XVI. LIST OF COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Listed below are the scientific and common names of all species identified in the text. The scientific name is usually provided (parenthetically) at the first usage of the common name; subsequently, the common name alone is used throughout the text.
Scientific names are presented in taxonomic groupings to the Order, except for the Monera and Fungi, which are presented only by Phylum. Within Order, scientific names are presented alphabetically. The taxonomies were obtained from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (U.S. Department of Agriculture et al., 2005), the National Plant Data Center (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2005), the National Biological Information Infrastructure (U.S. Geological Survey, 2006), and the Systema Naturae 2000 (Brands, 2005).
KINGDOM MONERA
Phylum Bacteria Vibrio cholera Cholera bacterium
KINGDOM FUNGI
Phylum Ascomycota Cryphonectria parasitica Chestnut-blight fungus Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium (wilt) fungus
Phylum Oomycota Phytophthora cinnamomi Cinnamon fungus
Phylum Imperfecti Verticillium spp. Verticillium (wilt) fungus species
KINGDOM PLANTAE
Division Bryophyta Class Sphagnopsida Order Sphagnales Sphagnum spp. Bog moss species
Division Pteridophyta Class Filicopsida Order Polypodiales Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fern
Division Coniferophyta Class Pinopsida Order Pinales Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic white-cedar Larix laricina Tamarack Piceamariana Blackspruce
409 Order Taxales Taxus brevifolia Pacific yew
Division Magnoliophyta Class Liliopsida Order Cyperales Carex pseudocyperus Cypress-like sedge Carexspp. Sedge species Cyperusspp. Sedge species Distichlis spicata Spikegrass Eleocharis parvula Dwarf spike rush Panicum spp. Panic grass species Phragmites australis Common reed Scirpus maritimus Saltmarsh bulrush Scirpus robustus Stout bulrush Spartina alterniflora Smooth cordgrass Spartina patens Salt-marsh hay Spartina spp. Cordgrass species Zea mays Corn
Order Najadales Potamogeton spp. Pondweed species Triglochin maritimum Seaside arrowgrass
Order Arales Lemna minor Lesser duckweed Lemnaspp. Duckweed species Peltandra virginica Arrow arum
Order Typhales Typha latifolia Broadleaf cattail Typhaspp. Cattail species
Order Liliales Pontederia cordata Pickerelweed
Class Magnoliopsida Order Asterales Baccharis halimifolia Groundsel tree Erechtites hieracifolia Fireweed Eupatorium capillifolium Dog fennel thoroughwort Hieracium kalmii Canada hawkweed Ivafrutescens Saltmarsh elder Pluchea purpurascens Saltmarsh fleabane Prenanthes racemosa Purple rattlesnake-root Solidago spp. Goldenrod species
410 Order Dipsacales Sambucus canadensis Common elderberry Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood
Order Lamiales Pycnanthemum torrei Torrey's mountain-mint Verbena hastata Blue vervain
Order Scrophulariales Fraxinus nigra Black ash Utricularia vulgaris Common bladderwort
Order Solanales Nicotiana rustica Tobacco Calystegia sepium Hedge false bindweed
Order Polygonales Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed Polygonum perfoliatum Mile-a-minute Polygonum hydropiperoides Swamp (or water) smartweed Polygonum spp. Smartweed species
Order Theales Hypericum adpressum Creeping St. Johnswort
Order Ericales Clethra alnifolia Sweet pepperbush Leucothoe racemosa Swamp fetterbush
Order Malvales Hibiscus moscheutos Rose mallow
Order Salicales Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood Populus spp. Poplar species Salix discolor Pussy willow
Order Fagales Alnus sp. Alder species Betula populifolia Gray birch Betula spp. Birch species Castanea dentata American chestnut Quercus bicolor Swamp white oak Quercus coccinea Scarlet oak Quercus lyrata Overcup oak Quercus palustris Pin oak
411 Order Hamamelidales Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum
Order Juglandales Juglans nigra Blackwalnut
Order Myricales Morella (Myrica) pensylvanica Northern bayberry
Order Urticales Cannabis spp. Hemp Ulmus americana American elm
Order Nymphaeales Brasenia schreberi Water shield Nuphar spp. Water lily species Nymphaea odorata Fragrant water lily
Order Apiales Heracleum mantegazzianum Giant hogweed
Order Cornales Nyssa sylvatica Blackgum
Order Fabales Phaseolus vulgaris Bean Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust
Order Myrtales Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife
Order Rhamnales Rhamnus frangula European buckthorn Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Amur peppervine
