Recognizing Excellence in Practitioner Anthropology
The Praxis Award
Presented biennially by the Washington Association of Professional Anthropologists
The Washington Association of Professional Anthropologists (WAPA) established the Praxis Award for Excellence in the Practice of Anthropology to give recognition to significant, often groundbreaking work performed in government and industry by the discipline’s practitioners in translating anthropological knowledge into action to address their clients’ problems. The award competition, open to all M.A. and Ph.D. level anthropologists, commenced in 1981, was repeated in 1982, and since then has continued on a biennial, odd-numbered year basis. The year 2011 marked the 30th anniversary and the 17th competition of the Praxis Award. Compiled by Amy Carattini and Charles Cheney.
Washington Association of Professional Anthropologists PO Box 34684 Washington, DC 20043-4684 wapadc.org [email protected]
Table of Contents
1981 ...... 1 1982 ...... 5 1983 ...... 9 1985 ...... 11 1987 ...... 14 1989 ...... 17 1991 ...... 19 1993 ...... 20 1995 ...... 22 1997 ...... 23 1999 ...... 25 2001 ...... 27 2003 ...... 28 2005 ...... 30 2007 ...... 31 2009 ...... 33 2011 ...... 35 2013 ...... 36 2015 ...... 39 2017…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..41 Recipient Index...... 44 1981
Winner: James D. Wherry awareness of self-help/mutual aid, and 5) developed an information exchange system Client: Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians, enabling groups, potential participants, Maine professionals, and social agencies to learn of each other’s existence, needs, activities, and Maliseet Federal Recognition locations. Project
James D. Wherry combined genealogical, Honorable Mention: Thomas F. King ethnographic, and and Patricia L. Parker ethnohistorical data with a thorough Client: Government of the Trust Territory of knowledge of the the Pacific Islands contemporary Maliseet sociopolitical system and Bureau of Indian Intercultural Mediation at Truk Affairs federal regulations to obtain federal International Airport and state recognition for the 350 members of the Houlton Band of Maliseet of Maine. His The government of the Trust Territory of the efforts also helped enable the Houlton Band Pacific Islands planned to expand its airport in establish eligibility to share in the Maine Truk, an island group in the central Caroline Indian Land Claim, which yielded them Islands. The people of the two villages $900,000 to purchase trust land. adjacent to the area targeted for construction objected: They feared the project would
destroy traditional fishing areas and important cultural landmarks, as well as take Honorable Mention: Leonard land and food resources for which the villagers Borman felt they would not be properly compensated. As a result, the government faced increasing Clients: Self-Help Groups, Small-Scale civil disobedience and threats of litigation by Voluntary Organizations, Private and Public the villagers. Anthropologists served as Agencies, Professionals, and the Media mediators between the parties in the confrontation. Establishment of the Self-Help Center in
Evanston, Illinois
Leonard Borman’s project 1) helped those Honorable Mention: Charlotte I. Miller who wished to establish self-help groups or and clearinghouses in their regions, 2) assisted Hector those involved in self-help groups in such Martinez areas as leadership, group development, network formation, and fostering effective Client: United States Agency for International relations between the groups and appropriate Development professional agencies, 3) expanded knowledge about self-help groups regarding their origins, Social Soundness Analysis, Central Selva reasons for development, ways individuals Natural Resources Management Project, become involved, group processes, and Peru impact, 4) published and distributed materials designed for the public and professional
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This project involved the investigation of two broad questions: 1) Has the population of the region already reached a level where a substantial influx of new colonists would place Honorable Mention: Kevin Preister and the undue stress on the carrying capacity of the Foundation for Urban and Neighborhood land? and 2) Does the project area qualify as a Development potential “breadbasket” for Peru, as is believed by a number of key policy makers? Miller and Clients: Hospital Builders Equipment and Martinez viewed their goal as conducting a Colorado Joint Review Process useful study while involving all the concerned groups in the research design and fieldwork Issue-Centered Social Impact phases in order to mitigate in-group versus Assessment out-group conflict. The proposal to develop Adam's Rib
Recreational Area in Colorado was made in the context of important physical and economic Honorable Mention: Joseph Nalven and changes that were already having profound Community Research Associates: social consequences. The project was first Michael M. English and David M. proposed in 1972, but for a number of reasons Fetterman it became bogged down in controversy. Hospital Builders Equipment (HBE) re- Client: San Diego County Board of Supervisors activated the proposal in late 1979. The developer and the responsible agencies Measuring the Unmeasurable: a agreed that the project would be reviewed Microregional Study of an Undocumented under the auspices of the Colorado Joint Population Review Process. This process was developed by the state to coordinate the review of major Beginning in 1974, the Board of Supervisors of development projects among the various San Diego County, California, wanted to know responsible agencies and government levels more about the numbers and impacts of for the purpose of avoiding the duplication of undocumented international immigrants efforts and the delays characteristic of within the boundaries of their county, which development decisions. Participation in the borders Mexico. Despite two in-house studies review process was voluntary, and the existing (1975, 1977) and a resolution calling for legal authority of each entity was not legislative action, the Board had been unable superseded. This model was later used to to convince the federal government to provide review major mining and oil shale projects.
special impact funds to deal with the costs incurred by the county due to the presence of undocumented immigrants. With the impending visit of the Congressional Select Honorable Mention: Mary G. Rust Commission on Immigration and Refugee Client: Bureau of City Planning, Tampa, Florida Policy to the West Coast in June 1980, the Board decided to have another impact study Introduction of a Human Services conducted that it could present to the select Element into the Local Comprehensive Plan commission along with, and in support of, the Board’s own policy recommendations. This The goal of the project was to introduce a time the supervisors wanted an outside group human services element into the local to conduct the research: Their goal was to comprehensive plan of the Bureau of City have a scientifically defensible study with Planning in Tampa, Florida. Rust worked to which to advocate for the local community integrate human services by utilizing the perspective.
2 | P a g e natural pattern of organization (i.e., networks) Clients: Navajo Area Office of the Indian Health that characterized human service Service and Other Federal, State, and Tribal organizations. She succeeded in drawing Agencies together those segments that reflected shared concerns about particular needs within the Federal Joint Use Area Relocation: Applying community to promote sharing information, Clinical Anthropology in a Troubled conducting research, and planning Situation cooperatively. Public Law 93-531 mandated that
approximately 10,000 Navajos would have to relocate from 900,000 acres of reservation Honorable Mention: Richard Scaglion land in northeastern Arizona. The anthropologist had three objectives. First, he Client: Papa New Guinea’s Law Reform had to gather data on problems experienced Commission by relocatees and potential relocatees, including difficulties with relocation housing, Customary Law Development in Papua issues in adjusting to off-reservation New Guinea relocation homes, difficulties caused by mandatory livestock reduction in Federal Joint Papua New Guinea is well known for its Use Areas (FJUAs), and problems arising from cultural diversity. In a country of some three a freeze on new construction in the FJUA, as and one-half million people, there are at least well as stress caused by continuing Hopi- 750 mutually unintelligible languages and Navajo lawsuits and uncertainty generated by probably about a thousand different new regulations and modifications of the customary legal systems. Amid such diversity, relocation law. Second, he had to assess the would it be possible to uncover basic legal possible needs of relocatees and potential principles common to all these Melanesian relocatees for services of the Navajo Area societies? If so, could the essence of Office of the Indian Health Service (NAIHS) Melanesian customary law, which functions mental health clinics. And, finally, he had to smoothly in small-scale tribal societies, be provide consultation to NAIHS and other reconciled with the requirements of a modern federal, state, and tribal agencies on reducing nation-state? To investigate these issues on a potential negative impacts of relocation to long-term basis, the Papua New Guinea manageable proportions. Topper’s broad role government established a Law Reform required the employment of a range of Commission as a constitutional body. The traditional and applied anthropological skills. commission hoped that some of the problems with the interim legal system could be resolved through this project that designed and used an ongoing research strategy to Honorable Mention: M.G. Trend and J. W. gather information on customary law patterns Frees of different tribes, analyze the data, identify problem areas, and help create draft Client: Employment and Training legislation designed to alleviate such Administration, United States Department of problems. Labor
The Evaluation of the Minnesota Work Equity Project Honorable Mention: Martin D. Topper The purpose of the evaluation of the Minnesota Work Equity Project was to test a
3 | P a g e new approach for reducing welfare those of existing service programs, including dependency among populations served by the the Work Incentive, General Assistance Work Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Programs, and Comprehensive Employment General Assistance, and Food Stamps and Training Act. The evaluation project programs. To do this, a coordinated “bundle” utilized economic, survey, and anthropological of services was to be provided by a state techniques. agency. The services included counseling, training in vocational programs, on-the-job ⋘⋙ training, and subsidized jobs. The experimental program was unusual in the Praxis Award Directors: Robert Wulff, Shirley variety of clients it served and the rich mix of Fiske, and Carole Tyson services rendered in an essentially mandatory program. The challenge was to document this Jurors: Erve Chambers, Mary Elmendorf, comprehensive project as it was implemented Ruthann Knudson, Fred Richardson, Janet at several sites and to compare outcomes with Schreiber, and Sol Tax
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Winner: Gerald F. Murray framework that included a better understanding of social and cultural behavior. Clients: Pan American Development
Foundation and United States Agency for International Development Honorable Mention: Judith R. Haitian Agro-Forestry Outreach Project Davidson
Murray designed and administered the Clients: United States Agency for International project, which succeeded in convincing Development and Ministry of Health of Peru Haitian peasants to reforest their lands by giving them ownership over the newly planted The Delivery of Rural Reproductive trees. The notion was met with enthusiasm, Medicine in Peru and in less than a year, 2500 peasant households in more than a hundred Davidson completed a client-oriented communities planted over one million trees. evaluation of the national midwife training program in Peru which provided solutions to
the problem of training indigenous health providers. In Peru, instruction of traditional Honorable Mention: Margaret S. Boone birth attendants (TBAs) in Western techniques of maternity care had been going Clients: Units of Federal and Local on sporadically since 1945. In 1979 TBA Government, National Science Foundation, training became a national priority and Children’s Defense Fund training courses were set up in all of Peru’s 16 health regions. Resources for TBA training Practicing Socio-Medicine: Redefining the were an important segment of the United Problem of Infant Mortality in Washington, States Agency for International Development D.C. (USAID) investment of over $17 million provided to the Peruvian Ministry of Health Boone conducted research and public (MOH) for the promotion of community health liaison/action on the sociocultural causes and in rural and semi-urban populations. The prevention of infant mortality. In Washington, MOH measured the success of the program by D.C., babies were dying in their first years of the numbers of patients treated by trained life at the highest rate for any large American TBAs, but it did not consider TBAs' reactions city, and nobody could figure out why. The to the training course or the patients' reaction Mayor's Blue Ribbon Committee on Infant to the trained TBAs as important determinants Mortality actively reviewed the city's policies of program outcome. The USAID project and programs for pregnant women. This included the grassroots reaction to the project on the infant mortality problem was program in designing its evaluation. funded separately by the National Science Foundation, so it was first and foremost a scientific research project. However, it also included a strong effort to make research results known to political participants. The result was a shift in the definition of the infant mortality problem away from a strictly medical model and toward a broader
