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BIOLOGIA E BOTANICA FARMACEUTICA Seconda Edizione Se A00 E .Q D 8/06/ 0 se a00_ e_ .q d 8/06/ 0 . 0 ag a BIOLOGIA E BOTANICA FARMACEUTICA Seconda Edizione se a00_ e_ .q d 8/06/ 0 . 0 ag a Dello stesso Editore: Alescio – Biologia dinamica Galzigna – Elementi di enzimologia Amend/Mundy/Armold – Chimica generale, Ganong – Fisiologia medica organica e biologica Garret/Grinshaw – Principi di biochimica Arienti – Le basi molecolari della nutrizione Gastaldo – Compendio della flora officinale Arienti – Un compendio di biochimica italiana Arms/Camp – Biologia Giunchedi/Conti/Gallitelli/Martelli – Elementi Attena – Epidemiologia e valutazione di virologia vegetale degli interventi sanitari Goglia – Anatomia umana Bauer – Analisi strumentale Grassi/Labra/Sala – Introduzione alla biodiversità Bauer/Birk/Marks – Introduzione alla chimica. del mondo vegetale Un approccio concettuale Greenspan – Endocrinologia generale e clinica Bergmeyer – Principi di analisi enzimatica Inaba/Cohen – Eccitanti, sedativi, psichedelici Bolognani/Volpi – Tavole metaboliche Judd – Botanica sistematica + Cd rom Bruni – Farmacognosia generale e applicata Junqueira/Carneiro – Istologia Bruni/Nicoletti – Dizionario di erboristeria e di Katzung – Farmacologia generale e clinica fitoterapia Katzung/Trevor – Farmacologia: quesiti a scelta Cabras/Martelli – Chimica degli alimenti multipla e compendio della materia Cao/Dallapiccola/Notarangelo – Malattie geneti- Kolthoff – Analisi chimica quantitativa che (molecole e geni) Laurence/Carpenter – Dizionario di Castino/Roletto – Statistica applicata farmacologia Cevenini – Microbiologia e microbiologia clinica Lüllmann/Mohr – Farmacologia e tossicologia Charlot – Analisi chimica qualitativa Manahan – Chimica ambientale Chrispeels/Sadava – Biologia vegetale applicata Marinelli/Liguori/Montemarano/D’Amora – De Cicco/Bertolini/Salerno – Patologia post- Igiene, medicina preventiva e sanità pubblica raccolta dei prodotti vegetali Masterton/Hurley – Chimica Christian – Chimica analitica Matthews – Neurobiologia Clifford – La chimica inorganica dell’analisi Maugini/Maleci Bini/Mariotti Lippi – Manuale qualitativa di botanica farmaceutica Colton – Statistica in medicina McMurry – Chimica organica Cromer – Fisica per medicina e farmacia Mezzogiorno – Compendio di anatomia umana Cunningham – Trattato di anatomia umana Michelin Lausarot/Vaglio – Stechiometria D’Alescio – Il laboratorio di chimica organica Michelin Lausarot/Vaglio – Stechiometria Dewick – Chimica, biosintesi e bioattività delle per la chimica generale sostanze naturali Morassi/Speroni – Il laboratorio chimico Di Orio – Metodologia epidemiologica clinica Munson – Principi di farmacologia Dizionario medico enciclopedico Nizzoli/Pissacroia – Trattato completo degli abusi Dolara – Tossicologia generale e ambientale e delle dipendenze (in due volumi) Duranti/Pagani – Enzimologia Norman/Coxon – Principi di sintesi organica Evangelisti/Restani – Prodotti dietetici O’Connor/Davies – Farmaci oftalmici Fabbri – La trasformazione chimica Pagani/Abbotto – Chimica eterociclica Ferrari – Farmacologia clinica cardiovascolare Pasqua – Biologia cellulare e biotecnologie Fessenden/Fessenden – Chimica organica vegetali Foddai/Leporatti/Tomassini – Testo-atlante di Pasqua/Abbate/Forni – Botanica generale anatomia vegetale e delle piante officinali e diversità vegetale Foye’s – Principi di chimica farmaceutica Petrucci/Harwood/Herring – Chimica generale Franchini/Calzolari – L’educazione alimentare Quaderni di Biochimica nell’età evolutiva Santagada/Caliendo – Peptidi e peptidomimetici Freiser/Fernando – Gli equilibri ionici in chimica Savelli/Bruno – Analisi chimico farmaceutica analitica Siliprandi/Tettamanti – Biochimica medica Furlanut – Farmacologia generale e clinica Tierney – Diagnostica medica e terapia attuali per le lauree triennali Trease/Evans – Farmacognosia se a00_ e_ .q d 8/06/ 0 . 0 ag a FELICE SENATORE Professore Ordinario di Biologia Farmaceutica dell’Università di Napoli Federico II BIOLOGIA E BOTANICA FARMACEUTICA Seconda Edizione Presentazione del Prof. FRANCESCO CAPASSO Ordinario di Farmacognosia dell’Università di Napoli Federico II se a00_ e_ .q d 8/06/ 0 . 0 ag a V Tutti i diritti sono riservati È VIETATA PER LEGGE LA RIPRODUZIONE IN FOTOCOPIA E IN QUALSIASI ALTRA FORMA È vietato riprodurre, archiviare in un sistema di riproduzione o trasmettere sotto qualsiasi forma o con qualsiasi mezzo elettronico, meccanico, per fotocopia, registrazione o altro, qualsiasi parte di questa pubblicazione senza autorizzazione scritta dell’Editore. Ogni violazione sarà perseguita secondo le leggi civili e penali. ISBN 978-88-299-2126-3 Stampato in Italia © 2012, by Piccin Nuova Libraria S.p.A., Padova www.piccinonline.com se a00_ e_ .q d 8/06/ 0 . 0 ag a V Ai miei genitori, ad Anna e ad Andrea, che mi hanno sostenuto e mi accompagnano nella vita. se a00_ e_ .q d 8/06/ 0 . 