Order Rosales Aronia prunifolia Purple chokeberry Prunus serotina Black cherry Rubus hispidus Swamp dewberry Sorbus aucuparia European ash Spiraea tomentosa Steeplebush
Order Linales Linum spp. Flax
Order Sapindales Acer negundo Box elder Acer rubrum Red maple
412 Order Sapindales (continued) Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven Ptelea trifoliata Waferash Rhusspp. Sumac species
KINGDOM METAZOA
Phylum Nematoda Class Phasmida Order Ascaridida Baylisascaris procyonis Raccoon roundworm
Phylum Annelida Class Oligochaeta Order Haplotaxida Lumbricus spp. Earthworm species Lumbricus terrestris Common (European) earthworm
Class Polychaeta Order Spionida Polydora ligni Whip mud worm
Order Sabellida Terebrasabella hetrouncintata South African shell-boring sabellid
Phylum Arthropoda Class Arachnida Order Acarina Ixodes scapularis Deer tick
Class Insecta Order Orthoptera Blattella germanica German cockroach
Order Diptera Calamomyia phragmites Common-reed gall midge Lasioptera hungarica European univoltine gall midge Lipara spp. Gall fly species Thrypticus spp. Petiole mining fly species
Order Lepidoptera Lymantria dispar Gypsy moth Ochlodes yuma Yuma skipper Pyrgus wyandot Appalachian grizzled skipper Poanes viator Broad-winged skipper
Order Coleoptera Anthonomus grandis Boll weevil
413 Order Coleoptera (continued) Galerucella calmariensis Black-margined loosestrife beetle Galerucella pusilla Golden loosestrife beetle Galerucella spp. Loosestrife beetle species
Class Crustacea Order Decapoda Callinectes sapidus Blue crab Crangon septemspinosa Sand shrimp Hemigrapsus sanguineus Japanese shore crab Palaemonetes pugio Grass shrimp Rhithropanopeus harrisii Estuarine mud crab Uca spp. Fiddler crab species
Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Order Myoida Mya arenaria Softshell clam
Order Ostreoida Crassostrea virginica American oyster
Order Unioida Alasmidonta heterodon Dwarf wedge mussel Alasmidonta undulata Triangle floater Lampsilis cariosa Yellow lampmussel Lasmigona subviridis Green floater Leptodea ochracea Tidewater mucket Strophitus undulates Creeper
Order Veneroida Corbicula fluminea Asian (Asiatic) clam Dreissena polymorpha Zebra mussel Macoma bathica Baltic macoma clam Mytilopsis leucophaeata False dark mussel Mytilopsis sp. False mussel species Potamocorbula amurensis Amur River corbula clam
Phylum Chordata Class Osteichthyes Order Acipenseriformes Acipenser brevirostrum Shortnose sturgeon Acipenser oxyrhynchus Atlantic sturgeon
Order Clupeiformes Alosa aestivalis Blueback herring Alosa pseudoharengus Alewife
414 Order Clupeiformes (continued) Alosa sapidissima American shad Alosa spp. Herring species Anchoa mitchilli Bay anchovy Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad
Order Anguilliformes Anguilla rostrata American eel
Order Cypriniformes Carassius auratus Goldfish Cyprinus carpio Carp
Order Gadiformes Microgadus tomcod Tomcod
Order Atheriniformes Menidia menidia Atlantic silverside Menidia spp. Silverside species
Order Cyprinodontiformes Fundulus heteroclitus Mummichog
Order Scorpaeniformes Cottus spp. Sculpin species Prionotus evolans Striped searobin
Order Perciformes Centropristis striata Black sea bass Etheostoma spp. Darter species Micropogonias undulatus Atlantic croaker Morone americana White perch Morone saxatilis Striped bass Percinaspp. Darter species Pomatomus saltatrix Bluefish
Order Gobiiformes Gobiosoma bosc Naked goby
Order Pleuronectiformes Paralichthys dentatus Summer flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus Winter flounder Trinectes maculates Hogchoker
Class Amphibia Order Urodela Ambystoma jeffersonianum Jefferson’s salamander Ambystoma opacum Marbled salamander
415 Order Urodela (continued) Gyrinophilus porphyriticus Northern spring salamander
Order Anura Bufo terrestris Southern toad Bufo woodhousii fowleri Fowler’s toad
Class Reptilia Order Chelonia Clemmys guttata Spotted turtle Clemmys insculpta Wood turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii Bog turtle Kinosternon subrubrum Eastern mud turtle Malaclemys terrapin Diamondback terrapin Sternotherus odoratus Stinkpot Terrapene carolina Eastern box turtle Trachemys scripta Red-eared slider
Order Squamata Coluber constrictor Northern black racer Eumeces fasciatus Five-lined skink Opheodrys vernalis Smooth green snake
Class Aves Order Podicipediformes Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed grebe
Order Anseriformes Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Anas rubripes Black duck Anas strepera Gadwall Aythya americana Redhead Branta canadensis Canada goose Bucephala albeola Bufflehead