5 | P a g e Honorable Mention: George S. Esber perception, and the acquisition of knowledge about Swazi ethnomedical theory and Client: Tonto Apache Indians of Payson, practice. Arizona
Designing Apache Homes with Apaches Honorable Mention: Michael M. Horowitz and the Institute for Development Native Americans, since the time of first Anthropology contact, have listened to unsolicited opinions about their homes and been subject to Anglo Clients: United States Agency for International attempts to change their living conditions. Development, World Bank, and Food and The U.S. government has continued to judge Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Native American homes unilaterally as inadequate and/or substandard and to pursue Development of Pastoral Livestock policies to re-house Native Americans in Production Systems in Africa and the Near Anglo-style housing. This approach has been East followed without regard for Native American needs as dictated by cultural traditions or the This project was concerned with the architectural designs necessary to development of pastoral livestock production accommodate them. Rarely have Native systems in Africa and the Near East. Goals Americans even been queried about their included: 1) conducting a series of workshops preferences for house types. The goal of the both in the United States and Africa involving Payson Project was to correct this problem by pastoral livestock specialists, donor honoring Indian self-determination with organization officers, and African government respect to the home and community design for officials who are responsible for the a new Tonto Apache camp. implementation of livestock development projects, 2) writing a series of discussion and
policy papers highlighting the importance of an anthropological contribution in the Honorable Mention: Edward C. Green livestock development planning process, and 3) making select field investigations to inform Clients: United States Agency for International project personnel on ways in which project Development and Swaziland Ministry of performance might be improved and to Health indicate the relevance of social anthropological field data in livestock The Planning of Health Education development planning. Strategies in Swaziland
The primary purpose of the study was to provide baseline data for the design of a Honorable Mention: William L. Leap national health education strategy aimed at reducing the incidence of waterborne diseases Client: Northern Ute Tribe, Northeastern Utah in Swaziland. The project paper (the main planning document for the project) called for Tribally Controlled Culture Change: The further anthropological contributions: the Northern Ute Language Renewal Project identification of potential human resources for the delivery of health education, the Loss of language skills is always associated designation of traditional opinion leaders and with losses in other areas of social and cultural informal communications networks, the life, and replacements for such details, identification of patterns of visual literacy and
6 | P a g e regardless of their emotional appeal, may not Government of Botswana had invited the U.S. always restore continuity or stability within foreign assistance arm, the United States these cultural domains. The problem at issue Agency for International Development in this project was twofold: Ute language loss (USAID), to help. USAID in turn asked the and the need to effectively counteract it. Leap Cooperative Housing Foundation to provide helped to restore Ute language fluency by technical assistance in arriving at a solution to integrating tribal priorities/institutions with the rapid urban growth problem. The result of structural and social linguistics. This project this collaborative effort was the development offers an example of ways in which responses and successful completion of an innovative, to losses in language and cultural tradition can self-help urban shelter and community- be effectively implemented. upgrading program. This program accommodated the housing demand of a
growing population of squatters who were illegally occupying land in shanty structures Honorable Mention: Stephen C. Maack they built on the fringes of Botswana's towns. It also met that demand in such a way that the Client: St. Paul Planning, St. Paul, Minnesota houses and public facilities and services developed under the program were adapted to St. Paul Displacement Study the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of low-income Botswana families. In this project, Maack used qualitative and quantitative measurement and public dissemination of the socioeconomic impacts of residential displacement caused by inner city Honorable Mention: Allen C. Turner revitalization. The displacement study detailed how many St. Paul residents were Clients: Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians in displaced between 1970 and 1979, what their Arizona and United States Department of social characteristics were, the causes of their Housing and Urban Development displacement, where they went, and what data trends suggested for the future. The Kaibab-Paiute Community Research and Development Program
Turner created a comprehensive community Honorable Mention: John P. Mason planning process on the Kaibab Paiute reservation that maximized citizen Clients: United States Agency for International participation amid cross-cultural and intra- Development and Botswana Ministry of Local community conflicts. The tribal council lacked Government and Lands participation on the part of the community members; community members felt left out of Promoting Socioculturally Feasible decision-making. Part of the challenge was to Housing and Community Upgrading design a planning process that would Programs in Botswana maximize citizen participation in a small-scale community with fluctuating composition and Mason created a demonstration program to population and one in which factional dispute illustrate the mesh of technical, social, and seemed to be the basis for decision-making. financial elements needed for the successful Substantive problems identified and production of self-help housing in Botswana. subsequently addressed through Urban growth in Botswana in the mid-to-late comprehensive community planning included 1970s was proceeding at a very high rate of 12 constructing adequate housing for all percent. To respond to this situation, the reservation residents, providing sufficient safe
7 | P a g e water to all homes, redesigning the entire village for future growth, and improving the nature and quality of health care.
⋘⋙
Praxis Award Directors: Robert Wulff and Shirley Fiske
Jurors: Erve Chambers, Annetta Cheek, George Foster, Setha Low, and James Wherry
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Winner: Rebecca Hagey sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development. The Client: Native Canadian Friendship Centre, anthropological contribution has been to Toronto, Canada study farming systems of small scale, limited- resource agricultural producers in LDCs that Native Diabetes Education Program are highly dependent on sorghum and millet for food.
Hagey conducted participatory action research on diabetes in the native community, which led to the establishment of the Honorable Mention: Edward C. Green aboriginal community health centre. Native peoples of the Americas have been recognized Client: Swaziland Ministry of Health as having the highest incidence and prevalence of diabetes in the world. The Developing Cooperation between the Native Diabetes Program was faced with the Traditional and Modern Health Sectors in task of changing native attitudes and Swaziland responses to the disease, as diagnosis was believed to trigger separation from spouse, job This project consolidated previous research abandonment, drinking problems among findings and collected further information in those who previously drank moderately or not order to provide Swaziland’s Ministry of at all, difficulties with the law, and rapid onset Health with an assessment of 1) manpower in of physical complications of diabetes. The the traditional health sector, 2) the areas and means of changing beliefs and attitudes and of extent of cooperation possible between the preventing complications was to set up a self- traditional and modern health sectors, with help diabetes education and research center special reference to diarrhoeal diseases, 3) the and draw on cultural strengths in the Ojibway extent to which alternative systems are and Cree heritage. developing for the consumer, with special reference to the influence of traditional
healers in areas where there are Rural Health Motivators, 4) legislation, customary law, and Honorable Mention: Billie R. DeWalt, government policy regarding traditional Kathleen DeWalt, and Edward C. Reeves healing and healers, 5) possibilities for the development of a National Traditional Client: United States Agency for International Healer’s Association, and the role of Development government in promoting, monitoring, and liaising with such an association, 6) the The International Sorghum/Millet potential for the paraprofessional training of Research Project certain types of traditional healers, and 7) additional information needed in the area of Sorghum and millet are important food grains traditional healing. in many lesser developed countries (LDCs); yet the socioeconomic constraints on their production and use are poorly understood. In this project, a group of economic and Honorable Mention: Stanley E. Hyland and ecological anthropologists based at the the Center for Voluntary Action University of Kentucky conducted a Research multilateral agricultural research project
9 | P a g e Client: 1981 Memphis Jobs Conference other Pomoan tribelets had continued to utilize the project area for collecting plants Linkage Building for Neighborhood used for economic, ritual, and medicinal Development in Memphis, Tennessee purposes. Of special importance was that Pomoan basket weavers still selectively This project developed a linkage system harvested and made extensive use of rhizomes between neighborhood-based organizations, (reproductive roots) from a certain species of intermediate agencies (both public and sedge (Carexbarbarae) found within the private), and the business community. The project area. The Corps' challenge was to find linkage was achieved through open meetings alternative sources of the plant materials and specific invitations. In addition, Hyland and/or to establish the plants in new locations. and the Center for Voluntary Action Research
(CVAR) took the neighborhood development goal to other agencies, groups, and vested interests. In the linkage process, CVAR Honorable Mention: Robert T. Trotter developed a methodology where information could be exchanged, and then gaps in Clients: Sunrise Community Health Center, information could be identified and addressed Greeley, Colorado, and a Private Corporation by Memphis State University anthropology faculty and students through CVAR or through A Case of Lead Poisoning from Folk public agencies. In effect, the approach to Remedies in Mexican American solving the client’s problems was to quickly Communities move away from a single agent approach as well as to negotiate with a variety of vested Three sources of lead poisoning most interest groups at each step of the commonly affect children in the United States: neighborhood development process. eating lead-based paint chips, living and playing near smelters where even the dust
contains elevated levels of lead, and eating off of improperly treated lead-glazed pottery. Honorable Mention: Richard Lerner This project resulted from the anthropologist’s discovery of a fourth source Client: United States Army Corps of Engineers of lead poisoning among children: ingestion of the high lead content powder sazarcón Preserving Plants for Pomos (orange) and greta (yellow) used in Mexican American communities to treat the folk illness The 1969 National Environmental Policy Act empacho, manifested by abdominal requires both the government and the private discomfort and diarrhea. Trotter’s objective sector to "preserve important historic, was to develop culturally-sensitive health cultural and natural aspects of our national awareness materials that would reduce the heritage, and maintain, wherever possible, an risk of people consuming these powders environment which supports diversity and without attacking or denigrating the folk variety of individual choice." To meet this medical system itself. requirement, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers sponsored cultural investigations in ⋘⋙ association with the planning of a large dam and reservoir. Although not recognized by its Praxis Award Directors: Robert Wulff and initial studies, the Corps' later cultural Shirley Fiske surveys, which included ethnographic and ethnohistorical research, determined that Jurors: Steven Barnett, Jean Schensul, and Mihilakawna, Makahmo, and descendants of Dorothea Theodoratus
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1985
Co-Winner: Julianne Duncan weatherization project was to redesign the delivery of an existing program to more Client: Catholic Community Services of effectively meet the needs of low-income Tacoma, Washington Memphis communities.
