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DOE/LLW-241 (*** Environmental Monitoring Report for Commercial Low-Level Radioactive rtV Waste Disposal Sites (1960's through 1990Js) Conference of Radiation Control ! fc» i V *••=> Program Directors, Inc. STI November 1996 .V-i SSTmcunoN OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMTTffl! DISCLAIMERS The information contained in this document is for guidance. The implementation and use of the information and recommendations contained in this document are at the discretion of the user. The implications from the use of this document are solely the responsibility of the user. This document has been developed by a working group of the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc. (CRCPD) and endorsed by the Board of Directors. The contents contained herein, however, may not necessarily represent the views of the entire membership of the CRCPD or any federal agency supporting the work contained in this document. The mention of commercial products, their sources, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as either an actual or implied endorsement of such products by the CRCPD or any federal agency. This publication was supported in part by grant number NRC-04-88-149 from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DOE/LLW-241 Environmental Monitoring Report for Commercial Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Sites (1960's through early 1990's) November 1996 Report prepared by CRCPD Committee on Radioactive Waste Management and endorsed by CRCPD Board of Directors This document did not undergo the CRCPD editorial process Published by National Low-Level Waste Management Program Prepared for U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission under Grant No. NRC-04-88-149 and U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-94ID13223 11 DISCLAIMER Portions of tbis document may be illegible in electronic image products* Images are produced from the best available original document. ABSTRACT During the time period covered in this report (1960's through early 1990's), six commercial low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) disposal facilities have been operated in the United States. This report provides environmental monitoring data collected at each site. The report summarizes: (1) each site's general design, (2) each site's inventory, (3) the environmental monitoring program for each site and the data obtained as the program has evolved, and (4) what the program has indicated about releases to off-site areas, if any, including a statement of the actual health and safety significance of any release. A summary with conclusions is provided at the end of each site's chapter. The six commercial LLRW disposal sites discussed are located near: • Sheffield, Illinois • Maxey Flats, Kentucky • Beany, Nevada • West Valley, New York • Barnwell, South Carolina • Richland, Washington m IV ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT FOR COMMERCIAL LLRW DISPOSAL SITES TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iii ACRONYMS, INITIALISMS, AND ABBREVIATIONS xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv CHAPTER 1—Environmental Monitoring Report for Commercial Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Sites ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PERSPECTIVES 1-1 CHAPTER 2—Environmental Summary of the Sheffield, Illinois Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Site INTRODUCTION 2-1 SITE 2-5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 2-12 SUMMARY 2-28 REFERENCES 2-30 CHAPTER 3—Environmental Summary of the Maxey Flats, Kentucky Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Site INTRODUCTION 3-1 SITE 3-6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 3-10 SUMMARY 3-16 REFERENCES 3-17 CHAPTER 4—Environmental Summary of the Beatty, Nevada Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Site INTRODUCTION 4-1 SITE 4-7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 4-11 SUMMARY 4-28 REFERENCES 4-33 CHAPTER 5—Environmental Summary of the West Valley, New York Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Site INTRODUCTION 5-1 SITE 5-6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 5-7 SUMMARY 5-23 REFERENCES 5-25 OTHER REFERENCES 5-27 CHAPTER 6—Environmental Summary of the Barnwell, South Carolina Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Site INTRODUCTION 6-1 SITE 6-8 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 