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Palomar Gem & Mineral Club Newsletter
Palomar Gem & Mineral Club Newsletter August 2016 Volume 57 Issue 07 PGMC Annual Picnic We had our annual summer picnic last month at Jesmond Dene Park. As always Moni did a fine job of coordinating the event which included great food brought by everyone as well as a good time of comparing the fine rocks and gems we have found. We had a great slab swap between our members and everyone seemed to have a good time. As summer ends and we get ready to ramp up again, we hope everyone had a safe and productive summer. August is usually a down month for PGMC so that any specialty classes can take place at the shop and folks can go on vacation. We look forward to seeing everyone at the September meeting. Check out the rest of the newsletter for more information about September’s meeting as well as upcoming class schedules. We begin classes this week! 1 Textured Metal Class Come and join in the fun, learning to texture metal and make one-of-kind earrings (3 to 4 pairs) or a bracelet). They are great gifts. You may also learn how to make your own ear wires. Instructors: Diane Hall & Annie Heffner Location: Club Shop Dates: November 20, 2016 Time: 10am-4pm Fee: $35 plus supply cost (club membership required - $25 fee for single membership). You will need about 1 ounce of silver or copper sheet, which we will purchase for every one who is signed up by November 11th. Sign ups after that will need to provide their own material. -
The Wittelsbach-Graff and Hope Diamonds: Not Cut from the Same Rough
THE WITTELSBACH-GRAFF AND HOPE DIAMONDS: NOT CUT FROM THE SAME ROUGH Eloïse Gaillou, Wuyi Wang, Jeffrey E. Post, John M. King, James E. Butler, Alan T. Collins, and Thomas M. Moses Two historic blue diamonds, the Hope and the Wittelsbach-Graff, appeared together for the first time at the Smithsonian Institution in 2010. Both diamonds were apparently purchased in India in the 17th century and later belonged to European royalty. In addition to the parallels in their histo- ries, their comparable color and bright, long-lasting orange-red phosphorescence have led to speculation that these two diamonds might have come from the same piece of rough. Although the diamonds are similar spectroscopically, their dislocation patterns observed with the DiamondView differ in scale and texture, and they do not show the same internal strain features. The results indicate that the two diamonds did not originate from the same crystal, though they likely experienced similar geologic histories. he earliest records of the famous Hope and Adornment (Toison d’Or de la Parure de Couleur) in Wittelsbach-Graff diamonds (figure 1) show 1749, but was stolen in 1792 during the French T them in the possession of prominent Revolution. Twenty years later, a 45.52 ct blue dia- European royal families in the mid-17th century. mond appeared for sale in London and eventually They were undoubtedly mined in India, the world’s became part of the collection of Henry Philip Hope. only commercial source of diamonds at that time. Recent computer modeling studies have established The original ancestor of the Hope diamond was that the Hope diamond was cut from the French an approximately 115 ct stone (the Tavernier Blue) Blue, presumably to disguise its identity after the that Jean-Baptiste Tavernier sold to Louis XIV of theft (Attaway, 2005; Farges et al., 2009; Sucher et France in 1668. -
Pearl Accessories Operator's Manual
