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Linear and Direction Reverses Sprint Profile with and Without Ball of Young Basketball Players by Positions

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Linear and Direction Reverses Sprint Profile with and Without Ball of Young Basketball Players by Positions International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology 2322-3537 www.ijaep.com Vol.9 No.3 Linear and Direction Reverses Sprint Profile with and Without Ball of Young Basketball Players by Positions Mine Taskin School of Applied Sciences, Selcuk University, Beysehir, Konya, Turkey. Running Title: 20-Meter Sprint and Positions in Basketball. ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Original Research Paper Objectives. The aim of this study is to examine the linear and Doi: 10.26655/IJAEP.2020.3.20 direction reverses sprint profile with and witout ball of young Received January. 2020 basketball players by positions. Methods. Forty one young Accepted March. 2020 basketball players participated in the study. They were categorized Keywords: as center (age: 17.25±0.88 years; height: 1.96±0.05 m; n=8), power Basketball forward (age: 16.75±0.71 years; height: 1.91±0.06 m; n=8), small 20 meter dash sprint forward (age: 17.11±0.78 years; height: 1.87±0.06 m; n=9), shooting positions guard (age: 16.63±0.74 years; height: 1.80±0.07 m; n=8), and point zigzag dash guard (age: 16.63±0.51 years; height: 1.76±0.06 m; n=8). Basketball players participated in four different 2–meter sprint runs, with and without ball linear, with and without ball zigzag. The data were evaluated according to the positions of the players. As results. 20- meter linear sprint (s): Center is significantly worse than small forward, shooting quard, and point quard (P<0.05). 20-meter linear sprint with ball (s): Power forward performed significantly worse than small forward (P<0.05). Power forward performed significantly worse than shooting quard and point quard (P<0.05). 20-meter zigzag sprint (s): Power forward is significantly worse than shooting quard and point quard (P<0.05). 20-meter zigzag sprint with ball (s): Power forward is significantly worse than small forward, shooting quard and point quard (P<0.05).Small forward is significantly worse than point quard (P<0.05). In conclusion, results of this study show that 20-meter sprint times have shown differences between playing positions such as point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward and center players. So, according to this study, the 20-meter sprint profiles of the centers and power forwards appear to be worse than other positions (small forward, shooting guard and point guard). The 20- meter sprint times in four different runs which is named linear and nonlinear in with and without ball. All the 20-meter sprint time of the guards were found to be better than in other positions. Introduction Basketball is a popular team sport among young people, chracterized by individual skills, team play, tactical and technical skills, which include many dynamic and complex movements [1, 2]. Basketball involves repeated complex and high intensity skills throughout the competition, such as rebounding, blocking, screening, jogging, sprinting, turning [3, 4, 5]. Basketball moves are performed with and without balls, so the speed and agility of the International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology www.ijaep.com VOL.9 (3) movement in basketball is divided into groups with and without balls. The ball moves from its own field to the opposing field, dribbling, fast defense and fast offense is the moves that come to the fore. Explosive power and sprint are capabilities that contribute significantly to mass or non-artillery movements, so they play an important role in basketball techniques and tactics [6]. The best basketball players are very fast, agile, powerful and versatile players [7]. In addition, basketball is a skill based on the ability of the dribbling. It has been observed that a good player has the ability to dribble without losing his running speed [8]. Hence, it was observed that the rate of dribbling and running speed of basketball players with different characteristics and different roles may differ [4]. In basketball, there are three different roles in the game, which are different in terms of game characteristics, as guards, forwards and centers [9]. Also, the five player positions on a basketball team can be classified in several different ways. The most detailed system is to place each individual player on the court to a position. The point guard is mostly responsible for carrying the ball down the court and coordinating the offence of his/her team. The shooting guard is usually the team’s best distance shooter, able to score from long distances. The small forward is a multi-disciplinary position, often referred to as ‘utility player’. Pl ayers in this position should be capable of executing the skills of almost any other player