SAMPLE OF ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS

ACF GOAL MACCA TEARFUND

ACTED GTZ Malteser Terre des Hommes

ADRA Handicap International Medair UNAIDS

Afghanaid HELP Mercy Corps UNDP

AVSI HelpAge International MERLIN UNDSS

CARE Humedica NPA UNESCO

CARITAS IMC NRC UNFPA

CONCERN INTERSOS OCHA UN-HABITAT

COOPI IOM OHCHR UNHCR

CRS IRC OXFAM UNICEF

CWS IRIN Première Urgence WFP

DRC Islamic Relief Worldwide Save the Children WHO

FAO LWF Solidarités World Vision International

Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION ...... 1

CRISES WITH MAJOR CHANGES SINCE THE 2010 CAP LAUNCH...... 3

FLASH APPEALS...... 4

FOCUS ON MONITORING IN THE 2010 MID-YEAR REVIEWS...... 5

NEEDS ANALYSIS ...... 5

FUNDING TO DATE IN 2010: EFFECTS OF HAITI AND THE ECONOMIC RECESSION...... 7

RESOURCING FOR CLUSTER COORDINATION...... 12

FORWARD VIEW ...... 13

2010 CONSOLIDATED APPEALS AND ACTION PLANS AT MID-YEAR ...... 15 Afghanistan ...... 16 Central African Republic...... 18 Chad ...... 20 Democratic Republic of the Congo...... 22 Guatemala...... 24 Haiti ...... 26 Kenya ...... 28 Mongolia ...... 30 Nepal ...... 32 occupied Palestinian territory ...... 34 Regional Response Plan for Iraqi Refugees, and Iraq Humanitarian Action Plan...... 36 Republic of Congo...... 40 Somalia ...... 42 Sudan ...... 44 Uganda ...... 46 West Africa (including Niger) ...... 48 Yemen ...... 52 Zimbabwe...... 54

ANNEX: SUMMARY TABLES PER APPEAL AND PER SECTOR...... 56

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

INTRODUCTION

Humanitarian country teams have reviewed their 2010 strategic action plans for sixteen major crises around the world1 and have issued updated strategies, work plans and funding requests. At mid-year, while humanitarian funding requirements overall have changed only slightly since these appeals were launched at the end of 2009, certain appeals have changed significantly. In West Africa, the deepening food and nutrition crisis in Niger necessitates a very urgent request for greater resources for the rest of 2010 (on top of the emergency request in March). Neighbouring Chad, whose eastern population and hosted refugees are already the subject of a major aid operation, now also urgently requires food and nutrition support on a scale similar to Niger in its western regions. Scant rains are also raising food needs in Zimbabwe, while in Kenya, the latest short rains season was good but food insecurity continues to be severe and widespread because of the cumulative effects of a recent succession of poor rain seasons.

Funding to date in 2010 is only slightly behind that of recent years, despite earlier fears of the effects of the global recession on aid budgets and the possibility that the immense funding response to the Haiti earthquake would lessen resources available to other crises. Taken together, these appeals are 48% funded, leaving $4.9 billion2 still to be found to meet humanitarian needs for the rest of 2010.

This year’s mid-year reviews follow a new, streamlined format which emphasizes monitoring and reporting on achievements to date vis- à-vis the targets that country teams and clusters expressed in their original consolidated appeals six months ago. This real-time monitoring and measuring against targets will allow better operational decision- making, promote accountability, and show the effectiveness of

Women and children at a therapeutic feeding centre in Magaria, southern Niger /© Anne Isabelle Leclercq/IRIN/2010

1 Afghanistan, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Kenya, Nepal, occupied Palestinian territory, Regional Response Plan for Iraqi Refugees, Republic of Congo, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda, West Africa, Yemen, and Zimbabwe. 2 All dollar signs in this document denote United States dollars. Funding figures are as reported by donors and/or recipients organizations to the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts) by 25 June 2010.

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review humanitarian action. All of these support our renewed request for donor generosity on a scale to meet the humanitarian needs of people afflicted by conflict and/or disaster for the next six months.

2010 appeals: unfunded requirements at mid-year

Sudan $887 million Haiti $542 million Democratic Republic of the Congo $492 million Afghanistan $290 million occupied Palestinian territory $349 million Somalia $262 million Kenya $280 million West Africa (incl. Niger) $391 million Chad $297 million Zimbabwe $316 million Regional Response Plan for Iraqi Refugees $305 million Yemen $130 million Uganda $127 million

Central African Republic $95 million Funding to date Unfunded requirements Nepal $71 million Kyrgyzstan Flash Appeal $60 million Republic of Congo $33 million Guatemala Food/Malnutrition Appeal $26 million Mongolia $16 million Guatemala Flash Appeal $11 million

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

CRISES WITH MAJOR CHANGES SINCE THE 2010 CAP LAUNCH

The majority of crises covered by these appeals have evolved as foreseen in the scenarios used for planning in late 2009. Some, however, have changed significantly. Most dramatically, Niger is well into a major crisis of food insecurity and acute malnutrition following last year’s failed harvest. This necessitated a revision to the West Africa Consolidated Appeal (CAP) in March, in which humanitarian partners presented an enlarged and intensified emergency humanitarian response plan for Niger. Thanks to a rapid donor response, this part of the CAP has been 77% funded. However, the current mid-year review (MYR) will add another $63 million to requirements for the rest of 2010, as the situation continues to worsen. According to the results of the annual survey on child nutrition released on June 24, the global acute malnutrition (GAM) rate reaches 16.7% for children under five, exceeding the 15% emergency threshold and the 12.3% rate of 2009. In the regions of Diffa and Maradi, the GAM rate rose from 17% to 22.1% and 13.1% to 19.7% respectively. In addition, the rate of severe acute malnutrition among children under five, which gravely threatens the child’s life, has risen from 2.1% to 3.2% in 2010. In mid-April, the number of severely acutely malnourished children admitted to therapeutic feeding centres crossed the threshold of 5,000 cases per week across the country; overall, some 100,045 cases of severe acute malnutrition have been reported from January 4 to June 6. Food aid will now have to reach 4.5 million severely food-insecure people, nearly twice as many as originally planned for 2010 (2.6 million). The Niger emergency plan continues to be revised as the situation evolves. (See page 48 for a summary of West Africa’s Mid-Year Review.)

The same combination of drought and extreme chronic vulnerability that affected Niger has now caused widespread humanitarian needs in western Chad. The Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) there is launching a new set of actions in that area, focusing on food aid, re-building food security, and nutrition. The caseload is estimated at 1.6 million people (in addition to the previously targeted 1,240,700 refugees, internally displaced people or IDPs, returnees, and affected host populations), which will be clarified as assessments continue and thresholds are defined. (See page 20.)

Kenya reports two major changes. First, land has been allocated after a lengthy search to expand and de-congest Ifo refugee camp (mostly for Somali refugees) in Dadaab. Taking advantage of this long-awaited and much-needed opportunity will require $38 million on top of existing budgets for refugee protection and assistance. However, additional land and investment are still required to receive and accommodate newly arriving Somali refugees in Dadaab. In the drought-affected areas, food aid requirements are rising by $30 million. The Short-Rains Assessment found, as a result of good short rains, that the number of people in need of food aid decreased from 3.8 million for the period September 2009 to February 2010 to 1.6 million from March to August 2010. However planning figures now have to take into account the March-August caseload, which had not been confirmed at the time of the original CAP. (See page 28.)

Yemen’s situation has changed with mixed positive and negative aspects. A ceasefire agreed in February continues to hold, but its full conditions are being implemented only slowly, leaving much of the former conflict zone still too insecure for regular humanitarian access. The levels of damage and displacement are far greater than in previous rounds of fighting, and the humanitarian situation is precarious for the estimated 342,000 IDPs in the five conflict-affected governorates. Quite apart from the conflict, the Humanitarian Country Team emphasizes the need to address humanitarian needs for a long-term caseload whose extreme chronic vulnerability is causing acute harm. The low level of funding is hampering humanitarian organisations’ ability to deliver assistance and to plan. For example, starting in May the World Food Programme (WFP) has had

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review to reduce life-saving food rations provided to IDPs from the Sa’ada conflict by half, and the Health and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Clusters have been unable to extend their services to scattered populations. At the same time that the country and the humanitarian community are dealing with the effects of the war in the north, a significant Somali refugee presence, largely in the south of the country, and high levels of food insecurity and malnutrition countrywide also demand attention.

FLASH APPEALS

The year started with the cataclysmic Haiti earthquake, whose flash appeal swiftly became the largest-ever natural disaster appeal. (See page 26.) Since then, there have been few major sudden-onset disasters. Tropical Storm Agatha struck Guatemala (already the subject of a humanitarian appeal for food insecurity and acute malnutrition – see page 24) on May 29; the resulting flash appeal seeks $15 million, of which 27% or $4.2 million has been provided so far (mostly by the Central Emergency Response Fund or CERF). The civil unrest in Kyrgyzstan led to a flash appeal for $73 million on June 18, and another for Kyrgyz refugees in Uzbekistan on June 24, though the latter was withdrawn following the return of almost all refugees to Kyrgyzstan. As of this writing, three weeks after the Kyrgyzstan appeal’s launch, it has received $12.6 million or 17% of requirements.

IDP camp/UNICEF-Haiti/2010

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

FOCUS ON MONITORING IN THE 2010 MID-YEAR REVIEWS

Humanitarian monitoring is an area of increasing interest. Parliaments and ministries are ever more concerned to know how aid money is spent and what results it is getting. In an era of tight budgets, the questions also focus on where resources are most needed and where they are best used – questions that are as pertinent to humanitarian strategists, managers and coordinators as to donors. At the same time, the concepts of monitoring and evaluation applied in development settings can only be used in humanitarian situations with significant adaptation. Humanitarian monitoring must compile real-time information for operational and strategic decision-making. Humanitarian evaluation must try to discern cause and effect, to a reliable standard of proof, in chaotic, changing environments. Nevertheless the humanitarian system has already made some strides in defining how to get the right information to the right people at the right time. This year’s mid-year reviews are part of that trend.

The reviews have been re-designed this year to accentuate monitoring. Each cluster has reported on progress towards its targets (expressed in the original CAP, or updated as needed). In practice, this means that they have compiled project-by-project information provided by cluster members into a statement of collective outputs. This is meant to give a clear view on the achievements of, and gaps in, humanitarian action. (It also makes the MYR documents shorter, as text is encouraged only when needed for explanation.)

Where possible, the MYRs also monitor strategic indicators. (See next page for example from the Somalia MYR.) These generally relate to changes in humanitarian needs and impact of aid actions, to serve as an overall barometer for the scale and severity of the crisis and the effectiveness of the response. By nature, strategic indicators are harder to monitor in real time than the output- oriented monitoring by cluster (which states what organizations have done, but usually without being able to measure immediately the impact on people in need).

NEEDS ANALYSIS

Another innovation in this year’s MYRs is building a forward view into the process. HCTs were asked to discuss whether another CAP would be needed for 2011. If so, they were to plan some initial steps immediately. Most important is to plan needs assessments. Each MYR maps out recent assessments and identifies information gaps that will have to be rectified before the next CAP. They then made a detailed needs assessment plan, identifying which organizations would conduct each assessment and how it would be funded (in cases where additional funds are needed). This will allow them to conduct a comprehensive needs analysis on which to base their 2011 humanitarian strategy and detailed programming.

The West Africa CAP’s new needs analysis method deserves a closer look, especially in light of developments in Niger in the first half of the year, plus the fact that the CAP is funded well under the current average as a proportion of requirements. (West Africa’s method in turn was inspired by that used in the DR Congo HAP for the past few years – a system of key indicators and thresholds that allow the country team to identify, triage and target humanitarian needs in the midst of a background of general poverty, deprivation and weak social services.) Of the 13 countries analysed with this method in late 2009, Niger was the only one with scores above the emergency threshold for both food availability and food accessibility in all of the provinces surveyed.

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

2010 Somalia MYR Strategic Priorities Monitoring Matrix 2010 Strategic Priority # 2010 Indicator 2010 Mid-Year Target 2010 Mid-Year Achievement GAM and SAM rates do not deteriorate from 2009 median 1 GAM

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

(Many of those provinces also scored above the emergency threshold for certain nutrition indicators, meningitis incidence, and maternal and under-five mortality.) The regional team compiled this analysis in October 2009, so it is no exaggeration to say that this method correctly forecast the crisis in Niger. Stakeholders should therefore refer closely to the updated indicators in the West Africa MYR in order to anticipate and prevent any more acute crises.

Beyond West Africa, other crises with similar situations of general extreme vulnerability that may cross the line into acute humanitarian need might benefit from a similarly structured analysis plus thresholds to reliably target the humanitarian caseload.

FUNDING TO DATE IN 2010: EFFECTS OF HAITI AND THE ECONOMIC RECESSION

Funding levels have generally dropped slightly compared to the same point in recent years, but not as deeply as earlier feared, considering the global economic recession. The massive aid to Haiti following the earthquake also seems to have affected the availability of funds for other crises, but again marginally rather than deeply. The requirements of $9.5 billion are similar to one year ago, and funding is $4.5 billion compared to $4.6 billion at mid-2009.

Requirements at mid-year Funding at mid-year % covered Unmet requirements ($) ($) ($) 2003 5.3 billion 1.8 billion 33% 3.5 billion 2004 3.0 billion 0.7 billion 23% 2.3 billion 2005 5.0 billion 2.4 billion 48% 2.6 billion 2006 4.8 billion 1.7 billion 36% 3.1 billion 2007 4.4 billion 1.9 billion 43% 2.5 billion 2008 6.3 billion 2.9 billion 46% 3.4 billion 2009 9.5 billion 4.6 billion 49% 4.9 billion 2010 9.5 billion 4.5 billion 48% 5.0 billion

Funding per priority level Prioritization has spread to nearly all CAPs, and donors have followed the prioritization ratings for the most part. The common prioritization method involves assigning each project in the appeal a priority score on a simple scale (like high and medium). This signals to donors which projects need funding most urgently, and also allows stakeholders to track the funding response with respect to priority: ideally, the top-priority category would have the highest funding percentage. This is currently true in all cases except Uganda and Yemen, though Afghanistan, Central African Republic (CAR), Chad, and Somalia show more funding as a percentage of requirements for projects in the lowest category than in the middle category (see table below). In CAR in particular, funding in dollar terms is distributed fairly evenly across priority levels, which contradicts the purpose of prioritization. Only CAR has reserved the top-priority category for less than 50% of the total appeal requirements. Yemen’s and Haiti’s prioritization schemes are newly introduced in the MYR, so funding to date has not been in response to current priority ratings. (The appeals

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review currently without prioritisation are Guatemala, Mongolia, Pakistan, Republic of Congo, and the Regional Response Plan for Iraqi Refugees.)

