetne gotike. Mogoče so najlepše, čeprav ve- činoma skromne, tiste v Poreču. Za razliko od beneških istrske palače oddajajo drugačno vzdušje, so bolj čvrste in zaprte, grajene iz pravilno klesanih kamnitih blokov, medtem ko so elegantni kamniti okvirji na beneških hišah vgrajeni v opeč- nate zidove. Beneške hiše v Istri mogoče niso toliko beneške zaradi potrebe po sprejemanju likovnega vzora prestolnice, temveč zaradi bolj praktičnega razloga. Čvrste apnenčaste bloke so stoletja prevažali iz istrskih kamnolomov v Benetke, a tamkajšnji kamnoseki in graditelji so prihajali organizirat delo v kamnolomih, kjer je kamen lomila množica istrskih kamno- sekov. Beneški mojstri so v Istri izdelovali kamnite izdelke, kot je bil običaj v Benetkah, in prav tako so bili na gradbiščih pre- stolnice zabeleženi številni istrski kamnoseki. Stanovanjska istrska arhitektura je zaznamovana z morfolo- ško-krajinskim in gospodarskimi pogoji časa, v katerem je nastajala, a stoletne plasti se neredko berejo vse do antičnih 4 heart of Istria VENETIAN ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN ISTRIA Venetian culture contributed greatly to Istrian artistic Venetian skilled workmen made the stone shapes heritage, even though the Venetian Republic never in the manner as it was done in Venice, but at the completely ruled over the Istrian peninsula. The same time, there is evidence of numerous skilful Is- towns of western Istria came under Venetian rule trian stone-cutters who worked at construction sites during the 13th century, Pula at the beginning of the in the metropolis. th 14 century, while Plomin and Labin were annexed The morphological structure, landscape and eco- to the Republic in 1420. nomic circumstances influenced and defined Istrian The dominance of Venetian architectural forms, which architecture of every period. Yet, the remains of by- mark all the streets and squares of Istrian towns, was gone eras, including the Antiquity, are commonly seen from the beginning of the 15th century. Multi- noticeable in almost every structural design, such as storey houses with wide, adorned windows and bal- a residential house, an urban villa or a country-house. conies in the Venetian Floral Gothic style were built The entire configuration of towns started to change in even the smallest Istrian towns. The most beautiful at the end of the 13th century, when many Roman- examples of Venetian palaces, although dimension- esque houses were modified and reconstructed into ally modest, are those in Poreč. Istrian palaces some- Gothic complexes. Pre-Romanesque and Roman- how differ from those in Venice. They were built of esque architecture changed under Venetian influ- chiselled, proportioned stone blocks, making them ence, which introduced the inner yard, with repre- more solid and compact, whereas the elegant stone sentative staircases and cisterns. Another innovative framework of Venice was built using walls of brick. Venetian feature was a multi-storey house in which Venetian palaces in Istria were not so much Venetian every storey had a particular purpose (residential, ad- because of the need to accept the artistic model of ministrative or commercial). the capital, but more for practical reasons. Blocks of The regional house style, consisting of an administra- sturdy limestone had been transported for hundreds tive ground floor, a residential first floor and an out- of years from Istrian quarries to Venice, and Vene- door staircase, was developed in the rural part of Istria. tian stonemasons and builders came to the quar- The inner staircase, a detached area with a hearth and ries where the rock was cut by Istrian stonemasons. additional floors were added during the Venetian rule. heart of Istria temeljev večstanovanjskih urbanih stavb, podeželskih pa spominja na arhitekturo bolj znanih dubrovniških ali urbanih vil. Od konca 13. stoletja se je spreminjala letoviških vil iz 15. in 16. stoletja. struktura celotnih mestnih matric – parcele romanskih Razen v stanovanjski arhitekturi je beneški vpliv pre- hiš so se združevale v gotske komplekse. Predroman- ska in romanska stanovanjska arhitektura se je spre- poznaven tako v javnih stavbah oziroma komunalnih minjala pod beneškim vplivom z uvajanjem notranjih palačah kot v sklopu stavb, ki so v funkciji javne ko- dvorišč, hiše so dobivale več nadstropij, v katerih so munalne ali municipalne oblasti. Beneški pečat nosi- bile določene različne funkcije (gospodarske, poslov- jo tudi drugi tipi javne arhitekture, kot so obrambni ne, stanovanjske), v notranjih dvoriščih so gradili re- stolpi, obzidja ali mestne lože, ki jih je v izobilju najti prezentativna stopnišča in vodnjake. v istrskem urbanem tkivu. V Istri je ta dediščina osre- V ruralnih delih Istre se je razvil regionalni tip hiše z dotočena na relativno majhnem prostoru polotoka in gospodarskim pritličjem, stanovanjskim nadstro- ponuja priložnost opazovanja beneškega gradbenega pjem in zunanjim stopniščem – baladurjem. V be- nasledstva iz popolnoma drugačne perspektive. neškem obdobju so se preoblikovale z dodajanjem Ta ogled zajema najpomembnejše, pomembne in nadstropij z notranjim stopniščem in ločenim delom manj pomembne ohranjene arhitekturne spomenike, z ognjiščem. V poznem srednjem veku in baroku so ki so zgrajeni v času beneške oblasti v Istri oziroma od se pojavile palače kot reprezentativne stanovanjske 13. do 18. stoletja, in tudi nekatere zgodnejše oziroma stavbe plemičev in premožnih meščanskih družin. Po- kasnejše, ker vpliv močnega kulturnega in gospodar- deželske palače so bile sestavljene iz stanovanjskega skega središča ni bil omejen samo na čas, ko je Istra dela za družino zemljiškega gospoda, stanovanjskega dela za kolone in služinčad ter gospodarskih objektov, politično pripadala Benetkam. Na tem obhodu bomo kot so hlevi, vodnjaki, konjušnice, silosi, a pomemben morali velikokrat potolažiti radovednost samo pred fa- del kompleksa je bil vrt ali dvor s kultivirano okolico, sado zanimive stavbe – ponekod zaradi tega, ker v pri- ki uokvirja celoto. Oblikovno so podeželske vile pou- vatno hišo ne moremo vstopiti brez povabila, in po- darjene z beneškimi vzori, imajo pa močan regionalni nekod zaradi zapuščenosti in podrtosti davnih zgradb, značaj. Edinstven korpus podeželskih vil po kakovosti ki čakajo zainteresirane investitorje, ki so pripravljeni sodi v vrh slogovne arhitekture, po standardu bivanja spoštovati stroga konservatorska pravila obnove. 6 heart of Istria The Late Middle Ages and the Baroque transformed be found all over Istria also bear the elements and palaces into representative residential buildings for characteristics of Venetian architecture. Istrian archi- the aristocracy and wealthy middle-class families. tectural heritage is concentrated on a relatively small Each country villa had a residential area for a manorial area and gives an opportunity to observe Venetian family, a residential area
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