6-12 SUMMARY 6-19 REFERENCES 6-22 CHAPTER 7—Environmental Summary of the Richland, Washington Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Site INTRODUCTION 7-1 SITE 7-3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 7-12 NON-RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM 7-33 SUMMARY 7-35 vi REFERENCES 7-39 FIGURES 1-1. Location of the six commercial LLW disposal facilities discussed in this report 1-5 2-1. Location of the Sheffield site 2-2 2-2. Plan view of Sheffield low-level radioactive waste and chemical disposal areas 2-3 2-3. Location of geologic cross section for the Sheffield site 2-6 2-4. Geologic cross section for the Sheffield site 2-7 2-5. Stratigraphy of northern Illinois and the Sheffield site 2-8 2-6. Map of well locations, trenches and tunnels at the Sheffield site 2-9 2-7. Ground water flow boundaries, direction of flow and principal flow paths for the Sheffield site 2-10 2-8. Trout Lake sampling locations at the Sheffield site 2-16 2-9. Well locations and tritium concentrations in water at the Sheffield site 2-18 2-10. Tritium concentrations in northeast pathway wells at the Sheffield site 2-20 2-11. Tritium concentrations in Trout Lake near the Sheffield site 2-21 2-12. Environmental sampling around the Sheffield site 2-23 3-1. Location of Maxey Flats site 3-2 3-2. General map of the restricted area at the Maxey Flats site 3-3 3-3. Trench locations as of 1987 at the Maxey Flats site 3-4 3-4. Downslope location of forested areas relation to the Maxey Flats site 3-10 3-5. Well locations and tritium concentrations (pCi/mL) at the Maxey Flats site 3-14 4-1. Vicinity map of the Beatty LLW site .4-2 4-2. Facility map of trench locations at the Beatty LLW site 4-3 VII 4-3. Airborne activity monitoring stations of the Beatty LLW site 4-4 4-4. Monitoring wells of the Beatty LLW site 4-5 4-5. Site geology of the Beatty LLW site 4-9 4-6. Gross alpha ground water samples: Beatty, Nevada 4-14 4-7. Gross beta ground water samples: Beatty, Nevada 4-15 4-8. Tritium ground water samples: Beatty, Nevada 4-16 4-9. Gross alpha soil samples: Beatty, Nevada 4-22 4-10. Gross beta soil samples: Beatty, Nevada 4-23 4-11. Gross alpha vegetation samples: Beatty, Nevada 4-26 4-12. Gross beta vegetation samples: Beatty, Nevada 4-27 4-13. Ambient gamma: Beatty, Nevada 4-29 5-1. Principal facilities at the West Valley LLW site 5-3 5-2. State-licensed trenches at the West Valley LLW site 5-5 5-3. Geological cross-section at the West Valley LLW site 5-10 5-4. Strontium-90 on Cattaraugus Creek at Springville Dam 5-12 5-5. Tritium on Cattaraugus Creek at Springville Dam 5-13 5-6. On-site surface water sampling locations at the West Valley LLW site 5-16 5-7. West Valley demonstration project sampling site 5-17 5-8. West Valley demonstration project on-site sampling 5-19 5-9. West Valley on-site ground water monitoring network 5-21 5-10. H-3 at Springville Dam 5-22 5-11. Sr-90 at Springville Dam 5-23 6-1. Location of Barnwell site 6-2 viii 6-2. Plan view of the Barnwell site showing adjacent land owners 6-3 6-3. Typical disposal trench at the Barnwell site 6-5 6-4. Barnwell site enhanced cap cross section 6-8 6-5. Stratigraphic and lithographic interpretation of the Barnwell site 6-10 6-6. Plan view of the Barnwell site showing adjacent land owners/boundary sampling stations 6-14 6-7. Approximate tritium plume outline south of the Barnwell site 6-21 7-1. DOE Hanford site 7-2 7-2. Low-level radioactive waste management facility, US Ecology, Inc., Richland, Washington 7-4 7-3. Environmental radiation sampling stations at the US Ecology site 7-5 7-4. Environmental radiation sampling stations in the vicinity of the Hanford site 7-6 7-5. Geological cross-section of the Hanford site 7-10 7-6. Off-site ground water sampling stations near the Hanford site 7-14 7-7. Ambient gamma (mrem/yr) 7-34 TABLES 1-1. Conversion units 1-4 2-1. Estimated key radionuclides (half-lives greater than five years) at the Sheffield site 2-4 2-2. Examples of biota found near the Sheffield site 2-13 2-3. Tritium concentrations in Trout Lake in nCi/L 1981-1994 at the Sheffield site 2-17 2-4. Tritium concentrations in streams and creeks in nCi/L 1981-1994 at the Sheffield site 2-24 2-5. Air sampling results in fCi/m31977-1994 at the Sheffield site 2-26 2-6. Direct radiation (TLD) results in mR/y 1977-1994 at the Sheffield site 2-27 IX 3-1. Stratigraphy of the Maxey Flats site 3-7 3-2.
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