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Culture, Context and Mental Health of Somali Refugees
Culture, context and mental health of Somali refugees A primer for staff working in mental health and psychosocial support programmes I © UNHCR, 2016. All rights reserved Reproduction and dissemination for educational or other non- commercial purposes is authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, or translation for any purpose, is prohibited without the written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Public Health Section of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) at [email protected] This document is commissioned by UNHCR and posted on the UNHCR website. However, the views expressed in this document are those of the authors and not necessarily those of UNHCR or other institutions that the authors serve. The editors and authors have taken all reasonable precautions to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees be liable for damages arising from its use. Suggested citation: Cavallera, V, Reggi, M., Abdi, S., Jinnah, Z., Kivelenge, J., Warsame, A.M., Yusuf, A.M., Ventevogel, P. (2016). Culture, context and mental health of Somali refugees: a primer for staff working in mental health and psychosocial support programmes. Geneva, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Cover photo: Dollo Ado, South East Ethiopia / Refugees are waiting for non-food items like plastic sheets and jerry cans. -
Peace in Puntland: Mapping the Progress Democratization, Decentralization, and Security and Rule of Law
Peace in Puntland: Mapping the Progress Democratization, Decentralization, and Security and Rule of Law Pillars of Peace Somali Programme Garowe, November 2015 Acknowledgment This Report was prepared by the Puntland Development Re- search Center (PDRC) and the Interpeace Regional Office for Eastern and Central Africa. Lead Researchers Research Coordinator: Ali Farah Ali Security and Rule of Law Pillar: Ahmed Osman Adan Democratization Pillar: Mohamoud Ali Said, Hassan Aden Mo- hamed Decentralization Pillar: Amina Mohamed Abdulkadir Audio and Video Unit: Muctar Mohamed Hersi Research Advisor Abdirahman Osman Raghe Editorial Support Peter W. Mackenzie, Peter Nordstrom, Jessamy Garver- Affeldt, Jesse Kariuki and Claire Elder Design and Layout David Müller Printer Kul Graphics Ltd Front cover photo: Swearing-in of Galkayo Local Council. Back cover photo: Mother of slain victim reaffirms her com- mittment to peace and rejection of revenge killings at MAVU film forum in Herojalle. ISBN: 978-9966-1665-7-9 Copyright: Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC) Published: November 2015 This report was produced by the Puntland Development Re- search Center (PDRC) with the support of Interpeace and represents exclusively their own views. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the contribut- ing donors and should not be relied upon as a statement of the contributing donors or their services. The contributing donors do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor do they accept responsibility for any use -
Somalia Question(S) Security Situation in Puntland and Somaliland (January – 15 November 2019)
COI QUERY Country of Origin/Topic Somalia Question(s) Security situation in Puntland and Somaliland (January – 15 November 2019): 1. Short description of the region 1.1 Somaliland 1.2 Puntland 2. Control of territory and presence/activities of non-state armed groups 2.1 Somaliland 2.2 Puntland 3. Recent security trends, impact on the civilian population and overview of documented incidents with civilians casualties 3.1 Sanaag and Sool 3.2 Somaliland 3.3 Puntland Date of completion 12 December 2019 Query Code Q39 Contributing EU+ COI --- units (if applicable) Disclaimer This response to a COI query has been elaborated according to the Common EU Guidelines for Processing COI and EASO COI Report Methodology. The information provided in this response has been researched, evaluated and processed with utmost care within a limited time frame. All sources used are referenced. A quality review has been performed in line with the above mentioned methodology. This document does not claim to be exhaustive neither conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to international protection. If a certain event, person or organisation is not mentioned in the report, this does not mean that the event has not taken place or that the person or organisation does not exist. Terminology used should not be regarded as indicative of a particular legal position. The information in the response does not necessarily reflect the opinion of EASO and makes no political statement whatsoever. The target audience is caseworkers, COI researchers, policy makers, and decision making authorities. The answer was finalised on the 12 December 2019. -
THE PUNTLAND STATE of SOMALIA 2 May 2010
THE PUNTLAND STATE OF SOMALIA A TENTATIVE SOCIAL ANALYSIS May 2010 Any undertaking like this one is fraught with at least two types of difficulties. The author may simply get some things wrong; misinterpret or misrepresent complex situations. Secondly, the author may fail in providing a sense of the generality of events he describes, thus failing to position single events within the tendencies, they belong to. Roland Marchal Senior Research Fellow at the CNRS/ Sciences Po Paris 1 CONTENT Map 1: Somalia p. 03 Map 02: the Puntland State p. 04 Map 03: the political situation in Somalia p. 04 Map 04: Clan division p. 05 Terms of reference p. 07 Executive summary p. 10 Recommendations p. 13 Societal/Clan dynamics: 1. A short clan history p. 14 2. Puntland as a State building trajectory p. 15 3. The ambivalence of the business class p. 18 Islamism in Puntland 1. A rich Islamic tradition p. 21 2. The civil war p. 22 3. After 9/11 p. 23 Relations with Somaliland and Central Somalia 1. The straddling strategy between Somaliland and Puntland p. 26 2. The Maakhir / Puntland controversy p. 27 3. The Galmudug neighbourhood p. 28 4. The Mogadishu anchored TFG and the case for federalism p. 29 Security issues 1. Piracy p. 31 2. Bombings and targeted killings p. 33 3. Who is responsible? p. 34 4. Remarks about the Puntland Security apparatus p. 35 Annexes Annex 1 p. 37 Annex 2 p. 38 Nota Bene: as far as possible, the Somali spelling has been respected except for “x” replaced here by a simple “h”. -