Pearl® Trilogy Accessories Manual CE Marking: This product (model number 5700-DS) is a CE-marked product. For conformity information, contact LI-COR Support at http://www.licor.com/biotechsupport. Outside of the U.S., contact your local sales office or distributor. Notes on Safety LI-COR products have been designed to be safe when operated in the manner described in this manual. The safety of this product cannot be guaranteed if the product is used in any other way than is specified in this manual. The Pearl® Docking Station and Pearl Clean Box is intended to be used by qualified personnel. Read this entire manual before using the Pearl Docking Station and Pearl Clean Box. Equipment Markings: The product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for you to refer to the manual or accompanying documents in order to protect against damage to the product. The product is marked with this symbol when a hazardous voltage may be present. Manual Markings: WARNING Warnings must be followed carefully to avoid bodily injury. CAUTION Cautions must be observed to avoid damaging your equipment. NOTE Notes contain additional information and useful tips. IMPORTANT Information of importance to prevent procedural mistakes in the operation of the equipment or related software. Failure to comply may result in a poor experimental outcome but will not cause bodily injury or equipment damage. Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement WARNING: This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause interference to radio communications. -
A Survey of the Gemstone Resources of China
A SURVEY OF THE GEMSTONE RESOURCES OF CHINA By Peter C. Keller and Wang Fuquan The People's Republic of China has recently hina has historically been a land of great mystery, placed a high priority on identifying and C with natural resources and cultural treasures that, developing its gemstone resources. Initial until recently, were almost entirely hidden from the out- exploration by teams of geologists side world. From the point of view of the geologist and throughout China has identified many gemologist, one could only look at known geological maps deposits with significant potential, of this huge country and speculate on the potential impact including amher, cinnabar, garnets, blue sapphires, and diamonds. Small amounts of China would have on the world's gem markets if its gem ruby have' qlso been found. Major deposits resources were ever developed to their full potential. of nephriteyade as well as large numbers of During the past few years, the government of the Peo- gem-bearing pegmatite dilces have been ple's Republic of China (P.R.C.)has opened its doors to the identified.Significant deposits of peridot outside world in a quest for information and a desire for are crirrently being exploited from Hebei scientific and cultural cooperation. It was in this spirit of Province. Lastly, turqrloise rivaling the cooperation that a week-long series of lectures on gem- finest Persian material has been found in stones and their origins was presented by the senior author large quantities in Hubei and Shaanxi and a colleague to over 100 geologists from all over China Provinces. -
Turquoise and Pearl Antique Victorian Pin, PN-2973 Like Pale Blue Skies
Turquoise and Pearl Antique Victorian Pin, PN-2973 Like pale blue skies dappled with silver-lined clouds, this turquoise and pearl antique Victorian pin shimmers with soft color. The twelve gems that cascade down this Victorian brooch alternate between round cabochon turquoises and round half pearls for a total of six of each. The pearls range in color from dark silver to cream. A 14k yellow gold setting showcases these gemstones. Circa 1885 Item # pn2973 Metal 14 karat yellow gold Circa 1885 Weight in grams 1.22 Period or Style Victorian Gemstone name Natural Turquoise Gemstone cut or shape Round Cabochon Gemstone carat weight N/A Gemstone mm measurements 2.0 Gemstone hue Greenish Blue Gemstone tone 4-Medium Light Gemstone saturation 5-Strong Gemstone # of stones 6 Number of pearls 6 Pearl shape Round Half Pearls Pearl size 2.0 Pearl color Dark Silver White and Cream White Pearl overtone None Other pearl info Natural Half Pearls Length 26.8 mm [1.05 in] Width of widest point 3.66 mm [0.14 in] Important Jewelry Information Each antique and vintage jewelry piece is sent off site to be evaluated by an appraiser who is not a Topazery employee and who has earned the GIA Graduate Gemologist diploma as well as the title of AGS Certified Gemologist Appraiser. The gemologist/appraiser's report is included on the Detail Page for each jewelry piece. An appraisal is not included with your purchase but we are pleased to provide one upon request at the time of purchase and for an additional fee. -
