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Evaluation of FAO's Cooperation in Somalia 2007 to 2012

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Evaluation of FAO's Cooperation in Somalia 2007 to 2012 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Office of Evaluation Evaluation of FAO’s Cooperation in Somalia 2007 to 2012 Final Report May 2013 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Office of Evaluation (OED) This report is available in electronic format at: http://www.fao.org/evaluation The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. © FAO 2013 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. For further information on this report, please contact: Director, OED Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 1, 00153 Rome, Italy Email: [email protected] ii Table of Contents 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the evaluation ................................................................................. 1 1.2 Scope, approach, methodology & constraints ......................................................... 1 1.2.1 Scope ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2.2 Timing and team ...................................................................................................... 2 1.2.3 Approach and methods ............................................................................................ 2 1.2.4 Constraints............................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Structure of the report ............................................................................................. 5 2. Context .............................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Political context....................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Livelihoods and the economy ................................................................................. 8 2.3 Humanitarian crisis ............................................................................................... 10 2.4 The context of international engagement .............................................................. 11 3. An overview of the FAO Somalia programme ............................................................ 13 4. Relevance of the FAO Somalia programme ................................................................ 15 4.1 To the context and needs ....................................................................................... 15 4.1.1 Issues ..................................................................................................................... 15 4.1.2 In the context of failed formal governance ............................................................ 15 4.1.3 Relevance of the livestock, agriculture, and fisheries programmes ...................... 16 4.1.4 Relevance to the context of protracted humanitarian crisis .................................. 18 4.1.5 Flexibility to respond to the changing context ...................................................... 19 4.1.6 Areas that deserve greater attention: urbanisation, natural resource management and nutrition .......................................................................................................... 19 4.2 To government strategy and priorities .................................................................. 20 4.3 To UN programmes and priorities ........................................................................ 22 4.4 To FAO’s corporate framework ............................................................................ 23 5. Programme design and effectiveness ........................................................................... 25 5.1 Programme design and implementation to achieve results ................................... 25 5.1.1 Outline ................................................................................................................... 25 5.1.2 Consultation with stakeholders ............................................................................. 25 5.1.3 Issues re data and analysis that underpin programme design and implementation ............................................................................................................................... 27 5.1.4 Evidence of project logic and the use of logical frameworks ................................ 28 5.1.5 Use of normative products ..................................................................................... 29 5.1.6 Achieving results.................................................................................................... 30 5.1.7 Gaps that once addressed could enhance effectiveness ........................................ 31 5.2 Effectiveness in responding to humanitarian crises, with a particular focus on the famine of 2011 ...................................................................................................... 32 5.3 Coordination.......................................................................................................... 36 5.4 Twin-track approach ............................................................................................. 41 5.5 Advocacy and influencing .................................................................................... 42 6. Effectiveness of FAO’s management and operational systems.................................. 44 6.1 Leadership ............................................................................................................. 44 6.2 Managing a multi-nodal programme from Nairobi............................................... 45 6.3 From project to programme approach ................................................................... 45 6.4 Scaling up and scaling down ................................................................................. 46 6.5 Human resources ................................................................................................... 47 iii 6.6 Remote management, monitoring and evaluation................................................. 48 6.7 Communications management .............................................................................. 53 6.8 Decentralisation from FAO HQ to Nairobi ........................................................... 53 6.9 Re-location of FAO from Nairobi to Somalia ...................................................... 54 6.10 Technical support and knowledge exchange ........................................................ 55 7. Efficiency ........................................................................................................................ 58 7.1 Efficiency of FAO procedures, administration and structures .............................. 58 7.2 Cost effectiveness ................................................................................................. 59 7.3 Resource mobilisation ........................................................................................... 61 8. Connectedness ................................................................................................................ 62 8.1 Capacity-development .......................................................................................... 62 8.2 Sustainability of FAO interventions ..................................................................... 64 8.3 Resilience paradigm and strategy ......................................................................... 65 9. Cross-cutting issues ........................................................................................................ 69 9.1 Gender equality and gender sensitivity ................................................................. 69 9.2 Partnerships and modes of implementation .......................................................... 71 9.2.1 Strategic partnerships............................................................................................ 71 9.2.2 Changing mode of implementation ........................................................................ 72 9.2.3 Implementing partnerships .................................................................................... 72 9.2.4 Public-private partnerships
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