Funding to Appeal Priority designation Requirements* ($) % covered date ($) A. Immediate 551 million 320 million 58% B. High 182 million 98 million 54% Afghanistan C. Medium 12 million 1 million 8% D. Low 0.5 million 0 0% Immediate 38 million 15 million 40% Central African High 55 million 15 million 28% Republic Medium 52 million 17 million 33% A - Very high 506 million 240 million 47% Chad B - High 29 million 2 million 7% C - Medium 4 million 1 million 12% High 557 million 302 million 54% Kenya Medium 29 million 2 million 7% Response 120 million 54 million 45% Nepal Preparedness 5 million 0 0% A - High 574 million 246 million 43% oPt B - Medium 29 million 2 million 7% A. High 540 million 323 million 60% Somalia B. Medium 47 million 6 million 14% C. Low 9 million 3 million 29% A – High 1472 million 786 million 53% Sudan B – Medium 256 million 106 million 41% C – Low 102 million 54 million 53% Priority A 95 million 24 million 25% Uganda Priority B 84 million 31 million 36% Priority C 6 million 1 million 14% High 475 million 168 million 35% West Africa Medium 71 million 9 million 12% Life-saving 119 million 38 million 32% Yemen Support services 5 million 2 million 35% Time-critical 58 million 16 million 28% High 442 million 155 million 35% Zimbabwe Medium 36 million 6 million 17% D.R. Congo (uses a more sliding scale of priority which is not easily shown here)

* i.e. sum of requirements of projects designated with that level

Note: in each appeal, a small proportion of projects were not given a priority designation, for reasons such as them being fully funded already, or being artificial projects created on FTS to host pooled funds or flexible funds.

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Requirements per beneficiary Analysis of appeal costs versus number of targeted beneficiaries shows a slight decrease compared to 2008 and 2009, though still about 20% higher than in 2007 (see table below).

Appeal requirements Number of beneficiaries $/beneficiary 2010 2009 2008 2010 2009 2008 Afghanistan 7,020,000 8,818,746 - $110 $75 - Central African Republic 1,621,183 1,039,040 1,000,000 $89 $94 $114 Chad 2,500,000 1,178,355 458,000 $217 $339 $668 DR Congo 2,000,000 2,303,296 2,100,000 $414 $411 $351 Haiti 3,000,000 - - $496 - - Kenya 6,600,000 1,434,000 1,340,000 $89 $402 $143 Nepal 3,500,000 1,665,800 1,265,600 $36 $87 $84 oPt 1,936,400 1,425,449 665,000 $311 $564 $674 RRP for Iraqi Refugees* 225,000 300,000 - $1,633 $1,139 - Rep. of Congo 168,000 - - $351 - - Somalia 3,225,000 3,200,000 1,500,000 $185 $265 $427 Sudan 6,800,000 5,500,000 5,520,000 $271 $380 $352 Uganda 2,000,000 1,600,000 2,947,596 $92 $154 $126 West Africa 5,859,252 4,792,590 5,206,019 $97 $82 $80 Yemen 2,538,000 - - $74 - - Zimbabwe 4,500,000 5,100,000 4,100,000 $106 $141 $96

TOTAL or AVERAGE 53,492,835 38,357,276 26,102,215 $175 $220 $212

(This table omits some pre-2010 CAPs not repeated in 2010.)

(It is conceded that this analysis is not perfectly reliable, because there is no universal definition of humanitarian beneficiary. Where an appeal does not clearly state its number of beneficiaries, the greatest specific number cited by any one sector - most often food - is used for this analysis.)

*The 2010 Regional Response Plan for Iraqi Refugees is for actions and beneficiaries outside Iraq. The figures provided for 2009 are from Pillar II of the Iraq and the Region 2009 appeal, which similarly focused on Iraqi refugees in neighbouring countries. The beneficiary figures are UNHCR-registered refugees, though the true number of Iraqi beneficiaries is higher in practice.

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Discrepancies among crises The imbalances in funding as a proportion of requirements seen at previous mid-years continue this year, with funding percentages across CAPs ranging from 30 to 60% (see chart below). Discrepancies are steeper if one counts quasi-CAPs such as the Mongolia Dzud Appeal and the Guatemala Food Insecurity and Acute Malnutrition Appeal.

Range of % CAP funding coverage at mid-year, 2008-2010: continuing imbalances

80% 2008 2009 2010 70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

CAPs as a barometer of needs and funding response for the emergency overall One key purpose of CAPs is to present a comprehensive bottom line – or the best possible estimate – of funding requirements and funding response for a crisis. To what extent are they succeeding? The common strategy and peer-reviewed, selected projects that comprise CAPs continue to capture a majority of humanitarian action, as measured by reported international funding at least, in all of the crises where they exist (see table below). CAP funding as a percentage of the total is 62% on average, ranging from 100% for Republic of Congo to 64% for West Africa and 29% for Haiti. (Without Haiti, for which individual donations through national appeals and telethons, etc., raised very large sums, the average would be 86%.) Among the top 20 governmental donors to appeals this year, the proportion of their humanitarian funding for those crises that they directed to the selected, coordinated projects in the appeals ranged from about 40% to 100%. (See tables below.)

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Total funding for % of Emergency emergency in 2010 emergency ($) total to appeal Mongolia - dzud 10,178,805 18% Kyrgyzstan (civil unrest, June 2010) 43,977,417 29% Haiti earthquake 3,209,988,575 29% Guatemala (food insecurity/malnutrition) 23,938,881 33% Guatemala (Tropical Storm Agatha) 7,105,664 60% West Africa 279,234,696 64% Yemen 75,698,052 76% Zimbabwe 211,882,624 77% Afghanistan 565,528,668 85% Central African Republic 56,854,349 88% Somalia 375,077,378 89% Chad 273,950,037 90% Democratic Republic of the Congo 373,428,810 90% occupied Palestinian territory 278,365,655 91% Sudan 1,048,137,385 91% Uganda 62,235,944 92% Kenya 318,044,856 96% Nepal 55,507,214 97% Iraqi Refugees in Neighbouring Countries 63,962,796 98% Republic of Congo 25,636,120 100% Total 7,358,733,926 62% Total 2010 funding to % of total per Donor crises with appeals crisis to ($) appeals Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF)* 198,959,654 98% Saudi Arabia 53,711,877 96% European Commission (aside from ECHO) 30,443,269 88% Japan 334,933,798 84% Sweden 140,759,720 82% United Kingdom 253,692,666 82% Spain 188,363,952 78% Norway 82,034,636 73% Australia 74,077,806 73% Eur. Comm. Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO) 436,586,599 72% Denmark 68,161,209 69% Canada 261,543,088 67% Ireland 35,657,768 60% Finland 30,256,467 60% France 65,166,037 54% Netherlands 42,303,126 51% United States 2,232,416,423 50% Italy 37,483,996 48% Switzerland 54,233,441 44% Germany 93,165,812 40%

*Not a donor, but a funding channel supported by 120 Member States and other partners including the private sector and NGOs.

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

The advantage of sharing information on aid budgets early rather than retrospectively Donors are sharing information with the humanitarian Financial Tracking Service with increasing thoroughness and timeliness. This serves the important purposes of identifying gaps and giving credit for burden-sharing. However there is an inherent limitation in this real-time gap analysis: it does not capture the overall supply of funds per donor, meaning their annual humanitarian aid appropriations. Instead, FTS records granular, contract-by-contract information. This has real operational value, but humanitarian stakeholders also need to know at the start of the year what the overall supply will be (in the way that CAPs state what the overall requirements are), to allow them to forecast resource availability and prioritize accordingly. The governmental budgets of the major donors are public information for the most part, and it may seem that interested parties could help themselves to the information. But in practice, for various reasons it is hard for outsiders to discern each donor’s humanitarian envelope. The IASC therefore encourages donors to issue clear statements about the extent of their annual humanitarian resources as soon as they are determined in the relevant legislature or ministry. Such clarity would also allow the IASC and humanitarian donor professionals to work together better to ensure that budget decision-makers have the right information at the right time when deciding on humanitarian aid budgets.

RESOURCING FOR CLUSTER COORDINATION

Donors and agencies agree that high-quality cluster coordination is an essential enabler for effective and efficient humanitarian action. Moreover, they agree that cluster coordination requires dedicated resources, rather than being the part-time responsibility of programme staff. Therefore, starting from the 2010 CAPs, cluster lead agencies have systematically presented funding needs for crisis-specific cluster coordination in the field. (Some such projects had appeared in past CAPs, but not systematically.)

What has been the funding % funding response? In some cases Country Requirements Funding cluster coordination coverage activities and costs are Afghanistan 715,000 - 0% embedded in larger Central African Republic 1,647,800 154,128 9% operational projects, and so Chad 1,054,378 - 0% their funding cannot be Haiti 9,686,500 9,557,179 99% isolated and analysed. Nepal 573,500 - 0% However, there are about Niger 487,278 - 0% 45 freestanding projects that Pakistan 2,003,732 320,248 16% focus on cluster oPt 3,347,839 1,008,744 30% coordination, with total West Africa regional 1,822,350 - 0% requirements of $42 million. Somalia 7,582,791 820,513 11% Overall, they have received Sudan 12,501,193 3,017,523 24% $15 million in funding, or Uganda 350,000 - 0% 35% of requirements. In Yemen 65,000 41,763 64% half of the countries, no Zimbabwe 538,496 - 0% freestanding cluster coordination projects have Total: 42,375,857 14,920,098 35% received any funding (see table at right).

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

% funding However, most agencies appealing Cluster lead Requirements Funding coverage for cluster coordination funds (eight out of ten) have received at FAO 7,278,836 150,070 2% least some funding (see table at Handicap Int’l 368,826 - 0% left). Across clusters (see table IOM 7,754,456 7,114,517 92% below), funding for these projects Save the Children 652,067 - 0% is uneven: camp coordination and UNICEF 7,417,715 2,785,149 38% camp management cluster UNDP 734,500 215,250 29% coordination requirements are UNHCR 5,165,314 596,637 12% 97% funded, and 67% for WASH, UNJLC 5,500,000 2,440,416 44% while others have received less UNFPA 321,000 342,662 107% than 50%, and in some cases less WHO 7,354,770 1,425,467 19% than 15%.

% funding Cluster* Requirements Funding coverage Camp coordination and camp management 7,317,500 7,114,517 97% Early recovery / community restoration 1,171,456 215,250 18% Education 1,809,549 104,998 6% Food security, agriculture and livelihoods 7,278,836 150,070 2% Health 8,091,033 1,425,467 18% Nutrition 2,323,400 227,107 10% Protection 7,633,664 2,439,299 32% Shelter/NFIs 5,500,000 2,440,416 44% Water, sanitation and hygiene 1,422,046 953,044 67%

*As cluster names are not standardised across appeals, this analysis aggregates similar clusters.

It is not too late for donors to make a difference for cluster coordination in 2010: the amounts required are relatively small, and cluster lead agencies can start to implement quickly. Common humanitarian funds might also be a good source of support.

FORWARD VIEW

Crises likely to have a consolidated appeal or similar concerted action plan for 2011 include Afghanistan, Central African Republic, Chad, DR Congo, the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt), the region neighbouring Iraq, Somalia, Sudan, West Africa, Yemen, and Zimbabwe. These may be joined by:

► Haiti, given the likelihood that post-earthquake humanitarian needs will persist on a scale requiring inter-agency planning and strategy. ► Republic of Congo, whose situation would need to be assessed vis-à-vis the criteria for a CAP. If the situation remains stable, an inter-agency plan will not be necessary.

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

► Guatemala, if widespread and severe food insecurity and malnutrition persist. ► Kyrgyzstan, depending on the evolution of the security and displacement situation in the affected areas. ► Uganda, depending on current assessments of whether the standards of “Durable Solutions” have been met.

Kenya is thought to be unlikely to need large-scale humanitarian action in 2011, assuming that drought eases and developmental food security programmes resolve the problems that have necessitated acute measures for the past two years. A large refugee caseload will remain, but this may not necessitate an inter-agency appeal.

Water kiosk in Baadweyne (UNICEF-Somalia, 2010)

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

2010 CONSOLIDATED APPEALS AND ACTION PLANS AT MID-YEAR

Appeal funding requests, 2010 mid-year compared to original

Original Mid-year % change since CAP Launch

Afghanistan $871 million $773 million -11%

Central African Republic $114 million $145 million +28%

Chad $451 million $542 million +20%

DR Congo $828 million $828 million 0%

Guatemala $34 million $34 million 0%

Haiti (Revised Humanit. $1,442 million $1,488 million +3% Appeal Feb. 2010)

Kenya $509 million $586 million +15% occupied Palestinian $664 million $603 million -9% territory Regional Response Plan for $365 million $367 million +1% Iraqi Refugees

Republic of Congo $59 million $59 million 0%

Somalia $689 million $596 million -13%

Sudan $1,877 million $1,843 million -2%

Uganda $197 million $184 million -7%

West Africa $368 million $568 million +54%

Yemen $181 million $187 million +3%

Zimbabwe $378 million $478 million +26%

TOTAL $9,027 million $9,281 million +3%

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Afghanistan Afghanistan’s continually deteriorating security situation places further strain on the already extremely vulnerable population and exacerbates humanitarian needs In the first four months of 2010, the average number of security incidents was 52% higher than the same period in 2009. This is due to a combination of factors including increased international military troops, security force operations in the South, and significant armed opposition groups’ activities in south-east and east Afghanistan.

International military activity is expected to surge in the South over the coming months in an effort to tackle armed opposition groups. Contingency plans have been established in anticipation of expected displacements. Currently, there are no indications that the security situation in the coming months will be any better than the situation in 2009. All security actors agree that violence is likely to increase in the short term.

Ongoing direct intimidation of national staff working for the aid community and the abduction of national staff continue to hamper programme delivery at the end of the delivery chain. Insurgents followed up on their threats against the civilian population with an average of 10 assassinations per week in 2010. This is higher than the weekly average of eight recorded through 2009. The majority of assassinations continue to occur in the south and south-east. Assassinations of community leaders and others not only discourage the population from cooperating with the Government, but also undermine the protection of aid workers accorded by the local communities.

Another humanitarian consequence of the continued insecurity is new patterns of displacement, both in numbers and in locations where they had not been earlier reported. UNHCR reported 319,316 IDPs, including pre- and post-31 December 2002 in Afghanistan.

Natural disasters have also had severe consequences on the population and reinforced the need for preparedness measures. The earthquake in Samangan in April and subsequent floods have left 3,500 families without shelter. The only opportunity to build during the summer months must be seized. Insufficient tents in-country led to a decision to allocate tents only to the most vulnerable. The remaining victims received tarpaulins to cover their immediate needs.

The Afghanistan Humanitarian Action Plan (HAP) initially requested $870.5 million for humanitarian actions including early recovery. At mid-year this figure has been revised downwards to $772.9 million to reflect the most urgent needs that can be met between now and the end of the year. The revised HAP includes 144 projects

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review from 40 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and nine UN organizations. Based on increasing needs, some new projects have been added, while others have been withdrawn or revised. As of 25 June 2010, the Afghanistan HAP is 62% funded with $482.6 million. This leaves unmet requirements of $290.3 million.

