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Three New Species of Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand and Laos

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J. Jpn. Bot. 88: 297–308 (2013) Three New Species of Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand and Laos a,b a Boonmee PHOKHAM , Pornpimon WONGSUWAN a,c,d, and Chayan PICHEANSOONTHON * aFaculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakhon Sawan Road, Amphoe Mueang Maha Sarakham, 44000 THAILAND; bDepartment of Pharmacy Technique, Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Chonburi, Amphoe Mueang Chon Buri, 20000 THAILAND; cFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Amphoe Mueang Khon Kaen, 40002 THAILAND; dThe Academy of Science, The Royal Institute of Thailand, Sanam Suea Pa, Sriayudhaya Road, Khet Dusit, Bangkok, 10300 THAILAND *Corresponding author: [email protected] (Accepted on May 11, 2013) Three new Kaempferias, Kaempferia udonensis Picheans. & Phokham and K. picheansoonthonii Wongsuwan & Phokham from northeastern Thailand and K. xiengkhouangensis Picheans. & Phokham from Lao PDR (Zingiberaceae), are described and illustrated. Relationship with their closely related taxa is also discussed. Key words: Kaempferia picheansoonthonii, Kaempferia udonensis, Kaempferia xiengkhouangensis, Lao PDR, new species, Thailand, Zingiberaceae. The genus Kaempferia L. is a medium-sized (Picheansoonthon and Koonterm 2009a), and K. genus of the Zingiberaceae. The emerald triangle sawanensis Picheans. (Picheansoonthon 2009), (the areas around the Mekong basin in southern while four new taxa were newly described for Laos, northeastern Thailand, and northern Thailand: K. sisaketensis Picheans. & Koonterm Cambodia) is the center of diversity of this plant (Picheansoonthon and Koonterm 2009b), K. group. Several members of the genus have been lopburiensis Picheans. (Picheansoonthon 2010), used ethnobotanically, particularly in traditional K. saraburiensis Picheans. and K. koratensis and indigenous medicine (Picheansoonthon and Picheans. (Picheansoonthon 2011). Koonterm 2008a). The genus Kaempferia can roughly be Recent studies on the genus in this region classified into two groups: the K. galanga group have led to recognition of several new species. and the K. rotunda group. Members of the Five new species were reported from Lao PDR: latter group are characterized by inflorescences Kaempferia chayanii Koonterm (Koonterm appearing from the leafless rhizomes, generally 2008), K. champasakensis Picheans. & at the end of March to early May (known Koonterm (Picheansoonthon and Koonterm in the west as the “spring-blooming”). This 2008b), K. gigantiphylla Picheans. & Koonterm, Kaempferia group has horticultural potential, K. attapeuensis Picheans. & Koonterm some of which are available in both domestic —297— 298 植物研究雑誌 第 88 巻 第 5 号 2013 年 10 月 Fig. 1. Kaempferia udonensis Picheans. & Phokham. A. Habit. B. Roots, rhizome and and inflorescence. C, D. Bracts. E. Bracteole. F. Flower (top view). G. Ovary and calyx tube. H. Dorsal corolla lobe. I, J. Lateral corolla lobes. K, L. Lateral staminodes. M. Labellum. N. Anther and anther crest with variable apeces. O. Ovary, stylodial glands, and lower part of the style. P. Fruit with persistent calyx tube. Q. Seeds. Drawn by Bordin Laowwongsar. October 2013 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 88 No. 5 299 1cm 1cm Fig. 2. Kaempferia udonensis Picheans. & Phokham. A. Inflorescence. B. Roots (with fusiform tuberous roots), rhizome and an inflorescence. C. Flower showing characteristic large anther crest with variable apex. D. Fruit and red seeds capped with white membranous aril. E. Lower part of a leaf showing a red ligule and petiole. F. Leaves with several silvery markings. Photographed by Chayan Picheansoonthon. and worldwide markets. Taxonomic treatments In Thailand and Laos, there are previously 1. Kaempferia udonensis Picheans. & Phokham, three known “spring-blooming” taxa, i.e., sp. nov. [Figs. 1, 2] Kaempferia rotunda L., K. grandifolia Saensouk Type: THAILAND. Changwat Udon Thani, & Jenjitt., and K. lopburiensis