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Three New Species of Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand and Laos

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Three New Species of Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand and Laos J. Jpn. Bot. 88: 297–308 (2013) Three New Species of Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand and Laos a,b a Boonmee PHOKHAM , Pornpimon WONGSUWAN a,c,d, and Chayan PICHEANSOONTHON * aFaculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakhon Sawan Road, Amphoe Mueang Maha Sarakham, 44000 THAILAND; bDepartment of Pharmacy Technique, Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Chonburi, Amphoe Mueang Chon Buri, 20000 THAILAND; cFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Amphoe Mueang Khon Kaen, 40002 THAILAND; dThe Academy of Science, The Royal Institute of Thailand, Sanam Suea Pa, Sriayudhaya Road, Khet Dusit, Bangkok, 10300 THAILAND *Corresponding author: [email protected] (Accepted on May 11, 2013) Three new Kaempferias, Kaempferia udonensis Picheans. & Phokham and K. picheansoonthonii Wongsuwan & Phokham from northeastern Thailand and K. xiengkhouangensis Picheans. & Phokham from Lao PDR (Zingiberaceae), are described and illustrated. Relationship with their closely related taxa is also discussed. Key words: Kaempferia picheansoonthonii, Kaempferia udonensis, Kaempferia xiengkhouangensis, Lao PDR, new species, Thailand, Zingiberaceae. The genus Kaempferia L. is a medium-sized (Picheansoonthon and Koonterm 2009a), and K. genus of the Zingiberaceae. The emerald triangle sawanensis Picheans. (Picheansoonthon 2009), (the areas around the Mekong basin in southern while four new taxa were newly described for Laos, northeastern Thailand, and northern Thailand: K. sisaketensis Picheans. & Koonterm Cambodia) is the center of diversity of this plant (Picheansoonthon and Koonterm 2009b), K. group. Several members of the genus have been lopburiensis Picheans. (Picheansoonthon 2010), used ethnobotanically, particularly in traditional K. saraburiensis Picheans. and K. koratensis and indigenous medicine (Picheansoonthon and Picheans. (Picheansoonthon 2011). Koonterm 2008a). The genus Kaempferia can roughly be Recent studies on the genus in this region classified into two groups: the K. galanga group have led to recognition of several new species. and the K. rotunda group. Members of the Five new species were reported from Lao PDR: latter group are characterized by inflorescences Kaempferia chayanii Koonterm (Koonterm appearing from the leafless rhizomes, generally 2008), K. champasakensis Picheans. & at the end of March to early May (known Koonterm (Picheansoonthon and Koonterm in the west as the “spring-blooming”). This 2008b), K. gigantiphylla Picheans. & Koonterm, Kaempferia group has horticultural potential, K. attapeuensis Picheans. & Koonterm some of which are available in both domestic —297— 298 植物研究雑誌 第 88 巻 第 5 号 2013 年 10 月 Fig. 1. Kaempferia udonensis Picheans. & Phokham. A. Habit. B. Roots, rhizome and and inflorescence. C, D. Bracts. E. Bracteole. F. Flower (top view). G. Ovary and calyx tube. H. Dorsal corolla lobe. I, J. Lateral corolla lobes. K, L. Lateral staminodes. M. Labellum. N. Anther and anther crest with variable apeces. O. Ovary, stylodial glands, and lower part of the style. P. Fruit with persistent calyx tube. Q. Seeds. Drawn by Bordin Laowwongsar. October 2013 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 88 No. 5 299 1cm 1cm Fig. 2. Kaempferia udonensis Picheans. & Phokham. A. Inflorescence. B. Roots (with fusiform tuberous roots), rhizome and an inflorescence. C. Flower showing characteristic large anther crest with variable apex. D. Fruit and red seeds capped with white membranous aril. E. Lower part of a leaf showing a red ligule and petiole. F. Leaves with several silvery markings. Photographed by Chayan Picheansoonthon. and worldwide markets. Taxonomic treatments In Thailand and Laos, there are previously 1. Kaempferia udonensis Picheans. & Phokham, three known “spring-blooming” taxa, i.e., sp. nov. [Figs. 1, 2] Kaempferia rotunda L., K. grandifolia Saensouk Type: THAILAND. Changwat Udon Thani, & Jenjitt., and K. lopburiensis Picheans. Amphoe Nong Wua So, Tambon Mak Ya, Khao (Picheansoonthon 2010). In this paper, we Nokyoong Thong, 17°12.287′N 102°38.261′E, further recognize two new “spring-blooming” alt. 360 m, 31 March 2011, C. Picheansoonthon species, from Thailand and Lao PDR. In this & B. Phokham 310311-1 (holotype–BKF; paper, a new unifoliate Kaempferia taxon from isotype–BK, SING). Thailand is also added. This new species is morphologically similar to Kaempferia lopburiensis Picheans., but 300 植物研究雑誌 第 88 巻 第 5 号 2013 年 10 月 Table 1. Morphological comparison between Kaempferia lopburiensis Picheans. and K. udonensis Picheans. & Phokham Characters K. lopburiensis K. udonensis Bladeless sheaths glabrous pubescent Leaves Sheath glabrous pubescent Shape suborbicular to orbicular elliptic to orbicular Upper surface pale green with light purple band along the green with several white markings, light reddish margin, sparsely hairy band along the