Developing Foster Care for Cambodian Orphans in Tacoma Honorable Mention: Virginia Lee Barnes- The goal of this project was to develop a foster Dean care program with related services for Cambodian orphans entering the United States Client: International Rescue Committee from refugee camps in Southeast Asia. By the time of their departure from the foster care Diagnosis of Scurvy in Lower Gedo, Somali, program, youths should be economically self- Refugee Camps in 1982 sufficient. Duncan used Cambodian cultural norms and worldviews as a basis for helping The International Rescue Committee (IRC) is a the orphans to build successful lives in small, non-profit refugee assistance America. Emphasis was placed on using the organization formed in 1933. Barnes-Dean excellent local educational and health was hired to go to Somalia and see what the resources and on developing program IRC could contribute to the healthcare of elements for helping the children overcome refugee camp inhabitants. Her project the traumatic emotional effects of their loss of concerned the diet of the refugees and its family and culture during their war and relative adequacy in protein, calories, and migration experiences. Cambodian ritual and vitamins A and C. Because the only vitamin C- curing experts were major resources as well. containing part of the diet was dates/raisins, all of which were stolen before food deliveries
reached the camp, IRC staff administered vitamin C. However, when they explained they Co-Winner: Stanley E. Hyland had conducted a trial of administering Vitamin C with aspirin added for the relief of pain, Client: Center for Voluntary Action Research, Barnes-Dean made the successful diagnosis of Memphis State University, Memphis, scurvy, noting that while aspirin would relieve Tennessee the pain of afflicted individuals, as an anti- coagulant it would also counteract the Improving Weatherization Services for beneficial nutritional effects of vitamin C. Four Low Income Communities patients were flown to the capital of Mogadishu, where their long bones were x- In response to public criticism of increasing rayed and signs of scurvy and other utility bills, Memphis Light, Gas, and Water syndromes were detected. (MLG&W), like many utility companies, began
to implement energy conservation programs in 1977. However, it did not successfully communicate its programs to its low-income Honorable Mention: Olivia Cadaval, Leslie customers—the population segment most in Prosterman, Nancy Riker, and Brett need of utility assistance. The goal of the Williams Center for Voluntary Action Research
11 | P a g e Client: Mount Pleasant Advisory Honorable Mention: LTG Associates: Neil Neighborhood Commission, Washington, D.C. Tashima, Cathleen Crain, and Fred Gretenhart Mount Pleasant Traditional Arts Workshops Client: Lao Family Community of Fresno, California Washington’s Mount Pleasant neighborhood possessed rich possibilities for becoming a Development of a Southeast Asian Refugee model of racial, economic and cultural Mutual Assistance Association: Bridging integration. Yet, gentrification and the influx of Cultures and Producing Results refugees contributed to increasing tensions in the area. The design of the Mount Pleasant Lao Family Community (LFC) of Fresno Traditional Arts Workshops included process requested LTG Associates to provide technical along with product as part of its mandate. At assistance in assessment, organizational the outset, a community organizer, an development, fund-raising, and short- and anthropologist, and two folklorists leafleted long-term planning. The stated purpose of the and telephoned people in the neighborhood collaboration was to ensure that LFC would and invited interested parties to participate in develop into a competitive service provider, the planning of the events. Over a period of be able to provide appropriate services to the four months, community members became community, and could eventually become active organizers and designers of the project. independent of governmental monies in order
to ensure its survival.
Honorable Mention: Anthony DiBella Honorable Mention: Patricia Mariella Client: Foster Parents Plan International Client: Fort McDowell Indian Community in Establishing an Effective, Expanding Arizona Research Department for a Major International Development Organization Orme Dam Social Impacts
In 1979, Foster Parents Plan International The Fort McDowell tribal council hired (PLAN) had 28 programs in 19 countries, but Mariella as a consultant to monitor the social the organization lacked any means of knowing impact assessment portion of the Orme Dam how effective its programs were or the most and Alternatives Control Study of the Central efficient way to deliver services. Di Bella’s Arizona Water Control Study (CAWCS). The project was to establish a system to monitor proposed Orme Dam to be built by the Bureau and evaluate programs on a worldwide basis. of Reclamation would have flooded most of the The challenge was to create an independent reservation and required the relocation of the yet responsive research bureau that would community members. The tribe opposed the allow International Headquarters to monitor dam. Mariella’s project ensured that the social projects and develop higher quality programs impact assessment portion of the CAWCS was with greater impact while also meeting daily thorough and accurate, and it assisted the requests from field staff for consultation on tribe in effectively presenting the reasons for various research and program design tasks, its opposition to the proposed dam to the non- such as conducting baseline studies and Indian public and key decision-makers. identifying cultural barriers to development. Honorable Mention: Corinne Shear Wood
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Clients: Centre for Maori Studies and Research, University of Waikato, New Zealand, The Status and Potential of the Fruit and and a Community of Maori People Vegetable Market in the Kentucky Bluegrass Region Introduction of Health Self-Help in a Maori Population With the loss of price supports threatened by the Reagan Administration and increased The goals of the project were several: 1) to competition from Third World producers of alleviate a situation in which Maori people tobacco, farmers in Kentucky were searching were suffering decreased life expectancy as for an alternative to that crop. While the well as unnecessary morbidity due to state’s climate is favorable for most crops, its inadequate utilization of existing medical hilly topography limits the economies of scale facilities; 2) to reinstill in the indigenous necessary for some. Additionally, the market population a sense of its own work; and 3) to infrastructure for fruits and vegetables in propose a facility acceptable to the Maori Kentucky is severely underdeveloped. The people and likely to receive some support purpose of this project was to assess interest from established government agencies. in and the potential for developing a market for fruits and vegetables in the Kentucky
Bluegrass Region.
Honorable Mention: Grace Zilverberg and ⋘⋙ Anita Courtney Praxis Award Directors: Robert Wulff, Shirley Clients: Lexington-Fayette Urban County Vice- Fiske, and Charles Cheney Mayor Pam Miller, the Fayette County Health Department, and the Kentucky State Jurors: Carol Stack, Gwen Stern, Hazel Department of Agriculture Weidman, and John van Willigen
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Winner: Robert E. Rhoades Bureau’s Center for Survey Methods Research and collaborated with Ogilvy & Mather’s David Client: International Potato Center, Lima, Peru Ward, and together they enlisted the aid of two ethnographers, Camilo Garcia (UCLA) and Agricultural Anthropology at the Peter Hainer (Curry College), to help them International Potato Center understand how to design advertising strategies for minority communities. Garcia Rhoades developed a farming systems conducted interviews and observational research model through an alternative studies among Hispanics in Los Angeles and approach to solving farm-level technological eastern Washington State assessing barriers problems that begins and ends with the to Census credibility and offering suggestions farmer. Early in the process, tests involving for the kinds of messages that might overcome new plants, animals and technologies are them. Hainer carried out parallel fieldwork researcher managed with the cooperation of and interviews with low-income Black the farmers. Later, the experimental program families in Boston and prepared a report is managed by the farmers. The on-farm stressing the real risks that respondents could experiment stage improves the researchers’ run by reporting actual behavior and the understanding of the farming system and factors that might influence their decisions on increases the integration of the farmer into the whether to report or suppress the counting of research process. The testing phase certain family members. Because Garcia and emphasizes the evaluation of technical Hainer worked with informants who knew improvements in an area under farmer and trusted them, the ethnographers were control, and it is geared toward fine-tuning the able to provide Ogilvy & Mather with useful technology in response to farmer needs, findings that informed their promotional plan constraints, and management practices. with regard to (1) negative perceptions of
advertising and Census Bureau behaviors that could impede accurate counting in minority communities, (2) minority community beliefs, Honorable Mention: Joan M. Campbell attitudes and behaviors that bore on relative willingness to participate, and (3) campaign- Project client, title, and abstract not recorded. associated images, language or persons likely to elicit cooperation. The richness of the Honorable Mention: Peter C. Hainer, Camilo ethnographic data gave the Ogilvy & Mather Garcia, David Ward, and Catherine Hines staff a sense of working directly with real people and issues, and the project was able to Client: United States Bureau of the Census effectively demonstrate the value of ethnography to the Census Bureau. Using Ethnographic Research to Design
Advertising Strategies for the 1990 Census
In 1987, the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Honorable Mention: Robert D. Hicks working with the advertising agency Ogilvy & Mather, sought to develop a national Client: Virginia Department of Criminal Justice promotional campaign for the 1990 Decennial Services Census that would increase minority participation in the ten-year count. Catherine Time Crime: Protecting the Past for Future Hines directed this effort from the Census Generations
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presentations to the Illinois Department on The investigation of looting poses serious Aging and via a range of publications and challenges for law enforcement officers. In presentations to professional groups at Virginia, without an archeologist’s assistance, national, state and local conferences. Several an officer would find it very difficult to process book chapters based on the study were a crime scene or present a case for published. prosecution, since an archeologist is needed to describe what has been disturbed, vandalized, or recovered, as well as to make a value assessment of on-site damage or of recovered Honorable Mention: Linda L. Lampl looted artifacts. Therefore, the Virginia Department of Historic Resources and the Client: Gulf & South Atlantic Fisheries Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Foundation, Tampa, Florida services produced a model policy on the theft of historical resources, and Hicks Fishing, Economics and Politics in the Gulf implemented a training program called “Time Waters of Florida Crime” that acquainted law enforcement officers with the looting problem, reviewed In the wake of the mid-1980s culinary craze applicable state and federal laws, and outlined for New Orleans-style blackened redfish, an investigative protocol modeled closely on public alarm was generated by media accounts federal procedures honed through of commercial fishermen dangerously prosecutions. As a result of the training, many depleting the Gulf of Mexico’s previously investigations occurred, and increasing abundant supply of that species by overfishing numbers of consultations between officers with dragnets, and sports columnists claimed and archeologists took place. Virginia’s that commercial fishermen were taking all of example demonstrates that, despite the redfish and thereby threatening Florida’s differences between state and federal laws, recreational fishing industry and its important investigative methods developed through contribution to the state’s economy. With a cases in other states can be adapted to local background of ethnography among the circumstances, and anti-looting laws that go commercial fishing families of Florida’s Pine unenforced owing to lack of knowledge can be Island, Lampl undertook participant- revived if local law enforcement officers are observation and government document provided the proper investigative tools and research into the controversy in 1986, and the encouraged to use them. following year, in the face of marked recreational fishing industry hostility, she
