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The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project ANDREW F. ANTIPPAS Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: July 19, 1994 Copyright 1998 A ST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in Mass US Army- Korean War Boston University, Tufts University Entered Foreign Service, 1960 State Department- ,nternational Organi-ation Bureau 1961-196. /anola, 0ameroon- 0onsulate 196. 0entral African 1epu2lic 1963-1965 Peace 0orps 5The Sim2ao5 Soviet 6 0hinese 0ommunists Ko2e, 7apan 1965-1966 7apanese demonstrations Saigon, 8ietnam 1967-1970 Political Officer- E:ternal affairs (0am2odia) 0hairman- Mi:ed 0am2odia 0ommittee Eugene Bloch/Phil Ha2i2 mission to 0am2odia Ho 0hi Minh Trail 8ietcong resupply routes through 0am2odia US air strikes in 0am2odia 0,A operations 5Defoliation5 5May offensive5 Staffing State Department 1970 Phnom Penh, 0am2odia- Political Officer 1970-1972 Khmer 1ouge Saigon- Phnom Penh em2assy relationship 0,A The media /eon Nm 6 /eon Nol North 8ietnam 6 0am2odia State Department- 0am2odia desk 1972-1975 5Easter Offensive5 Sihanouk and the Khmer 1ouge Pol Pot US Em2assy evacuated 0ongressional attitude State Department Special Assistant to 0onsular Affairs 1975-1976 1efugees 0onsular affairs Bangkok, Thailand 1976-1979 0onsular pro2lems 7arwood 0ase State Department- 1efugee Bureau 1979-19A1 National War 0ollege 19A0-19A1 Nassau Bahamas- D0M 19A1-19A. 0olom2ian drug traffic NormanBs 0ay Matter 5Operation BAT5 NB0 e:pose State Department- Crenada Task Force 19A. Seoul, Korea- 0onsul Ceneral 19A3-19AA 8isa Pro2lems 5C, marriages5 Montreal, 0anada- 0onsul Ceneral 19AA Operations Mohawk ,ndian incident INTERVIEW ": Today is July 19, 1994. This is an interview with Andrew F. Antippas, being conducted for the Association for Diplomatic Studies. I am Charles Stuart Kennedy. Andy and I are old consular colleagues and old friends, going way bac(. Andy, to start this off, could you give me some of your bac(ground) You were born in 1931 in Massachusetts) ANT,PPASD Ees, Winchester, Massachusetts ": Could you give me something very briefly about your bac(ground--your family and your early years) ANT,PPASD My father was an immigrant He came to the United States in 1922 ": I assume, from .reece) ANT,PPASD From Creece He went to sea in 1903 when he was nine years old and was a sailed, mostly in the Creek Navy from then until 1922 ,n fact, he was present at the evacuation of the Creek population in Anatolia from Smyrna Fnow ,-mir, in TurkeyG He participated in many of these events, including the Allied landing at Se2astopol in the 0rimea in 1917 He was an eyewitness to a lot of history He got fed up and jumped ship in Baltimore in 1922, as a lot of Creeks did He made his way to Boston, which he knew from ship visits and eventually set up shop there What do Creeks doH He opened a restaurant, married and became an American citi-en in 19.6 He had two children, my brother and , My brother is two years older than , My parents divorced very early on , donBt know why My brother and , lived with her for a while, 2ut, basically, my father brought us up For most of our boyhood our father was very much our 5guiding light 5 ": Did you wor( in the restaurant) ANT,PPASD Oh, yes We had to, of course Winchester, MA, is a very nice upper middle class, Eankee community outside of Boston ,t had a good school system Pro2a2ly, the best thing that our father ever did for us was to bring us up in a place like Winchester We did all right in sports and so-so in school Of course, , grew up during World War ,, and was very much influenced by what had happened during the war , pretty much planned on a military career, very much influenced by the war Before graduating from high school , was accepted at 8M, F8irginia Military ,nstituteG and Norwich University both well known military schools. However, two weeks after , graduated from high school in 7une of 1950, the Korean War broke out My father said, 5/ook, your 2rotherBs going to get drafted, so you canBt go anywhere EouBve got to stay here and help me 5 He was right Within si: months my brother was drafted, and , had to stay on and help in the family 2usiness So that put college off ,t made me all the more determined to join the Army, which , eventually did ,nterestingly enough, , received my draft notice a2out a year later, in 1951 , took my physical e:am but was classified 53-F5 F medically ineligi2le to serveG because of a heart murmur This surprised me, because , was a championship Iuarter-miler in high school Anyway, , managed to talk my way into the Army , persuaded the medics to review the situation and to send me to a specialist , entered the Army in 7une, 1952 , had been scheduled to attend O0S FOfficer 0andidate SchoolG, but the Army reduced O0S