The World Bank Report on Somalia Economic Update
October 2015 | Edition No. 1 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Transition amid Risks with a Special Focus on Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations Public Disclosure Authorized Macroeconomic and Fiscal Global Practice Transition amid Risks with a Special Focus on Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................ i FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................................. v MAIN MESSAGES AND KEY RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................. ix PART I: Social, Economic, and Governance Status ....................................................................................................... 1 1. Context and Objectives ......................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Social and Poverty Status ..................................................................................................................................... -
Somalia OGN V 23.0 October 2012
Somalia OGN v 23.0 October 2012 SOMALIA CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1.1 – 1.3 2. Country assessment 2.1 – 2.2 Actors of protection 2.3 Internal relocation 2.4 Caselaw 2.5 3. Main categories of claims 3.1 General country situation in southern and central regions 3.6 Members of major clan families or related sub-clans 3.7 Bajunis 3.8 Benadiri (Rer Hamar) or Bravanese 3.9 Midgan, Tumal, Yibir or Galgala 3.10 Women 3.11 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) 3.12 Prison conditions 3.13 4. Discretionary Leave 4.1 Minors claiming in their own right 4.2 Medical treatment 4.3 5. Returns 5.1 – 5.9 1 Introduction 1.1. This document provides UKBA case owners with guidance on the nature and handling of the most common types of claims received from nationals/residents of Somalia, including whether claims are or are not likely to justify the granting of asylum, Humanitarian Protection or Discretionary Leave. Case owners must refer to the relevant Asylum Instructions for further details of the policy on these areas. 1.2. Case owners must not base decisions on the country of origin information in this guidance; it is included to provide context only and does not purport to be comprehensive. The conclusions in this guidance are based on the totality of the available evidence, not just the brief extracts contained herein, and case owners must likewise take into account all available evidence. It is therefore essential that this guidance is read in conjunction with the relevant COI service country of origin information and any other relevant information. -
The Roots of Somali Political Culture
EXCERPTED FROM The Roots of Somali Political Culture M. J. Fox Copyright © 2015 ISBN: 978-1-62637-204-7 hc FIRSTFORUMPRESS A DIVISION OF LYNNE RIENNER PUBLISHERS, INC. 1800 30th Street, Suite 314 Boulder, CO 80301 USA telephone 303.444.6684 fax 303.444.0824 This excerpt was downloaded from the Lynne Rienner Publishers website www.rienner.com Contents Preface ix 1 A Fragmented State 1 2 Precolonial Foundations 43 3 British Administration in Somaliland 91 4 The Impact of Italian Colonization 131 5 Unifying North and South 165 6 The Legacy of Political Culture 201 Bibliography 219 Index 231 vii 1 A Fragmented State The value of historical evidence, harnessed in focused, within-case comparisons of successive periods of history in a single country, remains relatively untapped.1 The fragmentation of the former Somali Democratic Republic as three distinct political entities constitutes a political and legal phenomenon, the likes of which exists nowhere else in the world today. Most remarkable is the sheer durability of what is now Somaliland, Puntland, and the recently formed Federal Government of Somalia (FGS).2 How they came about and why they have endured for more than twenty years is a complex political puzzle that has engendered a significant body of literature. Yet behind the range of explanations and the more immediate news of Somali political struggles, al-Shabaab’s persistence, humanitar- ian crises and international involvements, there are compelling historical influences that are able to shed some light on present circumstances.3 Some of these influences can be observed in the deep-rooted path of Somalia’s political culture, or rather, the distinctive historical political culture paths of the “three Somalias.” Of these three independently administered regions, Somaliland and Puntland have been and still are relatively peaceful, consensual in character and economically viable, though in their own distinctive ways. -
Traditional Authorities in Somaliland and the Limits of Hybrid Political Orders Markus Virgil Hoehne DIIS Working Paper 2011:18 WORKING PAPER
DIIS workingDIIS WORKING PAPER 2011:18paper No Easy Way Out: Traditional Authorities in Somaliland and the Limits of Hybrid Political Orders Markus Virgil Hoehne DIIS Working Paper 2011:18 WORKING PAPER 1 DIIS WORKING PAPER 2011:18 MARKUS VIRGIL HOEHNE is post-doctoral researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle/Saale, Germany. e-mail: [email protected] DIIS Working Papers make available DIIS researchers’ and DIIS project partners’ work in progress towards proper publishing. They may include important documentation which is not necessarily published elsewhere. DIIS Working Papers are published under the responsibility of the author alone. DIIS Working Papers should not be quoted without the express permission of the author. DIIS WORKING PAPER 2011:18 © The author and DIIS, Copenhagen 2011 Danish Institute for International Studies, DIIS Strandgade 56, DK-1401 Copenhagen, Denmark Ph: +45 32 69 87 87 Fax: +45 32 69 87 00 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.diis.dk Cover Design: Carsten Schiøler Layout: Ellen-Marie Bentsen Printed in Denmark by Vesterkopi AS ISBN: 978-87-7605-463-2 Price: DKK 25.00 (VAT included) DIIS publications can be downloaded free of charge from www.diis.dk 2 DIIS WORKING PAPER 2011:18 CONTENTS Abstract 4 Introduction 5 Ideal-types of authority and the resurgence of traditional authorities in Africa 6 Traditional authorities in Northern Somalia 8 Case 1: Traditional authorities within the state apparatus 10 Sheekh Ibraahim – a “pillar of freedom and peace” 10 Boqor Buurmadow – from being a national peace maker to being accused of high treason 11 Case 2: Traditional authorities at the margins 14 Two leaders for one lineage 16 Different types of traditional authorities 21 Conclusion 27 References 30 DIIS WORKING PAPER 2011:18 ABSTracT Somalia has been without effective state institutions since 1991. -