dissemination information via television and print media, as well as through testimony to Honorable Mention: Madelyn Anne Iris the Governor’s cabinet, that countered the inaccurate rapacious portrayals of commercial Client: Metropolitan Chicago Coalition on fishermen and noted that the records revealed Aging that in fact they took only 12 percent of the annual redfish catch, as against 88 percent by Research and Policy Contributions in the recreational fishermen. Nonetheless, the Study and Treatment of Elderly Abuse economically-powerful recreational fishing industry prevailed in the Florida legislature, Iris carried out a two-year ethnographic study which banned net fishing in the state’s waters, of the implementation of a project concerning thus dooming the livelihood and lifeway the identification and treatment of elder abuse known to generations of Florida’s coastal in north suburban Cook County. She then fishing families. disseminated the research findings through
15 | P a g e
that the consumers conducted more extensive data collection and analysis than previously Honorable Mention: Lynda L. Layne and documented in the energy literature. Layne Willett M. Kempton and Kempton recommend a more efficient allocation of data collection and analysis New Jersey Gas and Electric Utilities and New between consumers and energy utilities. Jersey Department of Commerce ⋘⋙ Ethnography of Consumer Energy Information Praxis Award Committee: Cathleen Crain (Chair), Fred Gretenhart, John Mason, and Through the conduct of in-depth ethnographic Jessica Scheer interviews, Layne and Kempton learned how New Jersey residential energy consumers Jurors: Conrad Arensberg, Elliot Liebow, measure and analyze their own energy Priscilla Reining, and Susan Scrimshaw consumption and energy costs, and they found
16 | P a g e 1989
Winner: Michael R. Dove North Coast of Colombia, which they were disseminating with the Integrated Rural Client: United States Agency for International Development program of the Government of Development Colombia. After a year of research among farmers and government functionaries The Anthropological Component in Pakistan (financed by a Rockefeller post-doc Forestry and Development fellowship), the results came in: The main limitation on spreading the technology was The purpose of the first large social forestry the cost of technical assistance, not the project in Pakistan was the development of an expense of the cassava processing technology effective extension service to help rural itself. The extension effort was being carried households become self-sufficient in fuel, out by government and international experts, timber and fodder. Dove’s task, as project who taught farmers about the technology and, anthropologist, was to help the forest service more importantly, helped them start and identify and communicate with the intended maintain farmer organizations. The lessons clientele, who were to be the farmers with drawn from the research were to build on small holdings. It was thought that they were technical success by providing more efficient unwilling to plant trees. Field research and effective technical assistance at lower cost revealed, however, that it was not farmer using mechanisms like mixing farmer-to- aversion that was the obstacle, but rather the farmer technical assistance with government aversion of foresters to working with small extension, reliance on easy-to-form farmers. As a result, Dove shifted part of his associations (rather than legalistic emphasis from communicating forestry cooperatives), appropriate use of second- technology to farmers to communicating order organizations with a segmentary farmers’ attitudes and needs to foresters, and structure (as observed by anthropologists), from motivating farmers to plant trees to correct siting of farmer organizations by using motivating foresters to help farmers plant both natural and social geographic data in trees. This project’s lesson was that the object geographic information systems (GIS), etc. of development, the small farmer, is by no Next, CIAT provided seed finance to try means the only—or often even the major— applying these lessons in coastal Ecuador. obstacle to development. Efficient farmer organizations, farmer-to- farmer technology transfer with Ministry
extensionists, use of GIS, etc., all contributed to the founding of profitable farmer Runner-Up: Steven A. Romanoff organizations at low cost. Further, the second- order Union of Associations of Cassava Client: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Producers and Processors proved viable, and Tropical two women's groups joined in.
Anthropology Helps Small-Scale Farmers Establish Organizations to Process and Sell Cassava in Coastal Ecuador Honorable Mention: Madelyn Anne Iris
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical Client: Illinois Protective Service Coalition (CIAT) asked for research on factors limiting the spread of its post-harvest technology for Guardianship of Older Adults processing cassava among farmers on the
17 | P a g e Based on an ethnographic evaluation of a Honorable Mention: LTG Associates: Cathleen model program for low-income Chicago Crain and Niel Tashima elderly, Iris documented her efforts to increase professional awareness of and Client: Southeast Asian Refugee Community knowledge about the Illinois guardianship Leadership, Orange County, California system. She also analyzed more than 600 judicial decisions in elderly guardianship in Development of an Effective Immigrant Illinois. Iris then applied her extensive Community Development Organization findings in working as a consultant to the Steering Committee of the Illinois Protective LTG was requested to provide assistance in Service Coalition and in helping to launch a the design and development of a mental health National Guardianship Association. service program adapted to the cultural and linguistic needs of recently arrived Southeast
Asian immigrants and refugees in Orange County, California. The project evolved to the Honorable Mention: Hope L. Isaacs, Claire point where the goal of the consultation Gulino, Mary Anne Sweeney, and Mary Ann became rendering technical assistance and Small guidance to the leadership so that a free- standing, non-profit service entity Client: United States-Mexico Border Health representing all Southeast Asian refugee Association groups in Orange County would emerge as a viable organization. The result of this effort Promotion of Breast-Feeding Practices in a was a community development corporation: Binational Population The Orange County Community Resources Opportunity Project. Following its A team of American and Mexican establishment, this corporation provided vital anthropologists and nurses identified key social services to thousands of county refugees factors involved in widespread inadequate and immigrants—and served as a model for feeding methods and associated health other programs across the United States. problems of infants of first-time Hispanic mothers in the San Diego-Tijuana border area. ⋘⋙ These problems were addressed through the use of culturally-relevant computer-based Praxis Award Committee: Leslie Ann educational interactive programs installed in Brownrigg and Cathleen Crain (Co-Chairs), maternal-child health clinics on both sides of Gerald Britan, Muriel Crespi, and Ruth the international border. Landman
Jurors: Lucy Cohen, Katherine Spenser Halperin, Peter Hammond, Twig Johnson, and Priscilla Reining
18 | P a g e 1991
Winner: Michael K. Orbach and Jeffrey C. quantitative and qualitative data about the Johnson issue through participatory observation, mail surveys, and personal interviews. The Clients: Gulf and South Atlantic Fishery program, which required new Florida Development Foundation, National Marine legislation to implement, was actually lobbied Fisheries Service, Florida Sea Grant College for by the stakeholders—commercial, Program, and the State of Florida recreational and environmental. Through this broadly participatory processes, the main goal An Industry-Derived Management Program was reached: The number of traps was for the Florida Spiny Lobster Fishery: An reduced by more than half while the catch Anthropological Approach to Science and remained relatively constant, increasing the Public Policy Making overall profitability of the fishery, reducing conflict, and making the fishery more easily The management of the spiny lobster fishery manageable. in the Florida Keys provided a great example of how an issue of the commons can be ⋘⋙ resolved with the participation of various stakeholders. Orbach and Johnson worked Praxis Award Committee: Leslie Ann with the commercial fishing industry, Brownrigg and Mark Schoepfle (Co-Chairs), recreational fishermen, environmental Gerald Britan, Shirley Buzzard, and Claire interests and others to solve the problem of Cassidy having too many traps in the water. With the input of fishermen and other stakeholder Jurors: John Farella, Shirley Fiske, Richard representatives, they gathered a wide range of Stoffle, and Wayne Warry
19 | P a g e 1993
Co-Winner: Diana Briton Putman in facilitating multidisciplinary cooperation throughout the project. Clients: United States Agency for International
Development and Water User Associations in Tunisia Co-Winner: Cathy Small An Anthropological Approach to Policy Reform: The National Strategy for Potable Clients: Individual Artisans, Reservation- Water User Associations in Tunisia Based Cooperatives, and Indian Community Organizers Putman demonstrated the effective use of anthropological methods and theory in Southwest Arts and Artists designing and implementing policy reform efforts. This project for the development of This project, initiated in 1989, sought to the national strategy to create and monitor increase the sales of Native American art from water user associations in Tunisia was Northern Arizona in both domestic and developed during a two-week period from overseas markets. Its aims were to increase February 5 to 16, 1990, by a United States the income that Native American artisans Agency for International Development received from their (USAID) team representing Water and work (particularly Sanitation for Health, during the slow winter Irrigation Support months), to educate Project for Asia and the buying public the Near East, and about Native art and Systems Approach to artisans, and to Regional Income and promote the Sustainable Resource establishment of local, Assistance. It was Indian-owned entities initiated by the for the production, USAID/Tunisia marketing, and sale of Mission and built on Indian art. Project USAID/Tunisia's results included the creation of domestic and ongoing support for improving rural water overseas craft catalogs, generation of income supplies in Tunisia. Since1986, USAID had for more than 70 artists, production of a 25- provided support for the Rural Potable Water minute documentary video on Southwest Institutions Project in Kasserine and North Indian arts and artists, and support of six Gafsa Governorates. One of the objectives of Indian-owned artisan cooperatives or the project was to demonstrate a model for businesses. increasing beneficiary participation that may be appropriate for adoption as a nationwide strategy. Anthropological contributions included a holistic, integrated approach to solving development problems rather than a narrow technical focus, as well as a participatory approach involving local people in the design and implementation of all stages of the work. Anthropologists played key roles
