Birch Defoliator Yukon Forest Health — Forest Insect and Disease 4
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Coastal Landscaping in Massachusetts Plant List
Coastal Landscaping in Massachusetts Plant List This PDF document provides additional information to supplement the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) Coastal Landscaping website. The plants listed below are good choices for the rugged coastal conditions of Massachusetts. The Coastal Beach Plant List, Coastal Dune Plant List, and Coastal Bank Plant List give recommended species for each specified location (some species overlap because they thrive in various conditions). Photos and descriptions of selected species can be found on the following pages: • Grasses and Perennials • Shrubs and Groundcovers • Trees CZM recommends using native plants wherever possible. The vast majority of the plants listed below are native (which, for purposes of this fact sheet, means they occur naturally in eastern Massachusetts). Certain non-native species with specific coastal landscaping advantages that are not known to be invasive have also been listed. These plants are labeled “not native,” and their state or country of origin is provided. (See definitions for native plant species and non-native plant species at the end of this fact sheet.) Coastal Beach Plant List Plant List for Sheltered Intertidal Areas Sheltered intertidal areas (between the low-tide and high-tide line) of beach, marsh, and even rocky environments are home to particular plant species that can tolerate extreme fluctuations in water, salinity, and temperature. The following plants are appropriate for these conditions along the Massachusetts coast. Black Grass (Juncus gerardii) native Marsh Elder (Iva frutescens) native Saltmarsh Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) native Saltmeadow Cordgrass (Spartina patens) native Sea Lavender (Limonium carolinianum or nashii) native Spike Grass (Distichlis spicata) native Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) native Plant List for a Dry Beach Dry beach areas are home to plants that can tolerate wind, wind-blown sand, salt spray, and regular interaction with waves and flood waters. -
Gypsy Moth CP
INDUSTRY BIOSECURITY PLAN FOR THE NURSERY & GARDEN INDUSTRY Threat Specific Contingency Plan Gypsy moth (Asian and European strains) Lymantria dispar dispar Plant Health Australia December 2009 Disclaimer The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts were made to obtain relevant and published information on the pest. New information will be included as it becomes available, or when the document is reviewed. The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. Further information For further information regarding this contingency plan, contact Plant Health Australia through the details below. Address: Suite 5, FECCA House 4 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 Email: [email protected] Website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au PHA & NGIA | Contingency Plan – Asian and European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar) 1 Purpose and background of this contingency plan .............................................................. 5 2 Australian nursery industry .................................................................................................... 5 3 Eradication or containment determination ............................................................................ 6 4 Pest information/status .......................................................................................................... -
Conotrachelus Nenuphar
EPPO Datasheet: Conotrachelus nenuphar Last updated: 2021-02-26 IDENTITY Preferred name: Conotrachelus nenuphar Authority: (Herbst) Taxonomic position: Animalia: Arthropoda: Hexapoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae Common names: plum curculio, plum weevil view more common names online... EPPO Categorization: A1 list view more categorizations online... EU Categorization: A1 Quarantine pest (Annex II A) EPPO Code: CONHNE more photos... HOSTS Conotrachelus nenuphar, a native weevil of North America, was originally a pest of native rosaceous plants. However, the introduction of exotic rosaceous plants into North America, notably cultivated plants such as apple ( Malus domestica) and peach (Prunus persica) trees, widened the host range of C. nenuphar and demonstrated its adaptability to new hosts (Maier, 1990). The distribution of C. nenuphar broadly conforms to the distribution of its native wild hosts Prunus nigra, Prunus americana and Prunus mexicana (Smith and Flessel, 1968). Other wild hosts include Amelanchier arborea, A. canadensis, Crataegus spp., Malus spp., Prunus alleghaniensis, P. americana, P. maritima, P. pensylvanica, P. pumila, P. salicina, P. serotina, P. virginiana and Sorbus aucuparia (Maier, 1990). Important cultivated hosts are apples, pears (Pyrus), peaches, plums and cherries (Prunus) and blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum). In addition to its rosaceous main hosts, C. nenuphar can also be found on blackcurrants (Ribes spp. - Grossulariaceae) and blueberries (Vaccinium spp. - Ericaceae) (Maier, 1990). Second generation C. nenuphar adults appear to attack a narrower range of some cultivated species than the first generation (Lampasona et al., 2020). Prunus, Pyrus and Malus spp. are widely cultivated throughout the Euro-Mediterranean region. In addition, if the pest was introduced to this region, the adaptability of the species to new hosts would probably result in an extended host range. -
