DOCSLIB.ORG

Traditional Medicine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Traditional Medicine MINISTRY OF HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL RESEARCH (LOWER MYANMAR) -4 rf,"d .1, l,.ifr M '\t $.,iJ+j AI{I{OTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRADITIOI{AL MEDTCII\E RESEARCH CARRTED OUT AT DMR (LM) nURIf{G 196s-2011 f# #a# €€# 6rdffi t u 6 l6'6 ktibilicetidiT \ &, ft Ministry of Health Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar) Central Biomedical Library ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE RESEARCH CARRIED OUT AT DMR (LM) DURING 1965-2011 Compiled by Cho Mar Oo BA (Economics); DipLibSc Librarian, Central Biomedical Library Staff of Central Biomedical Library May Aye Than MBBS, MMedSc (Pharmacology) Deputy Director & Head Pharmacology Research Division Staff of Pharmacology Research Division Aung Myo Min BSc (Physics); DipLibSc; RL Librarian & Head (Retd.) Central Biomedical Library Ye Htut MBBS, MSc (Medical Parasitology) (London) DLSHTM, FRCP (Edin) Deputy Director-General Myo Khin MBBS, MD (New South Wales), DCH, FRCP (Edin) Acting Director General PREFACE Throughout recorded history, people of various cultures have relied on traditional medicine. Worldwide, only an estimated ten to thirty percent of human health care is delivered by conventional, biomedically oriented practitioners. The remaining seventy to ninety percent ranges from self-care according to folk principles, to care given in an organized health care system based on traditional medicine. Likewise, in Myanmar health care system, the existence of traditional medicine along with allopathic medicines is well recognized. Myanmar traditional medicine dates back 2,000 years and is well accepted and widely used by the people throughout history. Burma Medical Research Institute since it was established in 1963 had started a program of research on traditional medicinal plants including laboratory screening tests on animal models of herbs with reputed pharmacological properties-such as anti-dysentery, bronchodilator, hypoglycemic effects. A research program for the standardization, pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of traditional drugs and herbal medicines was started in 1984 and Myanmar Traditional Medicine National Formulary has been compiled for 57 numbers of traditional medicine formulations, in each monograph including formulary, therapeutic uses, caution and dosage in Myanmar language. The Ministry of Health plays a pivotal role in the promotion and maintenance of health of the Myanmar people for ensuring their health and longevity. The ministry also encouraged research on traditional medicinal plants with the objectives of obtaining evidence-based traditional medicine drugs and exploring new traditional medicinal plants. Scientists from the Ministries of Health, Science and Technology and Education gather together to conduct research on traditional medicine and traditional plants during the past decades. An attempt has been made to consolidate all available data on traditional medicine research carried out at the Department of Medicine Research (Lower Myanmar) during the past five decades. The bibliography is divided into two parts. The first part consists of bibliography itself. Entries are provided with annotations and the titles are arranged alphabetically. Annotations were made based on the abstracts. The second part is "The Subject Index" and "Author Index". MeSH is the authority list used by the National Library of Medicine of the United States of America. Myanmar Traditional Medicine includes many medical materials of plants and animal origin which are not included in MeSH. In such cases, modifications have to be made and new subject headings have been added ie, species of plants as well as their local names. Cross-references are provided where necessary. This bibliography will be of great assistance as a handy reference to traditional medicine practitioners and various researchers in the field of Myanmar Traditional Medicine. Additional information can also be obtained through review articles enlisted. Dr. Myo Khin MBBS, MD (NSW), DCH, FRCP (Edin) Acting Director-General Department of Medical Research( Lower Myanmar) i Abbreviations 1st Burma Res Congr - 1st Burma Research Congress Burma Med Res Counc - Burma Medical Research Council Myanmar Health Res Congr - Myanmar Health Research Congress Res Pap Reading Session, Med Res Div - Research Paper Reading Session, Medical Research Division Burma Res Congr - Burma Research Congress Med Res Congr - Medical Research Congress Rep Burma Med Res Counc - Report of Burma Medical Research Council Myanmar Health Sci Res J - Myanmar Health Science Research Journal Burma Med Res Counc; Spec Rep Ser - Burma Medical Research Council; Special Report Series 2nd Conf Med Spec, MMA - 2nd Conference Medical Specialty, Myanmar Medical Association 16th Myanmar Military Med Conf - 16th Myanmar Military Medical Conference Pharmaceutical Biol - Pharmaceutical Biology Union Burma J Life Sci - Union of Burma Journal of Life Sciences Southeast Asia Region, Reg Health Forum - Southeast Asia Region, Regional Health