% Original Revised Unmet Uncommitted Cluster Funding Funding requirements requirements requirements pledges coverage Common 28,398,296 27,064,925 13,495,585 50% - services 13,569,340 Education 27,093,437 33,144,241 - - 33,144,241 - Emergency 50,275,661 49,174,712 19,668,302 40% - shelter 29,506,410 Food security 372,539,155 368,691,762 269,806,059 73% - and agriculture 98,885,703 Health 10,673,254 12,702,186 4,731,590 37% 7,970,596 1,000,650 Multi-sector 78,208,770 79,714,395 27,505,481 35% 52,208,914 - Not yet - - 38,502,448 n/a 549,451 specified -38,502,448 Nutrition 8,434,443 8,669,571 3,279,224 38% 5,390,347 - Protection 258,356,564 154,274,534 100,077,799 65% 54,196,735 3,055,000 Water, sanitation and 36,581,681 39,444,136 5,508,144 14% 33,935,992 - hygiene Total: 870,561,261 772,880,462 482,574,632 62% 290,305,830 4,605,101

Contact Mr. Robert Watkins Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General / UN Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator, Afghanistan Kabul Tel: +39-0831-246105 Email: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Central African Republic

So far this year, lengthy but significant progress has been made in peace consolidation in the Central African Republic (CAR). However, it has not brought any dividends to the 1.5 million people most affected in the north and east of the country. Rather, the overall humanitarian situation has deteriorated, leaving increasing numbers of people in need.

National elections initially scheduled for May 2010 have been postponed, and are expected to take place by the end of the year. Despite some progress, the disarmament of rebel group combatants as part of the peace process is still pending. Meanwhile, stalled negotiations with groups not involved in the Libreville Peace Agreement have led to violence resuming in the centre-north, leading to further population displacements. In the north-eastern Vakaga region bordering Chad and Sudan, insecurity prevails in the absence of State authorities, critically hindering humanitarian access. The continuous violence perpetrated by the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) in the far south-east has left up to 50 villages burned or empty. The violence also triggered the displacement of more than 15,000 traumatized civilians. In these areas, the protection of civilians remains a great concern as relief organizations face a steady erosion of humanitarian access. In late 2009, violence and political instability in neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) triggered the arrival of 18,000 refugees in the south of the country.

While maintaining its strategic objectives for the year, the humanitarian community is adapting its approach so it can better respond to the evolving situation. New emergency programmes have been developed to respond to the new crisis in the south-east and to the immediate needs of DRC refugees in the south. Due to growing insecurity, humanitarian agencies operating in the north- east have reviewed their approach, increasingly maintaining their delivery capacity through national partners.

A greater emphasis has been given to recovery activities in the west, not only to address the appalling situation for the population, but also to pave the way for the return of IDPs and refugees, and contribute to building a more conducive environment for reintegrating former combatants. Overall, relief activities in CAR not only bring assistance and early recovery support to communities severely affected by the conflict, but they also indirectly contribute to peace consolidation. In the absence of State authority in these areas, the strengthening of community organizations is critical to avoid, or at least mitigate, further crisis.

Health, Nutrition, Water and Sanitation, Food Security and Protection have been identified as priority sectors in the CAR Consolidated Appeal 2010. Health

18

Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review indicators remain appalling in CAR, some being the worst in the world. CAR is also prone to numerous epidemics and faces huge challenges in fighting HIV/AIDS and malaria. Protection of civilians and respect of human rights remain of serious concern in conflict-affected areas, i.e. in the north and south-east of the country. These two sectors are critically underfunded to date, despite relief organizations’ increasing expertise gained in the field since 2007, and the consolidation of the strategy through the well-functioning respective clusters. As a result, mortality indicators and life expectancy continue to deteriorate in 2010. Human rights abuses have not been limited much further than in 2009 and new forced displacements have multiplied, with the cumulated number of IDPs now reaching 192,029.

The MYR comprises 167 projects (originally 135), requiring $144.6 million (originally $113.6 million) to conduct critical humanitarian actions for the year. $49.9 million (35% of the revised requirements) has been funded. The top-priority category of projects is only 40% funded, and should receive first attention from donors. Thirty-three additional projects are designed to respond to the new needs of those affected by the LRA in the south-east and the refugee population in the south.

% Original Revised Unmet Uncommitted Cluster Funding Funding requirements requirements requirements pledges coverage Cluster not yet specified - - 2,273,442 n/a -2,273,442 - Coordination and 8,249,679 7,913,876 3,853,140 49% 262,125 support services 4,060,736 Early recovery 7,791,565 7,998,369 1,906,355 24% 6,092,014 - Education 13,472,637 18,509,199 4,758,999 26% 13,750,200 - Food security 27,148,996 39,091,644 17,271,331 44% 21,820,313 - Health 20,168,812 23,952,656 2,353,414 10% 21,599,242 - Multi-sector assistance 5,930,808 14,265,536 6,335,447 44% - to refugees 7,930,089 Nutrition 8,806,142 9,603,040 3,866,378 40% 5,736,662 - Protection 13,978,066 13,699,200 3,358,687 25% 10,340,513 - Shelter and non-food 877,000 877,000 0 0% items 877,000 Water, sanitation and 7,191,648 8,734,278 3,994,812 46% - hygiene 4,739,466

Total: 113,615,353 144,644,798 49,972,005 35% 94,672,793 262,125

Contact Mr. Bo Schack UN Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator, Central African Republic Bangui Tel: +236 70 50 12 56 / +236 75 50 12 56 Email: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Chad

The first half of 2010 has witnessed several significant changes in the humanitarian context which will affect the humanitarian response for the rest of the year. Malnutrition and food insecurity in the west and the centre, the continuing but slow return of IDPs and the prevalence of vulnerable households in the east, the continued presence of refugees in the east and south, and the imminent departure of the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT) before the end of the year, present important challenges for humanitarian actors. The new crisis in western and central Chad requires a major expansion of the humanitarian response: it is a severe and large-scale crisis of malnutrition, food insecurity, and other effects of drought that will require life-saving aid for an additional 1.6 million people. The crisis affects the Sahel belt, specifically in Kanem, Bahr El Gazal, Guera and Batha regions in western and central Chad. 50,000 children there are suffering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM), half of the nationwide total of 102,000 children with SAM.

In eastern Chad, while some IDPs are slowly returning to their places of origin or settling at third locations the great majority remain at the sites and continue to depend on humanitarian aid. The HCT is currently reviewing the return strategy for IDPs taking into account their specific needs and reviewing the criteria for receiving humanitarian aid. It is critical that sustainable solutions form an integral part of the response plans for IDP assistance and the role of early recovery in the strategy be reinforced and supported.

To address the most urgent needs of the affected populations, humanitarian actors must rapidly reinforce their capacity to respond, which requires an urgent mobilization of resources. They also strive to reinforce relevant partnerships with development actors to attempt to address the underlying vulnerabilities exacerbating food insecurity in this region while saving lives.

The new crisis brings the number of people requiring humanitarian aid in Chad to more than 2.8 million – the new caseload of 1.6 million people in the west, plus 171,000 IDPs, 20,000 returnees, 314,000 refugees, and affected host populations in eastern and southern Chad. This is likely to be compounded by droughts in the north and floods in the south which affect the country on a yearly basis, which means that humanitarian actors will need to be ready to respond to needs nationwide. A rapid and significant reinforcement of financial and human resources is therefore required so that the humanitarian community in Chad can address these challenges.

On 24 May 2010, the UN Security Council gave MINURCAT a new mandate which will expire on 31 December 2010. The withdrawal of MINURCAT is a source of

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review concern to humanitarian organizations who will face a new security environment, probably more difficult for maintaining safe and secure humanitarian space and full access to beneficiaries. The Detachment Intégré de Sécurité (DIS) will be reinforced and, together with the Chadian Gendarmerie, the Garde Nationale et Nomade du Tchad and the Armee Nationale du Tchad (ANT), provide civilian protection and security for humanitarian organizations in the east and the south-east of the country.

Despite limited funding and access constraints, key achievements during the first half of this year focus on the sustained and effective delivery of humanitarian aid in life-saving sectors such as health, nutrition, food, water, sanitation and hygiene, and protection. The number of security incidents has substantially decreased although the nature and gravity of recent incidents (including armed attacks on DIS posts, abductions, kidnapping and other attacks against humanitarian personnel and their assets) continue to be a source of great concern.

As of July 6, funding for the 2010 Chad CAP amounts to 45% of the requirements of $542.5 million. However, 56% of the total funding available so far is carry-over from 2009 and only 44% is new contributions. Agriculture, Nutrition, WASH, Protection and Early Recovery remain direly underfunded, although they are essential sectors in the humanitarian operation in Chad. The current situation requires urgent attention of donors, as populations require a comprehensive approach to their needs. (To address the most urgent inequalities amongst the sectors in eastern Chad and to respond to the food and malnutrition crisis in western Chad, the Central Emergency Response Fund has thus far allocated $13.5 million.)

The 2010 CAP requires $296.6 million for the remainder of the year, a large part of which is critical in order to address additional needs related to the food insecurity and malnutrition crisis.

% Original Revised Unmet Uncommitted Cluster Funding Funding requirements requirements requirements pledges coverage Agriculture and 16,055,099 28,607,982 2,154,089 8% 26,453,893 - livelihoods Cluster not yet - - - n/a - 27,450,000 specified Coordination and support 24,671,103 23,916,459 13,166,104 55% 10,750,355 1,975,358 services Early recovery 3,340,000 6,003,195 - 0% 6,003,195 - Education 11,016,200 12,223,655 1,490,972 12% 10,732,683 - Food assistance 161,865,470 236,904,825 195,920,389 83% 40,984,436 23,983,695 Health 13,895,028 18,064,818 6,408,315 35% 11,656,503 - Multi-sector activities for IDPs 162,950,305 163,214,185 16,698,349 10% 146,515,836 - and refugees Nutrition 17,389,690 18,863,090 2,852,385 15% 16,010,705 - Protection 11,006,537 11,130,869 2,064,142 19% 9,066,727 - Water and 28,964,333 23,547,333 5,135,634 22% 18,411,699 - sanitation Total 451,153,765 542,476,411 245,890,379 45% 296,586,032 53,409,053

Contact Mr. Michele Falavigna UN Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator, Chad N’Djamena Tel: +235 51 71 00 Email: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Democratic Republic of the Congo

A range of factors have affected the humanitarian situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) over the past six months. Three elements have been especially influential. First, the emergence of a new crisis in Equateur Province has displaced over 190,000 people into neighbouring states, and into the interior of the province itself. Second, the armed forces of DRC have continued military operations in the provinces of Ituri and North and South Kivu against the Forces démocratiques pour la libération du Rwanda (FDLR) and other armed groups. Third, the Lord’s Resistance Army has intensified its attacks in the districts of Haut and Bas-Uélé in Orientale Province.

In addition to these three key factors, other elements affecting the humanitarian situation include: the weakness of provincial institutions; the rise in intercommunal tensions, mainly related to land rights; the readjustments of some provincial administrative boundaries; and the arrival in Bandundu, Bas- Congo, Western Kasaï, and Katanga Provinces of 12,000 Congolese forcibly expelled from Angola between January and April.

In the east and north-east of the country, the situation is characterised by: Ö the resurgence and radicalisation of armed groups Ö the numbers of people newly displaced (325,236 in 2010), and the increasing permanence of displacement Ö an increase in the number of security incidents involving humanitarian workers. Between January and May, 93 such incidents were recorded, principally in the provinces of North and South Kivu, compared to 64 in the same period in 2009.

At this time, no major revision of the humanitarian strategy is envisaged, with emphasis instead on an improved prioritisation of the activities corresponding to the HAP’s five main objectives (saving lives and reducing vulnerability: reducing mortality and morbidity; reducing malnutrition rates; improving the protection of civilians; and assisting and protecting displaced people and returnees). The priority areas for humanitarian action are the provinces of North and South Kivu, Orientale (in particular the districts of Haut and Bas- Uélé, and Ituri), Eastern and Western Kasaï, Equateur, and areas that are likely to be affected by sudden-onset crises such as natural disasters or new outbreaks of violence.

In addition to refining prioritization, it is increasingly important to improve the coordination between humanitarian programmes and those geared towards improving stabilisation, early recovery of affected communities, and restoring the rule of law.

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Humanitarian actors will also have to adjust to the reconfiguration of the mandate of the United Nations Mission in DRC (MONUC). As of July 1, MONUC became the United Nations Stabilization Mission in DRC (MONUSCO), whose mandate prioritizes the protection of civilians and humanitarian actors. Although the transformation from MONUC to MONUSCO should not significantly change humanitarian strategies, the departure of UN peacekeepers from key areas (Equateur, Province Orientale, and Katanga) could have a considerable effect on planning and operations. Issues such as escorts, logistics, and security of operations and beneficiaries may all have to be reviewed, which will require all humanitarian actors to cooperate more closely together and with local authorities.

However, despite the difficult operating environment outlined above, the main constraint on humanitarian action continues to be the insufficient level of funding to programmes and projects. As of June, only 41% of the HAP’s financial requirements had been contributed (compared to 47% contributed at the same point in 2009). Funding by cluster is uneven: 57% for Food Security, 22% for logistics, down to 10% for WASH and only 7% for protection. The Common Humanitarian Fund has financed 152 projects and the CERF another 12.

Taking into consideration the overall level of funding to the HAP and the new crisis now affecting Equateur Province, the humanitarian community in DRC has determined that the original requirements of $827.6 million, and its components per cluster and province, need to be maintained. With funding already received of $335.9 million (including carry-over of $65 million), the HAP’s unmet requirements for the remainder of 2010 are $491.7 million.

% Original Revised Unmet Uncommitted Cluster Funding Funding requirements requirements requirements pledges coverage Coordination 18,093,541 18,093,541 6,735,884 37% 11,357,657 1,995,042 Education 25,065,000 25,065,000 3,637,489 15% 21,427,511 - Emergency shelter 90,394,179 90,394,179 15,568,934 17% 74,825,245 - and NFI Food security 300,594,110 300,594,110 171,553,279 57% 129,040,831 669,439 Health 60,518,890 60,518,890 9,288,402 15% 51,230,488 - Logistics 48,602,281 48,602,281 10,727,814 22% 37,874,467 - Nutrition 57,614,000 57,614,000 7,003,992 12% 50,610,008 - Protection 87,757,627 87,757,627 6,538,667 7% 81,218,960 - Reintegration and community 23,318,000 23,318,000 981,288 4% 22,336,712 - restoration Sector not yet - - 92,582,797 n/a -92,582,797 - specified WASH 115,659,000 115,659,000 11,332,759 10% 104,326,241 -

Total: 827,616,628 827,616,628 335,951,305 41% 491,665,323 2,664,481

Contact Mr. Fidele Sarassoro Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General / UN Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator, Democratic Republic of the Congo Kinshasa Tel: +243 12 33 431 Email: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Guatemala

In June, Tropical Storm Agatha struck many of the regions whose food security problems were the focus of this appeal. The direct effects of that storm are addressed in the June 2010 Guatemala Flash Appeal, and the government and country team are assessing the storm’s effects on the food insecurity and malnutrition problems in case this appeal needs to be revised or extended.

