XVI. LIST OF COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES Listed below are the scientific and common names of all species identified in the text. The scientific name is usually provided (parenthetically) at the first usage of the common name; subsequently, the common name alone is used throughout the text. Scientific names are presented in taxonomic groupings to the Order, except for the Monera and Fungi, which are presented only by Phylum. Within Order, scientific names are presented alphabetically. The taxonomies were obtained from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (U.S. Department of Agriculture et al., 2005), the National Plant Data Center (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2005), the National Biological Information Infrastructure (U.S. Geological Survey, 2006), and the Systema Naturae 2000 (Brands, 2005). KINGDOM MONERA Phylum Bacteria Vibrio cholera Cholera bacterium KINGDOM FUNGI Phylum Ascomycota Cryphonectria parasitica Chestnut-blight fungus Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium (wilt) fungus Phylum Oomycota Phytophthora cinnamomi Cinnamon fungus Phylum Imperfecti Verticillium spp. Verticillium (wilt) fungus species KINGDOM PLANTAE Division Bryophyta Class Sphagnopsida Order Sphagnales Sphagnum spp. Bog moss species Division Pteridophyta Class Filicopsida Order Polypodiales Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fern Division Coniferophyta Class Pinopsida Order Pinales Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic white-cedar Larix laricina Tamarack Piceamariana Blackspruce 409 Order Taxales Taxus brevifolia Pacific yew Division Magnoliophyta Class Liliopsida Order Cyperales Carex pseudocyperus Cypress-like sedge Carexspp. Sedge species Cyperusspp. Sedge species Distichlis spicata Spikegrass Eleocharis parvula Dwarf spike rush Panicum spp. Panic grass species Phragmites australis Common reed Scirpus maritimus Saltmarsh bulrush Scirpus robustus Stout bulrush Spartina alterniflora Smooth cordgrass Spartina patens Salt-marsh hay Spartina spp. Cordgrass species Zea mays Corn Order Najadales Potamogeton spp. Pondweed species Triglochin maritimum Seaside arrowgrass Order Arales Lemna minor Lesser duckweed Lemnaspp. Duckweed species Peltandra virginica Arrow arum Order Typhales Typha latifolia Broadleaf cattail Typhaspp. Cattail species Order Liliales Pontederia cordata Pickerelweed Class Magnoliopsida Order Asterales Baccharis halimifolia Groundsel tree Erechtites hieracifolia Fireweed Eupatorium capillifolium Dog fennel thoroughwort Hieracium kalmii Canada hawkweed Ivafrutescens Saltmarsh elder Pluchea purpurascens Saltmarsh fleabane Prenanthes racemosa Purple rattlesnake-root Solidago spp. Goldenrod species 410 Order Dipsacales Sambucus canadensis Common elderberry Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood Order Lamiales Pycnanthemum torrei Torrey's mountain-mint Verbena hastata Blue vervain Order Scrophulariales Fraxinus nigra Black ash Utricularia vulgaris Common bladderwort Order Solanales Nicotiana rustica Tobacco Calystegia sepium Hedge false bindweed Order Polygonales Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed Polygonum perfoliatum Mile-a-minute Polygonum hydropiperoides Swamp (or water) smartweed Polygonum spp. Smartweed species Order Theales Hypericum adpressum Creeping St. Johnswort Order Ericales Clethra alnifolia Sweet pepperbush Leucothoe racemosa Swamp fetterbush Order Malvales Hibiscus moscheutos Rose mallow Order Salicales Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood Populus spp. Poplar species Salix discolor Pussy willow Order Fagales Alnus sp. Alder species Betula populifolia Gray birch Betula spp. Birch species Castanea dentata American chestnut Quercus bicolor Swamp white oak Quercus coccinea Scarlet oak Quercus lyrata Overcup oak Quercus palustris Pin oak 411 Order Hamamelidales Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum Order Juglandales Juglans nigra Blackwalnut Order Myricales Morella (Myrica) pensylvanica Northern bayberry Order Urticales Cannabis spp. Hemp Ulmus americana American elm Order Nymphaeales Brasenia schreberi Water shield Nuphar spp. Water lily species Nymphaea odorata Fragrant water lily Order Apiales Heracleum mantegazzianum Giant hogweed Order Cornales Nyssa sylvatica Blackgum Order Fabales Phaseolus vulgaris Bean Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust Order Myrtales Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife Order Rhamnales Rhamnus frangula European buckthorn Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Amur peppervine Order Rosales Aronia prunifolia Purple chokeberry Prunus serotina Black cherry Rubus hispidus Swamp dewberry Sorbus aucuparia European ash Spiraea tomentosa Steeplebush Order Linales Linum spp. Flax Order Sapindales Acer negundo Box elder Acer rubrum Red maple 412 Order Sapindales (continued) Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven Ptelea trifoliata Waferash Rhusspp. Sumac species KINGDOM METAZOA Phylum Nematoda Class Phasmida