Forum Int J Crude Drug Res - International Journal Crude Drug Research iii Contents page Preface i Abbreviations iii Part 1 Abstracts with Annotation 1 Part 2 Author Index 219 Subject Index Medical Subject Headings 233 Index of Medicinal Plants (English) 243 Index of Medicinal Plants (Myanmar) 253 Traditional Medicine Formularies 265 Part 3 Review Articles 267 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE RESEARCH CARRIED OUT AT DMR (LM) DURING 1965‐2011 1. The action of Desmodium triquetrum (Lauk-thay-ywet) on the development of Musca domestica. Tu, Margaret; Hkun Saw Lwin. 1st Burma Med Res Conf, 1965: p6. In Burma, Desmodium triquetrum (Lauk-thay-ywet) leaves are used to cover ngapi in the belief that this practice renders the ngapi free of fly larvae. Assuming that the larvae found in ngapi were those of Musca domestica, studies were initially made on the effect of Desmodium triquetrum leaves and extract on (1) eggs of M. domestica (2) larvae of M. domestica (3) oviposition in M. domestica. D. triquetrum leaves and extract had no effect on the hatching of M. domestica eggs. Both leaf and extract had no action on oviposition in M. domestica. Extracts tested had no action on the larve, but the leaf had a lethal effect on the majority of larvae within 24hours. Death appeared to be due finally to dehydration. The initial effects produced were a localisation of the larvae to part of the leaf, usually on the under surface, followed by an exudation of fluid. The mechanism by which the leaf produces the changes in the larvae has yet to be elucidated. Studies were also made on the action of D. triquetrum leaf and extract on the development of fly larvae found in Nga-ngapi and Seinsa-ngapi. Extracts tested had no effect on the larvae but the leaf had a lethal effect. The relative proportions of different kinds of fly larvae found in Nga-ngapi and Seinsa-ngapi were studied. Four different kinds of fly larvae were found in batches of Nga-ngapi and Seinsa-ngapi tested viz. M. domestica (in comparatively very small numbers), a Borborid species, a calliphorid species and a species of Drosophila. The last three species of fly are a waiting identification. 2. Activation analysis of arsenic in ''Khun-hnit-par-shaung" Myanmar indigenous medicine. Than Dar Shwe. Thesis, MSc (Chemistry), University of Yangon, 1988. Gamma counter employing 'Bicron' scintillation counter was calibrated for study of 75AS (n, r) 76As reaction. Sources of errors related to gamma attenuation and neutron self-shielding effects were studied. Mass-activity relation for arsenic was determined by gamma counting technique and checked against by both nuclear and chemical methods. 'Khun-hnit-par-shaung' Myanmar indigenous medicine was formulated and the effects of various experimental parameters on medicinal formulations were investigated. 3. Activities of some medicinal plants on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with septic wound (Ana-pauk wound) attending Traditional Medicine Hospital, Yangon. Lwin Lwin Cho; Mar Mar Nyein; May Kyi Aung; Win Myint; Mi Mi Htwe; Hla Myint. Myanmar Health Res Congr, 2006: p18. Three medicinal plants: (Allium sativum-single clove garlic), leaves and seeds of Tama (Azadirachta indica) and Bizat (Eupatorium odoratum) leaves were selected to find out the antibacterial activity on 30 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Wound swabs and pus samples were collected from patients with septic wound attending Traditional Medicine Hospital, Yangon from January to August, 2005. All extracts of three medicinal plants and fresh juice of Bizat leaves showed no antibacterial activity on Stphylococcus aureus. Fresh garlic juice had significant batericidal action on all those isolates. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of fresh garlic juice on those isolates was in the range of 1.3% to 2% (v/v) by agar plate dilution method and minimum bactericidal concentration of fresh garlic juice was in the range of 1.3% to 5% (v/v) by tube dilution method. The findings of this study may be a scientific report for further development of a useful phytomedicine from garlic with specific antibacterial activity. 1 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE RESEARCH CARRIED OUT AT DMR (LM) DURING 1965‐2011 4. Activity of Traditional Medicine Formulations (TMF-6 & TMF-23). Mar Mar Nyein; Mi Mi Htwe. Myanmar Health Sci Res J. 2004; 16(1-3): p18-22. The Myanmar Traditional Medicine Formulations (TMF-6 & TMF-23) which are mainly used in diarrhea and dysentery by Myanmar practitioners were selected to determine the antibacterial properties.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In Chemistry, Glycosides Are Certain Molecules in Which a Sugar Part Is