Picheans. Amphoe Nong Wua So, Tambon Mak Ya, Khao (Picheansoonthon 2010). In this paper, we Nokyoong Thong, 17°12.287′N 102°38.261′E, further recognize two new “spring-blooming” alt. 360 m, 31 March 2011, C. Picheansoonthon species, from Thailand and Lao PDR. In this & B. Phokham 310311-1 (holotype–BKF; paper, a new unifoliate Kaempferia taxon from isotype–BK, SING). Thailand is also added. This new species is morphologically similar to Kaempferia lopburiensis Picheans., but 300 植物研究雑誌 第 88 巻 第 5 号 2013 年 10 月 Table 1. Morphological comparison between Kaempferia lopburiensis Picheans. and K. udonensis Picheans. & Phokham Characters K. lopburiensis K. udonensis Bladeless sheaths glabrous pubescent Leaves Sheath glabrous pubescent Shape suborbicular to orbicular elliptic to orbicular Upper surface pale green with light purple band along the green with several white markings, light reddish margin, sparsely hairy band along the margin, glabrous Lower surface pale green reddish brown Petiole – 1.5–2 cm Inflorescence Peduncle 0.5–1.3 cm long 1.1–3 cm long Number of flowers 7–10 5–30 Flowers Calyx tube apex 3-lobed apex 2-lobed Anther crests rectangular to broadly obovate, 0.7–1 cm × rectangular, 4–9 × 7 mm, apex acute to trifid 3–5 mm, apex tri-dent to crenate Stylodial gland 1 2 Seeds greenish to brownish reddish differs in the following characters: (1) petiolate 1.7–3 cm × 4–5 mm, apex acute, hooded; lateral leaves [1.5–2 cm long], (2) hairy leaf sheaths, corolla lobes oblong to narrowly ovate, 1.5–2.8 (3) glabrous upper leaf surfaces with abundant cm × ca. 4 mm, apex acute; staminodes broadly silvery markings, (4) two stylodial glands, and obovate, light purple, 1.3–2.5 × 1.3–1.8 cm., (5) red seeds with white membranous aril. apex rounded; labellum light purple, deep purple Perennial herb. Rhizomes short, erect, with at base, broadly obovate, 1.9–2.7 × 2.2–2.9 fusiform tuberous roots. Leaves 3; petiole cm, apex divided almost to the base, each lobe 1.5–2 cm long, hairy; blades horizontal near the broadly obovate, 1.2–1.5 × 1–1.3 cm, apex ground, elliptic to orbicular, 10–30.6 × 7.1–22.1 rounded; anther 4–6 mm long, anther crest white cm; base cuneate to obtuse; apex cuspidate to to violet, rectangular, 4–9 × 4–7 mm; ovary acuminate; margin slightly undulate, reddish; rectangular, 3–6 mm long, pubescent; stylodes upper surface green with several silvery 2, filiform, ca. 5 mm long. Fruits fleshy, ovate, markings, hairy at the base of the midrib, oblong to obovate, 1.2–3.3 cm × 0.8–1.3 cm. lower surface reddish brown, pubescent; ligules Seeds numerous, ovate, reddish, ca. 2 × 3 mm; broadly triangular, 0.7–2.5 cm long, apex capped with whitish membranous aril. obtuse, hairy. Inflorescences produced toward Distribution: This new species is so far only end of the dry season from leafless rhizomes, known from the type locations in Changwat peduncle 1.1–3 cm long, hairy. Flowers 5–30; Udon Thani, Thailand. sterile bracts 3, broadly ovate to ovate, 1–4.9 × Ecology: In lowland dry deciduous forest at 0.8–3.1 cm; bracts ovate, 2.9–4.2 × 0.6–1.5 cm, an altitude around 360 m. It grows along with apex acute, hairy; bracteoles lanceolate, 1.1–2.1 other gingers, e.g., Kaempferia aff. angustifolia cm × 4–5 mm, apex 2-lobed, apex of each lobe Roscoe, K. aff. siamensis Sirirugsa, Curcuma acute, hairy; calyx tubular, 2.8–6 cm long, split parviflora Wall., Boesenbergia baimaii on one side, 1.3–1.5 cm long, hairy, apex bifid; Saensouk & K. Larsen. corolla tube, 5–8.5 cm long, whitish, glabrous; Vernacular name: Wan Pro Lai (วานเปราะลาย่ ), dorsal corolla lobe oblong to narrowly ovate, Wan Toobmoob Bai Lai (วานตูบหมูบใบลาย่ ). October 2013 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 88 No. 5 301 Fig. 3. Kaempferia picheansoonthonii Wongsuwan & Phokham. A. Habit. B. Bracts. C. Bracteole. D. Ovary and calyx tube. E. Flower (top view). F. Dorsal corolla lobe. G, H. Lateral corolla lobes. I, J. Lateral staminodes. K. Labellum. L. Anther and anther crest. M. Ovary, stylodial glands and lower part of the style. N. Fruit with persistent calyx tube. O. Seeds. Drawn by Bordin Laowwongsar. 