20 | P a g e Special Recognition: ⋘⋙ Dawn Bodo and Ryan Wahlstrom Praxis Award Committee: Ruth Cernea (Chair), Cathleen Crain, Laurie Krieger, Ruth Landman, Video: Of Hands and Ann Leonhardt, and Merrily Stover Hearts: Indian Arts & Artists of the Jurors: Karen Hanson, Jack Marshall, Michael Southwest Orbach, and William Partridge
21 | P a g e 1995
Winner: Edward H. Greeley and Project in collaboration with village elders, made Team: Allison B. Herrick, Rosalie Fanale, detailed drawings of river systems, hunting, Satish Shah, Spencer Silberstein, and Helen fishing and gathering areas, and the locations Soos of medicinal and other forest products. They then joined with University of Panama Clients: United States Agency for International cartographers to use the official government Development and Government of Kenya base maps to construct composite maps. However, the product was a countermap: Design of the Kenya Private Sector Family Place names, river systems, and significant Planning Project local landmarks were all recorded on a master map in the native languages. With the master Greeley and his colleagues employed map in hand, the Darien inhabitants addressed anthropological methodologies in the design a forum in Panama City, and the forum and implementation of the Kenya Private participants induced Panama’s Minister of Sector Family Planning Project, which resulted Government and Justice to officially recognize in widespread adoption of family planning and the importance of indigenous land rights. an unprecedented decline in fertility rates in the region. Locally-based, nongovernmental approaches of the kind pioneered under this early model project were increasingly adopted Special Recognition: Elizabeth Briody and by donor agencies and endorsed by Dawn Bodo governments worldwide. Client: National Association for the Practice of
Anthropology
Honorable Mention: Mac Chapin and Project Anthropologists at Work: Careers Making a Team: Nicanor Gonzalez, William Difference Threlkeld, and Others Anthropologists at Work: Careers Making a Clients: General Congress of the Emberá, Difference is a 36-minute color video Wounaan and Kuna People and Centro de describing a wide variety of anthropological Estudios y Acción Panameño careers. Conceived by members of the National Association for the Practice of Participatory Mapping in the Darien Region Anthropology, a section of the American of Panama Anthropological Association, the video is directed at students and other members of the In order to assist the indigenous people of anthropological community. Its purpose is to Panama’s densely-forested Darien Region to provide up-to-date information on the range protect their land rights from the incursions of of careers associated with all major subfields outsiders, Chapin and the project team of anthropology. recruited a group of “surveyors” from local communities, trained them in land-use Praxis Award Committee: Ruth Cernea (Chair), questionnaire and cartographic techniques, Cathleen Crain, Mari Clark, Laurie Krieger, and and deployed them throughout the region. The Merrily Stover intent was to carry out an ethnocartography in which the local people would create their own Jurors: Michael Agar, Karen Hanson, G. Alfred maps with their own symbols. The surveyors, Hess, Joyce Justice, and John van Willigen
22 | P a g e
1997
Winner: John C. Kolar and Elizabeth M. communities. CDTI was introduced in four Salter local government areas in Oyo State, Nigeria. Using a household survey after the second Client: Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas, distribution, researchers documented that Texas 68.8 percent of the community overall received the drug, as did 85 percent of those Craniofacial Anthropometry who were eligible (not pregnant, not sick, and at least five years of age). In-depth interviews A generation ago, children with congenital with village elders and volunteer community- deformities of the head and face had very little directed distributors, together with focus hope of ever leading a normal life. They were group discussions among villagers, provided rejected by their peers and society in general, qualitative data to help interpret the findings. and within their families they often became Women in many villages felt excluded from withdrawn and isolated. A major stumbling decision making. Also, the concerns of migrant block to the use of craniofacial anthropometry Fulani farm workers living in Yoruba farm has historically been a lack of standardization settlements were not well understood by of measurement techniques, which makes it health staff or the majority population. The difficult to compare results from one main factor associated with receiving the biological anthropologist to another. To ivermectin was having received it before, and address this problem, Kolar and Salter wrote qualitative comments about side-effects and Craniofacial Anthropometry: Practical beliefs about orthodox drugs indicated that Measurement of the Head and Face for Clinical, issues of personal preferences, not addressed Surgical, and Research Use (Springfield, IL: in the household coverage survey, need to be Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1997), which explored further. These findings can provide clearly describes and illustrates the guidance in re-orienting health workers to the anthropometric techniques used by the importance of fostering participation and authors. cohesion among all segments of the community, especially the inclusion of women
and minority groups.
Honorable Mention: William R. Brieger, Sakiru A. Otusanya, Ganiyu A. Oke, Frederick O. Oshiname, and Joshua D. Honorable Mention: Maria Donoso Clark Adeniyi Client: World Bank Client: African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control Tuberculosis Control Project, India
Community-Directed Treatment with The Government of India implemented a new Ivermectin in Oyo State, Nigeria national strategy to arrest the spread of tuberculosis. The World Bank-funded Community-directed distribution with Tuberculosis Control Project used social ivermectin (CDTI) was adopted by the African assessment as an "umbrella" approach to 1) Programme for Onchocerciasis (River collect and analyze the socioeconomic data Blindness) Control as its main strategy for needed for project preparation and design, achieving sustained high coverage in endemic 2)create an innovative strategy for
23 | P a g e stakeholder involvement in project planning Praxis Award Committee: Laurie Krieger and and activities, including a tribal peoples' John Mason (Co-Chairs), Ruth Cernea, Ruth action plan, and 3)develop appropriate social Landman, Rebecca Millerand Lois Keck indicators for the project. Jurors: Names not recorded. ⋘⋙
24 | P a g e 1999
Winner: Virginia D. Nazarea unworkable cross-culturally. It therefore funded this project carried out by Trotter and Clients: International Potato Center's Asia a research team composed of members from Regional Office in Los Baños, Philippines, the the United States, Canada, Turkey, India, Southern Seed Legacy Program, and the Germany, and Sweden. A variety of Sustainable Agriculture Research and anthropological and linguistic approaches and Education Program, United States Department theories were used to develop and refine of Agriculture categories more applicable cross-culturally. Among them were (1) a translation-back The Memory Banking Project translation process backed by linguistic analysis of key terms; (2) a pile-sorting The international genetic resources technique developed in cognitive community has developed an elaborate anthropology to determine classification network of gene banks to preserve biological structure; (3) a concept mapping technique to diversity for use by plant breeders. The allow for individual item analysis of cultural "memory banking" project, formulated in the sensitivity, gender and age bias, place in context of an International Potato Center classification, and need for inclusion; and (4) Asian network and later extended to the focus group interviews. southern United States and Ecuadorian Andes, has successfully complemented these germplasm efforts by introducing the practical importance of also preserving the cultural Special Recognition: Shirley Buzzard and knowledge of traditional peoples who are the Heartland International Team original in situ biodiversity curators. The complexity and challenge facing the memory Clients: Various Businesses and Non-Profit banking project lay in developing a protocol by Organizations which traditional knowledge could complement biological information, The Corporate Community Investment convincing biological scientists of the value of Service such knowledge, and then extending the protocol methodology to real world situations. Shirley Buzzard and the Heartland International Team created the Corporate
Community Investment Service (CorCom), which comprised a set of techniques and tools Honorable Mention: Robert T. Trotter and for getting businesses and non-profit International Research Team organizations—often considered antagonists—to work together on joint Client: World Health Organization ventures and produce win-win outcomes. The problem lay in linking organizations with Cross-Cultural and International different values and operational modes in joint Application of Anthropological Theory and ventures that would benefit local Methods to the Revision of the International communities. For example, in Mexico, CorCom Classification of Impairments, Disabilities made it possible formaquiladora factory and Handicaps employee families to become both more productive and more healthy by arranging for The World Health Organization determined them to be provided with basic but important that its original classification system was necessities: factory-based child care for
25 | P a g e working mothers, on-site school instruction beginning in 1991. Warren viewed the process and healthy meals for working teens, and of establishing and operating the day care building materials other than the usual center as a field site, with participant shantytown cardboard for the construction of observation leading to action-enhancing nearby homes. communication via sensitivity to differences in the cultural stances and concerns of the
stakeholders, including volunteer group members and the homeless themselves. Special Recognition: Richard L. Warren ⋘⋙ Client: Homeless Day Care Center, San Luis Obispo, California Praxis Award Committee: Mari Clarke (Chair), Antoinette Brown, Ruth Cernea, Ruth Dispute Mediation Through Community Landman, Laurie Krieger, William Roberts, Action: A Day Care Center for the Homeless and Patrick Thomas
The anthropologist was instrumental in the Jurors: Elizabeth Briody, Muriel Crespi, leadership of volunteer groups assisting the Manindar Gill, James Nations, and Barbara homeless in San Luis Obispo, California, Pillsbury
26 | P a g e 2001
Co-Winner: Judith participatory reform: the praxis paradigm Freidenberg informed by the anthropological theory of participatory development and ethnographic, Client: Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, participatory action research methods. This New York approach was conceived, designed and directed by Kozaitis, who served as a direct Exhibiting Anthropological Data on change agent in each component and at every Elderly in the United States level throughout the life of the project.