reIuirements that year due to reduced com2at casualties and a large 1OT0 class , eventually got to O0S, as they used to say, 5over choppy seas 5 , ended up as a rifleman replacement in an infantry platoon in Korea, carrying my 3-F card in my pocket , never told any2ody a2out that because , would have been ridiculed But fortunately, , arrived at my unit on the Eastern flank of Heart2reak 1idge during the last four months of the war , served there and ended up by ": /here were you serving) ANT,PPASD , was in the 35th ,nfantry Division on 5Heart2reak 1idge 5 The division had been an Oklahoma National Cuard unit ,n point of fact, , was successful in the Army , was not wounded or hurt in any way and , ended up by commanding the platoon in which , had served as a rifleman replacement--not as a result of com2at casualties but just because of turnover or rotation of personnel That e:perience--wonderful as it was, and , enjoyed it--led me to decide that the military really wasnBt my 52ag 5 This was not because of the war, particularly, but because , felt that it was clear that in peacetime there would be a draw down of the Army and there really wasnBt much future in a military career Since , only had a high school diploma, , was encouraged by one of my company officers to go to a university He suggested that , attend 1OT0 F1eserve Officers Training 0orpsG and then decide a2out a career after graduation ": You had the .I Bill, too) ANT,PPASD , had the C, Bill , felt not a little trepidation a2out going on to school , didnBt have that much confidence in my scholastic a2ilities ,tBs one thing to leave high school and get kind of caught up in college But at that point there had been a four year hiatus, and , wasnBt really sure that , had the a2ility to go through college Anyway, a kindly 8eterans Administration representative in Boston talked me into entering BU ": B1 is Boston 1niversity) /hen I got out of the Army after the Korean /ar in 1924, I went there and got my master3s degree. ANT,PPASD Then we were there at the same time , started into Boston University in 7anuary, 1955, in the 0ollege of Ceneral Education, in a two-year 5immersion course 5 , got an A A degree FAssociate in ArtsG from that ,t just 5clicked5 for me--the intellectual stimulus was such One of my professors was a young, Harvard graduate, a history professor named David Trask, who encouraged me a great deal /ater on, he was the Historian of the Department of State ": He3s now Historian of the Department of the Army. ANT,PPASD ,s heH , had lost track of him ": He3s written some boo(s and is here in /ashington. ANT,PPASD ,s heH , really should get in touch with him because he had a very big impact on me , decided that BU was too large, the commute from Winchester, MA, was a 5killer,5 since , lived outside Boston David Trask encouraged me to try to transfer to Harvard University as a junior However, Harvard only took eight 5transferees5 in the arts course that year /ater on, David Trask told me that , had been rejected by Harvard, principally because my high school grades were not so stellar , applied to and was accepted at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts as well as Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts , decided to go to Tufts, which was much closer to home ,t was a nice, little school--just three miles from home , majored in European history at Tufts and, of course, started taking the Foreign Service e:am ": How did you hear about the Foreign Service e5am) ANT,PPASD Well, it was advertised, of course ,t was the practice at that time in college--as you might recall--to take every e:am that came along--civil service, Foreign Service, and so forth, 2ecause working for the government was considered 5honora2le5 in those days ": There was also the 6intern6 program. ANT,PPASD Ees Things like that So , just took these e:ams regularly--every year /ike most people, , had had very little e:posure to the diplomatic service , had stayed in the Army 1eserve, as sort of a recreational outlet ,t provided a little money and a vacation every summer, since , regularly attended summer school and worked after hours at my fatherBs restaurant My Army 1eserve unit, the .01st ,nfantry of the 93th ,nfantry Division used to go to Pine 0amp Fnow Fort DrumG, NE, for summer training Over the weekend in the middle of the training course most people went to Montreal or some place like that for the usual diversion, whatever C,Bs do , went to Montreal a couple of times over the ne:t five years As , think back on it, , saw the 0onsulate Ceneral there and thought, 5ThatBs kind of interesting 5 ,Bd never really seen a consulate anywhere else , told this story many times in Montreal, which was my last post in the Foreign Service , used to say that ,
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