302 植物研究雑誌 第 88 巻 第 5 号 2013 年 10 月 1cm 1cm Fig. 4. Kaempferia picheansoonthonii Wongsuwan & Phokham. A. Habit in its type location. B. Close- up view of a flowering plant (showing the single leaf and a flower). C. Flower showing corolla lobes, staminodes, labellum and anther crest. D. Side-oblique view of a flower. E. Inflorescence (showing bracts, a flower and a peduncle). F. Fruit and seeds. Photographed by Chayan Picheansoonthon (A, C, D, F) and Boonmee Phokham (B, E). Note: This new species is morphologically K. lopburiensis. The larger rectangular anther closed to Kaempferia lopburiensis Picheans. in crest with variable apex is characteristic. its habitat, habit and floral structure. Kaempferia Character comparison of these two taxa is lopburiensis grows on the lime stone forest while shown in Table 1. K. udonensis are found in the dry deciduous Other materials studied: THAILAND. Type location, forest. Both taxa are spring-blooming, following 16 June 2011, C. Picheansoonthon & B. Phokham 160611- 1 (BKF). by 2–3 large prostate leaves. However, the whole population of this new species shows pubescent 2. Kaempferia picheansoonthonii Wongsuwan leaf sheaths and petiolate leaves with numerous & Phokham, sp. nov. [Figs. 3, 4] silvery markings on upper surface and reddish- Type: THAILAND. Changwat Udon Thani, brown lower leaf surface. The floral structure of Amphoe Nong Wua So, Tambon Mak Ya, Khao this new species somewhat resembles those of Nokyoong Thong, 17°12.303′N 102°38.275′E, October 2013 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 88 No. 5 303 Fig. 5. Kaempferia xiengkhouangensis Picheans. & Phokham. A. Habit. B. Roots, rhizome and an inflorescence. C, D. Bracts. E. Bracteole. F. Flower (top view). G. Calyx tubes. H. Dorsal corolla lobe. I, J. Lateral corolla lobes. K, L. Lateral staminodes. M. Labellum. N, O. Anthers, stigma and anther crests. P. Ovary with part of the style and the stylodes.
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    Research Article [Agrawal et al. , 2(9): Sep., 2011] ISSN: 0976-7126 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES In-Vitro anthelmintic activity of Kaempferia rotunda S. Agrawal 1*, A. Bhawsar 2, P. Choudhary 2, S. Singh 2, N. Keskar 3and M. Chaturvedi 2 1, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal, (M.P.) - India 2, Central India Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, (M.P.) - India 3, Indore Institute of Science and Technology, Indore, (M.P.) - India Abstract Alcoholic extract from the rhizomes of Kaempferia rotunda Linn was investigated for their anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma and Ascardia galli . Three concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/ml) of extract were studied in activity, which involved the determination of time of paralysis and time of death of worm. The alcoholic extract exhibited significant Anthelmintic activity at highest concentration of 100mg/ml Piperazine citrate in same concentration as that of extract was included as standard reference and distilled water as control. The Anthelmintic activity of alcoholic extract of Kaempferia rotunda has therefore been demonstrated for the first time. Key-Words: Anthelmintic activity, Ascardia galli, Kaempferia rotunda, Pheretima posthuma Introduction Material and Methods The plant Kaempferia rotunda Linn belongs to the Extraction of plant material family Zingiberaceae also named bhuichampaka The tuberous rhizomes of Kaempferia rotunda Linn (Sanskrit), bhuchampa (Hindi) , and blackhorm were collected during July-August from the various (English). It is a fragment aromatic herb with a regions of Sikkim Himalayan region and authenticated tuberous rhizome distributed throughout India .In some by Botanical survey of India, Gangtok, Sikkim. .The districts of Maharashtra the powder root is popular in dried, powdered rhizomes were subjected to soxhlet mumps and also said to be used in the form of poultice, extraction successively using methanol.
  • 16. KAEMPFERIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 2. 1753. 山柰属 Shan Nai Shu Rhizomes Fleshy, Tuberous; Roots Often Bearing Small Tubers