Freidenberg conducted extensive anthropological fieldwork among elderly Latinos in the low-income urban enclave of Special Recognition: Elisa J. Sobo East Harlem, New York City, under a service policy contract with Mount Sinai Medical Client: Children’s Hospital San Diego, Center. The client raised two interrelated California points regarding how best to employ this wealth of information: 1) How could Evaluation of an Outreach and Education anthropology be used to provide an Campaign for Healthy Families understanding of the challenges and Program/Medical for Children constraints encountered by this population to a wide spectrum of stakeholders? and 2) Might In 1998, California launched Healthy that shared understanding impact local-level Families/Medical for Children (HF/MCC). The policymaking? The project addressed those program provided low and no-cost insurance points by eliciting insights on social issues to low-income children. Seventy-two from informants using applied methodologies, community based organizations (CBOs) curating a museum exhibit to disseminate received awards for culturally-appropriate these insights to diverse sectors of the national outreach and enrollment activities. Awarded society, and facilitating the communication of contracts were performance-based and grassroots perspectives to policy makers. required measurable outcomes. The evaluation of CBO performance was
contracted by the Children’s Hospital San Diego (through the San Diego State Co-Winner: Kathryn A. Foundation). This created the opportunity to Kozaitis include an anthropologically- informed telephone interview component aimed at Clients: Atlanta, GA, Public Schools and a collecting qualitative data from front-line CBO Consortium of Seven Atlanta-Area Colleges staff members. The goal of the resulting report and Universities was to positively impact health services for California’s poorer families. The Elementary Science Education Partners Project ⋘⋙
Elementary Science Education Partners Praxis Award Committee: Antoinette Brown (ESEP) was a joint project of the Atlanta, and Mari Clarke (Co-Chairs) Georgia, Public Schools (APS) and a consortium of seven Atlanta-area colleges and Jurors: Names not recorded. universities. The project goal was the systemic reform of Atlanta K-5 science education over five years. The novel feature of this project was
27 | P a g e 2003
First Prize Co-Winner: Sara Quandt and Second Prize: Melanie Bush Thomas Arcury Client: Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York Clients: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, North Carolina Department The Community Building of Agriculture & Consumer Services and Initiative Bureau of Primary Healthcare, Albert Schweitzer Fellows Program, and Private This project involved Brooklyn College, an Corporations educational institution in a densely urban setting with an enormously diverse student Reducing the Impact of Green Tobacco population representing 120 countries. Using Sickness among Migrant and Seasonal anthropological methods of inquiry and Farmworkers application, Bush established the Community Building Initiative. The project engaged Quandt and Arcury conducted first-time campus stakeholders in dialogues and ethnographic work on Green Tobacco Sickness programs, and it influenced pertinent (GTS) in rural North Carolina. They then institutional policies. created culturally-appropriate educational materials to help farmworkers to avoid acquiring GTS, and they produced pertinent information for medical personnel treating Third Prize: Claire M. Cassidy patients suffering from this syndrome. Client: Office of Alternative Medicine, National
Institutes of Health
First Prize Co-Winner: Susanna Translating Medicine: An Anthropologist Price Examines the Growth of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Client: Asian Development Bank Cassidy’s approach was threefold: 1) use of Enhancing National Involuntary ethnographic and survey methods to assess Resettlement Policy Standards for the Asia the status of acupuncture practitioners in the Region United States, 2) integration of anthropological insights into the production of Price’s employment of anthropological a textbook on Chinese medicine for use by approaches yielded critical case studies American biomedical students, and 3) documenting the social and economic costs utilization of qualitative methods to examine entailed under circumstances of involuntary how complementary and alternative medicine resettlement in Asia. This project’s outcomes practitioners explain their work to recipients achieved international and national of their healthcare. recognition for eight country resettlement plans, and it set standards for addressing such situations in the future. Honorable Mention: Denis Foley
Clients: Governor’s Traffic Safety Council, New York State Stop DWI Coordinators’ Foundation, Sheldon & Ruth Goldstein
28 | P a g e Foundation, New York State Press Association The United States Agency for International Foundation, and Local Newspapers Development supports much development assistance through grants to non- Friends Gallery Exhibit governmental organizations (NGOs). Five such NGOs created a collaborative model for This project involved the use of studying and enhancing capacity anthropological methods of collecting, development, called the Food Aid cataloging and describing/displaying an Management (FAM) consortium. Green’s individual’s material culture as a means for project employed ethnography, social understanding the individual’s personality. network analysis, and quantitative analysis to The context was that of college-aged students describe interactions among FAM member involved in fatal automobile accidents as a groups, and it developed indicators of FAM’s result of drinking alcohol, usually perceived as impact on capacity development. an integral part of college life. ⋘⋙
Praxis Award Committee: Antoinette Brown Honorable Mention: Harold D. Green and Willis Sibley (Co-Chairs)
Client: Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Jurors: Margaret Eisenhart, Carl Kendall, John Everywhere (CARE) Van D. Lewis, Pamela Puntanny, and Robert Rhoades Food Aid Management Constituency Study
29 | P a g e 2005
No Praxis Award competition entries were submitted in 2005.
30 | P a g e 2007
Winner: LTG Associates: Niel Tashima, commercial fisherman in Carteret County, Cathleen Crain, Michael French Smith, North Carolina. Fishermen in the area were Alberto Bouroncle, and Kerry Weeda getting involved in directly marketing their seafood products through a program known Client: World Health Organization as “Community Supported Fisheries” modeled after community-supported agricultural Evaluation of the Collaborative Fund arrangements. These fishermen were also part of a branding endeavor known as Carteret LTG Associates was awarded a contract from Catch, a trademarked logo that helped to the World Health Organization (WHO) to identify locally-landed seafood products. undertake a project involving the monitoring Combining the Carteret Catch branding and evaluation of the organization and program with Community Supported effectiveness of programs related to HIV Fisheries will help the public to identify which treatment, patient self-involvement, and roadside stands, fish houses, and restaurants health literacy within a very complex program are serving local seafood, thus providing a way involving some 150 WHO grantees in 65 for the public to play an active role in countries representing an enormous variety of sustaining the 400-year-old-fishing heritage of cultures and societal arrangements. The focus the county’s coastal communities, fishermen, of the LTG project was WHO’s grant to The and fish house dealers. Collaborative Fund for Treatment
Preparedness.
Honorable Mention: Lynellyn D. Long
Clients: Women-to-Work and Serbian Non- Governmental Organizations and Businesses
Women-to-Work: Project to Assist Survivors of Domestic Violence in Serbia
and Beyond
Due to high rates of unemployment in Serbia, many young men and women have migrated
Left to right: Will Sibley, 2007 Praxis Award Chair, Rob Nunn, from home. For women, informal and black WAPA President, and 2007 Praxis Award winners: Cathleen Crain, market employment is common, especially in Nathaniel Tashima, Kerry Weeda, and Alberto Bouroncle sexual services and the entertainment
industry. Upon returning home, these women often suffer sexual violence and exploitation. Anthropologist Long secured philanthropic Honorable Mention: Susan Andreatta and other sources of support and developed a system of training for new employment and Client: Carteret Catch learning entrepreneurial skills, mentoring, and developing new micro-enterprises. In Developing Alternative Markets for Small- order to succeed in her plans, she employed Scale Commercial Fishermen critical anthropological skills in researching the context in which her subject women The purpose of Andreatta’s project was to help clients must survive and in developing establish new markets for small-scale
31 | P a g e training and mentoring programs consonant Praxis Award Committee: Willis Sibley and with their needs and developing goals. Robert Wulff (Co-Chairs)
⋘⋙ Jurors: Edward B. Liebow, J. Anthony Paredes, David Rymph, and John van Willigen
32 | P a g e 2009
Co-Winner: Robbie Blinkoff, Tracy Johnson and the Context-Based Research This endeavor entailed the restoration of U.S. Team: Belinda Blinkoff, Leah Kabran, government funding for the global work of the Chuck Donofrio, and Stephanie Simpson United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). In 2002 the Bush Administration rescinded Client: Associated Press American support based on allegations that UNFPA was complicit in forced abortions and A New Model for News: Studying the Deep sterilizations in China. Pillsbury was firmly Structure of Young-Adult News convinced that, on the contrary, UNFPA was a Consumption major force in promoting reproductive choice and volunteerism in China’s family planning
program and that the United States should support UNFPA. Her anthropological investigations and activism during 2003-2009 established a strong evidence base. Success
came in early 2009 when President Obama and the U.S. Congress agreed to refund UNFPA.
Shirley Fiske presents the Praxis Award to Robbie Blinkoff and Tracy Johnson of the Context-Based Research Team
This project was implemented to help the Associated Press (AP) understand the way young people learn about news globally, especially in a digital era. Blinkoff and the
Context-Based Research Team used anthropology to get behind peoples’ behaviors to the cultural values and individual Charles Cheney gives the Praxis Award to Barbara Pillsbury motivations that inform the younger generation’s use of news media. They did this through intensive ethnographic study of 18 cases across three continents, which in the end Honorable Mention: Alan Boraas provided more valuable insights and had more impact on AP’s marketing strategies than the Clients: Kenaitze Tribal Members and Alaska reams of data coming out of national surveys National Heritage Center and quantitative economic reports. Preservation and Renewal of the Kenaitze Dialect of the Athabaskan Language of
Dena’ina Co-Winner: Barbara Pillsbury When the last native speaker of Kenai died, tribal leaders feared linguistic and cultural Client: United Nations Population Fund extinction, and they turned for help to Alan Boraas. Working in close collaboration with Anthropology in Action: An tribal members, he organized this Anthropologist’s Role in Restoring United participatory action research project around States Support for the United Nations Population Fund
33 | P a g e the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis—that language Honorable Mention: LTG Associates: influences thought—and employed a creative Cathleen Crain and Niel Tashima combination of methods, including orthography, story translations, archeology, Client: World Health Organization and ethnogeography. To return their language and culture to the Kenaitze, he crafted an Decent Care: Shifting the Health Care innovative and sophisticated website that Paradigm included online texts, spoken language tapes, oral stories, images illustrating culturally Crain and Tashima advanced the notion that significant stories and places, and audio decent care goes beyond health entitlement, recordings of the last speakers of Kenai. The and they are leading a World Health website is now successfully reaching into each Organization (WHO) effort to build health and every Kenaitze family home 24 hours a systems based on the values of Decent Care. day as tribal members access the site to learn The challenge of this project was to explore their language and culture. the concept of Decent Care through the respectful engagement of all stakeholders and to move through a process of development and refinement to a series of exploratory implementation steps. The anthropologists focused on a process of group interactions to develop a sense of community that would function in a multicultural environment.