    GLYCOSIDES Glycosides may be defined as the organic compounds from plants or animal sources, which on enzymatic or acid hydrolysis give one or more sugar moieties along with non- sugar moiety. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store important chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides; if these chemicals are needed, the glycosides are brought in contact with water and an enzyme, and the sugar part is broken off, making the chemical available for use. Many such plant glycosides are used as medications. In animals (including humans), poisons are often bound to sugar molecules in order to remove them from the body. Formally, a glycoside is any molecule in which a sugar group is bonded through its carbon atom to another group via an O-glycosidic bond or an S-glycosidic bond; glycosides involving the latter are also called thioglycosides. The sugar group is then known as the glycone and the non-sugar group as the aglycone or genin part of the glycoside. The glycone can consist of a single sugar group (monosaccharide) or several sugar groups (oligosaccharide). Classification Classification based on linkages Based on the linkage of sugar moiety to aglycone part 1. O-Glycoside:-Here the sugar is combined with alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl function of aglycone.eg:-digitalis. 2. N-glycosides:-Here nitrogen of amino group is condensed with a sugar ,eg- Nucleoside 3. S-glycoside:-Here sugar is combined with sulphur of aglycone,eg- isothiocyanate glycosides. 4. C-glycosides:-By condensation of a sugar with a cabon atom, eg-Cascaroside, aloin. Glycosides can be classified by the glycone, by the type of glycosidic bond, and by the aglycone.
    [Show full text]
  • Decolorization of Glycosides
    Europaisches Patentamt 0 338 151 European Patent Office v\) Publication number: A1 Office europeen des brevets EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION © Application number: 88303525.5 © int. Ci.4: C07H 15/04 @ Date of filing: 19.04.88 © Date of publication of application: © Applicant: HENKEL CORPORATION 25.10.89 Bulletin 89/43 300 Brookside Avenue Ambler Pennsylvania 19002(US) © Designated Contracting States: AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE @ Inventor: McDaniel, Robert S., Jr. 968 Montgomery Court Oecatur Illinois 62526(US) Inventor: McCurry, Patrick M. 3146 Lake Bluff Drive Decatur Illinois 62521 (US) Inventor: Short, Rolland W.P. 2657 Gregory Court Decatur Illinois 62526(US) Inventor: Glor, Paul R. 448 Ewing Avenue Decatur Illinois 62522(US) ©" Representative: Harle, Horst, Dr. et al c/o Henkel KGaA TFP/Patentabteilung Postfach 1100 Henkelstrasse 67 D-4000 Dusseldorf(DE) © Decolorization of glycosides. © Hydrogenation of a glycoside composition is ef- fected to reduce the color of the composition. < in CO Xerox Copy Centre EP0 338 151 A1 Decolonization of glycosides This patent deals with the decolorization of the average polysaccharide chain length exceeds glycosides which are useful as surfactants and for about 20. United States Patent 4,393,203 to Leslie other purposes. issued July 12, 1983 describes the treatment of Glycosides are known to have several uses glycosides with a wipe film evaporator to assist in including their incorporation into detergent products 5 color reduction. Rau in United States Patent as nonionic surfactants. Lower glycosides, that is 4,465,828 issued August 14, 1984 suggests using those materials having a short hydrophobic moiety hydroxy carboxylic acids to minimize color forma- attached to the saccharide backbone as later de- tion when preparing glycosides.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 5,641,480 Vermeer [45] Date of Patent: Jun
    US005641480A United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 5,641,480 Vermeer [45] Date of Patent: Jun. 24, 1997 [54] HAIR CARE COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING A New Family of Liquid Crystals: N-Substituted Aldona HETEROATOM CONTAINING ALKYL mides, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1986, vol. 135, pp. 93-110. ALDONAMIDE COMPOUNDS Molecular Packing and Hydrogen Bonding in the Crystal Structures of the N-(n-AlkyD-D-gluconarnide and the [75] Inventor: Robert Vermeer, Nutley, NJ. 1-Deoxy-(N-methyl-alkanamido)-D-glucitol Mesogens, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1990, vol. 185, PP - 209-213. [73] Assignee: Lever Brothers Company, Division of Conopco, Inc., New York, N.Y. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, vol. 198 (1991). Amphiphilic Properties of Synthetic Glycolipids Based on Amide Linkages, Zabel et al., Chemistry and Physics of [21] Appl. No.: 352,309 Lipids, 39 (1986) 313-327. [22] Filed: Dec. 8, 1994 Liquid-crystalline Behaviour in the N-alkyl Gluconamides and Other Related Carbohydrates, Pfanhemuller, Liquid [51] Int. (:1.6 ............................ .. A61K 7/07; A61K 7/075 Crystals, 1986, vol. 1, vol. 1, No. 4, 357-370. [52] US. Cl. ...................................... .. 424/7024; 424/701 Amphiphilic Properties of Synthetic Glycolipids Based in [58] Field of Search .............................. .. 424/701, 70.13, Amide Linkages, Makromol, Chem. 189, 2433-2442 424/7017, 70.24 (1988). [56] References Cited Molecular and Crystal Structures of N-(n-Heptyl)-and N-(n-DeCyD-D-GlycOnamide. Fahrnow et al., Carbohy U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS drate Research 176 (1988) 165-174). 2,662,073 12/1953 Mehltretter et a1. ................. .. 536/172 Supramolecular Assemblies of Diacetylenic Aldonarnids, 2,721,211 10/1955 Frankel et al., J.
