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Two New Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand

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Two New Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand J. Jpn. Bot. 86: 1–8 (2011) Two New Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand Chayan PICHEANSOONTHON* The Academy of Science, The Royal Institute of Thailand Sanam Suea Pa, Sriayudhaya Road, Khet Dusit, Bangkok, 10300 THAILAND *Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 THAILAND Corresponding author: [email protected] (Accepted on September 8, 2010) Kaempferia saraburiensis and K. koratensis (Zingiberaceae), two new species from Thailand, are described and illustrated. Relationship with closely related taxa is also discussed. Key words: Kaempferia koratensis, Kaempferia saraburiensis, new species, Thailand, Zingiberaceae. Traditionally, the native Thais use the term research on taxonomy and DNA fingerprints of “wan (วาน่ )” to call or describe the specific group the wan in these families is currently supported of plants with spiritual and medicinal properties, by the Thai Traditional Medical Knowledge mostly plants with underground storage roots Fund (Ministry of Public Health, the Royal Thai (e.g., tuberous roots, fusiform roots) or stems Government). Resulting from intensive studies (e.g., rhizomes, bulbs, corms). These kinds of on the genus Kaempferia L. (Zingiberaceae), plants still have an influence over daily life of several members of which are the important the people both in Thailand and Lao PDR, and is wans in the Thai rural culture, the genus was commonly believed that they process a magical reviewed (Picheansoonthon and Koonterm power for curing diseases and protecting 2008a) and two new taxa were recently added, ones from harmful incidents. Commonly K. sisaketensis (Picheansoonthon and Koonterm known “wan” are scientifically assigned to 2009) and K. lopburiensis (Picheansoonthon several families of the Monocotyledonae (e.g., 2010). Zingiberaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Araceae), with In this paper two further species, K. saraburiensis a few in the Dicotyledonae, among which the and K. koratensis, are described and illustrated. Zingiberaceae is one of the most important wan families, particularly the genera Kaempferia and Taxonomic treatment Curcuma. 1. Kaempferia saraburiensis Picheans., sp. In order to determine fundamental scientific nov. [Figs. 1, 2] basis of the wan used in Thailand for protection TYPE: THAILAND. Saraburi Province, of this valuable indigenous knowledge and for Wat Phra Phutthabat, 14° 43.111′ N 100° 47.249′ future research, especially in drug development, E, alt. 46 m, 21 June 2008, C. Picheansoonthon —1— Fig. 1. Kaempferia saraburiensis Picheans. A. Rhizomes, roots and lower part of pseudostem. B. Habit (top view). C, D. Flower. E. Bract. F, G. Bracteole. H. Ovary and calyx tube. I. Dorsal corolla lobe. J, K. Lateral corolla lobe. L, M. Lateral staminode. N. Labellum. O. Ovary, stylodial glands and lower part of the style. P. Anther, stigma and anther crest. Drawn by C. Boonchit. —2— February 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 86 No.1 3 A B C D E F Fig. 2. Kaempferia saraburiensis Picheans. A. Habit in its type locality. B–D. Flowers from different individuals. E. Side view of flower, and an infructescence showing fruit (greenish bract removed). F. Fruit (1–2) and seed (3). Photo by C. Picheansoonthon. 210608-2 (holotype–BKF; isotype–BK, SING). sparsely hairy; leaf-sheaths 2.4–3.7 cm long, Kaempferiae siamensi similis, sed bifoliata sparsely hairy; bladeless sheath 2–3× 2.3–4.1 cm (contra unifoliata), vaginis foliorum sparse long, apex mucronate, hairy; ligule membranous, pilosis, vaginis efoliarum pilosis, staminodiis 3–4 mm. long. Inflorescence subsessile, dilute brunneis obovatis differt. embedded in the two innermost leaf sheaths; Perennial herb, rhizome slender, long flowers few. Bracts lanceolate to oblong, 3.4– creeping, bearing several roots in a fascicle. 5.1× 8–12 mm, apex acute, glabrous. Bracteoles Leaves 2, sessile, blade horizontal near the 2, linear, 2.4–3.8× ca. 1 mm, apex acuminate, ground, broadly ovate, 13.2–16.7×11.1–15.6 cm, glabrous. Calyx tubular, 4.1–4.5 cm long, split base rounded, apex mucronate, margin slightly on one side, 1–1.2 cm long, glabrous, apex bifid. undulate, upper surfaces glabrous, lower surface Corolla tube, 6.7–7.2 cm long, whitish, glabrous; 4 植物研究雑誌 第 86 巻 第 1 号 2011 年 2 月 Table 1. Morphological comparison between Kaempferia siamensis Sirirugsa and K. saraburiensis Picheans. K. siamensis K. saraburiensis Bladeless leaf-sheath glabrous hairy Number of leaves 1 2 Leaf-sheath glabrous sparsely hairy Staminode oblong, pale purple to purple obovate, light brown Anther crest deeply bilobed, lobes lanceolate, ovate, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, apex acute to trifid equal (rarely unequal), apex acute dorsal corolla lobe