Plan De Compensación Global Definición De Volúmenes Volume Definitions
Plan de compensación Global www.globalimpacteam.com Definición de Volúmenes www.globalimpacteam.com Volume Definitions ▪ Qualifying Volume - QV ▪ Used to qualify for Ranks ▪ Commissionable Volume - CV ▪ The volume on which commissions are paid ▪ Starter Pack Volume - SV ▪ Volume on enrollment (Starter packs) for Team Bonus calculations ▪ Kyäni Volume – KV ▪ Volume used in calculating Kyäni Care Loyalty Bonus Genealogy Trees Paygate Team Bonus Fast Start Sponsor Bonus Fast Track Generation Matching Car Program Rank Bonus Ranks - Placement Tree, QV Personal Volume Group Volume Volume Outside Volume Outside KYÄNI RANK (QV) (QV) Largest Leg Largest Two Legs Qualified 100 Distributor Garnet 100 300 100 Jade 100 2000 800 Pearl 100 5,000 2,000 Sapphire 100 10,000 4,000 500 Ruby 100 25,000 10,000 1,250 Emerald 100 50,000 20,000 2,500 Diamond 100 100,000 40,000 5,000 Blue Diamond 100 250,000 100,000 12,500 Green Diamond 100 500,000 200,000 25,000 Purple Diamond 100 1,000,000 400,000 50,000 Red Diamond 100 2,000,000 800,000 100,000 Double Red 100 4,000,000 1,600,000 200,000 Diamond Black Diamond 100 10,000,000 4,000,000 500,000 Double Black 100 25,000,000 10,000,000 1,250,000 Diamond Team Bonus Level Payout Paid Level 6 (5% of SV) Team Bonus (Requires Sapphire Rank) Rank Required % of SV Level Distributor/ Paid Level 5 (5% of SV) Level 1 Qualified 25% (Requires Pearl Rank) Distributor Level 2 Garnet 10% Paid Level 4 (5% of SV) (Requires Jade Rank) Level 3 Jade 5% Level 4 Jade 5% Level 5 Pearl 5% Paid Level 3 (5% of SV) (Requires Jade Rank) Sapphire -
Spring 1995 Gems & Gemology
TABLE CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES 2 Rubies from Mong Hsu Adolf Pelsetti, I(ar7 Schmetzer, Heinz-Jiirgen Bernhardt, and Fred Mouawad " 28 The Yogo Sapphire Deposit Keith A. ~~chaluk NOTES AND NEW TECHNIQUES 42 Meerschaum from Eskisehir Province, Turkey I<adir Sariiz and Islcender Isilc REGULAR FEATURES 52 Gem Trade Lab Notes Gem News Most Valuable Article Award Gems ed Gemology Challenge Book Reviews Gemological Abstracts Guidelines for Authors ABOUT THE COVER: One of the most important ruby localities of the 1990s cov- ers a broad orea near the town of Mong Hsu, in northeastern Myann~ar(B~lrrna). The distinctive gemological features of these rubies are detailed in this issue's lead article. The suite of fine jewelry illustraled here contains 36 Mong Hsu rubies with a total weigh1 of 65.90 ct; the two rubies in the ring total 5.23 ct. jewelry courtesy of Mouawad jewellers. Photo by Opass Sultsumboon-Opass Suksuniboon Studio, Bangltolz, Thailand. Typesetting for Gerrls eS Gemology is by Graphix Express, Santa Monica, CA. Color separations are by Effective Graphics, Compton, CA. Printing is by Cadmus lournal Services, Easton, MD. 0 1995 Gemological Institute of America All rights reserved ISSN 0016-626X - Editor-in-Chief Editor Editors, Gem Trade Lab Notes Richard T. Lidtlicoat Alicc S. I<cller Robcrt C. I<ammerling 1660 Stewart St. C. W. Fryer Associate Editors Smta Mon~ca,CA 90404 William E. Boyajian Editors, Gem News (800)421-7250 ~251 Robcrt C. Kamn~erling Rohcrt C. I<ammerling e-mail: altellcrBclass.org D. Vincent Manson John I. Koivula John Sinltanltas Sr~bscriptions Enirnanuel Fritsch Jln Ll~n Editors, Book llevielvs Technical Editor (800) 421-7250 x201 Susan B. -
Gemstones by Donald W