At the time of this appeal’s launch in March, Guatemala was in the grip of a protracted food insecurity crisis, which has particularly affected the approximately 2.7 million people living in the country’s so-called Dry Corridor (and neighbouring departments). Global acute malnutrition among children under five in the Dry Corridor and two neighbouring provinces is 11%, and among women of child-bearing age 13%, both above the emergency threshold of 10%. This crisis stems from a combination of factors, above all, its vulnerability to changes in global markets and to climate-related events. In 2009 Guatemala was severely affected by atypical rainfall patterns brought on by the El Niño weather phenomenon, which caused high losses in hillside and subsistence agricultural production. Furthermore, the impact of the world economic crisis in combination with continuously high food prices, a decrease in remittances, cost increases for agricultural inputs and a decrease in employment opportunities for unqualified labour, have resulted in decreased capacities of poorer populations to access food and basic services.

With lower yields of basic grain crops, household food reserves have been reduced or depleted sooner than normal. For the second consecutive year, the annual period of food shortage has started in February, three months sooner than usual. The El Niño phenomenon is forecast to further delay the rainy season, with extreme temperatures aggravating the situation. Additionally, the season of high demand for unqualified labour ended in the first quarter of 2010, which reduced options for generating income for food purchases and access to basic services. This situation of food insecurity is worsening what is already one of the highest rates of chronic malnutrition in the world (affecting 43% of children under five years old). The rise in acute malnutrition, including clinical cases of kwashiorkor and marasmus, has particularly affected the Dry Corridor in the east and centre of the country. The Dry Corridor encompasses the departments of Baja Verapaz, Jalapa, Jutiapa, El Progreso, Chiquimula, Santa Rosa, and Zacapa.

To address this situation and other concurring emergencies, the Guatemalan Government declared a State of Public Calamity on 8 September 2009, and has since spent $17.5 million in immediate food and humanitarian aid. This emergency appeal seeks $34.2 million for

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review projects targeting the Dry Corridor and the two neighbouring departments of Izabal and Quiché, addressing the sectors of food, health, nutrition, agriculture, early recovery, and water-sanitation- hygiene. Projects in these sectors are supporting and complementing national humanitarian efforts over a planning and budgeting horizon of six months (March-September), benefiting approximately 136,000 families (or 680,000 individuals). Projects included in this appeal have been planned and budgeted in consultation with the Guatemalan Government and with the in-country Humanitarian Network (a group comprised of NGO and UN partners.) The coordination with different governmental authorities has ensured necessary links among emergency response, recovery, and long-term development programmes and objectives.

To date, this appeal is only 23% funded.

(This appeal shares characteristics of both a flash appeal and consolidated appeal: it is a slow- onset but new situation needing an acute response – which may prove to be relatively short-term – yet it has been developed after a period of analysis and inclusive joint planning.)

% Original Revised Unmet Uncommitted Cluster Funding Funding requirements requirements requirements pledges coverage Agriculture and 5,542,000 5,542,000 668,000 12% 4,874,000 - livelihoods Early recovery 2,354,000 2,354,000 - 0% 2,354,000 - Food 13,928,555 13,928,555 4,702,211 34% 9,226,344 - Health 5,691,695 5,691,695 1,371,083 24% 4,320,612 - Nutrition 4,280,000 4,280,000 673,065 16% 3,606,935 - WASH 2,396,800 2,396,800 376,916 16% 2,019,884 -

Total: 34,193,050 34,193,050 7,791,275 23% 26,401,775 -

Contact Mr. René Mauricio Valdés UN Resident Coordinator, Guatemala Guatemala City Tel: +502 2384 3120 Email: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Haiti

The 2010 Humanitarian Appeal for Haiti aims to provide for the immediate humanitarian needs of more than 2 million earthquake-affected people and contribute to the foundations for longer-term recovery.

The situation in Haiti continues to be one of large-scale displacement and acute humanitarian emergency. The January 12 earthquake displaced around 1.5 million people, mainly to spontaneous settlements in the affected areas, plus 600,000 people to host families outside of the affected areas. Additionally, many people who already lived in poverty before the earthquake have since fallen into acute vulnerability. The humanitarian situation and response have largely stabilised in the months since the earthquake into continuous provision of basic needs. The Government and partners are now faced with the challenge of defining and implementing durable solutions for displaced people. To this end, the government with support of the humanitarian community has developed a settlement strategy that lays out long-term solutions to displacement, shelter, livelihoods, health, education, protection, the environment and other vital needs. The humanitarian community is already working towards the detailed operationalisation and implementation of the strategy. For the strategy to be successful, however, critical conditions still need to be met such as resolving the issue of land tenure and availability, and effective coordination between the humanitarian and reconstruction efforts under the Government’s National Plan.

Five months after the last appeal revision in February, the HCT and clusters reviewed needs, revised the overall strategy and response plans in line with Government priorities, demonstrated gaps, and updated projects accordingly. After this MYR, the appeal amounts to $1.5 billion and is 64% funded. The MYR process included a thorough update of response gaps and funding, including counting all available private donations towards appeal projects. Old and new projects were screened through a three-phase approach (clusters, inter-agency committee, Humanitarian Coordinator) in order to ensure that only projects that are time-critical and that fill the identified gaps remain in the MYR.

The four strategic objectives agreed by the humanitarian community and outlined in the February revised appeal have been met to a varying degree. The short-term target of providing a range of humanitarian support to at least 1.5 million earthquake-affected people has been largely achieved, including the relocation of people living in 21 priority high-risk sites to safe sites before the rainy season. The funding with respect to requirements for Nutrition (95%), WASH (88%), Education (94%), Protection (66%) and Health (66%) have led the way, although needs still remain to be covered in these areas. Coordination and information management structures have been established on national and sub-

26

Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review national levels capable of supporting the government in immediate and effective relief. Further funding will be necessary to continue working closely with government partners to build national coordination capacity and closing the information gap on needs and responses.

Despite these positive developments, achievement of strategic and cluster-specific objectives in other important areas has been badly affected by insufficient funding and/or by external conditions. A time-critical response gap lies in the provision of shelter in view of the hurricane season which officially started on June 1. The greatest challenge here is a lack of available land on which to build as well as continued funding shortfall (66% of requirements covered) considering that this activity is high-priority. Meanwhile alternative measures are being put in place including dedicated 24-hour humanitarian rapid-response teams in case of rain or hurricane-related incidents in spontaneous sites, and basic early warning capacities within the National Meteorological Centre. Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) also suffers from inadequate funding (45%); consequently about 46% of camps have no managing organization. Mid-year funding of early recovery has also lagged behind that for direct relief. The low funding of the Early Recovery (36%) and Agriculture (50%) clusters has delayed physical rubble removal (about 20 million m³ of rubble is still where it was five months ago) and livelihood creation. In the case of the Food Cluster, funded at 52%, general food distribution (GFD) has reached the targeted caseload and the government mandated the cessation of GFD at end of March. However needs still exist in targeted food distribution and cash/food-for-work activities. Furthermore, for preparedness, the Food Cluster and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement are pre-positioning emergency food rations in 31 locations across Haiti. In preparation for this year’s hurricane season, the Logistics Cluster is taking concrete measures to prepare for road failure by mapping alternative access routes, prepositioning essential logistical assets, and maintaining minimum air assets.

% Original Revised Unmet Uncommitted Cluster Funding Funding requirements requirements requirements pledges coverage Agriculture 23,000,000 58,818,036 29,232,939 50% 29,585,097 0 CCCM 1,300,000 78,779,460 35,490,906 45% 43,288,554 0 Cluster not specified - - 33,609,556 n/a -33,609,556 16,675,613 Coordination and 10,487,579 21,861,148 20,215,637 92% 1,645,511 1,147,773 support services Early recovery 49,218,850 140,705,800 50,024,308 36% 90,681,492 0 Education 11,100,000 87,536,872 82,076,148 94% 5,460,724 0 Emerg. telecomms 782,460 4,433,765 782,460 18% 3,651,305 0 Food aid 246,039,060 486,742,542 254,542,640 52% 232,199,902 0 Health 33,900,000 140,320,179 92,422,581 66% 47,897,598 450,000 Logistics 33,527,705 84,143,876 55,161,618 66% 28,982,258 0 Nutrition 48,400,000 48,108,992 45,714,921 95% 2,394,071 0 Protection 16,230,000 71,867,732 47,365,596 66% 24,502,136 100,000 Shelter and non- 29,250,000 155,533,354 103,074,180 66% 52,459,174 120,000 food items WASH 58,825,000 109,243,454 96,676,194 88% 12,567,260 0

Total 562,060,654 1,488,095,210 946,389,684 64% 541,705,526 18,493,386

Contact Mr. Nigel Fisher Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General / Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator, Haiti Tel: +509 222 9 67 00, ext. 3598 Email: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Kenya

Acute emergency needs in Kenya are gradually subsiding. Food security has improved for drought-affected pastoral and marginal agricultural households following the satisfactory 2009/10 short-rains season and the early start to the 2010 long rains. The number of moderately to highly insecure people requiring food assistance has declined by 58%, from 3.8 million identified in the August 2009 Long Rains Assessment (LRA) to the current 1.6 million people identified in the Short Rains Assessment (SRA) from March to August 2010. However, recovery is significantly hampered by the destructive effects of a succession of poor rainy seasons on livelihood productivity and resilience. Improvements are further moderated by displacement or loss of livelihood assets following flash floods, conflict and persistent high food prices. Lingering food insecurity remains particularly high in the pastoral and marginal agricultural regions.

Efforts to address high food insecurity through continued food assistance for the most vulnerable are key to supporting the recovery process. This includes scaling up food-for-asset activities to benefit 407,000 people, and emergency school meals in some of the semi-arid districts in addition to the regular school feeding programmes elsewhere. While some improvements in nutrition have been noted, levels of acute malnutrition are still unacceptably high in the arid and semi-arid land (ASAL) areas, with an estimated 43,000 children currently suffering severe acute malnutrition. High-impact nutrition interventions therefore remain a priority. They include micronutrient supplementation, de-worming, breastfeeding support, complementary feeding and treatment of acute malnutrition. Populations in urban-poor settlements continue to be of concern, with at least 3.5 million urban dwellers struggling to meet their food needs.

Since January 2010, flooding has affected 130,000 people across Kenya. Floods and landslides occurred in Rift Valley, North-eastern, Coast, Western and Nyanza provinces, prompting temporary displacement and causing dozens of casualties. The continuation of enhanced rainfall expected over the western districts is likely to sustain the current flooding in the flood-prone areas, such as Budalang’i and Kano plains. The possibility of flooding along the Tana River could affect thousands and surpass local capacities to respond, in contrast to the swift and comprehensive response observed so far.

Cholera remains a concern: it has cumulatively affected 27 districts nationwide. There have been 2,705 cases and 45 deaths since the beginning of the year. While outbreaks have been controlled in 16 districts, new cases were reported in six districts in May. El Niño rains established conducive conditions for vector-borne and other communicable diseases.

The crisis in Somalia continues to cause significant refugee arrivals in Dadaab (at

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review an average of 4,600 people per month). A total of 22,998 new asylum-seekers were registered between January and May 2010. By 31 May 2010, the three Dadaab camps were host to 276,109 refugees – more than three times their holding capacity. In December 2009, 1,370 hectares of land were allocated for the expansion of Dadaab’s Ifo II camp, to enable decongestion and allow for new arrivals to be accommodated.

Recurrent internal displacement in Kenya remains a source of concern. Approximately 55,000 IDPs from the 2007/08 post-election violence are living in transit sites and in self-help groups. These people face acute humanitarian needs and have limited access to services. A draft national IDP policy was finalized in March 2010 and is awaiting submission to the Cabinet. Mau Forest evictions have moved into their third phase: an anticipated one-year process of moving residents out of the forest area is likely to affect an estimated 10,000 households. The humanitarian situation of those already evicted remains difficult, with an estimated 2,689 households continuing to live in camp-like conditions. An estimated 300,000 Kenyans have been displaced by other factors including natural disasters, conflicts over limited resources and earlier instances of politically motivated violence. The overall political environment remains fragile, with the polarization of the different political groups during the constitution-revision process and the forthcoming referendum on the draft constitution, which is scheduled for August 2010. The International Criminal Court’s interest in Kenya’s developments during the 2007-2008 post- election violence period resulted in investigation procedures being launched in April 2010. These processes are likely to add to the climate of tension and distrust among different groups.

The Kenya Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan (EHRP) 2010 is 52% funded as of 25 June 2010. $305.8 million against the revised requirements of $585.9 million has been resourced. However new funding is much less than that: some 48.5% of these funds are carry-over from 2009.

Original Revised Unmet % Uncommitted Funding Sector requirements requirements requirements Covered pledges ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) Agriculture and livestock 21,130,919 21,130,919 3,211,439 17,919,480 15% - Coordination 2,430,971 2,505,164 516,507 1,988,657 21% 500,000 Early recovery 17,046,090 15,451,289 180,003 15,271,286 1% - Education 3,249,425 3,249,425 - 3,249,425 0% - Food aid 150,004,503 180,379,703 165,953,810 14,425,893 92% - Health 12,824,554 17,877,221 5,320,600 12,556,621 30% - Multi-sector assistance for refugees 257,359,261 296,252,062 110,646,436 185,605,626 37% - Nutrition 25,488,398 28,314,933 13,193,959 15,120,974 47% - Protection 3,375,705 3,375,705 - 3,375,705 0% - Shelter and NFIs 935,071 888,100 215,160 672,940 24% - Water, sanitation and hygiene 14,701,230 16,469,410 3,690,600 12,778,810 22% - Sector not yet specified - - 2,839,512 - 2,839,512 0% - Total 508,546,127 585,893,931 305,768,026 280,125,905 52% 500,000

Contact Mr. Aeneas Chuma UN Resident Coordinator/Humanitarian Coordinator, Kenya Nairobi Tel: +254 20 62 44 62 Email: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Mongolia

The 2009-10 winter, which was extremely harsh even by Mongolian standards, has caused an increase in maternal and child mortality, an unprecedented loss of livestock, and the collapse of thousands of people’s livelihoods and many basic services. This phenomenon is known locally as a dzud which is a complex, long-lasting natural disaster in which a summer drought is followed by heavy snowfalls and unusually low temperatures in winter, and then by a dangerous spring thaw. Fifteen of Mongolia’s 21 provinces, home to 769,106 people (28% of the country’s population), have been declared disaster zones, and another four are seriously affected. An overall lack of resources prompted the Mongolian Government to appeal for assistance from the international community.

Although the winter months are over, heavy snowfall and sub- zero temperatures persisted in many areas, prolonging and intensifying the suffering for people and their livestock. The affected population is suffering from a range of effects of the dzud, including lack of access to health care, widespread food insecurity, loss of livelihoods, risk of a mass exodus of people from rural areas to the cities in search of employment, and psychological trauma for affected herders and their families.