    16. KAEMPFERIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 2. 1753. 山柰属 Shan Nai Shu Rhizomes Fleshy, Tuberous; Roots Often Bearing Small Tubers

    Flora of China 24: 368–370. 2000. 16. KAEMPFERIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 2. 1753. 山柰属 shan nai shu Rhizomes fleshy, tuberous; roots often bearing small tubers. Pseudostem short or obsolete. Leaves 1 to few; ligule usually small or absent; petiole short; leaf blade suborbicular to filiform, sometimes variegated or abaxially purple. Inflorescences terminal on pseudostems or on separate shoots arising from rhizomes (when appearing before pseudostems), capitate, spirally few to many flow- ered; bracts 1-flowered; bracteoles small, apically 2-lobed or sometimes 2-cleft to base. Calyx tubular, split on 1 side, apex unequally 2- or 3-toothed. Corolla tube equaling or much longer than calyx; lobes spreading or reflexed, lanceolate, subequal. Lateral stami- nodes petaloid. Labellum usually white or lilac, sometimes marked with different color near base, showy, apically 2-lobed to 2-cleft to base. Filament very short or absent; connective extended into crest exserted from throat of flower, entire or 2-cleft. Ovary 3-loc- uled. Capsule globose or ellipsoid; pericarp thin. Seeds subglobose to ellipsoid; aril lacerate. About 50 species: tropical Asia; six species (one endemic) in China. 1a. Inflorescences on separate shoots arising from rhizomes, appearing before pseudostems. 2a. Labellum wholly lilac, apically 2-cleft to base, lobes without yellow lines at center ............................................. 1. K. rotunda 2b. Labellum white or purple, apically 2-lobed for 1/3–1/2 its length, lobes with yellow lines at center. 3a. Labellum white, apically 2-lobed for ca. 1/3 its length; calyx ca. 2.5 cm ........................................................ 2. K. candida 3b. Labellum purple, more deeply colored at center, apically 2-lobed for ca.
  • Safety Assessment of Tuberous Rhizome of Kaempferia Rotunda L

    Safety Assessment of Tuberous Rhizome of Kaempferia Rotunda L

    Global Journal of Pharmacology 8 (2): 128-139, 2014 ISSN 1992-0075 © IDOSI Publications, 2014 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.gjp.2014.8.2.82187 Safety Assessment of Tuberous Rhizome of Kaempferia rotunda L. By Acute and 28-days Repeated Dose Toxicity Studies 11S. Sini, P.G. Latha, 2T.V. Anilkumar, 1S.R. Suja, 3Gopan Raj, 4K.B. Rameshkumar, 1S. Shyamal, 1V.J. Shine, 1G.I. Anuja, 11P. Shikha, N.M. Krishnakumar, 1G. Sreejith and 1S. Rajasekharan 1Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerala, India 2Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India 3Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Punalur, Kollam 691305, Kerala, India 4Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerala, India Abstract: The acute and 28-days repeated dose toxicity studies of the ethanolic extract of rhizome, tuber, rhizome fractions and the essential oil of Kaempferia rotunda L. were performed on Wistar albino rats to substantiate the tribal claims of its use as a safe wound healing and anti-ulcerogenic drug. The extracts, the essential oil and the rhizome fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, aqueous and the acetone-chloroform) of K.rotunda were found to be non toxic or non corrosive in the acute dermal toxicity studies when tested topically on the skin of the animal and were safe for use up to 20 % (w/w) /day. The individual acute oral toxicity of the extracts and fractions were carried out at a single test dose of 2000 mg/kg p.o.
  • Boigu Island (Wilson 2005; Schaffer 2010)

    Boigu Island (Wilson 2005; Schaffer 2010)

    PROFILE FOR MANAGEMENT OF THE HABITATS AND RELATED ECOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCE VALUES OF MER ISLAND January 2013 Prepared by 3D Environmental for Torres Strait Regional Authority Land & Sea Management Unit Cover image: 3D Environmental (2013) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Mer (Murray) Island is located in the eastern Torres Strait. It occupies a total area of 406 ha, and is formed on a volcanic vent which rises to height of 210m. The stark vent which dominates the island landscape is known as ‘Gelam’, the creator of the dugong in Torres Strait Island mythology. The volcanic vent of Mer is unique in an Australian context, being the only known example of a volcanic vent forming a discrete island within Australian territory. The vegetation on Mer is controlled largely by variations in soil structure and fertility. The western side of the island, which is formed on extremely porous volcanic scoria or ash, is covered in grassland due to extreme soil drainage on the volcano rim. The eastern side, which supports more luxuriant rainforest vegetation and garden areas, occupies much more fertile and favourably drained basaltic soil. A total of six natural vegetation communities, within five broad vegetation groups and two regional ecosystems are recognised on the island, representing approximately 2% of regional ecosystems recorded across the broader Torres Strait Island landscape. The ecosystems recorded are however unique to the Eastern Island Group, in particular Mer and Erub, and have no representation elsewhere in Queensland. There are also a number of highly significant culturally influenced forest types on the island which provide a window into the islands past traditional agricultural practices.