DOCSLIB.ORG

Online Education: Teaching in a Time of Change

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Online Education: Teaching in a Time of Change ONLINE EDUCATION: TEACHING IN A TIME OF CHANGE • Paper / Proposal Title: Hybrid Model in Interior Design Education Through E-Learning Instruction • Author(s) Name: Sevinç Alkan-Korkmaz, Mergül Saraf-Yıldızoğlu, Sibel Özden, Büşra Kurt • University or Company Affiliation: Istanbul Rumeli University, Department of Interior Architecture, Istanbul, Turkey • Abstract: The World Health Organization officially announced the COVID-19 outbreak as a global Pandemic in March 2020. During that time, higher education institutions in Turkey took a distance learning approach like as the whole World. Therefore, the departments of interior design had to find ways to continue education different from the traditional/atelier method. It was possible to experience on-line technological tools and e-learning strategies at the departments of interior design in Turkey. Thus, based on the traditional methods of design education in Turkey has revealed some requirements such as change in curriculum. It has emerged that the design education carried out with traditional methods should be integrated with e-learning education programs. In this context, we discuss the model of hybrid education (HE) in interior design as a new possibility. This study aims to explore the model of hybrid education (HE) in interior design that e- learning innovations used in the face-to-face education. This study is part of a comprehensive project; “Innovative Curriculum for Education of Interior Architecture”. The project consists of three basic sections; the first of them includes a literature review and scanning the departments of interior design in Turkey. The second part is researching distance education programs within the interior design from different countries. In the last section, we analyze the collected data and offer the proposal of a hybrid model in interior design education. This study seeks to discuss the process and outcomes of the project and e-learning innovations used in design education. Keywords: E-Learning, interior design, interior design education, hybrid education in design, virtual design studio. • Author(s) Biography: Sevinç ALKAN-KORKMAZ received her B.Arch from Uludağ University (Bursa, Turkey) in 2005. She earned M.Sc. (2011) and Ph.D. (2017) in Architectural Design from Dokuz Eylul University (İzmir, Turkey). She previously worked as a research assistant at Yasar university’s Faculty of Architecture (2009-2015). She currently work as an Assistant Professor at the Istanbul Rumeli University (İstanbul, Turkey), where she has been teaching since 2018. She is leading two research projects within the design education founded by Istanbul Rumeli University (BAP2020010–Innovative Curriculum for Education of Interior Architecture; BAP2020001–3D Printer in the Architecture Education). Her research focuses on the contemporary architecture/design and its criticism, design education, inclusive design and gender studies in design. Mergül SARAF-YILDIZOĞLU received her B.A from Marmara University’s Department of Interior Architecture (İstanbul, Turkey) in 2006. She earned M.Sc. (2010) and Ph.D. (2016) from Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University’s Department of Interior Architecture (İstanbul, Turkey). She previously worked as a research assistant at İstanbul Okan University’s Faculty of Fine Arts (2008-2016) and as an Assistant Professor (2016-2018) at the same university. She currently work as an Assistant Professor at the Istanbul Rumeli University (İstanbul, Turkey), where she has been teaching since 2018. She is a principal researcher on the Istanbul Rumeli University founded project “Innovative Curriculum for Education of Interior Architecture” (Project No: BAP2020010). Her research areas include interior design, lighting design, relationship of design and consumer behaviour and design education. Sibel ÖZDEN received her B.Arch. from Bahcesehir University (Istanbul, Turkey) in 2018. She took architectural classes at International Academy of Rome in Italy as an exchange student for a term in 2016. She has been working on her M.A. at Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University in the Department of Computer Aided Art and Design and as a research assistant at İstanbul Rumeli University’s Department of Interior Architecture. Her research focuses on the education in architectural design studio, technology and architecture, analysis of spatial and urban data, using the data by transforming it into architectural information, revealing cultural heritage through data mapping and data visualization methods. Büşra KURT received her B.Arch from Trakya University (Edirne, Turkey) in 2013. She took architectural classes at Bialystok Technology University in Poland as an Erasmus exchange student for a term in 2011. She previously worked as an architect at Sofist Architectural firm in Istanbul. She has been working on her M.A. at Trakya University in the Department of Architecture and as a research assistant at İstanbul Rumeli University’s Department of Interior Architecture. Her research focuses conducting architectural history research using historical maps, modern architecture, design education. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Standardization Problem of Author Affiliations in Citation Indexes
    Standardization Problem of Author Affiliations in Citation Indexes Zehra Taşkın and Umut Al Hacettepe University, Department of Information Management, 06800, Beytepe ANKARA Tel: +90 (312) 297 8200 Fax: +90 (312) 299 2014 [email protected] Abstract: Academic effectiveness of universities is measured with the number of publications and citations. However, accessing all the publications of a university reveals a challenge related to the mistakes and standardization problems in citation indexes. The main aim of this study is to seek a solution for the unstandardized addresses and publication loss of universities with regard to this problem. To achieve this, all Turkey-addressed publications published between 1928 and 2009 were analyzed and evaluated deeply. The results show that the main mistakes are based on character or spelling, indexing and translation errors. Mentioned errors effect international visibility of universities negatively, make bibliometric studies based on affiliations unreliable and reveal incorrect university rankings. To inhibit these negative effects, an algorithm was created with finite state technique by using Nooj Transducer. Frequently used 47 different affiliation variations for Hacettepe University apart from “Hacettepe Univ” and “Univ Hacettepe” were determined by the help of finite state grammar graphs. In conclusion, this study presents some reasons of the inconsistencies for university rankings. It is suggested that, mistakes and standardization issues should be considered by librarians, authors, editors, policy makers and managers to be able to solve these problems. Keywords: Standardization Problem, Finite State Technique, Data Accuracy, Data Unification, Address Unification, Research Evaluation, University Rankings, Citation Indexes, Nooj Introduction Citation indexes are used not only for following literature, but also making citation analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 EDITORIAL Emergency Online Language Education and Academic
    2021, 7(1) The Literacy Trek EDITORIAL Emergency Online Language Education and Academic Integrity Salim Razı1 Özgür Şahan2 1 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey / Contact: [email protected] 2 Yozgat Bozok University, Turkey / Contact: [email protected] Editorial introduction to the special issue Adherence to academic integrity is crucial for any educational activity including teaching, learning, and research practices (Bretag, 2016). Research on academic integrity has grown more visible over the last two decades. Although previous researchers preferred the characterization of ‘academic misconduct’, recently there has been a push to avoid this term as much as possible. The importance of academic integrity has come to the forefront as a result of the sudden change to online/distance education from conventional face-to-face settings due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. However, in response to emergency online education, or emergency remote teaching in other words, most institutions and individuals were not prepared or experienced enough to offer a sound set of educational activities online including lectures, assignments, and exams. Moreover, a lack of teachers’ and students’ experience using a digital teaching/learning platform, a low level of awareness about academic integrity, as well as limited institutional infrastructure and individual resources contributed to problems that arose during emergency online education, leading to more intense discussions concerning adherence to the six core values of academic integrity, which are honesty, trust, fairness, respect, responsibility, and courage as identified by the International Center for Academic Integrity (ICAI, 2021). The promotion of academic integrity has become more challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic regardless of discipline, institution, or country.
