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Romanian Political Science Review Vol. XXI, No. 1 2021
Romanian Political Science Review vol. XXI, no. 1 2021 The end of the Cold War, and the extinction of communism both as an ideology and a practice of government, not only have made possible an unparalleled experiment in building a democratic order in Central and Eastern Europe, but have opened up a most extraordinary intellectual opportunity: to understand, compare and eventually appraise what had previously been neither understandable nor comparable. Studia Politica. Romanian Political Science Review was established in the realization that the problems and concerns of both new and old democracies are beginning to converge. The journal fosters the work of the first generations of Romanian political scientists permeated by a sense of critical engagement with European and American intellectual and political traditions that inspired and explained the modern notions of democracy, pluralism, political liberty, individual freedom, and civil rights. Believing that ideas do matter, the Editors share a common commitment as intellectuals and scholars to try to shed light on the major political problems facing Romania, a country that has recently undergone unprecedented political and social changes. They think of Studia Politica. Romanian Political Science Review as a challenge and a mandate to be involved in scholarly issues of fundamental importance, related not only to the democratization of Romanian polity and politics, to the “great transformation” that is taking place in Central and Eastern Europe, but also to the make-over of the assumptions and prospects of their discipline. They hope to be joined in by those scholars in other countries who feel that the demise of communism calls for a new political science able to reassess the very foundations of democratic ideals and procedures. -
Ales Bialiatski's Biography Ales Bialiatski
Ales Bialiatski's Biography Ales Bialiatski Ales (Aliaksandr) Viktaravich Bialiatski was born on 25 September 1962 in the town of Värtsilä in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, to Belarusian parents who had left Belarus for better salaries. His father Viktar Ustsinavich and mother Nina Aliaksandrauna returned to Belarus in 1964 to settle in the newly founded town of Svetlahorsk, where Ales finished local School #5. In 1979, Ales Bialiatski entered the History and Philology Department of Homel State University, where he started his literature studies and civil activities. In 1984, Ales Bialiatski received a degree in philology to work as a teacher in Lelchytsy district, Homel region, before being admitted to the post-graduate department of the Literature Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus. In 1984, Ales Bialiatski was called up for military service as an armoured tractor driver in an artillery anti-tank battalion in Sverdlovsk region, Russia. After the army Ales Bialiatski continued his studies, pursuing science, writing and public activities. In 1986, Ales Bialiatski was one of co-founders of the Tuteyshyia Association of Young Writers, and chaired it between 1986 and 1989. He was one of the initiators of the Martyrology of Belarus and joined the organizing committee of the Belarusian Popular Front “Adradzhenne” in 1988. He later worked as the Front’s central office secretary (1996-1999) and deputy chair (1999-2001). Ales Bialiatski was also an applicant of one of the first mass demonstrations “Dziady” in 1988. In 1990, he was a co-founder of the Belarusian Catholic Hramada. Having graduated from the post-graduate department in 1989, Ales Bialiatski refused to defend his dissertation, which was later used as a basis for a book “Literature and Nation” published in 1991. -
Belarus Country Report BTI 2014
BTI 2014 | Belarus Country Report Status Index 1-10 4.31 # 101 of 129 Political Transformation 1-10 3.93 # 99 of 129 Economic Transformation 1-10 4.68 # 90 of 129 Management Index 1-10 2.80 # 119 of 129 scale score rank trend This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2014. It covers the period from 31 January 2011 to 31 January 2013. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of political management in 129 countries. More on the BTI at http://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2014 — Belarus Country Report. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2014. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. BTI 2014 | Belarus 2 Key Indicators Population M 9.5 HDI 0.793 GDP p.c. $ 15592.3 Pop. growth1 % p.a. -0.1 HDI rank of 187 50 Gini Index 26.5 Life expectancy years 70.7 UN Education Index 0.866 Poverty3 % 0.1 Urban population % 75.4 Gender inequality2 - Aid per capita $ 8.8 Sources: The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2013 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2013. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $2 a day. Executive Summary Belarus faced one the greatest challenges of the Lukashenka presidency with the economic shocks that swept the country in 2011. The government’s own policies of politically motivated increases in state salaries and directed lending resulted in a balance of payments crisis, a massive decrease in central bank reserves, a currency crisis as queues formed at banks to change Belarusian rubles into dollars or euros, rampant hyperinflation, a devaluation of the national currency, and a significant drop in real incomes for Belarusian households. -
