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886447307618.Pdf henry Purcell 1659–1695 matthew Locke Orchestral Works 1621–1677 henry purcell henry purcell king arthur, z. 628 the fairy queen, z. 629 1 Act I: Overture 2.06 15 Lilk 0.50 29 Prelude 1.42 2 Act II: Introduction 1.13 16 Curtain Tune 5.35 30 Act I: Hornpipe 1.22 3 Act II: Symphony 0.36 17 Rustick Air 1.15 31 Act I: Rondeau 1.02 4 Act II: How blessed are 18 The Second Act Tune, Minoit 0.45 32 Act I: Entry Dance 1.37 the shepherds 4.58 19 Corant 1.00 33 Act III: Hornpipe 1.00 5 Act III: Prelude 0.49 20 A Martial Jigge 1.41 34 Act III: Dance for the Fairies 1.14 6 Act III: Hornpipe 0.39 21 A Canon 4 in 2 2.28 35 Act V: Prelude 1.09 7 Act V: Symphony I: 36 Act II: Air 2.06 Andante maestoso 1.53 henry purcell 37 Act V: Chaconne 3.01 8 Act V: Symphony II 1.08 dioclesian, z. 627 9 Act V: Fairest Isle 3.27 22 First Musick 2.16 10 Act V: Grand Dance 3.39 23 First Act Tune 0.58 24 Second Act Tune 0.39 matthew locke 25 Two in One upon a Ground. 3.08 the tempest Chaconne for Flutes 11 Introduction 1.03 26 Third Act Tune 0.38 12 Galliard 1.18 27 Soft Music – Butterfly Dance 2.38 13 Gavot 1.12 28 Dance of Bacchanals 1.20 14 Sarabrand 4.23 VOX ORCHESTER LORENZO GHIRLANDA 2 VOX ORCHESTER Jonas Zschenderlein, Judith von der Goltz, Jakob Lehmann, Won-Ki Kim, Lena Rademann violin/Violine I Christian Voß, Alexandre Turmel, Anna Kaiser, Pablo Griggio violin/Violine II Nadi Perez Mayorga, Yoko Tanaka, Hsu-Mo Chien viola Karl Simko, Julia Nilsen-Savage violoncello Luis Miguel Arias Polanco double-bass/Kontrabass Jan Nigges recorder/Blockflöte · Sanghee Lee bassoon/Fagott Mauro Pinciaroli lute/Laute · Alexander von Heißen harpsichord/Cembalo LORENZO GHIRLANDA direction/Leitung For more information about the artists / Für mehr Informationen über die Künstler: www.voxorchester.de 3 Recorded: 2–6 September 2018, Auditorio Stelio Molo RSI, Lugano-Besso, Lugano, Switzerland · Production management: Jan Nigges Recording producer: Giovanni Conti (RSI Radiotelevisione svizzera) · Recording engineer: Michael Rast (Radiotelevisione Svizzera) · Total time: 67.40 Artwork: Christine Schweitzer · Cover painting: Queen Elizabeth I – The ‘Phoenix’ portrait ·associated to Nicholas Hilliard ·Booklet photos: Marc Holstein P & g 2019 Sony Music Entertainment Germany GmbH www.sonyclassical.com Many thanks to our supporters / Herzlicher Dank gilt unserer Unterstützern: Vogel & Detambel Cronstett- und Hynspergische evangelische Stiftung 4 Very british? englische barockmusik für hof und theater Die vorliegende Aufnahme präsentiert Instrumentalwerke von Henry Purcell (1659–1695) und Matthew Locke (1621–1677), zwei der be- rühmtesten Komponisten Englands nach John Dowland (1563–1626) und vor der Ankunft Georg Friedrich Händels (1685–1759) in London. Die Frage danach, ob etwas originär britisch an ihrer Musik ist, führt zurück zu den Anfängen der Gattung Oper in Italien zu Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts. Vor allem dem großen Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643) verdankt die Musikgeschichte die Einführung eines neuen Gesangsstiles, der Textver- ständlichkeit und Affektausdruck proklamiert und auf virtuose Koloraturen und komplizierte kontrapunktische Satztechnik tendenziell verzichtet. Sein L’Orfeo von 1607 kann nach ersten zaghaften Gehversuchen anderer Komponisten als Startschuss für die Form der Oper bezeichnet werden. Orpheus ist nicht zufällig der Protagonist, denn er galt seit der klassischen Antike als die Verkörpe rung des Gesanges schlechthin. Auf magische Weise konnte seine Kunst Steine erweichen, zu Tieren sprechen, jeden Menschen – ja sogar die finsteren Mächte der Unterwelt – rühren. Dabei war sein Gesang buchstäblich schlicht und ergreifend, und auch Monteverdi wählt für den Gesang des Orfeo die Stimme des Herzens. Jener schlichte Stil konnte sich in seinem Heimatland Italien jedoch nicht lange halten, zu henry purcell painting by john closterman 5 schnell forderten Kastraten und Primadonnen ihre Rechte auf halsbreche- Gebilde hervor, treffend als Maskeraden, als masques, bezeichnet – mit lied- rische Partien ein, die den Hörer nicht allein bewegen, sondern ihm vor artigem Gesang, Tanz und Kostümen. Später entwickelten sich größere allem den Kopf verdrehen wollen. Die Folge war eine Trennung zwischen Werke, in welchen, verteilt auf mehrere Akte, auch theatralische, rein deklamierendem Stil im Recitativo und virtuoser Manier in der Aria. gesprochene Teile eine gewichtige Rolle einnahmen und in der Musikge- Der sprachverbundene Stil Monteverdis feiert jedoch ausgerechnet in schichte fortan unter dem Namen semi-opera geführt wurden. Purcells einem Land, das mit der italienischen Musik eigentlich nie etwas hatte King Arthur und seine Fairy Queen, eine opulente Neufassung von William anfangen können, Erfolge: in Frankreich. Hier