GEMSTONES By Donald W. olson Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Nicholas A. Muniz, statistical assistant, and the world production table was prepared by Glenn J. Wallace, international data coordinator. In this report, the terms “gem” and “gemstone” mean any gemstones and on the cutting and polishing of large diamond mineral or organic material (such as amber, pearl, petrified wood, stones. Industry employment is estimated to range from 1,000 to and shell) used for personal adornment, display, or object of art ,500 workers (U.S. International Trade Commission, 1997, p. 1). because it possesses beauty, durability, and rarity. Of more than Most natural gemstone producers in the United states 4,000 mineral species, only about 100 possess all these attributes and are small businesses that are widely dispersed and operate are considered to be gemstones. Silicates other than quartz are the independently. the small producers probably have an average largest group of gemstones; oxides and quartz are the second largest of less than three employees, including those who only work (table 1). Gemstones are subdivided into diamond and colored part time. the number of gemstone mines operating from gemstones, which in this report designates all natural nondiamond year to year fluctuates because the uncertainty associated with gems. In addition, laboratory-created gemstones, cultured pearls, the discovery and marketing of gem-quality minerals makes and gemstone simulants are discussed but are treated separately it difficult to obtain financing for developing and sustaining from natural gemstones (table 2). Trade data in this report are economically viable deposits (U.S. -
PERIDOT from TANZANIA by Carol M
PERIDOT FROM TANZANIA By Carol M. Stockton and D. Vincent Manson Peridot from a new locality, Tanzania, is described Duplex I1 refractometer and sodium light, approx- and compared with 13 other peridots from various imate a = 1.650, B = 1.658, and -y = 1.684, indi- localities in terms of color and chemical com- cating a biaxial positive optic character. The position. The Tanzanian specimen is lower in iron specific gravity, measured hydrostatically, is ap- content than all but the Norwegian peridots and is proximately 3.25. very similar to material from Zabargad, Egypt. A gem-quality enstatite that came from the same area CHEMISTRY in East Africa and with which Tanzanian peridot has been confused is also described. The Tanzanian peridot was analyzed using a MAC electron microprobe at an operating voltage of 15 KeV and beam current of 0.05 PA. The standards used were periclase for MgO, kyanite for Ala, quartz for SiOz, wollastonite for CaO, rutile for In September 1982, Dr. Horst Krupp, of Idar- TiOa, chromic oxide for CraOg, almandine-spes- Oberstein, sent GIA's Department of Research a sartine garnet for MnO, fayalite for FeO, and nickel sample of peridot for study. The stone was from oxide for NiO. The data were corrected using the a parcel that supposedly contained enstatite pur- Ultimate correction program (Chodos et al., 1973). chased from the Tanzanian State Gem Corpora- For purposes of comparison, we also selected tion, the source of a previous lot of enstatite that and analyzed peridots from major known locali- Dr. Krupp had already cut and marketed. -
Cultured a Balone Blister Pearls from New Zealand
CULTU RED ABALONE BLISTER PEARLS FROM NEW ZEA LAND By Cheryl Y. Wentzell The successful culturing of abalone pearls balone pearls are highly prized for their rarity, has been known since French scientist dynamic colors, and remarkable iridescence. Louis Boutan’s experimentation in the late Their unusual shapes—often conica l—and 1890s, but commercial production has Apotentially large sizes make these pearls especially well suit - been achieved only in recent decades. The ed for designer jewelry. The beauty of these rare pearls has use of New Zealand’s Haliotis iris , with its spawned several attempts at culturing, recorded as far back colorful and iridescent nacre, has had the as the late 19th century. However, these early attempts strongest recent impact on this industry. Empress Abalone Ltd. is producing large, encountered many obstacles. Only recently have researchers attractive