Protecting Democracy During COVID-19 in Europe and Eurasia and the Democratic Awakening in Belarus Testimony by Douglas Rutzen
Protecting Democracy During COVID-19 in Europe and Eurasia and the Democratic Awakening in Belarus Testimony by Douglas Rutzen President and CEO International Center for Not-for-Profit Law House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia, Energy, and the Environment September 10, 2020 In April, Alexander Lukashenko declared that no one in Belarus would die of coronavirus.1 To allay concerns, he advised Belarussians to drink vodka, go to saunas, and drive tractors.2 In Hungary, Orban took a different approach. He admitted there was COVID-19, and he used this as an excuse to construct a legal framework allowing him to rule by decree.3 Meanwhile, China is using the pandemic to project its political influence. When a plane carrying medical aid landed in Belgrade, the Serbian President greeted the plane and kissed the Chinese flag. Billboards soon appeared in Belgrade, with Xi Jinping’s photo and the words “Thanks, Brother Xi” written in Serbian and Chinese.4 COVID-19 is not the root cause of Lukashenko’s deceit, Orban’s power grab, or China’s projection of political influence. But the pandemic exposed – and in some countries, exacerbated – underlying challenges to democracy. In my testimony, I will summarize pre-existing challenges to democracy. Second, I will examine how COVID-19 combined with pre-existing conditions to accelerate democratic decline in Europe and Eurasia. Third, I will share attributes of authoritarian and democratic responses to the pandemic. I will conclude with recommendations. Pre-Existing Challenges to Democracy According to Freedom House, 2019 marked the 14th year of decline in democracy around the world.5 The “democratic depression” is particularly acute in Eurasia, where the rule of law and freedom of expression declined more than in any other region.6 Indeed, Freedom House classifies zero countries in Eurasia as “free.” ICNL specializes in the legal framework for civil society, particularly the freedoms of association, peaceful assembly, and expression. -
Wednesday, October 14, 2020 Home-Delivered $1.90, Retail $2.20 Kaiti Hill Crawl for Cancer Page 2
TE NUPEPA O TE TAIRAWHITI WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 14, 2020 HOME-DELIVERED $1.90, RETAIL $2.20 KAITI HILL CRAWL FOR CANCER PAGE 2 LOOKING BACK AT OUR ELECTORATE PAGE 5 ‘I’LL JUST GIVE YA A BIG FAT KISS’ WHERE THERE’S A WOOL, THERE’S A WEIGH: Gizzy Shrek goes to the “hairdresser” on Saturday morning at the Poverty Bay Spring Show and a special competition has been created for people to guess the weight of her fleece for cash prizes. Rob Faulkner is pictured with the woolly girl after she was found on Wairakaia Station last month. Gizzy Shrek is to be shorn with hand blades by legendary shearer Peter Casserly. STORY ON PAGE 3 Picture by Liam Clayton PAGE 14 by Andrew Ashton volumes remained flat year- that obtaining finance is not on-year in Gisborne, the an easy process and banks are GISBORNE house prices only region nationally not to taking up to four or five weeks last month hit an all-time increase from the same time for an appointment.” high median of $560,000 and last year. A total of 39 sales were realtors warn even higher However, listings increased completed last month — the RECORD prices are on the way if they 18.5 percent from the same same as September last year. cannot get more stock. time last year, with 64 new The top sale was $1 million Latest data from the Real properties listed in September. for 85 Hamilton Drive — a four- Estate Institute data shows “This is hopefully the first bedroom house in Sponge Bay. -
Joint Statement on the Use of Migrants to Destabilise Lithuania
European Parliament 2019-2024 Delegation for relations with Belarus Joint statement by: the Chair of the Delegation for relations with Belarus, MEP Robert BIEDROŃ, and the European Parliament's Standing Rapporteur on Belarus, MEP Petras AUŠTREVIČIUS on the use of migrants by A. Lukashenka's regime to destabilise Lithuania, and on the latest crackdown on independent journalists, civil society activists and human rights defenders in Belarus Brussels, 15 July 2021 – "We deplore the despicable instrumentalisation of illegal migrants by the Belarusian regime as part of hybrid measures aimed at pressuring the EU in response to its fourth set of restrictive measures. More specifically, a spectacular surge in illegal migrants is being orchestrated by Aliaksandr Lukashenka's acolytes in order to destabilise Lithuania, an EU Member State that has led by example by denouncing widespread human rights violations and providing asylum to many Belarusian opposition figures. At the same time, we strongly condemn the coordinated attacks on prominent civil society activists, human rights defenders and journalists, including police raids, searches of offices and homes, as well as other measures designed to prevent them from revealing the truth about the scale of regime’s crimes. We are deeply concerned that at least twelve non-state media outlets such as Nasha Niva, as well as the Belarusian Association of Journalists, the Association of Belarusians Worldwide 'Batskaushchyna', the Centre for Economic Research (BEROC), the Human Rights Centre 'Viasna' (whose founder, 2020 Sakharov Prize laureate Ales Bialiatski, and Deputy Chairperson Valiantsin Stefanovic, have not been reachable since the police raided their homes) and the Belarusian Helsinki Committee have been targeted by this latest crackdown. -