schätzt man neben Musik Shakespeares Sommernachtstraum, sind gute Beispiele dafür. Track 4 „How vor allem Literatur und Theater. In einer zeitgenössischen Quelle heißt es blessed are shepherds“ und Track 9 „Fairest Isle“ stellen instrumentale vom Sänger, dies sei „ein guter Schauspieler mit einer schönen Stimme“. Fassungen einer im Original gesungenen Version dar und vermitteln einen Vor allem aber werden in Frankreich der Tanz und das Ballett zelebriert – so- schönen Eindruck von der betont kantablen, liedhaft schlichten Umsetzung wohl bei Hofe als auch auf der Bühne. Kompositorisch gepflegt wird die der Textvorlage. Gattung der Suite, einer Abfolge diverser Tanztypen: Courante, Menuet, Vor allem in der vorliegenden Zusammenstellung von Instrumentalstücken Sarabande, Gigue, Chaconne und dergleichen. Und jene Tänze mit ihren aus Lockes The Tempest – nach Shakespeares Drama Der Sturm – tauchen oft hochartifiziellen Choreographien spielten dann auch im Rahmen der zahlreiche Tanzsätze auf. Fragt man nach ihrem Charakter, kann Der Voll- Oper eine große Bedeutung: Das französische Publikum erwartete ausge- kommene Capellmeister, ein Traktat zur musi kalischen Ästhetik der Barockzeit dehnte Balletteinlagen und virtuose Solo- oder Paartänze ebenso wie des Hamburger Musikgelehrten Johann Mattheson von 1739, Auskunft präch tige Kulissen und eine beeindruckende Bühnenmaschinerie. Für geben. Demzufolge ist „das Wesen der Gavotte die jauchzende Freude“, Koloraturarien „alla italiana“ fehlte indessen jedes Verständnis. der Charakter der Sarabande „die Ehrsucht“, der Affekt des Menuettes Wie sahen aber die Verhältnisse in England aus? Man könnte sagen wie in „eine mäßige Lustigkeit“, der Ausdruck der Courante „die süße Hoff- einem melting pot, einem Schmelztigel; denn Elemente der italienischen nung“, das Wesen der Jigg ein „hitziger Eifer“. Allein die Hornpipe taucht und der französischen Musik trafen aufeinander, wobei auf der Opern- in Matthesons Liste von Tanztypen nicht auf, denn dieser Tanz ist typisch bühne eindeutig der deklamierende frühe italie nische Stil vorherrschte – englisch und war in Deutsc h land zu jener Zeit offenbar kaum bekannt. kombiniert mit den klassischen Elementen der französischen Tanzsuite. Jeder der genannten Tänze hat stets einen bestimmten Charakter, vorge- Was die Vorliebe für den Tanz anlangte, orientierte sich der englische Hof geben durch seine Taktart und einen einprägsamen Rhythmus. Folgt man der an Frankreich, am leuchtenden Vorbild des „Sonnen königs“ Louis XIV. und Trackliste unserer Aufnahme, stößt man auf weitere Satzbezeichnungen dessen rauschhafter Hofhaltung in Versailles. Erste Versuche der Engländer wie „Tune“, „Simphonie“ oder „Air“, womit Musikstücke bezeichnet sind, auf dem Gebiet der Oper brachten zu nächst kurze, mitunter nur einaktige die keinem der französischen Tänze folgen, sprich als freie Instrumental- 6 musik ohne festgelegten Rhythmus und Takt zu sehen sind – und somit in die Nähe von Sätzen aus einem italienischen Concerto oder einer Sonata rücken. „Very british“ ist also kaum eines der eingespielten Stücke, deren lose Ab folge von französischem und italienischem Stil allerdings die ty- pisch englische „melting pot“ Sprache spricht – eine Sprache, die inter- national aufhorchen ließ! Arcangelo Corelli (165–1713), weltberühmt für seine Kompositionen für Streicher, wollte die Bekanntschaft des großen Engländers Purcell machen. Auf hoher See erreichte ihn die Nachricht vom frühen Tod des britischen Kollegen. Glaubt man den Chronisten, so hat Corelli seine Pläne geändert und gesagt, nun sehe „sein Fuß keine Veranlassung mehr, englischen Boden zu betreten“. Was war geschehen? Purcells Ehefrau hat nach wiederholten Androhungen von Hausverbot schließlich den abermals angetrunkenen Henry nachts nicht mehr ins gemeinsame Haus gelassen. Vor der Tür ist er vor Kälte erfroren – bereits zu Lebzeiten gefeiert als „Orpheus Brittanicus“. Glaubt man den Gerüchten, liegt in jenem Namen¯ für Purcell auch der Grund seines Todes; denn wie sich in der antiken Sage die rasenden Erynnien an Orpheus tödlich gerächt haben, weil er nach dem Tod seiner Geliebten Eurydice allen Frauen abgeschworen und der Knabenliebe gefrönt hat, so wur den nach Orpheus alle jene großen Musiker, die Anhänger der gleich- geschlechtlicher Liebe waren, für den Wissenden als „Orpheus“ bezeichnet. Stoff genug für ein eigenes Bühnenwerk, dessen Musik Purcell selbst aber leider nicht mehr liefern konnte …! g Dr. Karsten Erik Ose 7 Very british? english baroque music for court and theatre The present recording presents instrumental works by Henry Purcell (1659–1695) and Matthew Locke (1621–1677), two of England’s most fa- mous composers after John Dowland (1563–1626) and before the arrival of George Frideric Handel (1685–1759) in London. The question
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