    [Show full text]
  • Drugs Containing Carbohydrates and Derived Products 161
    Drugs Containing CHAPTER Carbohydrates and Derived Products 14 14.1. INTRODUCTION importance is the fact that sugars unites with a wide variety of other compounds to form glycosides and secondary Carbohydrates, as the name suggest, were defined as a metabolites. Mucilage, as found in marshmallow root and group of compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and psyllium seeds, act as water-retaining vehicles, where as oxygen in which the latter two elements are in the same gums and mucilage, which are similar in composition and proportion as in water and were expressed by a formula properties, are formed in the plant by injury or stress and (CH O) , that is, hydrates of carbon. 2 n usually appear as solidified exudates; both are typically The term ‘carbohydrates’ arose from the mistaken belief that substances of this kind were hydrates of carbon, composed of uronic acid and sugar units. The cell walls because the molecular formula of many substances could of the brown seaweeds and the middle lamellae of higher be expressed in the form C (H O) , for example, glucose plant tissues contain polysaccharides consisting almost X 2 Y entirely of uronic acid components. (C6 H12 O6), sucrose (C12 H22 O11), etc. In these examples, the hydrogen and oxygen are present in the same ratio Low molecular weight carbohydrates are crystalline, as in water. But this definition has certain drawbacks as soluble in water and sweet in taste, for example, glucose, given below: fructose, sucrose, etc. The high molecular weight carbo- It should be kept in mind that all organic compounds hydrates (polymers) are amorphous, tasteless and relatively containing hydrogen and oxygen in the proportion less soluble in water, for example, starch, cellulose, inulin, found in water are not carbohydrates.
    [Show full text]
  • Ep 3763419 A1
    (19) *EP003763419A1* (11) EP 3 763 419 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 13.01.2021 Bulletin 2021/02 A61P 3/10 (2006.01) A61K 31/155 (2006.01) A61P 9/00 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 20191580.8 (22) Date of filing: 06.01.2012 (84) Designated Contracting States: • JONES, Christopher R. G. AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB San Diego, ca California 92129 (US) GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO • BEELEY, Nigel R. A. PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR Solana Beach, ca California 92075 (US) • FINEMAN, Mark S. (30) Priority: 07.01.2011 US 201161430914 P San Diego, CA California 92130 (US) (62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in (74) Representative: Oetke, Cornelia accordance with Art. 76 EPC: Wallinger Ricker Schlotter Tostmann 12732408.5 / 2 661 266 Patent- und Rechtsanwälte Partnerschaft mbB Zweibrückenstraße 5-7 (71) Applicant: Anji Pharma (US) LLC 80331 München (DE) Boxford, MA 01921 (US) Remarks: (72) Inventors: This application was filed on 18-08-2020 as a • BARON, Alain D. divisional application to the application mentioned San Diego, ca California 92130 (US) under INID code 62. • BROWN, Martin R. Coronado, ca California 92118 (US) (54) CHEMOSENSORY RECEPTOR LIGAND-BASED THERAPIES (57) Provided herein are methods for treating condi- tions associated with a chemosensory receptor, includ- ing diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases, dis- orders or conditions by administrating a composition comprising a chemosensory receptor ligand, such as a bitter receptor ligand.