Leafrollers on Ornamental and Fruit Trees
LeafroLLers on ornamentaL and fruit trees Integrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Landscape Professionals Leafrollers, the larvae of certain tortri- cid moths, often feed and pupate with- in the protection of rolled-up leaves. Several species can cause problems on fruit and ornamental trees in Cali- fornia. The fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospila, is the most common lea- froller pest in landscapes throughout the state. It occurs on many ornamental trees—including ash, birch, California Figure 3. Fruittree leafroller larva feed- buckeye, box elder, elm, locust, maple, ing inside a leaf it has rolled, or webbed, poplar, rose, and willow—and is par- together. ticularly damaging to deciduous and live oaks. It also attacks numerous fruit and nut trees including almond, apple, apricot, caneberries, cherry, citrus, pear, plum, prune, quince, and walnut. Figure 1. Unhatched (top) and hatched (at bottom with holes) fruittree leafroller eggs. Other leafrollers include the obliqueband- ed leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana, and the omnivorous leafroller, Platynota stul- tana, which are serious problems on fruit trees. The orange tortrix, Argyrotaenia franciscana, and apple pandemis, Pandemis pyrusana, are pests that occur through- out the year primarily on fruit trees and vines in coastal areas of California. A new invader, the light brown apple Figure 2. Omnivorous leafroller eggs. moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvittana, re- Figure 4. Fruittree leafroller larva de- scending on its silken thread. cently has invaded the northern coastal smaller branches. At first a dark gray areas of the state, and high populations or brown “cement” coats the mass; this are found in areas with cool summers later bleaches to white. -
Folivory of Vine Maple in an Old-Growth Douglas-Fir-Western Hemlock Forest
3589 David M. Braun, Bi Runcheng, David C. Shaw, and Mark VanScoy, University of Washington, Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility, 1262 Hemlock Rd., Carson, Washington 98610 Folivory of Vine Maple in an Old-growth Douglas-fir-Western Hemlock Forest Abstract Folivory of vine maple was documented in an old-growth Douglas-fir-western hemlock forest in southwest Washington. Leaf consumption by lepidopteran larvae was estimated with a sample of 450 tagged leaves visited weekly from 7 May to 11 October, the period from bud break to leaf drop. Lepidopteran taxa were identified by handpicking larvae from additional shrubs and rearing to adult. Weekly folivory peaked in May at 1.2%, after which it was 0.2% to 0.7% through mid October. Cumulative seasonal herbivory was 9.9% of leaf area. The lepidopteran folivore guild consisted of at least 22 taxa. Nearly all individuals were represented by eight taxa in the Geometridae, Tortricidae, and Gelechiidae. Few herbivores from other insect orders were ob- served, suggesting that the folivore guild of vine maple is dominated by these polyphagous lepidopterans. Vine maple folivory was a significant component of stand folivory, comparable to — 66% of the folivory of the three main overstory conifers. Because vine maple is a regionally widespread, often dominant understory shrub, it may be a significant influence on forest lepidopteran communities and leaf-based food webs. Introduction tract to defoliator outbreaks, less is known about endemic populations of defoliators and low-level Herbivory in forested ecosystems consists of the folivory. consumption of foliage, phloem, sap, and live woody tissue by animals. -
Susceptibility of Choristoneura Rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Two New Reduced-Risk Insecticides
INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT Susceptibility of Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Two New Reduced-Risk Insecticides 1 ASHFAQ A. SIAL, JAY F. BRUNNER, AND MICHAEL D. DOERR Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, 1100 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801 J. Econ. Entomol. 103(1): 140Ð146 (2010); DOI: 10.1603/EC09238 ABSTRACT The response of Þeld-collected populations of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristo- neura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, spinosad, and azinphosmethyl was assessed using a diet incorporation bioassay. Populations of obliquebanded leafroller were collected from nine orchards in Chelan, Douglas, Grant, and Okanogan counties of Washington. The neonates of the F1 or F2 generation were used in all assays. The parameters of probit regression lines were estimated and lethal concentration ratios were calculated for all populations compared with a susceptible laboratory population. SigniÞcant variation was detected in response to all four insecticides including chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram, which had never been used in the Þeld. lethal concentration ratios were 3.9Ð39.7 for azinphosmethyl, 0.5Ð3.6 for spinosad, 1.2Ð5.3 for chlorantraniliprole, and 0.5Ð4.1 for spinetoram. Correlation analysis indicated possibility of cross- resistance between spinosad and spinetoram, which are both members of spinosyn class. The occur- rence of low but signiÞcant levels of resistance against chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram in Þeld- collected populations of C. rosaceana before their Þrst Þeld application indicates that the risk of resistance evolution against these two new reduced-risk insecticides exists. However, it is likely that these low levels of resistance can be managed if the insecticides are used judiciously in conjunction with sound resistance management programs. -