    [Show full text]
  • Conference Abstracts
    Balancing innovation and tradition in science editing 14TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND CONFERENCE Bucharest, Romania 2018 CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS The dynamics of scientific publication over the past decade - a brief analysis Octavian Andronic,1,2 Dan Nicolae Păduraru,1,2 Alexandra Bolocan,1,2 Daniel Ion1,2 1The University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, Romania 2The University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Romania In the past 10 years, scientific publication has undergone a rapid and fundamental transformation, being affected by both technological evolution and digital systems, as well as by profound changes in the academic and scientific environments. We investigated the dynamics of the articles published over the past 10 years, depending on various parameters such as language, scientific area, geographic region, type of open access or type of article. The data used were taken from the most popular online platforms (Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and DOAJ) from 1 January 2007- 31 December 2017 and targeted only articles (eg original research, editorials, reviews) not book chapters, policy documents or similar. The analysis of the data will be presented in relative mode, with the year 2007 as the reference. Evaluation of the transparency of the peer-review process at Trakya University journals Müge Atakan Trakya University, Turkey Trakya University has ten international peer-reviewed scientific journals. In this research, we analysed the transparency of the peer-review process at these journals. We used the 14-item tool of Wicherts to rate transparency of the peer-review process. One of the most important ways to provide transparency is to list the criteria used by reviewers to evaluate submissions: seven of the ten journals did not do this.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison Member and Candidate Countries to the European Union by Means of Main Health Indicators∗
    China-USA Business Review, ISSN 1537-1514 April 2012, Vol. 11, No. 4, 556-563 D D AV I D PUBLISHING Comparison Member and Candidate Countries to the European ∗ Union by Means of Main Health Indicators Fatma Lorcu Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey Bilge Acar Bolat Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Throughout history, health policies and the institutionalization of health care have taken shape according to political and economic conditions, social structures and value systems of societies, as well as to their needs and changes in health conditions. Today, economic development is addressed from a different approach in which the issue of health plays an important part. With a focus on the health sector’s role in development, this new approach has increased the importance of this sector of government and of life, allowing data on health to be included in many countries’ development indicators. The aim of this study is to identify the differences between EU former member states, member states, and candidate countries (including Turkey) in terms of health indicators that have become the key indicators of social and economic development. In this study, discriminant analysis will be used in order to analyse the differences between the European Union (EU) countries, and candidate countries in terms of main health indicators. Under-five mortality rate (‰), health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), total expenditure on health as percent of gross domestic product expenditure (percentage of GDP), immunization coverage among one-year-olds with one dose of measles (%), prevalence of current tobacco use among adults (≥ 15 years) (%), per capita recorded alcohol consumption (litres of pure alcohol) among adults, total fertility rate (%), hospital beds (per 1,000 population), physicians (per 1,000 population) and life expectancy are all included in the analysis as main health indicators of a country’s fitness for acceptance into the EU.
    [Show full text]
  • About the Contributors
    427 About the Contributors Ulas Akkucuk is an Associate Professor of Quantitative Methods at Bogazici University Department of Management, Istanbul-Turkey. Dr. Akkucuk has a BS in Industrial Engineering from Bilkent University (1997), an MBA from Bogazici University (2000) and a PhD in Management Science and Information Systems from Rutgers University (2004). His research interests lie in the methodological development of multivariate techniques such as Clustering and Multidimensional Scaling and novel applications into fields including global competitiveness, CRM and technology management and environmental man- agement. He has taught Statistics, CRM & Data Mining, and Global Aspects of Management courses, among others, at both graduate and undergraduate levels. He is associate editor and editorial board member of International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (IJRBS) and has been an ad hoc reviewer for journals such as Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Bogazici Journal and International Journal of Business Economics and Management. He has edited three books the first entitled “Devel- oping Sustainable Value in Marketing Finance and Economics” which was published by IGI Global in 2015, the second one “Handbook of Research on Waste Management Techniques for Sustainability” was published in 2016. The last one “Ethics and Sustainability in Global Supply Chain Management” came to fruition in 2017 and was subsequently indexed in both SCOPUS and Web of Science. He is a member of the Classification Society (CS), Society for the Study of Business and Finance (SSBF) and Turkish National Committee on Solid Waste Management (TNCSW). * * * Ayse Akyol is working as Professor of Marketing in the Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, at Trakya University, Turkey.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis on the Effect of the Thinking Styles of Prospective Social Studies
    International Journal of Progressive Education, Volume 15 Number 5, 2019 © 2019 INASED Analysis on the Effect of the Thinking Styles of Prospective Social Studies and Classroom Teachers on Their Attitudes towards Learning in Terms of Different Variables Ayşegül Çelik i Yozgat Bozok University Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between the thinking styles of prospective teachers and their attitudes towards learning. Relational screening model was used in this research analyzing the relationship between the thinking styles of prospective social studies and classroom teachers and their attitude towards learning. The research sample is composed of 191 prospective social studies and classroom teachers studying in a state university located in Central Anatolia Region for academic year. Rational-Experiential Thinking Styles Questionnaire and The Scale of Attitudes towards Learning chosen as purpose-oriented were used in the study. Unrelated samples t test, one-way analysis of variance and pearson correlation analysis were performed in the data analysis. A negatively significant relation was ascertained between the cognitive requirement sub-dimension of the thinking styles questionnaire of prospective teachers and the sub-dimensions of the nature of learning, expectations about learning and openness to learning belonging to the scale of attitudes towards learning. There was no significant relation observed between the intuitive belief sub-dimension of the thinking styles questionnaire and the sub-dimensions of the nature of learning, expectations about learning, openness to learning and concern about learning belonging to the scale of attitudes towards learning. Keywords: Attitudes towards learning, Prospective teachers, Thinking styles. DOI: 10.29329/ijpe.2019.212.7 ------------------------------- i Ayşegül Çelik, Assist.