The thick snow cover has also meant that livestock, vital to the livelihoods of much of Mongolia’s population, have been unable to graze. Together with the summer drought which prevented collection of adequate forage, and with the extreme cold, this has caused widespread deaths of animals and serious consequences for the people who depend on them. By the end of April 2010, more than 7.8 million head of livestock (some 17% of all Mongolia’s livestock) had perished nation-wide. The loss of livestock plus a falling livestock birth rate have had a devastating impact on affected herders and rural communities: the livestock sector provides livelihoods for 30% of Mongolia’s population and represents 16% of the country’s gross domestic product. At present, almost 9,000 households (45,000 people) have been left without animals and face a grim immediate future.

The concerns raised by the disaster require a greater emphasis on combining relief, early recovery efforts and medium- to longer-term interventions, plus the formulation of strategies to prevent a recurrence of the situation and to mitigate herders’ vulnerability in the future. The response required for the dzud is qualitatively different from what would normally be needed in natural disasters. Unlike sudden-onset emergencies, the dzud in Mongolia has evolved slowly and has progressively widened its geographical reach, forcing ever-growing numbers of people into a battle for basic survival. While the summer drought laid the disaster’s foundations, and the extreme winter worsened it, the worst of the impact is being felt in the springtime and early summer.

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

This Appeal’s strategic objectives are: to address the most critical humanitarian needs of the vulnerable groups and institutions between May 2010 and April 2011; to address the protracted humanitarian and early recovery needs of the affected population by means of livelihood-based humanitarian programming to prevent further or renewed deterioration into a humanitarian emergency; and to put in place

Boy carrying weak animal. UNICEF/ 2010/NewsMN/Nyamsaikhan preparedness, disaster risk reduction and contingency planning in anticipation of worsening conditions or to deal with other disasters.

The Appeal targets herders and their families (749,000 individuals) who will remain in rural areas, plus those who for their own survival are predicted to migrate to peri-urban areas (at least 20,000 people) where they will have limited access to employment and basic social services. It focuses on limiting further livestock losses, providing immediate income-generating opportunities and creating alternative livelihoods. There is also a critical need to build capacity of the Government for coordination and preparedness.

The humanitarian community is seeking $18.2 million to address the immediate, early recovery, and preparedness needs of 769,106 people affected by the dzud over a planning and budgeting period extending to April 2011. Funding to date of $1.9 million Over 7 million head of livestock died in four months. UNDP/2010/ Bunchingiv leaves unmet requirements of $16.3 million.

% Original Revised Unmet Cluster Funding Funding Uncommitted requirements requirements requirements coverage pledges Agriculture 7,807,225 7,807,225 1,375,200 18% 6,432,025 - Early recovery 4,430,000 4,430,000 350,000 8% 4,080,000 - Education 2,805,039 2,805,039 - 0% 2,805,039 - Not specified - - 155,202 n/a -155,202 - Survival, WASH, health 3,108,530 3,108,530 - 0% 3,108,530 - & nutrition Total: 18,150,794 18,150,794 1,880,402 10% 16,270,392 -

Contact Ms. Rana Flowers UN Resident Coordinator a.i., Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Tel: +976 11 312201 Email: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Nepal

The peace process in Nepal continues to face challenges, more than three years after the signing of the peace agreement resulting in an unresolved political stalemate among the three main political parties. Tensions mounted as the May 28 deadline for drafting the new constitution approached. A week-long general strike called by the Unified Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist at the beginning of May asking for the Prime Minister’s resignation and the creation of a consensus government brought government and humanitarian services to a standstill. Although immediate political crisis was averted when the political parties reached a last-minute three-points deal on May 28, disagreement over the formation of power-sharing and integration and rehabilitation of former Maoist army personnel have continued. Criminal activity has flourished in this climate of political instability and weak law and order, in particular in Terai districts. Political uncertainty combined with frequent droughts and floods and sustained high food price inflation have contributed to increased food insecurity. Paddy production, for example, fell by 11% from last year, and a 400,000 metric tons (MTs) grain deficit is expected in 2010. In addition, malnutrition rates are the worst in Asia: acute malnutrition is estimated at 13%.

Hunger and malnutrition have emerged as a ‘silent crisis’ in Nepal. Three and a half million people in Nepal today are considered moderately to severely food-insecure. Ongoing political deadlock and instability combined with frequent droughts and floods and sustained high food price inflation have compounded endemic factors, leading to increased vulnerability to food insecurity in the country. With inflation rates at 18% as of May 2010, food prices have surpassed those at the height of the 2008 international food crisis, placing those already vulnerable to food insecurity at an even greater risk.

As a response to these humanitarian needs, since the beginning of the year, 770,000 beneficiaries have received food or cash-for-assets; 85,000 children aged 6-59 months received micronutrient supplements and 3.6 million received vitamin A and de-worming medicine. WFP distributed 21,140 MTs of food in food-insecure districts; and FAO provided 103,111 farming households with essential seeds and fertilizers for the summer crop season. Emergency response funds supported water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) activities in five diarrhoea and flood- prone districts. An additional 190,000 households in 18 disaster-prone districts have been identified for WASH campaigns.

The humanitarian strategy was designed to respond to current and predictable humanitarian needs, while improving preparedness to reduce future caseloads. This strategy remains valid, and includes a focus on partnerships and capacity-building.

A lack of funding across all sectors is a major constraint. The Appeal only includes projects in Food Security, Refugees, Disaster Preparedness

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review and Coordination. Following consultations with the government, appeal projects have been excluded from certain clusters. The priorities and response strategy for the clusters remain valid. The appeal amount has increased by $1.5 million, mainly due to increased needs to meet food security challenges. The 2010 Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal has received $53.7 million as of the MYR. An additional $71.4 million out of $125 million total requirements are urgently needed to reach more the 3.5 million vulnerable people.

% Original Revised Unmet Cluster Funding Funding Uncommitted requirements requirements requirements coverage pledges Cluster not specified - - 124,575 n/a -124,575 - Coordination 1,799,017 1,823,377 291,731 16% 1,531,646 - Disaster preparedness 3,588,000 3,588,000 - 0% 3,588,000 - Food security and 92,148,180 93,179,190 43,234,220 46% 49,944,970 - nutrition Refugees (multi- 25,969,400 26,458,559 10,032,897 38% 16,425,662 - sector) Total 123,504,597 125,049,126 53,683,423 43% 71,365,703 -

Contact Mr. Robert Piper UN Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator, Nepal Kathmandu Tel:+977 1 552 4366; +977 1 552 3200, ext. 1500 Email: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

occupied Palestinian territory

Since the launch of the 2010 Consolidated Appeal for the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt), there have been no major changes in the humanitarian situation. The key features of the occupation, such as military operations, the movement, access, and planning regime in the West Bank, and the blockade on Gaza, continue to deny people their basic human rights and create a forced dependence on humanitarian assistance. While there are some improvements in employment opportunities in the West Bank, the blockade on Gaza continues to erode livelihoods and basic infrastructure there. Sixty-one percent of Gaza’s households and 25% of households in the West Bank remain food-insecure, with at least 300,000 Palestinian refugees in Gaza living in conditions of abject poverty. Tens of thousands of Palestinians – a potential 60,000 in Jerusalem in particular – are at risk of home demolitions and displacement because they are unable to obtain building permits for their houses.

The main achievements in the humanitarian response so far in 2010 have been to expand food voucher schemes in the West Bank, which provide assistance to urban and peri-urban poor while simultaneously supporting the local economy; the enhancement of the response in Area C – identified as one of the most vulnerable areas in the oPt; more systematic and efficient emergency response to home demolitions; and increased access to legal aid. At the process level, data collection and analysis in some clusters/sectors has significantly improved – especially as regards the priority areas of Area C and East Jerusalem. Joint cross-cluster planning and advocacy for these two areas has also been a major achievement in 2010. With the ongoing restrictions on humanitarian space both in Gaza and the West Bank, the continued functioning of an access support unit has benefited the entire humanitarian community through negotiation of access for staff and goods with the relevant Israeli authorities.

For the remainder of the year, the top priorities of the humanitarian community are to: Ö continue to promote respect for international humanitarian law and human rights, especially in relation to the need to lift the blockade on the Gaza Strip, and reduce movement, access and planning restrictions in the West Bank, including Area C and East Jerusalem. Ö pursue efforts to increase operational space for humanitarian agencies. This includes access to Gaza, especially for the material needed to address urgent water, sanitation and hygiene, housing, health and education needs; permits for humanitarian projects in Area C; and facilitation of movement of ambulances and humanitarian staff

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

through checkpoints, including into enclaves isolated by the Barrier. Ö improve water quality and availability for 1.7 million people; provide micronutrient supplements to 220,000 children and 100,000 pregnant women to prevent stunting and anaemia; provide food aid/food vouchers to 1.6 million people and create cash-for-work (CfW) opportunities for 103,000 people; reach 261 isolated communities with mobile health clinics and increase coverage of maternal health care; renovate 116 schools and provide remedial education to 168,700 children; and extend livelihood support to 88,000 people dependent on agriculture; and otherwise reach the needs outlined in the 2010 Consolidated Appeal. Ö operationalize contingency plans for a natural disaster or escalation of the conflict through pre-positioning of relief items and establishing procurement links. Ö enhance cluster/sector coordination and information management to create a foundation for joint, results-based planning of humanitarian action.

At mid-year, the oPt 2010 CAP is 42% funded. The humanitarian community in oPt originally appealed for $664.5 million for 236 projects. As of 25 June 2010, $254 million had been received, including carry-over funds from 2009. Uneven and/or low funding in some clusters/sectors threatens the implementation of key projects and greatly impairs partners’ ability to meet stated objectives. During the Mid-Year Review, requirements have been revised down to $603 million through the merging of some projects, the removal of others due to lack of funds, and the downward revision of requirements to reflect the remaining implementation period.

Original Revised Funding Unmet % Uncommitted Cluster requirements requirements ($) requirements Covered pledges ($) ($) ($) ($) Agriculture 45,454,326 46,488,762 5,763,753 40,725,009 12% - Cash for work and 194,437,846 193,033,142 51,087,170 141,945,972 26% - cash assistance Cluster not specified - - 11,659,760 - 11,659,760 n/a 1,345,895 Coordination and 23,486,031 23,307,169 16,142,582 7,164,587 69% 788,600 support services Education 23,693,700 23,693,700 3,078,520 20,615,180 13% - Food security 248,439,364 183,154,461 104,160,392 78,994,069 57% - Health and nutrition 21,852,355 22,350,184 15,814,409 6,535,775 71% - Protection 53,674,467 55,404,485 25,544,876 29,859,609 46% - Shelter and non-food 15,310,261 17,010,776 10,818,951 6,191,825 64% - items Water, sanitation and 38,125,338 38,521,891 9,959,157 28,562,734 26% - hygiene Total 664,473,688 602,964,570 254,029,570 348,935,000 42% 2,134,495

Contact Mr. Maxwell Gaylard Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General / UN Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator, occupied Palestinian territory Jerusalem Tel: +972 545 627 839 Email: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Regional Response Plan for Iraqi Refugees, d I H it i A ti Pl The 2010 Regional Response Plan (RRP) for Iraqi Refugees provides a strategic framework for responding to the immediate needs of Iraqi refugees in 12 countries: Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt, Iran and the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.

The RRP represents the efforts of all agencies to agree on common objectives, enhance coordination and ensure complementarity in responding to the needs of Iraqi refugees in the region. The RRP also looks at the future and focus the humanitarian community’s efforts on paving the way for durable solutions for Iraqis displaced in the region. The RRP is led and coordinated by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

Across the region, host countries continue offering their hospitality and protection to Iraqi refugees. New refugees continue to arrive. New registrations, including of Iraqis who had not previously approached UNHCR’s offices, take place every month, especially in the three countries hosting the largest numbers of Iraqis (Syria, Jordan and Lebanon). With the security situation in Iraq still precarious and the country’s political future uncertain, the humanitarian community does not expect the number of refugees to reduce significantly in the remainder of 2010. Indeed, the number of families who have approached humanitarian agencies for assistance to return to Iraq remains extremely low.

Local integration is not possible for the vast majority of Iraqi refugees. Therefore, resettlement to third countries remains for now the most likely durable solution for a large number of Iraqi refugees in the region. The generosity of resettlement countries has allowed UNHCR to submit over 100,000 people for resettlement since 2007. However, with limited places and overwhelming needs, resettlement remains the exception rather than the norm. It is more vital than ever for the humanitarian community to continue working with host countries and donor governments to ensure that the precious asylum space is preserved and basic needs are met.

As the Iraqi refugee situation takes on the characteristics of a protracted crisis, the needs of the most vulnerable are becoming increasingly desperate. Savings are now depleted and disturbing regional trends are observed in health, nutrition and education. The humanitarian community continues to offer primary and secondary health care, but a lack of funding has severely impaired its ability to provide tertiary health care when the Iraqi refugee population shows disproportionate numbers of chronic and grave diseases. Despite humanitarian actors’ assistance, many refugees compromise the quantity and quality of their nutrition as a financial coping mechanism, creating more health- related issues. In some instances, children drop out of school to support their families,

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review as they are more likely to find work than their parents.

At the time of preparing this MYR, many humanitarian agencies operating in the Iraq situation have not received any funding against the RRP. UNHCR has the largest budget requirements, but its regional refugee programmes are only 5% funded in terms of grants earmarked directly to these country programmes.* As the humanitarian community in the region continues working together to align strategies, analyse trends and pull resources together, support from the host countries and the international community is more essential than ever.

% Original Revised Unmet Working Group Funding Funding requirements requirements requirements coverage Jordan - Community-Based 56,078,909 56,146,886 10,392,737 19% 45,754,149 Protection Working Group Jordan - Education Working 23,152,745 23,152,745 1,249,267 5% 21,903,478 Group Jordan - Health Working Group 32,234,535 32,280,535 8,617,400 27% 23,663,135 Lebanon - Education Working 3,626,523 3,626,523 94,031 3% 3,532,492 Group Lebanon - Health Working Group 2,451,118 2,451,118 - 0% 2,451,118 Lebanon - Protection Working 9,213,011 9,213,011 - 0% 9,213,011 Group Lebanon - Relief and Community 6,598,948 6,598,948 368,462 6% 6,230,486 Empowerment Working Group Regional 450,000 450,000 - 0% 450,000 Syria - Education Working Group 32,716,913 32,028,913 11,639,978 36% 20,388,935 Syria - Food Working Group 40,975,244 32,954,952 7,270,521 22% 25,684,431 Syria - Health Working Group 35,817,821 41,673,034 6,417,460 15% 35,255,574 Syria - Palestinians Refugees from 1,728,942 1,728,942 435,984 25% 1,292,958 Iraq Working Group Syria - Protection Working Group 119,599,367 125,019,367 14,814,405 12% 110,204,962 WORKING GROUP NOT - - 1,340,452 n/a -1,340,452 SPECIFIED Total 364,644,076 367,324,974 62,640,697* 17%* 304,684,277*

IRAQ HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN The 2010 Iraq Humanitarian Action Plan (IHAP) was prepared with an emerging consensus that Iraq has passed the acute humanitarian emergency phase and is progressing towards normalized relations and improved Government capacity to address the country’s longer-term recovery and security challenges. Indeed, the legacy of decade-long sanctions, conflicts, sectarian violence, under-development and neglect cannot be reversed in a short time. While the country experiences a fragile transition to development, considerable and protracted needs still exist. Many of these needs must still be tackled through urgent humanitarian actions. In this context, the 2010 IHAP focuses on enduring vulnerabilities across Iraq, while targeting assistance to 26 priority districts where humanitarian needs are most acute.