⋘⋙
Praxis Award Committee: Charles Cheney (Chair), Shirley Fiske, Terry Redding, and Robert Wulff
Jurors: Erve Chambers, Philip Herr, John Mason, and Janet Schreiber
34 | P a g e 2011
Winner: Amanda Stronza connecting conservation and development, the Posada Amazonas project has earned Clients: Native Community of Infierno; many international awards, including Rainforest Expeditions recognition by the United Nations Development Programme Equator Initiative. Posada Amazonas: A Partnership for
Ecotourism in the Peruvian Amazon
Posada Amazonas is a community-based Honorable Mention: Adam Koons ecotourism lodge in the Peruvian Amazon. It was built in 1996 as a joint venture between Client: U.S. Agency for International the Native Community of Infierno, a village of Development 150 families, and Rainforest Expeditions, a private tourism company. The partners split Afghanistan Vouchers for Increased profits and agreed to co-manage the lodge for Production in Agriculture 20 years. Community members work not only as boat drivers, cooks, and guides, but also as In 2008, Koons (photo below at left), an directors, owners, and decision-makers in the anthropologist working for an international company. Successes to date include NGO, co-designed a $60 million one-year substantial economic returns for the emergency agricultural recovery program for community, local stewardship of forests and northern Afghanistan in response to drought wildlife, and a variety of social benefits, and increasing food insecurity. Through local knowledge and cultural sensitivity, and through consultation with and involvement of local communities, the project maintained local dignity, self-determination, and participant ownership, while enhancing local productive relationships. At its conclusion, the program had assisted 341, 301 small farms (1.7 million persons) to regain their own food security. This was the largest including strengthened community project of its kind ever organization and local autonomy. For nearly implemented by the two decades, Stronza has collaborated closely U.S. Government. The with both partners to gauge economic, social, project’s success led cultural, and environmental impacts. Few to its expansion ecotourism projects have been so carefully within Afghanistan and time extensions that documented using the tools of anthropology. continue to 2011. Stronza has shared the story of Posada ⋘⋙ Amazonas in the popular media, public Praxis Award Committee: Charles Cheney presentations, and a documentary film. In (Chair), Judith Freidenberg, Terry Redding, 2003, she directed a series of tri-national Gretchen Schafft, and Robert Wulff workshops with indigenous leaders in similar community-based ecotourism projects in Jurors: Suzanne Heurtin-Roberts, John Mason, Bolivia and Ecuador. For its achievements in Katy Moran, and George Roth
35 | P a g e 2013
Winner: Mark Edberg they occur among adolescents and children around the world, but provides them with the Client: UNICEF Latin America-Caribbean “upstream” tools to create change and build Region, UNICEF Belize assets that may head off future problems affecting well-being. At the time of the award, Using the Concept of Social Well-Being to the model was being tested and applied in Develop and Implement a Framework for several locations around the world as part of a UNICEF Planning and Evaluating Efforts UNICEF global survey module on adolescents. to Achieve Rights and Development Goals for Children and Families
Historically, to monitor adolescent and child Honorable Mention: Stephen E. Nash, well-being, UNICEF has used the Multiple Steven R. Holen, and Chip Colwell- Indicator Cluster Survey and other tools, Chanthaphonh including the USAID-funded Demographic and Health Surveys. These surveys, however, tend Clients: Denver Museum of Nature & Science to focus on rights and goals that are (or, too and others often, are not) being met, causing a somewhat narrow focus on the problems of well-being The Repatriation Initiative without clearly defining the various contexts in which these problems occur. In 2007, the Department of Anthropology at
the Denver Museum of Nature & Science launched a ground-breaking Repatriation Initiative, both to address the legacies of its
own collections and to contribute to the complex debates surrounding the care and return of cultural items and human remains in museums.
Mark Edberg (left) receives the Praxis Award from Committee Chair Terry Redding
Edberg’s Adolescent Well-Being Framework and Social Well-Being Framework (for women Department of Anthropology Chair Steve Nash accepts the Praxis and children) address this by providing Award Honorable Mention UNICEF with research tools that complement the existing survey research and offering key Using anthropological understandings of socio-cultural information needed to cultural property, the cultural power of human understand the causal chains that connect remains, collaborative methodologies, and problems in settings around the globe. The reparative justice, over the last five years the result is a new social-ecological approach to department has made momentous monitoring progress that allows UNICEF to contributions to one of the most difficult and not just monitor problems of well-being as polarizing issues facing modern museums.
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planning and documentation process, which created a clear and sustainable model for Honorable Mention: Madelyn Iris and others to follow. Rebecca L.H. Berman
Client: AgeOptions (suburban Cook County Area Agency on Aging) Honorable Mention: Laurie Schwede, Rodney Terry, and the Research Team Local Evaluation of Caring Together, Living for the Center for Survey Measurement, Better: Engaging Churches in Caregiver U.S. Census Bureau Resource Development in Cook County, IL Client: Decennial Management Bureau, U.S.
Census Bureau
2010 Census Program of Evaluations and
Experiments Evaluation: Comparative Ethnographic Studies of Enumeration Methods and Coverage across Race/Ethnic Groups in the 2010 U.S. Census
This 2010 Census evaluation explored differences among race/ethnic groups in types
and sources of coverage error and who is affected, to reduce differential undercounting, Rebecca L.H. Berman receives the Honorable Mention from Praxis improve methods and suggest 2020 Census Committee Member Jim Stansbury. research. 17 ethnographers observed, audiotaped live interviews, conducted The team from CJE Seniorlife in Chicago debriefings to identify and resolve coverage conducted a culturally sensitive evaluation of errors in the Census and a later survey in nine “Caring Together Living Better” (CTLB), a sites, including various ethnic and general partnership of seven African-American sites. churches, two social service organizations, and one Area Agency on Aging, targeting services to low-income caregivers of older adults living in Cook County, IL. The evaluation focused on the development of a regional caregiver resource network and used qualitative research methods to document project processes, impact and meaning, including appreciative inquiry for strategic planning and ethnographic methods (observations, network analysis, story elicitation and open-ended interviewing) to Team members Victor Garcia, Rodney Terry and Laurie Schwede capture project partners' views and accept the Honorable Mention on behalf of all team members. perspectives. Every decade, concerns about the under- The applicants successfully used a number of representation of certain populations in the different qualitative methodologies to support US Census drive discussions about the use of the engagement of churches in building local statistical estimates versus direct counts for caregiver resources. They also detailed their demographic completeness and accuracy. This
37 | P a g e application described how anthropological methods were systematically and relevantly applied to identify factors contributing to the under-representation of non-whites in national population estimates. Within the context of a large federal bureaucracy, the application shows a meaningful contribution to the potential accuracy of the Census, with enormous potential implications for possible impact in the future.
⋘⋙
Jurors: Laura McNamara, H. Russell Bernard, and Stan Yoder
Praxis Award Committee: Terry Redding (Chair), Frances Norwood, James Stansbury, Robert Wulff, and Charles Cheney (Chair Emeritus)
38 | P a g e 2015
Co-Winner: Mari Clarke and stewardship and also influenced institutional Team change in the national Ministry of Transport.
Client: World Bank
Improving Awareness and Technical Co-Winner: Stephen Weidlich and the Skills in Road Maintenance within the AECOM Team Third Rural Transport Project, Vietnam Client: Little Saigon Foundation; El Cajon The anthropologist on the team in this rural Business Improvement Association Vietnam road maintenance project applied a holistic analytical framework and Little Saigon Design Guidelines ethnographic methods in monitoring and evaluation to document and promote the The Little Saigon Design Guidelines project inclusive approach, and to foster both a was a collaborative effort between urban bottom-up and top-down “culture” of road planners, outreach specialists, and maintenance changes. This ethnic minority anthropologists to help create a set of design road maintenance effort was managed by guidelines that would establish a cohesive women’s unions in three provinces in identity and culturally relevant public space coordination with provincial, district, and for a Vietnamese business district in San commune transport and people’s committees. Diego, California.
Stephen Weidlich (right) receives the Praxis Award from award committee chair Terry Redding
The applicant formed part of a team to Mari Clarke and some of her team members produce a plan for development, and introduced several ethnographic-type The project addressed the isolation of rural, approaches from anthropology and other ethnic minorities who lack road access, and fields to obtain interactive community was able to mobilize and raised awareness of participation throughout, with a participant 765,000 people. The project increased market, photography workshop being central. A plan school, and health care access to local groups with actionable next steps was produced and while also increasing the social capital, status, earned a planning award and letter of and voices of community women who commendation." Outreach events (including maintained the roadways. The approach of an innovative photo documentary and including local ethnic women in maintenance efforts fostered a “culture” of road
39 | P a g e discussion activity) served to explore and record the ideas, goals, and concerns about the neighborhood while being sensitive to the Honorable Mention: Federico Cintrón- diversity of businesses and residents in the Moscoso surrounding residential community. Client: El Yunque National Forest, USDA Forest
Service
Honorable Mention: LTG Associates, Public Participation in the Revision of El Inc. Yunque National Forest Management Plan Client: The Duke Endowment Despite federal policy changes, the historical, Pastors at Risk: Toward an Improved political, economic, and cultural context of Culture of Health for United Methodist Puerto Rico, a colonial territory of the United Clergy in North Carolina States since 1898, presented a barrier to incorporating viewpoints of the public in This multiyear evaluation focused on the Duke revisions to the El Yunque National Forest’s Divinity School’s Clergy Health Initiative management plan. Utilizing anthropological (CHI), which sought to improve the overall theories and methodologies, the team health of United Methodist clergy across North identified some of the challenges presented by Carolina. Not just an applied research these barriers—including historically top- evaluation for the funder separate from the down, scientific-based decision-making, actual hands on program implementation, this public mistrust in administrators, gaps in process evaluation developed into a hands-on knowledge regarding visitor practices, and program development process, with ongoing lack of interest from some sectors of the engagement with all stakeholders, and public—and developed a locally appropriate ongoing program changes resulting from the and relevant strategy to address the collaborative work. challenges. The project dealt with a core issue for anthropological practitioners, not to mention managers, which is how to integrate “stakeholders” and “managers” in a useful way. The results demonstrate how the project connected the managers with local communities in several ways.