Analysis of Displacement in Somalia
Public Disclosure Authorized ANALYSIS OF DISPLACEMENT IN SOMALIA Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank | Social Development | Global Program on Forced Displacement | July 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized © 2014 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Email: [email protected]. Web site: www.worldbank.org/forced-displacement All rights reserved. Disclaimer This paper is a product of the World Bank Group. The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank, its Executive Directors or the governments they represent. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank Group encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone 978-750-8400; fax 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. Tana Copenhagen ApS Klosterstræde 23, 1st 1157 Copenhagen K Denmark Cover Photo: United Nations Photo/Tobin Jones Acknowledgements This report was produced by the Tana Copenhagen research institute under an initiative by the Global Program on Forced Displacement of the World Bank. The report is researched and written by Erik Bryld, Christine Kamau, and Dina Sinigallia of Tana. -
BTI 2020 Country Report — Somalia
BTI 2020 Country Report Somalia This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2020. It covers the period from February 1, 2017 to January 31, 2019. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of governance in 137 countries. More on the BTI at https://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2020 Country Report — Somalia. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2020. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Contact Bertelsmann Stiftung Carl-Bertelsmann-Strasse 256 33111 Gütersloh Germany Sabine Donner Phone +49 5241 81 81501 [email protected] Hauke Hartmann Phone +49 5241 81 81389 [email protected] Robert Schwarz Phone +49 5241 81 81402 [email protected] Sabine Steinkamp Phone +49 5241 81 81507 [email protected] BTI 2020 | Somalia 3 Key Indicators Population M 15.0 HDI - GDP p.c., PPP $ - Pop. growth1 % p.a. 2.8 HDI rank of 189 - Gini Index - Life expectancy years 56.7 UN Education Index - Poverty3 % - Urban population % 45.0 Gender inequality2 - Aid per capita $ 120.7 Sources (as of December 2019): The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2019 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2019. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $3.20 a day at 2011 international prices. Executive Summary The beginning of the review period saw a presidential election in Somalia. Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, commonly known by his nickname “Farmaajo,” was elected as new president in January 2017. -
A Review of Somalia's (& Semi-Autonomous Regions
REPORT/RAPPORT : SF/2011/11 A REVIEW OF SOMALIA’S (& SEMI-AUTONOMOUS REGIONS) FISHERIES LEGISLATION & MANAGEMENT November 2011 Funded by European Union Implementation of a Regional Fisheries Stategy For The Eastern-Southern Africa And Indian Ocean Region 10th European Development Fund Agreement No: RSO/FED/2009/021-330 “This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and can in no way be taken to the views of the European Union.” Implementation of a Regional Fisheries Strategy For The Eastern-Southern Africa and India Ocean Region Programme pour la mise en oeuvre d'une stratégie de pêche pour la region Afrique orientale-australe et Océan indien A Review of Somalia’s (& Semi-Autonomous Regions) Fisheries Legislation & Management SF/2011/11 Khadija Hassan This report has been prepared with the technical assistance of Le présent rapport a été réalisé par l'assistance technique de November 2011 Funded by European Union Table of Contents Executive Summary................................................................................................... 4 Résumé Exécutif........................................................................................................ 4 Introduction............................................................................................................. 5 Methodology............................................................................................................ 7 Performance in relation -
Somalia Media and Telecoms Landscape Guide January 2012
Somalia Media and Telecoms Landscape Guide January 2012 If you wish to suggest any updates or amendments to this document, please contact Robert Powell on [email protected] 1 Index Page Introduction................................................................................................... 3 Media overview............................................................................................ 11 Radio overview………..................................................................................20 Radio stations..............................................................................................22 TV overview..................................................................................................54 TV stations....................................................................................................56 Print media overview....................................................................................62 Main newspapers..........................................................................................63 Online media ................................................................................................69 Traditional channels of communication.....................................................75 Media resources...........................................................................................77 Telecoms overview.................................................................................. ....84 Telecoms companies...................................................................................88