Additions, Deletions and Corrections to An
Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) ADDITIONS, DELETIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE IRISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA) WITH A CONCISE CHECKLIST OF IRISH SPECIES AND ELACHISTA BIATOMELLA (STAINTON, 1848) NEW TO IRELAND K. G. M. Bond1 and J. P. O’Connor2 1Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, School of BEES, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland. e-mail: <[email protected]> 2Emeritus Entomologist, National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. Abstract Additions, deletions and corrections are made to the Irish checklist of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Elachista biatomella (Stainton, 1848) is added to the Irish list. The total number of confirmed Irish species of Lepidoptera now stands at 1480. Key words: Lepidoptera, additions, deletions, corrections, Irish list, Elachista biatomella Introduction Bond, Nash and O’Connor (2006) provided a checklist of the Irish Lepidoptera. Since its publication, many new discoveries have been made and are reported here. In addition, several deletions have been made. A concise and updated checklist is provided. The following abbreviations are used in the text: BM(NH) – The Natural History Museum, London; NMINH – National Museum of Ireland, Natural History, Dublin. The total number of confirmed Irish species now stands at 1480, an addition of 68 since Bond et al. (2006). Taxonomic arrangement As a result of recent systematic research, it has been necessary to replace the arrangement familiar to British and Irish Lepidopterists by the Fauna Europaea [FE] system used by Karsholt 60 Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) and Razowski, which is widely used in continental Europe. -
Refining Trunk Injection Strategies for Control of Foliar Insect Pests and Disease in Michigan Apple Orchards
REFINING TRUNK INJECTION STRATEGIES FOR CONTROL OF FOLIAR INSECT PESTS AND DISEASE IN MICHIGAN APPLE ORCHARDS By Charles Clark Coslor A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Entomology—Doctor of Philosophy 2017 ABSTRACT REFINING TRUNK INJECTION STRATEGIES FOR CONTROL OF FOLIAR INSECT PESTS AND DISEASE IN MICHIGAN APPLE ORCHARDS By Charles Clark Coslor In conventional apple orchards, insect pests are managed with insecticides delivered to the canopy using airblast sprayers, which provide good canopy coverage. However, spraying results in significant product loss: as little as 26% is estimated to reach the tree canopy due to spray drift and less than 0.1% of insecticide ends up reaching the target pest. The remainder is lost to the environment with potential to harm people or non-target organisms. Trunk injection is a discriminating pesticide delivery system which reduces insecticide inputs and environmental exposure by delivering chemicals directly to the vascular system. It is commonly used to deliver pesticides in ornamental and shade trees. Recent work with trunk injection in apple orchards has shown promise, but more research must be done to determine efficacy and safety in tree fruit crops. In the following studies, we injected emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, spinosad, chlorantraniliprole, and abamectin into apple trees to expand the list of insecticides compatible with trunk injection. Nectar and pollen were sampled from trees to compare the effects of injection timing on insecticide concentration in floral resources. In addition, two fundamental injection tool types were compared: drill-based and needle-based. To test compatibility of combined insect and disease management, an insecticide and a fungicide were injected simultaneously. -
Courtship Behavior in Choristoneura Rosaceana and Pandemis Pyrusana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
BEHAVIOR Courtship Behavior in Choristoneura rosaceana and Pandemis pyrusana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) 1 2 3 TOMISLAV CURKOVIC, JAY F. BRUNNER, AND PETER J. LANDOLT Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 99(3): 617Ð624 (2006) ABSTRACT The characterization of courtship behavior in two sympatric and synchronic leafroller species, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott, indicated that only pher- omone permeated airßow was needed as a releaser to initiate the male mating sequence. Mating ethograms demonstrate that males of both species perform six observable, discrete, and homogeneous steps: 1) wing fanning; 2) Þrst contact; 3) male next to female (mostly in C. rosaceana), head-to-head (only P. pyrusana); 4) curled abdomen; 5) genitalia engagement; and 6) end-to-end position (mating). The sequences were highly stereotypic, suggesting that once a male starts the mating sequence, the rest of the steps will most likely follow. First contact with the female was a preprogrammed response, not requiring further cues. Copulation was more likely when the female remained stationary after Þrst contact. Unsuccessful mating sequences were frequent during the study because females escaped by walking away, turning around, or jumping away. Because courtship behavior is a mechanism to select sexual partners, it is possible to hypothesize that responses resulting in an unsuccessful mating (assumed to be rejection) validate this mechanism. The mating sequence of C. rosaceana best matches the simple courtship behavior model, whereas the sequence in P. pyrusana resembles an interactive courtship. Overall results indicate that courtship behavior in both species would be compatible with attracticide (i.e., sex pheromone ϩ insecticide) technology that requires direct contact between males and the pheromone source. -