0 ag a V Dio disse ancora: “Produca la terra erbe, piante, che facciano semi e alberi fruttiferi che diano frutti secondo la loro specie e che abbiano in sé la propria semenza sopra la terra”. E così fu. Quindi la terra produsse erbe, piante, che fanno seme secondo la loro specie, alberi che danno frutti secondo la loro specie e che hanno in sé la propria semenza. E Iddio vide che ciò era buono. Di nuovo fu sera, poi fu mattina: terzo giorno. Genesi, 1, 11-13 se a00_ e_ .q d 8/06/ 0 . 0 ag a V Presentazione Questo trattato di “Biologia e Botanica Tutte le notizie raccolte in questo tratta- Farmaceutica” si distingue per la conce- to vengono esposte in modo semplice e di zione e la stesura unitaria, essendo stato facile comprensione per coloro che deside- scritto unicamente dall’amico e collega rano ottenere con una rapida consultazione Felice Senatore, ed è il frutto di un’espe- nozioni rigorosamente scientifiche di rienza didattica maturata in moltissimi Biologia e Botanica. anni di insegnamento a studenti e specializ- Esaminando più particolarmente la zandi della Facoltà di Farmacia. struttura del libro si vedrà che esso tratta L’Autore, che si è formato nell’Istituto di inizialmente l’affascinante mondo delle Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica cellule e sviluppa progressivamente, in dell’Università degli Studi di Napoli modo chiaro ed essenziale, i complessi “Federico II”, attualmente afferisce al fenomeni biochimici che in esse avvengono. Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Opportuna appare, inoltre, la trattazione Naturali e, dopo aver insegnato Fitochi- delle principali piante medicinali. Lo stu- mica e Botanica Farmaceutica, da alcuni dente viene alla fine orientato sull’impiego anni è titolare dell’insegnamento di appropriato delle piante nella cura dei Biologia Animale e Vegetale. Questa mi disturbi di diversa natura, per cui anche il sembra la carriera ideale per un biologo Farmacista e l’Erborista potranno consul- farmaceutico in quanto la disciplina di cui tare utilmente questo trattato. si occupa costituisce una base comune fra la Biologia classica e quella farmaceutica. PROF. FRANCESCO CAPASSO se a00_ e_ .q d 8/06/ 0 . 0 ag a V se a00_ e_ .q d 8/06/ 0 . 0 ag a Prefazione alla seconda edizione Nella predisposizione di questa seconda per tutte le piante che vi fossero citate, le edizione del testo hanno confluito le solleci- indicazioni riportate nella sesta edizione tazioni degli studenti – quanto mai utili es- della Farmacopea Europea ed ho aggior- sendone essi i diretti fruitori – e le richieste nato alla XII edizione i dati relativi alla di alcuni colleghi ed operatori socio-sanita- Farmacopea Italiana. ri che mi hanno evidenziato l’esigenza di Mi è sembrato anche opportuno inserire ampliare la trattazione di alcune piante di alcune principali strutture dei principi atti- più attuale interesse farmaceutico. Sicché, vi biosintetizzati negli organismi vegetali in senza sacrificare la scorrevolezza della let- quanto la chimica è anch’essa una base tura, ho aggiunto una serie di schemi, figu- della vita. Inoltre ho arricchito il glossario, re e tabelle atte a meglio rappresentare i te- di pratica consultazione anche per i non mi trattati ed a consentirne un più facile ap- addetti ai lavori ed ho aggiunto una biblio- prendimento ed una più agevole ritenzione. grafia utile per quanti vogliano approfon- Ho anche sviluppato alcuni aspetti d’in- dire le loro conoscenze. teresse generale, quali, ad esempio, la Infine ho apportato alcune modifiche al determinazione del sesso, le proteine e loro supplemento del testo con le domande di funzioni biologiche, le relazioni tra il meta- verifica che, come ho potuto constatare, è bolismo energetico e alcune vie biosinteti- assai utile per la valutazione del grado che nelle cellule, i fitormoni, i diagrammi d’apprendimento raggiunto. Così per i vari fogliari e fiorali ed altro ancora. capitoli ho riformulato alcune domande a Nei capitoli dedicati alle Spermatophyta risposta aperta e con risposta vero/falso ho ampliato alcune delle voci esistenti e ne lasciando immutate le esercitazioni da ho aggiunte altre riguardanti piante ormai colorare perché nel processo di colorazio- entrate nell’uso quotidiano come, ad esem- ne sono impiegate contemporaneamente la pio, Schizandra, Acerola, Mirtillo america- mente e la vista di modo che il particolare no, Pigeo africano, Gomma guar, Guava, da evidenziare viene ad essere più chiara- Guaranà, Gomma guggul, Gimnema, mente e saldamente fissato. Ashwagandha, Uncaria ecc. Inoltre ho Mi auguro che il testo così rivisitato incluso diverse fotografie dal vero di fun- possa soddisfare le varie esigenze culturali ghi, piante e fiori scattate nel corso di e le diverse professionalità ed incontrare
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