Order Ascaridida Baylisascaris procyonis Raccoon roundworm Phylum Annelida Class Oligochaeta Order Haplotaxida Lumbricus spp. Earthworm species Lumbricus terrestris Common (European) earthworm Class Polychaeta Order Spionida Polydora ligni Whip mud worm Order Sabellida Terebrasabella hetrouncintata South African shell-boring sabellid Phylum Arthropoda Class Arachnida Order Acarina Ixodes scapularis Deer tick Class Insecta Order Orthoptera Blattella germanica German cockroach Order Diptera Calamomyia phragmites Common-reed gall midge Lasioptera hungarica European univoltine gall midge Lipara spp. Gall fly species Thrypticus spp. Petiole mining fly species Order Lepidoptera Lymantria dispar Gypsy moth Ochlodes yuma Yuma skipper Pyrgus wyandot Appalachian grizzled skipper Poanes viator Broad-winged skipper Order Coleoptera Anthonomus grandis Boll weevil 413 Order Coleoptera (continued) Galerucella calmariensis Black-margined loosestrife beetle Galerucella pusilla Golden loosestrife beetle Galerucella spp. Loosestrife beetle species Class Crustacea Order Decapoda Callinectes sapidus Blue crab Crangon septemspinosa Sand shrimp Hemigrapsus sanguineus Japanese shore crab Palaemonetes pugio Grass shrimp Rhithropanopeus harrisii Estuarine mud crab Uca spp. Fiddler crab species Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Order Myoida Mya arenaria Softshell clam Order Ostreoida Crassostrea virginica American oyster Order Unioida Alasmidonta heterodon Dwarf wedge mussel Alasmidonta undulata Triangle floater Lampsilis cariosa Yellow lampmussel Lasmigona subviridis Green floater Leptodea ochracea Tidewater mucket Strophitus undulates Creeper Order Veneroida Corbicula fluminea Asian (Asiatic) clam Dreissena polymorpha Zebra mussel Macoma bathica Baltic macoma clam Mytilopsis leucophaeata False dark mussel Mytilopsis sp. False mussel species Potamocorbula amurensis Amur River corbula clam Phylum Chordata Class Osteichthyes Order Acipenseriformes Acipenser brevirostrum Shortnose sturgeon Acipenser oxyrhynchus Atlantic sturgeon Order Clupeiformes Alosa aestivalis Blueback herring Alosa pseudoharengus Alewife 414 Order Clupeiformes (continued) Alosa sapidissima American shad Alosa spp. Herring species Anchoa mitchilli Bay anchovy Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad Order Anguilliformes Anguilla rostrata American eel Order Cypriniformes Carassius auratus Goldfish Cyprinus carpio Carp Order Gadiformes Microgadus tomcod Tomcod Order Atheriniformes Menidia menidia Atlantic silverside Menidia spp. Silverside species Order Cyprinodontiformes Fundulus heteroclitus Mummichog Order Scorpaeniformes Cottus spp. Sculpin species Prionotus evolans Striped searobin Order Perciformes Centropristis striata Black sea bass Etheostoma spp. Darter species Micropogonias undulatus Atlantic croaker Morone americana White perch Morone saxatilis Striped bass Percinaspp. Darter species Pomatomus saltatrix Bluefish Order Gobiiformes Gobiosoma bosc Naked goby Order Pleuronectiformes Paralichthys dentatus Summer flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus Winter flounder Trinectes maculates Hogchoker Class Amphibia Order Urodela Ambystoma jeffersonianum Jefferson’s salamander Ambystoma opacum Marbled salamander 415 Order Urodela (continued) Gyrinophilus porphyriticus Northern spring salamander Order Anura Bufo terrestris Southern toad Bufo woodhousii fowleri Fowler’s toad Class Reptilia Order Chelonia Clemmys guttata Spotted turtle Clemmys insculpta Wood turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii Bog turtle Kinosternon subrubrum Eastern mud turtle Malaclemys terrapin Diamondback terrapin Sternotherus odoratus Stinkpot Terrapene carolina Eastern box turtle Trachemys scripta Red-eared slider Order Squamata Coluber constrictor Northern black racer Eumeces fasciatus Five-lined skink Opheodrys vernalis Smooth green snake Class Aves Order Podicipediformes Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed grebe Order Anseriformes Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Anas rubripes Black duck Anas strepera Gadwall Aythya americana Redhead Branta canadensis Canada goose Bucephala albeola Bufflehead Order Ciconiiformes Ardea alba Great egret Ardea exilis Least bittern Ardea herodias Great blue heron Botaurus lentiginosus American bittern Egretta caerulea Little blue heron Egretta tricolor Tricolor heron Ixobrychus exilis Least bittern Nyctanassa violacea Yellow-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned night heron 416 Order Falconiformes Accipiter cooperii Cooper’s hawk Accipiter gentiles Northern goshawk Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned hawk Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered hawk Buteo platypterus Broad-winged hawk Circus cyaneus Northern harrier Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon Falco sparverius American kestrel Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald eagle Pandion haliaetus Osprey Order Gruiformes Coturnicops noveboracensis Yellow rail Gallinula chloropus Common