During the first half of 2010, Iraq was largely spared the significant levels of violence and internal displacement witnessed between 2006 and 2008. Therefore, the scenario based on the gradual stabilization of the country, which underpins the 2010 IHAP, is still valid. The March 2010 parliamentary elections, contested by four main political blocs, each appealing to a constituency defined mainly along sectarian or ethnic lines, is considered the main event in the MYR reporting

* There is also an amount available for UNHCR programmes in Iraq and the region, on the order of $150 million. When parts of this are applied to these regional refugee programmes, the funding percentage will significantly increase.

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review period, and has greatly influenced other developments in the country. The exact composition of Iraq’s parliament and the ruling coalition was not finalized at the time of preparing the MYR. While Iraqis await the formation of a new and representative Government, the extended period of political uncertainty has delayed key decision-making processes within the Iraqi administration, thus affecting the implementation of many IHAP programmes and projects.

Insufficient funding has seriously constrained the implementation of UN and NGO assistance projects in Iraq planned in the 2010 IHAP. Many projects have not begun. As of 25 June 2010, the 2010 IHAP was only 28% funded, with $52.7 million, of which $30.4 million or 58% are funds carried over from 2009. New donor contributions amount to a mere 12% ($22.3 million) of total requirements for 2010. The apparent lack of donor support for the humanitarian actions in Iraq places immense pressure on agency operations during the transition towards the cycle of the UN Development Assistance Framework for 2011 to 2014.

The lack of donor response has had a profound impact on UN and NGO agencies’ outputs in Iraq: out of 48 monitoring indicators tracked in this 2010 IHAP, as many as nine were reporting a zero implementation rate due to lack of funding.

The MYR process allowed partners to re-examine the joint humanitarian strategy for Iraq and review their funding requirements. The overall funding requirements for the IHAP have slightly decreased from $193.6 million to $187.7 million. Despite increases in WFP’s requirements (due to the inclusion of its Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation and capacity-building programmes), the inclusion of the Danish Refugee Council and its financial requirements, and the inclusion of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) entire operating budget for Iraq, the funding requirements were entirely offset by voluntary reductions from several UN agencies and IOM.

(The IHAP does not present project-by-project details of funding requirements.)

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Republic of Congo

Despite a positive donor response to the Republic of Congo Consolidated Appeal launched in March 2010, a significant portion of humanitarian needs remain unmet for refugees in Likouala Department and for the host communities. The presence of 114,700 refugees has caused the socio- economic situation to deteriorate in the host region due to the heavy burden imposed on the local population estimated at 65,000 people. This is compounded by significant challenges in security and logistics, hampering the delivery of humanitarian assistance. The cost of response activities is high and further support is essential to reach the most remote areas and vulnerable people in dire need of assistance.

A key achievement during the first part of 2010 was the successful continuation of delivering humanitarian aid, despite the limited means to do so. Some 35,000 refugees received non-food items (NFIs); infrastructure and housing for refugees have been constructed; 16 new health centres were built; some 17,000 refugee students were enrolled at primary schools and more than 70,000 food rations were distributed. Furthermore, potable water has been delivered to a significant proportion of the refugees, and initial steps have been taken to help refugees to obtain some degree of self- sufficiency through the provision of supplies, seeds, agricultural equipment and fishing gear. However, the situation remains challenging and existing needs have not yet been covered.

Until the end of the year, priority sectors remain protection, health, nutrition, education and livelihoods. In the area of protection, cases of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in refugee sites require specific attention with regard to awareness-raising, prevention, and clinical and psycho-social support for victims. If the current support comes to an end, the precarious health situation faced by many refugees and the local population may further decline and turn into a serious humanitarian catastrophe. Health, including reproductive health kits and sanitary materials for women, continues to require constant attention in order to avoid a health crisis that might have direct consequences on the lives of refugees and local populations. Special attention is also required to sustainable livelihoods that allow refugees to be self-reliant. Additional food stocks as well as further supplies of seeds and tools are needed. In the education sector, some 15,000 children are still deprived of their right to education. Promotion of pre-school education, provision of equipment to education centres, and teacher training and monitoring are priorities until the end of this year.

During the emergency phase, the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) has been the only source of funding for some agencies that were prepared to assist the host communities in the key sectors of health, agriculture and education.

The humanitarian situation remains alarming because key sectors that are

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review crucial for the humanitarian response operation are only funded around or below 10%. This particularly concerns education, shelter, NFIs, water, sanitation and hygiene, and livelihoods.

As of 25 June 2010, funding for the Republic of Congo (RoC) appeal amounts to $25 million. This represents 43% of the total required amount of $59 million. Therefore, as of the MYR, the RoC still requires $33,399,717 in order to provide adequate humanitarian assistance until the end of the year.

Original Revised Unmet % Funding Cluster requirements requirements requirements Covered ($) ($) ($) ($)

Education 2,558,218 2,558,218 708,073 1,850,145 28%

Food 30,503,327 30,503,327 13,895,585 16,607,742 46%

Health 4,658,959 4,658,959 2,185,359 2,473,600 47%

Livelihoods 1,674,424 1,674,424 561,750 1,112,674 34%

Protection 2,455,435 2,455,435 1,108,964 1,346,471 45%

Shelter and NFIs 12,193,943 12,193,943 5,321,325 6,872,618 44%

WASH 4,941,531 4,941,531 1,805,064 3,136,467 37%

Total 58,985,837 58,985,837 25,586,120 33,399,717 43%

Contact Mr. Lamin Manneh UN Resident Coordinator, Republic of Congo Brazzaville Tel: +242 677 599/608 576 Email: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Somalia

Delivering humanitarian assistance in Somalia has been extremely challenging in terms of humanitarian access, insecurity, funding and the overall environment for humanitarian aid. The 2010 appeal was designed to address and respond to the following main humanitarian concerns: 1) the consequences of several consecutive seasons of protracted drought; 2) the massive population displacement and widespread human rights violations suffered by civilians due to ongoing conflict in the centre and south; 3) the rising vulnerability of rural and urban peoples; 4) the widespread risk of increasing malnutrition throughout the country; and 5) very limited access and continued extreme insecurity. All of this occurred in a fragile political and security situation, coupled with a weak economy.

Mid-way through 2010, a widespread humanitarian crisis persists in Somalia, with 3.2 million people (43% of the total population) in need of humanitarian aid. This includes 1.4 million IDPs, including an estimated 200,000 people (of whom 100,000 are from Mogadishu alone) displaced countrywide since the beginning of the year. One in six Somali children is malnourished, with the number rising to one in five in south central regions. By mid-year, drought had been replaced with severe flooding in the riverine areas in southern Somalia. Somali refugees continue crossing the border into neighbouring countries, and conflict along the border regions has flared up. This highlights the regional dimension of the crisis.

While needs have not decreased in the first half of 2010, changes in the operating context have forced a dramatic shift in the humanitarian response strategy. This shift is due to three main factors: 1) continued reduction in access to areas and populations in greatest need; 2) reduced overall humanitarian funding; and 3) an atmosphere of increased scrutiny and expectation for humanitarian operators. In the first quarter of 2010, the humanitarian community has had to deal with questions regarding suspended and ongoing aid activities (following the forced temporary suspension of WFP food distributions in most of southern and parts of central Somalia); low funding for key non-food clusters; and issues related to risk management. This has occurred in a complex and dangerous environment characterized by escalating violence, and by ongoing hostilities in the central regions, Mogadishu, and the border areas with Ethiopia and Kenya. This has added to fears of a large-scale offensive that would cause further loss of life, injury and displacement.

Humanitarian actors have focused on maintaining a lifeline of support to the most vulnerable people in Somalia. Systems to deal with the risks of aid diversion have been put in place by all UN agencies operational in Somalia to ensure the maximum amount of aid reaches where it is most needed. Even with the forced suspension of WFP projects in a

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review large swathe of southern Somalia, food to provide 80,000 meals every day plus rations for 260,000 is still continuing in Mogadishu. Throughout Somalia, the Food Cluster aims to provide food assistance to 1.95 million people through relief distribution, nutrition interventions, school meals and recovery food-for-work projects. NGOs and the UN are continuing with other forms of assistance in health, water, nutrition, education and protection. For example, nearly 94,000 acutely malnourished people benefited from selected feeding and nearly 83,000 children continued to benefit from school feeding programmes. Eighty-eight new sites to implement blanket supplementary feeding were established in Mudug and Galgaduud regions, serving nearly 80,000 children monthly. Despite limited funding, nearly 110,000 children received emergency education. 90% of outbreak rumours were investigated and responded to within 96 hours. Approximately 1.3 million people, both IDPs and drought-affected populations, benefited from safe water.

In this context of increasing complexity, fears of politicization of humanitarian aid and scarcity of funds, partners have undertaken a thorough examination of which critical activities should be prioritized and what is realistically achievable by the end of the year. It must be stressed that needs have not reduced. As a consequence, most clusters have focused their attention on life-saving actions and, where the situation permits, support to livelihoods. Some recovery programmes have been suspended in favour of targeted feeding programmes, emergency nutrition interventions and response to outbreaks of communicable diseases such as cholera. Nearly all programmes have relied more heavily on national partners to deliver assistance and will continue to do so.

Working through the clusters, the aid community has revised the funding requirements, looking at each cluster individually, as needs in certain clusters have actually increased. Other clusters have decreased to a varying degree, not because of reduced requirements but rather decreased access and funds to implement in the first half of the year. The revised Consolidated Appeal for Somalia seeks $596.1 million to address the most urgent humanitarian needs in Somalia in those areas that agencies and their partners can reach. This is a 13% reduction from the original requirement of $689 million. As of June, $333.8 million (56%) of funding had been recorded against revised requirements, leaving unmet requirements of $262.3 million.

Original Revised % Funding Unmet Uncommitted Cluster Funding requirements requirements coverage requirements pledges Agriculture and 42,688,583 33,604,498 13,957,376 42% 19,647,122 75,600 livelihoods Cluster not specified - - 15,349,439 n/a -15,349,439 6,429,070 Education 23,440,282 18,096,573 5,692,517 31% 12,404,056 - Enabling 11,113,722 12,698,744 2,475,804 19% 10,222,940 674,764 programmes Food aid 332,703,314 291,344,385 230,443,181 79% 60,901,204 - Health 46,444,869 49,609,926 17,090,789 34% 32,519,137 - Logistics 33,042,357 18,310,708 7,335,583 40% 10,975,125 - Nutrition 41,977,303 36,411,647 14,564,950 40% 21,846,697 - Protection 51,530,233 46,626,798 9,840,870 21% 36,785,928 - Shelter and NFIs 58,087,544 46,928,995 6,467,415 14% 40,461,580 - WASH 47,980,408 42,492,058 10,615,827 25% 31,876,231 - Total: 689,008,615 596,124,332 333,833,751 56% 262,290,581 7,179,434

Contact Mr. Mark Bowden UN Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator, Somalia Nairobi Tel: +254 20 425 5201 Email: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Sudan

During the first half of 2010, the situation in Sudan has mostly evolved in line with the most likely scenario identified in the 2010 Work Plan. Key elections in Sudan passed without large-scale incidents. While the humanitarian situation remains worrisome in the south, the situation in Darfur is generally stable despite the recent resumption of low-level rebel activity.

Despite these signs of progress, significant humanitarian needs remain in Sudan due to ongoing civil and political tensions, chronic vulnerabilities and susceptibility to sudden- onset natural disasters. The precarious conditions of vulnerable populations in high-risk areas, and the conflict- and disaster-related vulnerability of at-risk groups such as refugees, internally displaced people (IDPs) and returnees, continue to generate a need for further humanitarian assistance. This need is exacerbated by food insecurity; inter- tribal violence and the presence of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) in Southern Sudan; tensions along traditional migratory routes in the Three Protocol Areas (Abyei, Blue Nile State and Southern Kordofan); and conflict between Government forces and opposition groups in Darfur which continues to impair service provision and the re-establishment of livelihoods.

2010 is the final year of implementing the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). Benchmarks such as border demarcation, agreements on wealth-sharing arrangements and citizenship issues have yet to be resolved. Insecurity and two failed harvests have led to an alarming deterioration of humanitarian conditions in Southern Sudan since 2009. Positive progress has been made in establishing coherent coordination structures, including the roll-out of the cluster approach, developing and synchronizing contingency plans across the country, and pre-positioning humanitarian supplies, particularly food and non-food items (NFIs) before the rainy season. However, the general humanitarian response is hindered by the lack of capacity and funding.

Humanitarian indicators remain stable in Darfur, although the overall situation has not significantly improved since a year ago. The stalled peace process and the resulting resumption of fighting between the increasingly fractured rebel groups and the Government are a serious concern. In addition to the insecurity and bureaucratic impediments that continue to restrict unhindered humanitarian access in Darfur, incidents against humanitarian workers are steadily shrinking humanitarian space. Despite these realities and constraints, seven years into the conflict the humanitarian community needs to address the issue of aid dependence, especially for IDPs living in camps. To reduce overall dependence, two key elements include improved vulnerability targeting and greater investment in areas such as

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review agriculture, environment, education, governance and livelihoods.

Following the MYR, the 2010 Work Plan comprises 465 projects from the original 410 projects, requiring $1.84 billion (reduced from the originally requested $1.88 billion) to conduct critical humanitarian and early recovery activities for the year. At mid-year, $956.8 million (52%) of the requirements has been funded. However, the distribution of funds across sectors is uneven, leaving key sectors with limited operational capacity. 27% of the funding requirements in this year’s plan is specifically for assistance to Northern Sudan (including Darfur, Three Protocol Areas and the east). Requirements for Southern Sudan come to 23% of the total. All projects focus on humanitarian and early recovery objectives.