⋘⋙
Jurors: Michael Agar, Dominique Desjeux, and Tracy Meerwarth Pester
LTG Associates team members Terry Redding, Nathaniel Tashima, Praxis Award Committee: Terry Redding and Cathleen Crain receive an honorable mention certificate from (Chair), Jenny Masur, Shirley Buzzard, Stan 2013 Praxis Award winner Mark Edberg. Yoder, and Charles Cheney (Chair Emeritus)
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2017
Winner: Luisa Cortesi, Yale University Client: California State Department of Health Care Services Client: Megh Pyne Abhiyan (a network of local rural NGOs) A Video Ethnographic Study: Raising Healthy Children in Poverty and Examples of Dug-well Revival: Tradition, Knowledge, and Excellence in Addressing Childhood Wellness Equity in Drinking Water in North Bihar, India The LTG Associates team of anthropologists and a videographer developed two, one-hour In the flooded areas of North Bihar, long video ethnographies for the California development organizations working on Department of Health Care Services focused on drinking water found that bacteriologically healthy families and communities. They were contaminated “dug-well” water was easier to designed to bring the faces and voices of clean than “hand-pump” water, which were participants and their worlds into direct polluted with heavy metals. Yet the dug-well is relationship with policy makers, program historically characterized by caste-based developers, and legislative staff and legislators discrimination, and local peoples largely for the State, and have been used for briefings, preferred the modern hand-pump. trainings, and policy and program Ethnographic research revealed that hand- development. The videos were co-created with pumps, promoted by the state and by community leaders engaged in innovative international organizations, are also power- community health projects and parents in poor laden, while a dug-well revival can promote conditions working to raise healthy children self-help and community-building. Engaging drawn from across the State. people in conversations about dug-wells and encouraging knowledge transmission on how to clean them, the project achieved the independent and equitable revival of dug-wells by their users.
LTG Associates principals Niel Tashima (left) and Cathleen Crain (right) accept the honorable mention from committee member Suzanne Heurtin-Roberts
Luisa Cortesi accepts the 2017 Praxis Award from committee chair Honorable Mention: Adam B. Seligman, Rahel Terry Redding R. Wasserfall, and David W. Montgomery, CEDAR (Communities Engaging with Difference and Religion) Program Honorable Mention: Cathleen Crain, Nathaniel Tashima, Reiko Ishihara-Brito, and Erick Lee Cummings, LTG Associates, 41 | P a g e Inc.
Honorable Mention: Thurka Sangaramoorthy Clients: Clients at the time of the award and the Project Team included: Plovdiv University (Bulgaria); Uganda Martyrs University (Uganda); Southern Client: State of Maryland Africa Interfaith and Peace Academy (Zimbabwe); KICORA (Tanzania and Burundi); Marcellus Shale Public Health Study Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change (Indonesia); Yamaguchi Prefectural In 2011, former Maryland governor Martin University (Japan); and Hardin-Simmons O’Malley established the Marcellus Shale Safe University (USA). Drilling Initiative to assist state policymakers and regulators in determining whether and Learning to Live with Difference: Taking how unconventional natural gas development Anthropology Out of the Classroom and Into and production (i.e., fracking) from the the World Marcellus Shale in Maryland could be accomplished without unacceptable risks to CEDAR is a global educational network that the environment and the populace. This runs fortnightly programs enabling members initiative required research assessing the of disparate communities to recognize and impacts of drilling on the environment, the accept their differences as they work toward a economy, and health. A state-wide public civil society. The group combines a unique health impact assessment of fracking, the first anthropologically informed pedagogy of of its kind, was commissioned and conducted cognitive learning (lectures), experiential by a team of interdisciplinary researchers with learning (site visits), and affective learning input from residents and a variety of other (group work) to build communities that stakeholders. respect difference rather than emphasize sameness. This structure, together with an international and diverse body of fellows, provides a powerful experience that forces participants to challenge their taken-for- granted assumptions about the self, the other, and the terms of interaction, therein creating a new space for living together differently.
Thurka Sangaramoorthy accepts the honorable mention from committee member Terry Redding
Honorable Mention: Olive M. Minor
Client: Oxfam Great Britain
CEDAR member David Montgomery accepts the honorable mention from committee member Sue Taylor Socio-cultural Barriers and Enablers in the Ebola Response
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This project aimed to support Oxfam’s Public friction between Ebola-affected communities Health Promotion (PHP) strategies by integrating and response activities, and offered anthropological approaches into the humanitarian recommendations for improvements in response to the 2014 West African Ebola Oxfam’s strategies. Oxfam PHP teams used epidemic. At the time of the project, most people these assessments to adjust operations on a in Oxfam’s areas of operation in Liberia and daily basis, incorporated recommendations Sierra Leone had moderate to high awareness of into longer-term strategies, and captured Ebola prevention and treatment information. lessons learned for future epidemic responses.
However, infections continued to flare across the ⋘⋙ region. In early November 2014, the applicant joined Oxfam as Resilience and Response Team 2017 Praxis Award Jurors: Charles Cheney, (RRT) Anthropologist. Her role supported Mari Clarke, Laura McNamara, and Riall Nolan Oxfam’s PHP strategies in Liberia and Sierra Leone, by identifying barriers to compliance with 2017 Praxis Award Committee: Suzanne Ebola prevention and treatment advice, and by Heurtin-Roberts, Adam Koons, Jim Stansbury, contributing to the development of local-level Sue Taylor, and Terry Redding (Chair) response activities. She developed rapid qualitative assessments to identify points of
43 | P a g e Recipient Index
A E
Adeniyi, Joshua D. · 23 Edberg, Mark · 36, 40 Andreatta, Susan · 31 English, Michael M. · 2 Arcury, Thomas · 28 Esber, George S. · 6
B F
Barnes-Dean, Virginia Lee · 11 Fanale, Rosalie · 22 Berman, Rebecca L.H. · 37 Fetterman, David M. · 2 Blinkoff, Belinda · 33 Foley, Denis · 28 Blinkoff, Robbie · 33 Frees, J. W. · 3 Bodo, Dawn · 21, 22 Freidenberg, Judith · 27 Boone, Margaret S. · 5 Boraas, Alan · 33 Borman, Leonard · 1 G Bouroncle, Alberto · 31 Garcia, Camilo · 14
Brieger, William R. · 23 Gonzalez, Nicanor · 22
Briody, Elizabeth · 22 Greeley, Edward H. · 22 Bush, Melanie · 28 Green, Edward C. · 6, 9
Buzzard, Shirley · 25 Green, Harold D. · 29
Gretenhart, Fred · 12 C Gulino, Claire · 18
Cadaval, Olivia · 11 Campbell, Joan M. · 14 H
Cassidy, Claire M. · 28 Hainer, Peter C. · 14 CEDAR Program 41 Herrick, Allison B. · 22 Chapin, Mac · 22 Hicks, Robert D. · 14 Cintrón-Moscoso, Federico · 40 Hines, Catherine · 14 Clark, Maria Donoso · 23 Horowitz, Michael M. · 6 Clarke, Mari · 39 Hyland, Stanley E. · 9, 11 Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip · 36 Context-Based Research · 33 Cortesi, Luisa 41 I Courtney, Anita · 13 Crain, Cathleen · 12, 18, 31, 34, 40, 41 Iris, Madelyn · 37 Cummings, Erick Lee 41 Iris, Madelyn Anne · 15, 17 Isaacs, Hope L. · 18 Ishihara-Brito, Reiko 41 D
Davidson, Judith R. · 5 J DeWalt, Billie R. · 9 DeWalt, Kathleen · 9 Johnson, Jeffrey C. · 19 DiBella, Anthony · 12 Johnson, Tracy · 33 Donofrio, Chuck · 33 Dove, Michael R. · 17 Duncan, Julianne · 11
44 | P a g e K R
Kabran, Leah · 33 Reeves, Edward C. · 9 Kempton, Willett M. · 16 Rhoades, Robert E. · 14 King, Thomas F. · 1 Riker, Nancy · 11 Kolar, John C. · 23 Romanoff, Steven A. · 17 Koons, Adam · 35 Rust, Mary G. · 2 Kozaitis, Kathryn A. · 27
S L Salter, Elizabeth M. · 23 Lampl, Linda L. · 15 Sangaramoorthy, Thurka 42 Layne, Lynda L. · 16 Scaglion, Richard · 3 Leap, William L. · 6 Schwede, Laurie · 37 Lerner, Richard · 10 Seligman, Adam B. 41 Long, Lynellyn D. · 31 Shah, Satish · 22 Silberstein, Spencer · 22 Simpson, Stephanie · 33 M Small, Cathy · 20
Maack, Stephen C. · 7 Small, Mary Ann · 18
Mariella, Patricia · 12 Smith, Michael French · 31
Martinez, Hector · 1 Sobo, Elisa J. · 27 Soos, Helen · 22 Mason, John P. · 7
Miller, Charlotte I. · 1 Steven R. Holen · 36
Minor, Olive M. 42 Stronza, Amanda · 35
Montgomery, David 42 Sweeney, Mary Anne · 18
Murray, Gerald F. · 5
T
N Tashima, Niel · 18, 31, 34, 40, 41
Nalven, Joseph · 2 Terry, Rodney · 37 Threlkeld, William · 22 Nash, Stephen E. · 36 Topper, Martin D. · 3 Trend, M.G. · 3 O Trotter, Robert T. · 10, 25 Turner, Allen C. · 7 Oke, Ganiyu A. · 23 Oshiname, Frederick O. · 23 Otusanya, Sakiru A. · 23 W
Wahlstrom, Ryan · 21 P Ward, David · 14 Warren, Richard L. · 26 Parker, Patricia L. · 1 Wasserfall, Rahel R. 41 Pillsbury, Barbara · 33 Weeda, Kerry · 31 Preister, Kevin · 2 Weidlich, Stephen · 39 Price, Susanna · 28 Wherry, James D. · 1 Prosterman, Leslie · 11 Williams, Brett · 11 Putman, Diana Briton · 20 Wood, Corinne Shear · 12
Q Z
Quandt, Sara · 28 Zilverberg, Grace · 13
45 | P a g e