cultured blister pearls in H. iris . begun to overcome the challenges and difficulties presented The first commercial harvest in 1997 yield - by abalone pearl culture. One company, Empress Abalone ed approximately 6,000 jewelry-quality Ltd. of Christchurch, New Zealand, is successfully culturing cultured blister pearls, 9–20 mm in diame - brightly colored blister pearls within New Zealand’s ter, with vibrant blue, green, purple, and Haliotis iris (figure 1). These assembled cultured blister pink hues. Examination of 22 samples of pearls are marketed under the international trademark, this material by standard gemological and Empress Pearl © (or Empress Abalone Pearl © in the U.S.). The advanced testing methods revealed that company is also pursuing the commercial production of the presence and thicknesses of the conchi - whole spherical cultured abalone pearls. -
Olivine – Peridot 橄欖石 Prof
Olivine – Peridot 橄欖石 Prof. Dr H.A. Hänni, FGA, SSEF Research Associate Email: [email protected] Fig. 1 Peridots rough and cut, from various locations. Photo © H.A.Hänni 作者述了寶石級橄欖石的特性,它歸屬於橄欖石 類礦物,它有三種成因,化學成的改變而引致顏 色、折射率和比重的變異,並簡報其內含物、人工 合成方法和產地,以及作為首飾時應注意的地方。 Peridot is a widely appreciated green gemstone (Fig. 1). It belongs to the Olivine group, which also includes the major minerals forsterite Mg2SiO4, fayalite Fe2SiO4 and tephroite Mn2SiO4. Olivines are the main constituents of maic and ultramaic rocks that are formed in the earth’s mantle. Olivine-basalt rocks bring the crystals to the surface, where they are found e.g. in extended basalt layers such as in China (Hebei province) (Fig. 2), and the Fig. 3 A Pallasite, an iron-nickel matrix with olivine crystals. Photo © H.A.Hänni USA (Arizona). Another genetic type of olivines is found in rocks formed by metamorphism like in Myanmar or Pakistan. Olivines are also the main constituents of rare pallasites, nickel-iron meteorites, with large inclusions of olivine (Fig. 3). Synthetic forsterites with dopants are used for laser technology applications. Gemstone olivine is called peridot, and also chrysolite. It is represented by a solid mixture between the Mg member forsterite (fo) and the Fe member fayalite (fa), with high fo and low fa concentrations. Occasional Fig. 2 An olivine-basalt rock sample with olivine grain contributions of Mn, Ni or Cr are always very small, but clusters and a larger olivine crystal from Zhangjikou- inluence the colour of the stone. Forsterite and fayalite Xuanhua, Hebei Province, China. are a solid solution series just as pyrope and almandine Photo © H.A.Hänni garnets. -
Steven Universe Spinoff
Lapis and Peridot Episode 1: Homeworld Pumpkin Gabriella Scholl Steven Universe EXT. LAPIS AND PERIDOT'S BARN - DAY PERIDOT, a crystal gem who's short and green with a triangle shaped hairstyle, is lounging on a beach chair next to their man-made pond playing a game on her tablet. She loses the game, and she stands up and throws her tablet in frustration. PERIDOT Aarrghh! Peridot sits back down on the beach chair. After a moment Peridot gets up and gets her tablet. She returns to the chair and continues to play on her tablet. EXT. TRUCK BALCONY - DAY LAPIS, a crystal gem who's taller and blue; she has a short blue bob, is sitting in the bed of the truck and watching tv. Peridot stands beneath the bed of the truck looking up at Lapis. PERIDOT LAPIS! Lapis ignores Peridot's yelling and continues watching tv. PERIDOT LAPIS! Lapis continues to ignore Peridot. PERIDOT LAAAPIIIIS! Lapis rolls her eyes and begins to get up. Just as she's about to stand up Peridot flies up right in front of her on the lid of a garbage can. Lapis falls back down onto the bed of the truck. PERIDOT Lapis! LAPIS Peridot, you scared me. Peridot gets off of the trash can lid and sits it to the side. She sits directly in front of the tv. Lapis attempts to look around her to see the tv. Created using Celtx 2. PERIDOT Lapis, I'm bored. LAPIS So, go play on your tablet. PERIDOT That's what I've been doing.