Unmet Original Revised % Uncommitted Funding requirements Cluster requirements requirements Covered pledges

($) ($) ($) ($)

Basic 101,771,576 58,134,718 37,000,077 21,134,641 64% - infrastructure

Coordination and 97,130,154 95,028,418 55,446,239 39,582,179 58% 5,962,482 common services

Education 179,878,758 181,651,742 85,569,803 96,081,939 47% -

Food security and 864,475,946 841,089,521 579,561,475 261,528,046 69% - livelihoods

Health 119,640,272 128,513,209 37,713,406 90,799,803 29% 200,000

Mine action 77,756,100 78,556,100 3,886,818 74,669,282 5% -

NFIs/Emergency 41,651,208 47,212,658 18,620,486 28,592,172 39% - shelter

Nutrition 86,839,419 91,264,736 54,028,760 37,235,976 59% -

Protection 98,166,311 102,608,487 19,955,502 82,652,985 19% -

Returns and early 75,695,645 75,704,665 15,267,266 60,437,399 20% - reintegration

Water, sanitation 134,494,248 143,622,354 39,713,424 103,908,930 28% - and hygiene

Sector not - - 10,028,873 -10,028,873 n/a 21,611,391 specified

Grand Total 1,877,499,637 1,843,386,608 956,792,129 886,594,479 52% 27,773,873

Contact Mr. Georg Charpentier Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General / UN Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator, Sudan Khartoum Tel: +249 183 783 764 or +249 183 773 128 Email: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Uganda

Midway through the 2010 CAP, the humanitarian context in Uganda remains largely unchanged. While confidence in the sustainability of the current peace has resulted in significant homeward movements by IDPs and the closure of three- quarters of the camps, the dearth of basic social services continues to be a fundamental concern in northern Uganda and in Teso. Without significant improvement in their access to such essential services as safe water, sanitation, healthcare, and protection, IDPs returning to villages of origin cannot be said to have found durable solutions to their plight. Meaningful investment in such basic services is not only an effective approach to reducing, for instance, acute vulnerabilities to diseases like hepatitis E, but also represents a concrete peace dividend without which an effective transition from conflict to recovery and development is impossible.

Similarly for Karamoja, where the livelihoods of close to a million people remain chronically fragile amid insecurity, climate change and historical marginalization, priority humanitarian action for the remainder of 2010 must address basic service needs within a wider development paradigm. Occasional excesses associated with the ongoing disarmament programme by the Uganda People’s Defence Forces highlight the urgent need to support the expansion of civilian rule-of-law structures. The outbreak of cholera and the persistence of hepatitis E, which combined have infected over 1,000 people, signify unmitigated vulnerabilities amongst the population, acute deficiencies in safe water and sanitation coverage, and the inadequate availability of essential drugs and human resources.

Across Uganda, natural disasters continue to pose serious threats to life and livelihoods, as illustrated by the landslides and floods in eastern and western Uganda at the beginning of March 2010 that left an estimated 300 people dead and several thousand displaced. Disaster preparedness and response, therefore, remain central to humanitarian concerns in 2010.

Thus, the strategic objectives for the Uganda CAP 2010 are unchanged at the MYR. Through the projects in the Appeal, humanitarian actors have committed to support the Government in basic service provision, food security, and emergency preparedness and response. Some two million vulnerable people, including residual and returning IDPs in Acholi and Teso regions, food-insecure populations in Karamoja region, and 143,000 refugees in the West Nile and south-western regions of the country will be targeted through projects worth a revised $184.4 million.

But the success of this humanitarian plan is contingent on robust donor response to these projects. Unfortunately, at only 31% funding by end of June, the Uganda CAP 2010 – despite being the smallest in four years and representing a substantial reduction from the preceding Appeal – has

46

Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review realized the lowest funding of all previous Uganda CAPs at a corresponding stage in the last six years.

Since 2000, nearly $1.5 billion has been invested in humanitarian actions in Uganda through the CAP. This largesse has helped to save lives, alleviate suffering, and protect the dignity of vulnerable and needy populations in Uganda. The Uganda CAP 2010, which aims to address unique humanitarian needs during a fragile transition from emergency to recovery and development, provides the opportunity to consolidate this substantial investment.

% Original Revised Unmet Cluster Funding Funding Uncommitted requirements requirements requirements coverage pledges Cluster not specified - - 3,408,818 n/a -3,408,818 0 Coordination 2,678,159 2,370,305 2,496,002 105% -125,697 0 Education 1,911,645 955,822 - 0% 955,822 0 Emergency preparedness and 7,050,552 5,328,642 - 0% 5,328,642 0 response Food security and agricultural livelihoods 67,911,112 65,926,961 19,242,004 29% 46,684,957 0

Health and HIV/AIDS 12,919,670 10,541,093 1,094,671 10% 9,446,422 0 Nutrition 7,351,725 7,548,523 4,904,284 65% 2,644,239 0 Protection 16,896,515 16,198,875 10,875,231 67% 5,323,644 0 Refugees 66,598,667 65,910,683 12,185,668 18% 53,725,015 0 Water and sanitation 13,966,350 9,617,284 3,337,085 35% 6,280,199 0 Total: 197,284,395 184,398,188 57,543,763 31% 126,854,425 -

Contact: Mr. Theophane Nikyema UN Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator, Uganda Kampala Tel: +256 41 34 52 90 Email: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

West Africa (including Niger)

The people of West Africa remain confronted with a wide range of threats to livelihoods and protection, ranging from food insecurity to political volatility, bad governance, transnational criminal activities including human trafficking, chronic poverty, or the longer-term impacts of climate change. These trends affect the coping capacity of states, communities and families and, in some instances, present a rising challenge to humanitarian actors regarding the respect of humanitarian principles and human rights.

The widespread prevalence of food insecurity across much of the Sahel is the best indicator of the sub-region’s protracted livelihood crisis. In this part of West Africa, spanning from Mauritania to Chad, millions of individuals and hundreds of thousands of affected children remain hopeful that the political commitment of their national authorities to effectively tackle food insecurity and malnutrition will receive suitable support from the international community to conduct an effective scale-up of humanitarian actions. Across the eastern parts of the Sahel, poor cash crop production combined with falling livestock prices is the main cause of prevailing food insecurity. In the coming months, food insecurity is likely to continue among poor households in Niger, northeastern Mali and Burkina Faso, northwest and central Mauritania, and far northern Nigeria. In Niger, the situation was so bad it led to the launch of the Emergency Humanitarian Action Plan (EHAP) in April to provide assistance to 7.1 million food-insecure people, and underscoring the determination of Niger’s new Government to tackling the worsening food crisis in that country. (See more on Niger below.)

With regard to political instability and security, governments and partners in the sub-region have been struggling to minimize the effect on vulnerability of civilians caused by a succession of events: a coup d’état in Niger (February); a military revolt in Guinea-Bissau (April); the fragile ongoing transition process in Guinea-Conakry; the protracted ethnic tensions in northern Ghana with the crossing of thousands of refugees into Togo (April); the outbreaks of religious violence in Nigeria (January and March) which left over 500 dead, thousands of people displaced and reported cases of human rights violations; the drawn-out progress of the electoral process in Côte d’Ivoire which has sparked growing frustration amongst political contenders; the social discontent fueled by the anti-corruption crackdown of the newly elected Head of State in Mauritania; and the flare-up of renewed violence in the Casamance region of Senegal.

Criminal activities and human trafficking remain key concerns for governments and their partners. In the northern and northeastern areas of Mali and Mauritania, the abduction of citizens from Western countries by terrorist groups remains a major security concern, and restricting safe access to beneficiaries by development and humanitarian actors. Human trafficking in general is rising due to waves of irregular migrants passing through the region and the

48

Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review fight against child trafficking – a long-standing issue in West Africa – continues to draw the attention and resources of many humanitarian agencies.

Overall, in response to the aforementioned trends, the humanitarian community has pursued the strengthening of its early warning, emergency response, and disaster preparedness and coordination capacity, and reviewed its humanitarian funding requirements through the established CAP review process. In addition to assessing achievements to date, and to analyzing current and upcoming trends, this Mid-Year Review (MYR) of the regional CAP takes into account new and/or revised needs linked to the food crisis affecting over 10 million people across the Sahel region, including activities and needs in the Niger EHAP. The MYR has incorporated the most recent information from a range of development and humanitarian sources to ensure that the CAP’s revised requirements are based on firm and up to date assessments, and that the additional funding needed to facilitate access to food, provide nutritional support and scale up assistance to the most vulnerable population groups is needs-based.

Regional CAP requirements increased sharply following the launch of the Niger EHAP, which is an integral part of the CAP, and to respond to needs in Mali due to the Sahel food crisis. Following the MYR, the revised requirements are $568.5 million, a 54% increase since the launch of the 2010 Regional CAP.

% Original Revised Unmet Cluster Funding Funding Uncommitted requirements requirements requirements coverage pledges Coordination / information 39,197,099 64,212,142 6,785,104 11% 37,525,583 674,764 management and support services Emergency 5,348,810 6,386,660 11,402 0% 5,337,408 - preparedness Food security and 198,631,847 349,030,406 162,290,008 46% 162,681,113 4,466,761 nutrition Health 23,134,093 25,095,266 3,109,554 8% 21,985,712 - Protection 86,689,424 86,689,424 3,080,018 3% 83,609,406 - Sector not yet specified - - - n/a - - Water, sanitation and 15,621,203 16,212,271 2,204,161 12% 14,008,110 549,451 hygiene Total: 368,622,476 568,483,657 177,480,247 31% 391,003,410 5,141,525

Contact Mr. Hervé Ludovic de Lys Head of OCHA Regional Office for West Africa Dakar, Senegal Tel.: +221 338 698 501 E-mail: [email protected]

NIGER EMERGENCY HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN Niger is in the midst of a food security and nutrition crisis resulting from last year’s failed harvest due to the lack of rain. According to the results of the annual survey on child nutrition released on June 24, the nutritional situation of children has considerably deteriorated over the past 12 months. The global acute malnutrition (GAM) rate reaches 16.7% for children aged under five, exceeding the 15% emergency threshold and the 12.3% rate of 2009. In the regions of Diffa and Maradi, the GAM rate rose from 17% to 22.1% and 13.1% to 19.7% respectively. In addition, severe acute malnutrition, which gravely increases the risk of child mortality, went from 2.1% to

49

Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

3.2% in 2010. Interventions need to be reinforced immediately to limit diseases and losses of human life. From June 28 to July 9, the nutrition cluster is re-evaluating its response strategy, budget and project proposals. Donors’ support is crucial at this stage.

The number of reported severe acute malnutrition cases among children has increased significantly. The upward trend started in mid-April when the number of severely acutely malnourished children admitted to therapeutic feeding centres crossed the threshold of 5,000 cases per week across the country. Overall, some 100,045 cases of severe acute malnutrition have been reported from 4 January to 6 June 2010.

A vulnerability assessment conducted in April indicates that over 7 million people are in a situation of moderate to severe food insecurity, reaching alarming proportions in some departments. This survey reveals a significant increase in the number of severely food-insecure people (from 2.6 million according to a rapid survey conducted in December 2009 to 3.3 million people in April 2010). It also reveals a high level of vulnerability in urban areas, particularly among new migrants, as well as a higher rate of severe food insecurity amongst women.

The pastoral situation is becoming increasingly critical as severe fodder shortfalls and lack of water are affecting livestock herds. Extreme concentrations of animals are being observed in the regions of Tahoua, Maradi, Zinder and Diffa, with increasing cases of animal mortality and pastoralists having to sell their cattle at very low price. The situation is becoming critical in all regions and emergency destocking measures are recommended by humanitarian partners.

Various assistance efforts are ongoing, operated jointly by the Government and humanitarian partners (UN agencies and local and international NGOs). These include:

Ö the joint WFP-UNICEF blanket supplementary feeding operation launched at the end of April to prevent acute malnutrition among 500,000 children aged between 6 to 23 months from May to August; Ö the management of severe acute malnutrition among children under five and of moderate acute malnutrition cases of children and pregnant/lactating women; Ö the joint Government-WFP operation of free targeted food distributions launched in mid-May, targeting approximately 1.5 million people during the lean period; Ö the subsidized cereal sale operation to improve access to 30% of food-insecure populations for three months; Ö the subsidized sale of animal fodder programme to improve access to animal feed for pastoralists; Ö destocking activities being conducted by FAO and NGOs; Ö Cash-for-work activities by FAO and partners targeting 30% of food-insecure populations for three months; Ö Cash transfer activities by FAO and NGOs in seven regions.

The most important priority needs remain the same as in the initial version of the EHAP and require stepping up interventions in the sectors of: Ö Food security, including assistance to pastoralists; Ö Nutrition, including water and sanitation and health activities related to the treatment of severe acute malnutrition cases with medical complications, and preventive actions such as intensifying the promotion of breastfeeding to protect young infants under 6 months old.

Funding to date: During the mid-year review, the original EHAP requirements of $190.8 million were revised upwards to $253.2 million, a 33% increase. As of 25 June 2010, $146 million, or 58%, of revised requirements had been received, leaving $107.2 million of unmet requirements.

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Requirements as of Revised % Funding Unmet Cluster Funding March 2010 requirements coverage requirements Coordination and 5,113,588 31,167,809 4,435,224 14% 26,732,585 support services Emergency 0 548,910 0 0% 548,910 Preparedness Food Security 155,915,666 165,506,064 117,989,504 71% 47,516,560 Nutrition 27,706,630 38,039,070 22,035,839 58% 16,003,231 Health 635,580 9,977,581 706,526 7% 9,271,055 Protection 00 5,548,000 0 0% 5,548,000 Water, Sanitation and 1,391,000 2,401,866 801,309 33% 1,600,557 Hygiene Total: 190,762,464 253,189,300 145,968,402 58% 107,220,898

Contact Ms. Khardiata Lo N'Diaye UN Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator, Niger Niamey Tel: + 227 20 72 34 90 Email: [email protected]

51

Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Yemen

The situation in Yemen, already a complex mix of interlinked acute and chronic emergencies and needs, is becoming increasingly difficult for humanitarian actors to manage. Insecurity in the north and lack of sustained access to hundreds of thousands of IDPs, a significant refugee influx, and widespread and worrying levels of food insecurity and malnutrition are just some of the challenges facing humanitarian organizations – challenges that show no signs of amelioration in the near to medium term. The needs are growing, whilst resources – the Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan (YHRP) is only 31% funded as of this MYR – are not keeping anywhere near the pace necessary to maintain operations and programmes.

The ceasefire in the northern conflict-affected governorates, agreed on February 11 between the Government and the Al- Houthis, continues to hold. However progress in implementing the ceasefire conditions is very slow. The levels of damage and displacement are far greater than in previous rounds of fighting, and the humanitarian situation is precarious. The HCT currently estimates that there are some 342,000 IDPs throughout the five conflict-affected governorates of Hajjah, Amran, Sa’ada, Al-Jawf and Sana’a. In Sa’ada Governorate alone there are an estimated 110,000. The overwhelming majority of IDPs are not in camps, but in host communities. In addition, significant numbers of people remain non-displaced in Sa’ada Governorate, all of whom are suffering from lack of access to basic services and emergency relief assistance.

Due to the overall levels of insecurity, humanitarian organizations in the YHRP continue to have limited sustained access to many of these people, particularly in Sa’ada, Al-Jawf and northern Amran Governorates. However, this does not mean that these people are not receiving any assistance. Throughout the conflict, IDPs in Sa’ada City received assistance through local NGOs and the Yemen Red Crescent Society. Since the ceasefire, levels of assistance in these areas have improved. In addition, in Mandaba (northern Sa’ada Governorate, near the border with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) during and since the conflict, cross- border interventions have provided lifesaving assistance to more than 12,000 IDPs in the area.