    [Show full text]
  • Architectural Education in Turkey
    Architectural Education in Turkey HULYA YUREKLI Istanbul Technical University .4rchtectural education is a vast and complicated field of study and the profile of their students, their curriculum, the architectural education inTurkey is also very critical and fragile. At the structure and relations of the studio and lectures and their panel the focus of the hscussion was on the relations of "formal" and relations with the architectural praxis". "informal" education in architecture and the future of architectural education inTurkey considering its "formal" and "informal" applications. Having a European, mainly German base of education system, the The aim of the discussion Ivas not to find solutions for the education school of architecture of ITU had a faculty that had hstinguished German system but to have a debate on the situation and to understand the scholars who were very effective in the foundation of the school of dfferent attitudes of different academics from different institutions architecture in 1944.The 1970's were a critical time for the school, the new ideas shook the basis ofthe education system and the students built and different back~roundsc in this countrv. If we try to describe the situation in Turkey maybe some figures a big pressure on the system for radical changes. can enli~htenthe uresent condition. In 1990 there were onlv 11 schools The aim of the school from the 1970's to recently was: To try to 0 J of archtecture in this country. In the order of their foundation dates, teach everything that existed as archtectural knowledge.Thls \vas also hlimar Sinan University, IstanbulTechnical University,YildlzTechnical the general idea before the 70's, but as specialization \vas the ne\v University, Middle East Technical University, Karadeniz Technical trend, a specialization of archtectural knowledge was being introduced.
    [Show full text]
  • 1A Seri Adı/Series's Name : NWSA-Engineering Sciences (ISSN
    ISSN:1306 3111 DOI:10.12739/NWSA E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy Uluslararası Hakemli E-Dergi/E-Journal with International Referee Üç ayda bir yayınlanır (Ocak, Nisan, Temmuz ve Ekim). Published three-montly (January, April, July, and October). Yıl/Year : 2015 Cilt/Volume : 10 Sayı/Number : 3 Seri/Series : 1A Seri Adı/Series’s Name : NWSA-Engineering Sciences (ISSN:1308-7231) EBSCO Publishing veri tabanında taranmaktadır. Indexed in EBSCO Publishing index. Yazışma Adresi/Address of Corespondence 1) NWSA Fırat Teknokent TGB ArGe 2 Binası No:63/18 Elazığ-Turkey 2) NWSA P.K. 23 Elazığ-Turkey www.newwsa.com, http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/index2.php?p=institution_journals&q=NWSA Genel Yayın Yönetmeni ve İmtiyaz Sahibi/Chief Editor and Owner Dr. Cevdet Emin Ekinci Fırat University (NWSA) Mühendislik Bilimleri Yayın Yönetmeni/Engineering Sciences Editor Dr. Aydın Durmuş Ondokuz Mayıs University Editörler/Editors Dr. Aydın Durmuş Ondokuz Mayıs University Dr. Cevdet Emin Ekinci Fırat University Dr. Eyüp Sabah Afyon Kocatepe University Dr. Fehiman Çiner Niğde University Dr. Fahri Birinci Ondokuz Mayıs University Dr. Hüseyin Canpolat Mersin University Dr. Koray Tunçalp Marmara University Dr. Manaf Manafov Adıyaman University Dr. Mehmet Bayburt Ege University Dr. Murat Elibol Ege University Dr. O.Ayhan Erdem Gazi University Dr. Okşan Kansoy Ege University Dr. Ömer Keleşoğlu Fırat University Dr. Özlem Pelin Can Cumhuriyet University Dr. Sevil Bayburt Ege University Dr. Sezgin Kaçar Sakarya University Dr. Ufuk Teoman Aksoy Fırat University Editör Yardımcıları/Subeditors Dr. Ahmet Gürkan Yüksel Cumhuriyet University Dr. Ayhan Orhan Fırat University Dr. Ayşe Çelik Bedeloğlu Bursa Teknik University Dr. İsmail Sarıtaş Selçuk University Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • İndeksleme, Arşivleme Ve Erişilebilirlik/Indexing, Archiving, and Accessibility ARI, BASE, CIF, Crossref, DOI, DRJI, Ebscohost, ESJI, Google Scholar, PILA, SIS