Final Report. Electoral Campaign-2019 Download
www.pvby.org RIGHT TO CHOOSE-2019 CAMPAIGN on the observation of the election of deputies to the House of Representatives of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus of the 7th Convocation _____________________________________________________________________________ Final report November 21, 2019 KEY CONCLUSIONS 1. No amendments have been introduced into Electoral Code and law enforcement practice since the end of previous election campaign. 2. Same as before, the absence of guarantees enshrined in electoral law for representation of political parties-electoral subjects at the level of election commissions allows for using arbitrary and discriminatory approach towards opposition parties and movements in the process of formation of election commissions. 3. A significant number of members of district commissions (22 persons) and precinct commissions (950 persons) represent political parties that are not involved in the election process. 4. The process of filing appeals against refusals to register MP candidates is a mere formality, since there are no clear criteria for the formation of election commissions. 5. The election campaign is conducted under conditions of constant pressure against opposition candidates. Any and all political slogans are regarded as a violation of Article 47 of the Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus (ECRB). State authorities resort to ongoing censorship of more or less sharp speeches published in the media by interpreting Articles 47 and 75 of the ECRB in an arbitrary way. 6. Opposition candidates -
QA Refunds Over $1.2Bn to Customers Since March
www.thepeninsula.qa Wednesday 19 August 2020 Volume 25 | Number 8354 29 Dhul-Hijja - 1441 2 Riyals BUSINESS | 13 PENMAG | 15 SPORT | 20 Only ‘good’ debt Classifieds Diamond League can save and Services to resume Europe’s section Qatar’s sports economy: Draghi included season Choose the network of heroes Enjoy the Internet QA refunds over $1.2bn to customers since March THE PENINSULA — DOHA passengers. Qatar Airways automation capabilities, with tickets are now valid for two customers being able to request Qatar Airways has paid out over years from the date of issuance. their refund online, from which $1.2bn in refunds to almost Passengers can also choose point it can largely be processed 600,000 passengers since to change their travel date or des- automatically. The airline also March, demonstrating its tination free of charge as often as automated travel voucher commitment to honouring its they need, change their origin to requests, so that passengers were obligations to passengers who another city within the same able to receive a voucher within need to change their plans due country or any other destination 72 hours of requesting it online. to the impact of the COVID-19 on the airline’s network within a In terms of manpower, Qatar pandemic on global travel. 5,000 mile radius of the original, Airways redeployed employees In the context of unprece- exchange their ticket for a future from other areas of the business dented numbers of refund travel voucher worth 110 percent – for example its Cabin Crew requests as airlines and pas- of the original ticket value, or and Ground Services staff – to sengers navigate entry restrictions swap their tickets for Qmiles. -
Qatar Airways Keeps Its Word
INDEX QATAR 2-4,16 COMMENT 14, 15 BUSINESS | Page 1 QATAR | Page 4 ARAB WORLD 6 BUSINESS 1-8 QP enters INTERNATIONAL 6-13 SPORTS 1-8 Qeeri at the exploration DOW JONES QE NYMEX forefront of agreement in Qatar’s solar 27,778.07 9,775.28 42.89 Angola -66.84 +79.96 +0.00 vision -0.24% +0.82% +0.00% Latest Figures published in QATAR since 1978 WEDNESDAY Vol. XXXXI No. 11645 August 19, 2020 Dhul-Hijjah 29, 1441 AH GULF TIMES www. gulf-times.com 2 Riyals Qatar ratifies MP14 to address issue of PSG reach first-ever Champions League final unruly passengers Qatar has become the latest Qatar Airways country to ratify the Montreal Protocol of 2014 (MP14), making it the 23rd country globally and sixth in Africa & the Middle East region to give formal approval to keeps its word; the treaty, the International Air Transport Association has said. MP14, properly named the Protocol to Amend the Convention on Off ences and Certain Other Acts refunds $1.2bn Committed on Board Aircraft, is a global agreement that strengthens the powers of States to prosecute unruly passengers. Page 4 ‘Palestinians not worried to passengers about Israel-UAE deal’ atar Airways has paid out in original, exchange their ticket for a Palestinian President Mahmoud excess of $1.2bn in refunds to future travel voucher worth 110% of Abbas said yesterday that Qalmost 600,000 passengers the original ticket value, or swap their Palestinians were not concerned since March, demonstrating its com- tickets for Qmiles. about the normalisation deal mitment to honouring its obligations Over one third (36%) of Qatar Air- between Israel and the United Arab to passengers who need to change their ways passengers selected one of these Emirates, referring to the accord plans due to the impact of the Cov- options over a refund, the airline said. -