Order Ciconiiformes Ardea alba Great egret Ardea exilis Least bittern Ardea herodias Great blue heron Botaurus lentiginosus American bittern Egretta caerulea Little blue heron Egretta tricolor Tricolor heron Ixobrychus exilis Least bittern Nyctanassa violacea Yellow-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned night heron
416 Order Falconiformes Accipiter cooperii Cooper’s hawk Accipiter gentiles Northern goshawk Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned hawk Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered hawk Buteo platypterus Broad-winged hawk Circus cyaneus Northern harrier Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon Falco sparverius American kestrel Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald eagle Pandion haliaetus Osprey
Order Gruiformes Coturnicops noveboracensis Yellow rail Gallinula chloropus Common moorhen Ralluselegans King rail Rallus longirostris obsoletus California clapper rail Rallus spp. Rail species
Order Charadriiformes Actitis macularia Spotted sandpiper Bartramia longicauda Upland sandpiper Calidris alba Sanderling Calidris alpina Dunlin Calidris canutus Red knot Calidris minutilla Least sandpiper Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Willet Chlidonias niger Black tern Limosa fedoa Marbled godwit Limosa haemastica Hudsonian godwit Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel Phalaropus tricolor Wilson’s phalarope Rynchops niger Black skimmer Scolopax minor American woodcock Sterna antillarum Least tern Sterna caspia Caspian tern Sterna dougallii Roseate tern Sterna hirundo Common tern Tringa arenaria Sanderling Tringa solitaria Solitary sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis Buff-breasted sandpiper
Order Columbiformes Columba livia Rock dove
Order Cuculiformes Coccyzus americanus Yellow-billed cuckoo
417 Order Cuculiformes (continued) Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black-billed cuckoo
Order Strigiformes Asio flammeus Short-eared owl Asio otus Long-eared owl Strix varia Barred owl Tyto alba Common barn owl
Order Caprimulgiformes Chordeiles acutipennis Lesser nighthawk Chordeiles minor Common nighthawk
Order Coraciiformes Ceryle alcyon Belted kingfisher
Order Piciformes Melanerpes erythrocephalus Red-headed woodpecker
Order Passeriformes Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged blackbird Ammodramus caudacutus Sharp-tailed sparrow Ammodramus maritimus Seaside sparrow Ammodramus palustris Swamp sparrow Ammodramus spp. Sparrow species Cardinalis cardinalis Northern cardinal Carduelis tristis American goldfinch Catharus fuscescens Veery Catharus minimus Gray-cheeked thrush Catharus ustulatus Swainson’s thrush Cistothorus palustris Marsh wren Cistothorus platensis Sedge wren Corvus brachyrhynchos American crow Dendroica caerulescens Black-throated blue warbler Dendroica castanea Buff-breasted warbler Dendroica discolor Prairie warbler Dendroica petechia Yellow warbler Dendroica virens Black-throated green warbler Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink Dumetella carolinensis Gray catbird Empidonax minimus Least flycatcher Eremophila alpestris Horned lark Geothlypis trichas Common yellowthroat Hylocichla mustelina Wood thrush Icterus galbula Baltimore oriole Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead shrike Melospiza melodia Song sparrow
418 Order Passeriformes (continued) Melospiza spp. Sparrow species Mimus polyglottos Northern mockingbird Molothrus ater Brown-headed cowbird Parula americana Northern parula Passerculus sandwichensis Savannah sparrow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Cliff swallow Pooecetes gramineus Vesper sparrow Riparia riparia Bank swallow Spiza americana Dickcissel Sturnella magna Eastern meadowlark Sturnus vulgaris European starling Troglodytes tyroglodytes Winter wren Vireo solitarius Solitary vireo Vermivora pinus Blue-winged warbler Wilsonia canadensis Canada warbler
Class Mammalia Order Rodentia Castoroides ohioensis Giant beaver Mus musculus House mouse Neotoma magister Allegheny woodrat Ondatra zibethicus Muskrat Rattus norvegicus Norway rat
Order Chiroptera Myotis sodalis Indiana bat
Order Lagomorpha Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern cottontail rabbit
Order Proboscidea Elephas primigenius Mammoth Mammut americanus American mastodon
Order Carnivora Canis familiaris Domestic dog Canis latrans Coyote Felis silvestris Domestic cat Lutra canadensis River otter Mustela vison Mink Procyon lotor Northern raccoon Urocyon cinereoargenteus Gray fox Vulpes vulpes Red fox
Order Pinnipedia Phoca vitulina Harbor seal
419 Order Artiodactyla Bos taurus Domestic cow Cervalces scotti Stag-moose Odocoileus virginianus White-tailed deer Rangifer tarandus Caribou
Order Primata Homo sapiens Human (modern)
420