narrowly lanceolate, 2.4–2.5 known from a few locations in central Thailand. × ca. 2 mm, apex hooded; lateral corolla lobes It was found growing on and among rocks on narrowly lanceolate, 2–2.4 cm× ca. 2 mm, the limestone hills in Changwat Saraburi. The apex acute. Staminodes obovate, light brown, type locality is in the area of the sacred ancient 2.4–2.7× 1.2–1.3 cm., apex rounded. Labellum Buddhist temple (Wat Phra Puttabat) and is, violet, darker at base, broadly obovate, 2.1–2.7 therefore, well protected. This new taxon can × 1.9–2.1 cm, divided to the middle, each lobe also be found in several sites in Changwat obovate, 1.2–1.5× 0.7–1.2 cm, apex rounded. Lopburi, where it either co-exists with K. aff. Stamen sessile, anther 4–6 mm long, anther galanga L. or K. lopburiensis Picheans. crest ovate, 4–6× 3–4 mm, apex acute to trifid. Other materials studied: THAILAND. Changwat Stigma funnel-shaped. Ovary cylindrical 2–3× Lopburi, Kok Tum Mueung, 14° 48.360′ N 100° 46.235′ 2 mm, glabrous, 3-locular, placentation axile, E, alt. 67 m, 6 June 2008, Picheansoonthon 060608- 1 (BKF); Changwat Lopburi, Khao Chin Lae, 14° ovules many; stylode 2, filiform, very slender, 49.641′ N 100° 44.872′ E, alt. 134 m, 20 June 2008, C. ca. 7 mm long. Fruits fleshy, obovate-oblong Picheansoonthon 200608-3 (BKF). to oblong, 0.7–1.5 cm× 3–4 mm. Seeds many, narrowly ellipsoid to deltoid, brownish, 2–3× 2. Kaempferia koratensis Picheans., sp. nov. 1–2 mm; capped with whitish aril. [Figs. 3, 4] Distribution: This new species is known TYPE: THAILAND. Changwat Nakhon from several localities in Changwats Saraburi Ratchasima (Korat), Khao Takut Rung, 14° and Lopburi. 34.755′ N 102° 00.864′ E, alt. 310 m, 4 June Ecology: On limestone soil, or on rocks 2008, C. Picheansoonthon 040608-1 (holotype– in lowland dry deciduous forest, from the BKF; isotypes –BK, SING). altitude of 67–134 m. Kaempferiae roscoeanae similis, sed vaginis Vernacular name: Wan Pro Daeng (วานเปราะแดง่ ), omnibus pilosis, foliorum pagina infra pilosa, Wan Toobmoob Daeng (วานตูบหมูบแดง่ ). bracteis sparse pilosis, labelli lobis et staminodiis Uses: Medicinal. late obovatis ad suborbicularibus differt. Note: This new species is morphologically Perrenial herb, rhizome bearing several close to K. siamensis Sirirugsa in its floral tuberous roots. Leaves usually two, sessile; structure. However, it can be readily blade horizontal near the ground, suborbicular, distinguished by its two leaves and characteristic ovate, ovate-oblong, 16.2–20.3× 14.5–20.3 cm, erect, light brown staminodes. The differences base rounded-cuneate, apex mucronate, upper between these two taxa are shown in Table 1. surfaces glabrous, dark green, lower surfaces Kaempferia saraburiensis Picheans., hairy, pale green; leaf-sheaths keeled and thick, together with K. lopburiensis Picheans., is so far 3.2–5.1 cm× 2.3–4.5 cm, hairy; bladeless sheath February 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 86 No.1 5 Fig. 3. Kaempferia koratensis Picheans. A. Rhizome. B. Habit. C. Ligule. D. Flower. E. Bract. F, G. Bracteole. H. Ovary and calyx tube. I. Dorsal corolla lobe. J, K. Lateral corolla lobe. L, M. Lateral staminode. N. Labellum. O–S. Anther, stigma and various forms of anther crests. T–V. Ovary with part of the style and the stylodes. Drawn by C. Boonchit. 3.1–6.9 cm long, hairy; ligule membranous ca. two innermost leaf sheaths, short and compact; 3 mm. long, hairy. Inflorescence enclosed in the flowers few. Bracts oblong, 2.4–3.9 × 0.6–2.2 6 植物研究雑誌 第 86 巻 第 1 号 2011 年 2 月 A B C Fig. 4. Kaempferia koratensis Picheans. A. Habit at the type locality. B. Top view of flower. C. Side view of flower showing bract, bracteole, calyx tube and corolla tube and a lateral corolla lobe. Photo by C. Picheansoonthon. cm, apex acuminate, sparsely hairy; bracteoles rounded, emarginated. Filament sessile; anther folded, 2, linear, attached to the base on both 3–4 mm long; anther crest ovate, obovate, side of the ovary, 2.4–3.6 cm long, apex acute, rectangular, 8–12 × 4–6 mm, apex rounded, glabrous. Calyx tubular, 3.1–4.5 cm long, split bi-trilobed. Stigma funnel-shaped. Ovary ca. on one side to 0.7–1.5 cm deep, glabrous, apex 4 × 2 mm, gla brous, styles filiform, ca. 4 mm bifid. Corolla tube 3.3–5.6 cm long, glabrous; long; ovules several, 3-locular, the placentation dorsal lobe oblong, 2.5–3.1 cm× 4–6 mm, axile. Flowering June–August, fruiting July– apex hooded; lateral lobes oblong 2.2–2.9× September. 3–5 mm, apex acute, gla brous. Staminodes Distribution: This new species is known only pure white, broadly obovate, suborbicolar, from the type localities in Changwat Nakhon 2.5–3.2× 1.7–2.2 cm, apex rounded. Labellum Ratchasima (Korat), Thailand. white with yellow spot at the base, divided Ecology: On sandy soil or on rocks, under to the base, each lobe broadly obovate or the shade in dry deciduous forest at altitude suborbicular, 2.2–2.7× 1.8–2.5 cm, apex 224 to 360 m.
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