margin, glabrous Lower surface pale green reddish brown Petiole – 1.5–2 cm Inflorescence Peduncle 0.5–1.3 cm long 1.1–3 cm long Number of flowers 7–10 5–30 Flowers Calyx tube apex 3-lobed apex 2-lobed Anther crests rectangular to broadly obovate, 0.7–1 cm × rectangular, 4–9 × 7 mm, apex acute to trifid 3–5 mm, apex tri-dent to crenate Stylodial gland 1 2 Seeds greenish to brownish reddish differs in the following characters: (1) petiolate 1.7–3 cm × 4–5 mm, apex acute, hooded; lateral leaves [1.5–2 cm long], (2) hairy leaf sheaths, corolla lobes oblong to narrowly ovate, 1.5–2.8 (3) glabrous upper leaf surfaces with abundant cm × ca. 4 mm, apex acute; staminodes broadly silvery markings, (4) two stylodial glands, and obovate, light purple, 1.3–2.5 × 1.3–1.8 cm., (5) red seeds with white membranous aril. apex rounded; labellum light purple, deep purple Perennial herb. Rhizomes short, erect, with at base, broadly obovate, 1.9–2.7 × 2.2–2.9 fusiform tuberous roots. Leaves 3; petiole cm, apex divided almost to the base, each lobe 1.5–2 cm long, hairy; blades horizontal near the broadly obovate, 1.2–1.5 × 1–1.3 cm, apex ground, elliptic to orbicular, 10–30.6 × 7.1–22.1 rounded; anther 4–6 mm long, anther crest white cm; base cuneate to obtuse; apex cuspidate to to violet, rectangular, 4–9 × 4–7 mm; ovary acuminate; margin slightly undulate, reddish; rectangular, 3–6 mm long, pubescent; stylodes upper surface green with several silvery 2, filiform, ca. 5 mm long. Fruits fleshy, ovate, markings, hairy at the base of the midrib, oblong to obovate, 1.2–3.3 cm × 0.8–1.3 cm. lower surface reddish brown, pubescent; ligules Seeds numerous, ovate, reddish, ca. 2 × 3 mm; broadly triangular, 0.7–2.5 cm long, apex capped with whitish membranous aril. obtuse, hairy. Inflorescences produced toward Distribution: This new species is so far only end of the dry season from leafless rhizomes, known from the type locations in Changwat peduncle 1.1–3 cm long, hairy. Flowers 5–30; Udon Thani, Thailand. sterile bracts 3, broadly ovate to ovate, 1–4.9 × Ecology: In lowland dry deciduous forest at 0.8–3.1 cm; bracts ovate, 2.9–4.2 × 0.6–1.5 cm, an altitude around 360 m. It grows along with apex acute, hairy; bracteoles lanceolate, 1.1–2.1 other gingers, e.g., Kaempferia aff. angustifolia cm × 4–5 mm, apex 2-lobed, apex of each lobe Roscoe, K. aff. siamensis Sirirugsa, Curcuma acute, hairy; calyx tubular, 2.8–6 cm long, split parviflora Wall., Boesenbergia baimaii on one side, 1.3–1.5 cm long, hairy, apex bifid; Saensouk & K. Larsen. corolla tube, 5–8.5 cm long, whitish, glabrous; Vernacular name: Wan Pro Lai (วานเปราะลาย่ ), dorsal corolla lobe oblong to narrowly ovate, Wan Toobmoob Bai Lai (วานตูบหมูบใบลาย่ ). October 2013 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 88 No. 5 301 Fig. 3. Kaempferia picheansoonthonii Wongsuwan & Phokham. A. Habit. B. Bracts. C. Bracteole. D. Ovary and calyx tube. E. Flower (top view). F. Dorsal corolla lobe. G, H. Lateral corolla lobes. I, J. Lateral staminodes. K. Labellum. L. Anther and anther crest. M. Ovary, stylodial glands and lower part of the style. N. Fruit with persistent calyx tube. O. Seeds. Drawn by Bordin Laowwongsar. 302 植物研究雑誌 第 88 巻 第 5 号 2013 年 10 月 1cm 1cm Fig. 4. Kaempferia picheansoonthonii Wongsuwan & Phokham. A. Habit in its type location. B. Close- up view of a flowering plant (showing the single leaf and a flower). C. Flower showing corolla lobes, staminodes, labellum and anther crest. D. Side-oblique view of a flower. E. Inflorescence (showing bracts, a flower and a peduncle). F. Fruit and seeds. Photographed by Chayan Picheansoonthon (A, C, D, F) and Boonmee Phokham (B, E). Note: This new species is morphologically K. lopburiensis. The larger rectangular anther closed to Kaempferia lopburiensis Picheans. in crest with variable apex is characteristic. its habitat, habit and floral structure. Kaempferia Character comparison of these two taxa is lopburiensis grows on the lime stone forest while shown in Table 1. K. udonensis are found in the dry deciduous Other materials studied: THAILAND. Type location, forest. Both taxa are spring-blooming, following 16 June 2011, C. Picheansoonthon & B. Phokham 160611- 1 (BKF). by 2–3 large prostate leaves. However, the whole population of this new species shows pubescent 2. Kaempferia picheansoonthonii Wongsuwan leaf sheaths and petiolate leaves with numerous & Phokham, sp. nov. [Figs. 3, 4] silvery markings on upper surface and reddish- Type: THAILAND. Changwat Udon Thani, brown lower leaf surface. The floral structure of Amphoe Nong Wua So, Tambon Mak Ya, Khao this new species somewhat resembles those of Nokyoong Thong, 17°12.303′N 102°38.275′E, October 2013 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 88 No. 5 303 Fig. 5. Kaempferia xiengkhouangensis Picheans. & Phokham. A. Habit. B. Roots, rhizome and an inflorescence. C, D. Bracts. E. Bracteole. F. Flower (top view). G. Calyx tubes. H. Dorsal corolla lobe. I, J. Lateral corolla lobes. K, L. Lateral staminodes. M. Labellum. N, O. Anthers, stigma and anther crests. P. Ovary with part of the style and the stylodes.
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