Because of low levels of funding across all clusters, and low government capacity to handle the humanitarian situation, even if access could be sustained there are limits on what could be done to meet the needs of these IDPs. The low level of funding is hampering humanitarian organizations’ ability to deliver assistance and to plan. For example, from May WFP had to reduce life-saving food rations provided to IDPs from the Sa’ada conflict by half, the Health and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Clusters have

52

Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review been unable to extend their services to scattered populations, and many organizations have had to shift funding from development programmes. At the same time that the country and the humanitarian community is dealing with the effects of the war in the north, a significant refugee presence largely in the south of the country and high levels of food insecurity and malnutrition countrywide also demand attention.

Despite these issues of access, capacity, and funding, the humanitarian community in Yemen has made good progress since the beginning of the year in improving coordination structures, finding alternative means of providing assistance, providing assistance to increasing numbers of people, reaching newly accessible areas and in managing the limited resources provided so far. Registration of IDPs, initially a significant problem, has improved greatly. A review of projects led to a rigorous recategorization into a three-tier framework of lifesaving, time-critical, and support services.

The strategic objectives stated in the YHRP in December remain valid. To continue saving lives and assisting and protecting hundreds of thousands of people, the organizations participating in this YHRP require revised requirements of $187.1 million until the end of this year. As of the middle of June, donors had generously committed $57.6 million, leaving unmet requirements of $129.5 million. Far more is required: the HCT urges donors to fully fund the projects contained within this appeal.

% Original Revised Unmet Uncommitted Cluster Funding Funding requirements requirements requirements pledges coverage Coordination and 3,949,655 7,348,844 1,233,057 17% 6,115,787 2,801,559 support services Early recovery 8,262,509 4,204,616 506,716 12% 3,697,900 - Education 5,877,160 3,744,536 76,672 2% 3,667,864 Food & agriculture 45,228,610 61,066,401 13,744,208 23% 47,322,193 2,543,923 Health 22,714,973 10,274,901 2,031,404 20% 8,243,497 Multi-sector (refugee 23,750,341 34,044,639 13,296,556 response) 39% 20,748,083 Nutrition 30,333,047 29,199,250 15,159,457 52% 14,039,793 - Protection 12,662,604 12,077,829 3,227,390 27% 8,850,439 - Sector not yet - - 672,948 n/a -672,948 - specified Shelter/NFI/CCCM 14,091,649 18,479,849 5,560,900 30% 12,918,949 - Water, sanitation and 13,726,019 6,702,817 2,132,490 32% 4,570,327 - hygiene Total: 180,596,567 187,143,682 57,641,798 31% 129,501,884 5,345,482

Contact Ms. Pratibha Mehta UN Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator, Yemen Sana’a Tel.: +967 1 448655 E-mail: [email protected]

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Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

Zimbabwe

With the humanitarian situation still fragile due to the prevailing degradation of infrastructure in the basic sectors of health, water and sanitation, and food security, and with continuing underlying economic and political challenges, Zimbabwe remains at a crossroads. While some early recovery activities are ongoing as part of humanitarian actions, the lack of major funding for recovery and development remains one of the key hindrances to moving the country out of a situation of generalised humanitarian need. Following the results of recent needs assessments, the mid-year review exercise identified minor increases in requirements for most clusters but, in keeping with the underlying vulnerabilities of the country, more significant ones in the health, food and agriculture clusters.

The humanitarian situation in Zimbabwe requires a different approach from most crises. Small emergencies continue to develop into major crises requiring relief assistance due to the unaddressed structural degradation in the basic sectors. With strong infrastructure in place, and with the right level and mix of support, Zimbabwe would have the capacity to rebound faster than most countries in crises. Recent examples prove the benefits of such a comprehensive approach. The rehabilitation of rural and urban water supply infrastructure as part of the fight against communicable diseases such as cholera and typhoid prevented a repeat in 2010 of the unprecedented cholera outbreak of 2008/2009. The root causes of the large-scale measles outbreak that started in September 2009 have been addressed through a nationwide measles vaccination campaign, an activity that would normally not fall under the umbrella of humanitarian assistance. The Government is exploring further early recovery opportunities through projects that could potentially provide more sustainable assistance and reduce aid dependence through programmes such as community work and food-for-assets.

Recent crop assessments have estimated that, despite some extended periods of drought in some parts of the country, food production in the 2009/2010 agricultural season (whose harvest has just finished) slightly increased vis-à-vis 2008/9. Timely agricultural inputs and extension support provided by humanitarian partners during the 2009/10 planting season played a major role in further reducing food insecurity levels, but nonetheless needs remain. Rates of chronic and acute malnutrition stand at 35% and 2.4% respectively, re-emphasizing the need to concentrate on reversing these trends while maintaining steady emphasis on care for acutely malnourished children. The joint needs assessment on IDPs in September 2009 identified key areas for future collaboration between the humanitarian community and the Government, and discussions are ongoing on a

54

Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review countrywide IDP profiling exercise to establish the scope of the internally displaced population and to agree on durable solutions.

Humanitarian access has improved and a large number of comprehensive assessments have been conducted since mid-2009, providing the humanitarian community with more data to analyse and use for planning. The capacity of civil society organizations and government structures at national and local level has improved. There has also been a notable increase in cooperation between government and the humanitarian community, and between international and national humanitarian partners.

Key priorities for the remainder of 2010 will be on improving food security levels, the prevention of and rapid response to disease outbreaks, protection-related issues, and response to natural disasters. All activities will be undertaken while ensuring humanitarian and government priorities remain complementary in all sectors. In parallel, efforts should be made to address the root causes of resurging humanitarian needs through basic sector restoration and livelihood programs.

After reviewing the outcomes of recent needs assessments, the mid-year review exercise identified only minor increases in requirements for most clusters. The main increase is accounted for by the extension of food aid activities until the end of 2010 (whereas originally the requirements covered activities up to April 2010), and increased health needs. Revised requirements thus amount to $478.4 million, an increase of some $100 million or 20% over the original requirements.

% Original Revised Unmet Cluster Funding Funding Uncommitted requirements requirements requirements coverage pledges Agriculture 107,051,070 108,801,902 10,861,585 10% 96,940,317 135,044 Cluster not specified - - 4,921,202 n/a -4,921,202 - Coordination and 4,597,603 4,224,868 1,122,335 27% 3,102,533 420,168 support services Early recovery 4,966,350 5,294,796 1,189,307 223% 4,105,489 - Education 35,324,491 36,391,157 3,027,458 8% 33,363,699 1,215,395 Food 58,669,500 138,004,222 95,066,360 69% 42,937,862 - Health 63,996,718 80,154,334 19,442,760 24% 60,711,574 - Multi-sector 24,814,542 25,943,293 7,964,260 31% 17,979,033 - Nutrition 11,995,343 11,895,343 980,765 8% 10,914,578 - Protection 20,850,662 20,265,662 710,000 4% 19,555,662 - Water, sanitation and 46,191,052 47,423,713 16,894,726 36% 30,528,987 - hygiene Total: 378,457,331 478,399,290 162,180,758 34% 316,218,532 1,770,607

Contact Ms. Elizabeth Lwanga UN Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator, Zimbabwe Harare Tel: +263 4 792 687 Email: [email protected]

55 Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

ANNEX: SUMMARY TABLES PER APPEAL AND PER SECTOR

2010 Appeals (and similar humanitarian action plans) Summary of requirements and funding per Appeal as of 25 June 2010

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisations.

AP PE AL Original Revised Funding % Unmet Uncommitted Humanitarian Inside CAP Total Requirements Requirements (commitments, Requirements Requirements Pledges Funding as % of Total Humani tar ian Ai d contributions, Covered outside CAP carry-over)

(values in $) A B C C/B B-C D C/E E (=C+D)

Afghanistan Humanitarian Action Plan 2010 870,561,261 772,880,462 482,574,632 62% 290,305,830 4,605,101 82,954,036 85% 565,528,668 Central African Republic CAP 2010 113,615,353 144,644,798 49,972,005 35% 94,672,793 262,125 6,882,344 88% 56,854,349 Chad CAP 2010 451,153,765 542,476,411 245,890,379 45% 296,586,032 53,409,053 28,059,658 90% 273,950,037 Democratic Republic of the Congo HAP 2010 827,616,628 827,616,628 335,951,305 41% 491,665,323 2,664,481 37,477,505 90% 373,428,810 Guatemala Flash Appeal (June - December 2010) 15,533,045 15,533,045 4,237,118 27% 11,295,927 419,463 2,868,546 60% 7,105,664 Guatemala Food Insecurity & Acute Malnutrition Appeal 2010 34,193,050 34,193,050 7,791,275 23% 26,401,775 - 16,147,606 33% 23,938,881 Haiti Revised Humanitarian Appeal (Jan-Dec 2010) 562,060,654 1,488,095,210 946,389,684 64% 541,705,526 18,493,386 2,263,598,891 29% 3,209,988,575 Kenya Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan 2010 508,546,127 585,893,931 305,768,026 52% 280,125,905 500,000 12,276,830 96% 318,044,856 Kyrgyzstan Flash Appeal (June - December 2010) 73,045,639 73,045,639 12,577,259 17% 60,468,380 966,300 31,400,158 29% 43,977,417 Mongolia Dzud Appeal (April 2010 - May 2011) 18,150,794 18,150,794 1,880,402 10% 16,270,392 - 8,298,403 18% 10,178,805 Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal 2010 123,504,597 125,049,126 53,683,423 43% 71,365,703 - 1,823,791 97% 55,507,214 occupied Palestinian territory CAP 2010 664,473,688 602,964,570 254,029,570 42% 348,935,000 2,134,495 24,336,085 91% 278,365,655 Regional Response Plan for Iraqi Refugees 2010 364,644,076 367,324,974 62,640,697 17% 304,684,277 - 1,322,099 98% 63,962,796 Republic of Congo CAP 2010 58,985,837 58,985,837 25,586,120 43% 33,399,717 - 50,000 100% 25,636,120 Somalia CAP 2010 689,008,615 596,124,332 333,833,751 56% 262,290,581 7,179,434 41,243,627 89% 375,077,378 Sudan Work Plan 2010 1,877,499,637 1,843,386,608 956,792,129 52% 886,594,479 27,773,873 91,345,256 91% 1,048,137,385 Uganda CAP 2010 197,284,395 184,398,188 57,543,763 31% 126,854,425 - 4,692,181 92% 62,235,944 West Africa CAP 2010 368,622,476 568,483,657 177,480,247 31% 391,003,410 5,141,525 101,754,449 64% 279,234,696 Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan 2010 180,596,567 187,143,682 57,641,798 31% 129,501,884 5,345,482 18,056,254 76% 75,698,052 Zimbabwe CAP 2010 378,457,331 478,399,290 162,180,758 34% 316,218,532 1,770,607 49,701,866 77% 211,882,624

TOTAL 8,377,553,535 9,514,790,232 4,534,444,341 48% 4,980,345,891 130,665,325 2,824,289,585 62% 7,358,733,926

Pledge: a non-binding announcem ent of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indica tes the balance of original pledges not yet comm itted.) Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed. Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

56 Humanitarian Appeal 2010 – Mid-Year Review

2010 Appeals (and similar humanitarian action plans) Summary of requirements and funding per sector as of 25 June 2010

Com piled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisations.

Funding Funding Original Revised (commitments, % Unmet Uncommitted SECTOR (commitments, contributions, carry-over) Requirements Requirements contributions, Covered Requirements Pledges carry-over) Unmet Requirements

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% (values in $) A B C C/B B-C

Agriculture 534,535,764 598,697,765 163,870,737 27% 434,827,028 210,644

Coordination and Support Services 405,070,977 555,677,465 251,187,394 45% 304,490,071 15,974,024

Economic Recovery and Infrastructure 457,895,929 493,232,233 160,123,296 32% 333,108,937 -

Education 426,240,379 504,414,093 199,770,083 40% 304,644,010 1,215,395

Food 3,081,616,265 3,508,694,037 2,326,895,640 66% 1,181,798,397 32,449,581

Health 991,318,359 1,174,524,391 447,829,075 38% 726,695,316 1,650,650

Mine Action 328,738,904 226,921,065 96,824,527 43% 130,096,538 3,055,000

Multi-Sector 597,011,594 656,742,725 127,223,371 19% 529,519,354 -

Protection / Human Rights / Rule of Law 625,749,730 692,338,007 136,300,211 20% 556,037,796 100,000

Safety and Security of Staff and Operations 8,358,640 4,789,488 682,154 14% 4,107,334 -

Sector not yet specified * - 5,000,000 219,936,094 n/a - 214,936,094 75,890,031

Shelter and Non-Food Items 333,810,301 459,437,351 189,562,343 41% 269,875,008 120,000

Water and Sanitation 587,206,693 634,321,612 214,239,416 34% 420,082,196 -

TOTAL 8,377,553,535 9,514,790,232 4,534,444,341 48% 4,980,345,891 130,665,325

* "Sector not yet specified" is used in FTS to contain loosely earmarked commitments and contributions that have yet to be allocated to a specific project or sector. Requirements for this category are those of pooled funds which can be used in any sector. Funding shown in this category, however, is for flexible funds to agencies as well as to pooled funds; hence funding exceeds requirements.

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Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP)

The CAP is a tool for aid organisations to jointly plan, coordinate, implement and monitor their response to disasters and emergencies, and to appeal for funds together instead of competitively.

It is the forum for developing a strategic approach to humanitarian action, focusing on close cooperation between host governments, donors, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Organization for Migration (IOM), and United Nations agencies. As such, it presents a snapshot of the situation and response plans, and is an inclusive and coordinated programme cycle of:

• Strategic planning leading to a Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP); • Resource mobilisation leading to a Consolidated Appeal or a Flash Appeal; • Coordinated programme implementation; • Joint monitoring and evaluation; • Revision, if necessary; • Reporting on results.

The CHAP is the core of the CAP – a strategic plan for humanitarian response in a given country or region, including the following elements:

• A common analysis of the context in which humanitarian action takes place; • An assessment of needs; • Best, worst, and most likely scenarios; • A clear statement of longer-term objectives and goals; • Prioritised response plans, including a detailed mapping of projects to cover all needs; • A framework for monitoring the strategy and revising it if necessary.

The CHAP is the core of a Consolidated Appeal or, when crises break out or natural disasters strike, a Flash Appeal. Under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator, and in consultation with host Governments and donors, the CHAP is developed at the field level by the Humanitarian Country Team. This team includes IASC members and standing invitees (UN agencies, the International Organization for Migration, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and NGOs that belong to ICVA, Interaction, or SCHR), but non-IASC members, such as national NGOs, can also be included.

The Humanitarian Coordinator is responsible for the annual preparation of the consolidated appeal document. The document is launched globally near the end of each year to enhance advocacy and resource mobilisation. An update, known as the Mid-Year Review, is presented to donors the following July.

Donors generally fund appealing agencies directly in response to project proposals listed in appeals. The Financial Tracking Service (FTS), managed by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), is a database of appeal funding needs and worldwide donor contributions, and can be found on www.reliefweb.int/fts.

In sum, the CAP is how aid agencies join forces to provide people in need the best available protection and assistance, on time.

OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA) PALAIS DES NATIONS TEL: (41 22) 917.1636 8-14 AVENUE DE LA PAIX E-MAIL: [email protected] CH – 1211 Geneva HTTP://WWW.HUMANITARIANAPPEAL.NET