The HERITAGE River Birch (Betula Nigra 'Cully') a Notable Landscape
1 Collyer Lane, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 email: [email protected] Website: http://www.bernards.org/boards_commissions/shade_tree/default.aspx The HERITAGE River Birch (Betula nigra 'Cully') A notable landscape tree is the HERITAGE river birch (Betula nigra 'Cully'). This tree has gained a great deal of popularity and has been planted extensively in residential settings over the last ten years. It can be identified by the peeling tan bark of various shades. Most examples are multi-trunked in clumps of three to five. It is a native tree that grows both in the southern and northern areas of the United States. The cultivar HERITAGE was found by Earl Cully, a nurseryman from Illinois, who is well recognized for development of various worthwhile landscape trees. He found a birch tree that had exceptional peeling bark flourishing on a residential lawn in a St. Louis suburb more than two decades ago. River birch grow in moist, but not constantly wet areas, along streams and rivers. Other native birches in this area are the yellow birch which has curly black to gray peeling bark and the gray birch, Betula populifolia, which has chalky white non- peeling bark. In colder areas of the Northeast one may note white birch that in time develops peeling bark; these are non-native. The European white weeping birch, Betula pendula, is also useful in the landscape; it attains a good height and is strongly weeping. This is common plant to see European landscapes. Birch trees are also native to Asia and some have outstanding white bark and make wonderful specimen trees in colder areas of the Northeast. -
The Taxonomy of the Side Species Group of Spilochalcis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) in America North of Mexico with Biological Notes on a Representative Species
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1984 The taxonomy of the side species group of Spilochalcis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) in America north of Mexico with biological notes on a representative species. Gary James Couch University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Couch, Gary James, "The taxonomy of the side species group of Spilochalcis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) in America north of Mexico with biological notes on a representative species." (1984). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 3045. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3045 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE TAXONOMY OF THE SIDE SPECIES GROUP OF SPILOCHALCIS (HYMENOPTERA:CHALCIDIDAE) IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO WITH BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON A REPRESENTATIVE SPECIES. A Thesis Presented By GARY JAMES COUCH Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 1984 Department of Entomology THE TAXONOMY OF THE SIDE SPECIES GROUP OF SPILOCHALCIS (HYMENOPTERA:CHALCIDIDAE) IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO WITH BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON A REPRESENTATIVE SPECIES. A Thesis Presented By GARY JAMES COUCH Approved as to style and content by: Dr. T/M. Peter's, Chairperson of Committee CJZl- Dr. C-M. Yin, Membe D#. J.S. El kin ton, Member ii Dedication To: My mother who taught me that dreams are only worth the time and effort you devote to attaining them and my father for the values to base them on. -
(Betula Populifolia) R
PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF BIRCH SYRUP (Betula populifolia) R. Kok1, E.R. Norris1, and T. Beveridge2 1Department of Agricultural Engineering, and 2SchoolofFood Science. Macdonald College of McGillUniversity, Ste. Annede Bellevue, Quebec HOA ICO Received 30 November 1976 Kok, R., E.R. Norris, and T. Beveridge. 1978. Production and properties of birchsyrup(Betulapopulifolia). Can. Agric. Eng. 20: 5-9. Sixteen grey birch trees ( B. populifolia) were tapped during 1975; fifty were tapped during 1976. Sapwas collected daily and boiled to a syrup. Thesugar content as well as the volume of thesapproduced byeachtreewas measured every dayduring the 1976 season. Theaverage seasonal sap production during 1975 was 42.8 //tree;during 1976 it was 27.9 //tree.Theaverage sap sugarcontent during 1976 was 0.74% (w/v). Trees tapped suffered noapparentilleffects from thetapping. Average syrup/;Hwas 4.8. The average syrup (50% byweight sugar) viscosity was 15 centipoise. Thesyrup ash content increased during the tapping season from 1.22 to 3.3%. Thedominant wavelength ofthesyrup color was 580 nm; itsexcitation purity was 0.671. The syrup was judged as being acceptable by 59%, of an 82-member taste panel. INTRODUCTION birch), B. papyri/era (white birch) and B. combined and kept for boiling. alleghaniensis (yellow birch) (Marie- The solids content of the daily individual Although maple products and their Victorin 1964; Hosie 1969). For this study, characteristic flavor are today well known, tree sap samples was determined by the grey birch was chosen, since it was similar products obtainable from birch, pipetting 10 ml of sap into a drying dish, abundantly available in the immediate walnut, hickory, ash, basswood and leaving the dish in a drying oven at 75°C for vicinity.