on the court should the need arise. The power forward is typically a relatively larger player responsible for aggressive play close to the basket, such as gaining possession of the ball after a missed shot. Similarly, the centre is usually the team’s largest player and is responsible for close range shooting on offence and coordinating the team’s defence [10, 11, 12, 13]. A study found significant differences between playing positions. Guards were found to be at a higher intensity during the game because of their offensive and defensive assignments. Guards inherently sprint and dribble more than forwards and centers. Walking, standing, and jumping were more frequent in centers when compared to guards and forwards [14]. The mean frequency of all activities performed during a game was approximately 1050 movements per game with a significant difference between guards with forwards and centers. The overall mean movement performance of all positions did not excede 3 seconds [15]. A basketball game involves jumping and sprinting related with speed. During a match, a player can do 50 jumps and 10% of his movements includes 10-20-meter sprints [11]. In basketball, all components of speed are indispensable and can be revealed through a comprehensive test. A 20-meter running test, which is an average sprint, is a method used in many studies [16, 17, 18]. Previous studies have shown that the sprint characteristics of basketball players according to their playing positions have been investigated in terms of 10 and 20-meter linear sprints. Therefore, in this study, we aim to evaluate the linear and nonlinear 20-meter sprint profile of young basketball players according to their positions with and without ball. Materials and Methods Participants Forty one young basketball players participated in the study. According to position in the game, they were categorized as centers (age: 17.25±0.88 years; height: 1.96±0.05 m; weight: 86.25±11.37 kg; n=8), power forwards (age: 16.75±0.71 years; height: 1.91±0.06 m; weight: 79.87±8.37 kg; n=8), small forwards (age: 17.11±0.78 years; height: 1.87±0.06 m; weight: 74.44±8.49 kg; n=9), shooting guards (age: 16.63±0.74 years; height: 1.80±0.07 m; weight: 71.37±7.65 kg; n=8), and point guards (age: 16.63±0.51 years; height: 1.76±0.06 m; weight: 65.12±4.88 kg; n=8). Players trained 15 hours per week and play on 1 match per week. At the time of the study, players had average 5 years of competitive experience. All of the players gave their informed consent and volunteered to participate in the study, which had the approval of the local ethical committee. All participants were fully informed verbally and in writing about the nature and demands of the study, as well as the known health risks. All sprint measurements have 197 International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology www.ijaep.com VOL.9 (3) been carried in the afternoon at an indoor sports hall during the competitive season. During the sprint tests, sufficient rest in between was ensured. Procedures 20-meter linear sprint without ball : The basketball player ran the 20-meter distance from the start gate to the finish at top speed. The basketball players performed three trials with two minutes of rest. The best time of basketball players is recorded. Measurements were made using photocell. 20-meter zigzag sprint without ball : The basketball player ran at top speed from the start gate to the 5-meter cone diagonally to the finish. The total running distance is 20-meter. The basketball players performed three trials with two minutes of rest. The best time of basketball players is recorded. Measurements were made using photocell. 20-meter linear sprint with ball: The basketball player ran the 20-meter distance from the start gate to the finish at top speed with ball while dribbling. The basketball players performed three trials with two minutes of rest. The best time of basketball players is recorded. Measurements were made using photocell. 20-meter Zigzag Sprint with Ball: The basketball player ran at top speed from the start gate to the 5-meter cone diagonally to the finish with ball while dribbling. The total running distance is 20-meter. The basketball players performed three trials with two minutes of rest. The best time of basketball players is recorded. Measurements were made using photocell. Statistical Analysis 198 International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology www.ijaep.com VOL.9 (3) The data obtained are summarized by giving mean and standard deviation. One - Sample Kolmogorov - Smirnov test was used for distribution of normality of data. The data showed normal distribution. One way ANOVA test was used for the differences between the players’ positions in terms of sprint tests. Tukey test, a multiple comparison test, was used to determine that the difference was between players’ positions. In this study, the error level was accepted as 0.05.
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