    Dergi/Journal : Ecological Life Sciences Yayıncı/Publisher : NWSA Academic Journals ISSN : 1308 7258 Yıl/Year : 2018 Cilt/Volume : 13 Sayı/Number : 3 Uluslararası Hakemli E-Dergi/ International Peer-Reviewed E-Journal Üç ayda bir yayınlanır (Ocak, Nisan, Temmuz ve Ekim). Published three-montly (January, April, July, and October). İndeksleme, Arşivleme ve Erişilebilirlik/Indexing, Archiving, and Accessibility ARI, BASE, CIF, CrossRef, DOI, DRJI, EBSCOhost, ESJI, Google Scholar, PILA, SIS Yazışma Adresi/Address of Corespondence 1) NWSA Fırat Teknokent TGB ArGe 2 Binası No:63/18 Elazığ-Turkey 2) NWSA P.K. 23 Elazığ-Turkey http://dergipark.gov.tr/explore/journal?publisher_filters=NWSA+Akademik+Dergiler&type_fi lters=%C3%96zel Genel Yayın Yönetmeni ve İmtiyaz Sahibi/General Editorial Director and Concessionaire Dr. Cevdet Emin Ekinci Fırat University Ekolojik Yaşam Bilimleri Yayın Yönetmeni/Chief in Editor of Ecological Life Sciences Dr. Nuri Başusta Fırat University Editörler/Editors Dr. Azize Toper Kaygın Bartın University Dr. Fatin Cedden Ankara University Dr. Erdoğan Güneş Ankara University Dr. Fehiman Çiner Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Dr. Figen Dilek Ankara University Dr. Hakan Ulukan Ankara University Dr. Halil Fidan Ankara University Dr. Mustafa Avcı Süleyman Demirel University Dr. Nuri Başusta Fırat University Dr. Selima Khatun Burdwan University Dr. Uğur Çakılcıoğlu Munzur University Editör Yardımcıları/Subeditors Dr. Asiye Başusta Fırat University Dr. Erdoğan Çiçek Nevsehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Dr. Ebru Yüce Munzur University Dr. Hülya Hoşgören Dicle University Dr. Mahmut Ali Gökçe İzmir Ekonomi University Dr. Muammer Bahşi Fırat University Dr. Nesrin Karaca Şenyürek Munzur University Dr. Perihan Güler Kırıkkale University Dr. Rıdvan Polat Bingöl University Dr. Sertaç Güngör Selçuk University Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Nanotechnology - Global by 2021 from $56.5 Million in 2016 at a CAGR of 28.2%, from 2016 to 2021
    NANOTECHNOLOGY AT A GLANCE Nanotechnology is defined as the science, engineering, and technology which is conducted at the nanoscale level, i.e. about 1 to 100 nanometers. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, NANOTECHNOLOGY such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering. Scientists and engineers are finding a wide variety of ways to deliberately make materials at the nanoscale to utilize the advantage of their enhanced properties such as improvisation in control of light spectrum, high strength, light weight and higher chemical reactivity than their larger-scale counterparts. Visualization, manipulation and modeling of IN TURKEY atoms, molecules and macro molecular structure to create unique desired structures is performed in nanotechnological research for gene- rating nanocomponents with enhanced properties and functionalities. ¹ The global nanotechnology market has shown impressive growth owing to In terms of patents owned, research universities and technology factors, like increase in government and private sector funding for R&D, companies from Asia dominates the market. As seen on figure 1 below, partnerships & strategic alliances between countries, and increased in more than 75% of the universities, research institutions or companies demand for smaller and more powerful devices at affordable prices. with the highest number of patents owned are originally located in Asia. Nanotechnology has made major breakthrough in the healthcare industry with its application for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases like cancer, heart ailments, etc. Further, significant developments are also NUMBER OF PATENTS achieved in other sectors such as electronics, agriculture, and energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural and Socio-Demographic Analysis of an Historical Neighborhood in Edirne