President Alexander Lukashenko Office of the President of the Republic of Belarus E-Mail: [email protected] Fax: +375 17 226 06 10
President Alexander Lukashenko Office of the President of the Republic of Belarus E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +375 17 226 06 10 Alexander Vladimirovich Koniuk Prosecutor General of the Republic of Belarus E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +375 17 226 42 52 24 January 2012 Call for immediate release and rehabilitation of Ales Bialiastki The condemnation of Ales Bialiatski illustrates how seriously threatened freedom of association and freedom of expression are in Belarus. We call upon Belarusian authorities to immediately release and drop all charges against human rights defender Ales Bialiatski; to fully rehabilitate him and to ensure unhampered activities of human rights and other civil society organizations. On January 24, the cassation appeal against the verdict of the Pershamaiski District Court of Minsk, of Ales Bialiatski, Head of the Human Rights Centre “Viasna” in Belarus, Vice-president of the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and one of the founders of the Belarusian Human Rights House in exile, left the sentence against Ales Bialiatski in force: 4.5 years imprisonment in a higher security colony and confiscation of properties. The latter disregards the fact that all the taxes and penalties imposed on Ales Bialiatski have been fully paid by the time of the appeal hearing. On 4 August 2011, Ales Bialiastki was arrested in Minsk. We see Ales Bialiatski’s detention since August 2011 as a direct result of his legitimate activities in defence of human rights in Belarus. On 24 November 2011, Ales Bialiatski was sentenced to 4.5 years imprisonment with the confiscation of his property, including the property registered with other persons, on charges of tax evasion. -
Belarusian Opposition Presidential Candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya
Thank you, Mr. Chairman, Today my country, Belarus, is in turmoil. Peaceful protesters are being illegally detained, beaten, and imprisoned. The protests themselves started after a cynical and blatant attempt by Mr. Lukashenko to steal the votes of the people. The demands of the nation are simple: immediate termination of violence and threats by the regime, immediate release of all political prisoners, and free and fair election. There is only one obstacle to these demands being met. This obstacle is Mr. Lukashenko, a man desperately clinging onto power and refusing to listen to his people and his own state officials. A nation can not and should not be a hostage to one man's thirst for power. And it won't. Belarusians have woken up. The point of no return has passed. This is manifested by now daily demonstrations of hundreds of thousands all across Belarus, despite police brutality and blatant disregard for Belarusian laws and international norms. This is manifested by the strikes across the largest factories and state-owned companies in Belarus, despite intimidation and in some cases unlawful layoffs. This is manifested by all the strata of our society and all the political spectrum demanding the one and the same thing. The regime of Alexander Lukashenko is morally bankrupt, legally questionable and simply untenable in the eyes of our nation. The United Nations was created as a formal body of the whole international community in order to promote and encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all. In 1945 Belarus was one of the founding members of the United Nations. -
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Foreign Affairs Committee Oral evidence: The situation in Belarus and the FCDO’s response, HC 336 Tuesday 15 June 2021 Ordered by the House of Commons to be published on 15 June 2021. Watch the meeting Members present: Tom Tugendhat (Chair); Stewart Malcolm McDonald; Andrew Rosindell; Henry Smith; Royston Smith; Graham Stringer; Claudia Webbe. Questions 1-30 Witnesses I: Victoria Fedorova, Head of Legal Initiative, Belarusian Human Rights NGO, and Professor Philippe Joseph Sands QC, Professor of the Public Understanding of Law, Faculty of Laws at University College London, Samuel and Judith Pisar Visiting Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, and British and French Lawyer at Matrix Chambers. II: Dr Nigel Gould-Davies, Senior Fellow for Russia and Eurasia at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, and Andrius Kubilius MEP, Member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs at the European Parliament. III: Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Leader of the Belarusian Opposition. Examination of witnesses Witnesses: Victoria Fedorova and Professor Philippe Joseph Sands. [Audio loss between 14:32 and 14:37.] Q1 Chair: [Sound loss.] Are you worried about Roman Protasevich and his current detention? Victoria Fedorova: Yes. We believe Roman Protasevich is a hostage of Lukashenka. It is not ethical to discuss or comment on what he says in interviews, because state propaganda used him for a third time to show some kind of—I can’t even comment on those words. First of all, his girlfriend Sofia Sapega was detained with him and criminal charges were also brought against her. Secondly, the regime openly declared that the state will co-operate with the so-called law enforcement bodies of the unrecognised entity that is the Luhansk people’s republic.