    CULTURAL AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF AN HISTORICAL NEIGHBORHOOD IN EDIRNE Nevnihal Erdoğan a , Vedia Dökmeci b, Damla Zeybekoğlu c a Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey – [email protected] b Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Taksim, İstanbul, Turkey –[email protected] c Trakya Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University, Edirne, Turkey – [email protected] Subject Group : Cultural Landscapes KEY WORDS : Neighborhood; Social; Cultural; Integration; Revitalization ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the family, social and economic structures and social interaction in Yıldırım District in Edirne. The district has a long history starting from the 15 th century in the periphery of Edirne. It still has the mosque, poor people’s kitchen and some of housing from that time. During the Ottoman period, the ethnic and religious groups were identified by their wards such as Greek ward, Gypsy ward and Islamic ward. The purpose of this paper is to investigate social and cultural implications of the changes in these neighborhoods through time. Physical, social and demographic conditions are observed by surveying these neighborhoods. According to the results of the study, although there are people from different countries, and different regions of Turkey with different cultural background, they are very well socially integrated. Young people complain about unemployment problem and lack of social facilities. They demand upgrading of physical conditions of their neighborhood. Due to its importance in the history and for social well being of the society, it is necessary to provide required investments to improve physical conditions of the neighborhood, to restore historical buildings and to upgrade the living standards.
    [Show full text]
  • STEP by STEP SDU- YÖS (Foreign Student Examination)
    10.01.2017, Isparta STEP BY STEP SDU- YÖS (Foreign Student Examination) 1. Online application, 2. Creation of an e-mail address required for application, 3. Carrying out pre-registration process at https://yosbasvuru.sdu.edu.tr/ 4. After pre-registration, signing in the system via password, 5. Continuing registration by choosing exam center and exam language on Exam selection Screen, 6. Execution of payment transaction (by credit card/money order) 7. Uploading the payment of the receipt into the system, 8. After the registration, obtaining examination entrance document from the system at the announced dates, 9. Please click http://yos.sdu.edu.tr/tr for detailed information about preference and registration process, 10. For application process, signing in https://obs.sdu.edu.tr/ via T.R Identity No/ Passport No/ Syrian Temporary Identity No and filling in the information completely and correctly, 11. Uploading the necessary documents for preference process (maximum 5 preferences) into the system, 12. The announcement of principal candidate list at https://obs.sdu.edu.tr/, 13. Completion of the registration process by applying to the Faculty/School/Vocational School personally between the dates specified in 2017-2018 Academic Year SDU-YÖS calendar, 14. Except for the specified registration dates, the right of registration can be lost, click on http://yos.sdu.edu.tr/tr for the necessary documents. 15. In order to start studying at SDU, candidates are required to submit a document stating that they have Turkish proficiency at minimum B1 level. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 1. WHAT IS YÖS? Foreign Students Examination (YÖS) is an examination that foreign students, who want to study in higher education institution in Turkey, can take and use their results while applying for admission to these institutions.
    [Show full text]