    [Show full text]
  • Dendrobine Inhibits -Irradiation-Induced Cancer Cell
    biomedicines Article Dendrobine Inhibits γ-Irradiation-Induced Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion and Metastasis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Ye-Ram Kim 1,†, Ah-Reum Han 1,† , Jin-Baek Kim 1 and Chan-Hun Jung 2,* 1 Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; [email protected] (Y.-R.K.); [email protected] (A.-R.H.); [email protected] (J.-B.K.) 2 Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeongu-si 54810, Jeolabuk-do, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-63-711-1026 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: The use of ionizing radiation (IR) during radiotherapy can induce malignant effects, such as metastasis, which contribute to poor prognoses in lung cancer patients. Here, we explored the ability of dendrobine, a plant-derived alkaloid from Dendrobium nobile, to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We employed Western blotting, quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR, transwell migration assays, and wound-healing assays to determine the effects of dendrobine on the migration and invasion of A549 lung cancer cells in vitro. Dendrobine (5 mm) in- hibited γ-irradiation-induced migration and invasion of A549 cells by suppressing sulfatase2 (SULF2) expression, thus inhibiting IR-induced signaling. To investigate the inhibitory effects of dendrobine in vivo, we established a mouse model of IR-induced metastasis by injecting BALB/c nude mice with Citation: Kim, Y.-R.; Han, A.-R.; Kim, γ-irradiated A549 cells via the tail vein. As expected, injection with γ-irradiated cells increased the J.-B.; Jung, C.-H.
    [Show full text]
  • David R. Curtis 171
    EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE Giovanni Berlucchi Mary B. Bunge Robert E. Burke Larry E Cahill Stanley Finger Bernice Grafstein Russell A. Johnson Ronald W. Oppenheim Thomas A. Woolsey (Chairperson) The History of Neuroscience in" Autob~ograp" by VOLUME 5 Edited by Larry R. Squire AMSTERDAM 9BOSTON 9HEIDELBERG 9LONDON NEW YORK 9OXFORD ~ PARIS 9SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO 9SINGAPORE 9SYDNEY 9TOKYO ELSEVIER Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Elsevier Academic Press 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA 84 Theobald's Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK This book is printed on acid-free paper. O Copyright 92006 by the Society for Neuroscience. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, E-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting "Support & Contact" then "Copyright and Permission" and then "Obtaining Permissions." Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2003 111249 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 13:978-0-12-370514-3 ISBN 10:0-12-370514-2 For all information on all Elsevier Academic Press publications visit our Web site at www.books.elsevier.com Printed in the United States of America 06 07 08 09 10 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com ] ww.bookaid.org ] www.sabre.org ER BOOK AID ,~StbFC" " " =LSEVI lnt .....
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction (Pdf)
    Dictionary of Natural Products on CD-ROM This introduction screen gives access to (a) a general introduction to the scope and content of DNP on CD-ROM, followed by (b) an extensive review of the different types of natural product and the way in which they are organised and categorised in DNP. You may access the section of your choice by clicking on the appropriate line below, or you may scroll through the text forwards or backwards from any point. Introduction to the DNP database page 3 Data presentation and organisation 3 Derivatives and variants 3 Chemical names and synonyms 4 CAS Registry Numbers 6 Diagrams 7 Stereochemical conventions 7 Molecular formula and molecular weight 8 Source 9 Importance/use 9 Type of Compound 9 Physical Data 9 Hazard and toxicity information 10 Bibliographic References 11 Journal abbreviations 12 Entry under review 12 Description of Natural Product Structures 13 Aliphatic natural products 15 Semiochemicals 15 Lipids 22 Polyketides 29 Carbohydrates 35 Oxygen heterocycles 44 Simple aromatic natural products 45 Benzofuranoids 48 Benzopyranoids 49 1 Flavonoids page 51 Tannins 60 Lignans 64 Polycyclic aromatic natural products 68 Terpenoids 72 Monoterpenoids 73 Sesquiterpenoids 77 Diterpenoids 101 Sesterterpenoids 118 Triterpenoids 121 Tetraterpenoids 131 Miscellaneous terpenoids 133 Meroterpenoids 133 Steroids 135 The sterols 140 Aminoacids and peptides 148 Aminoacids 148 Peptides 150 β-Lactams 151 Glycopeptides 153 Alkaloids 154 Alkaloids derived from ornithine 154 Alkaloids derived from lysine 156 Alkaloids
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Dendrobine Biosynthesis in Dendrobium Nobile Received: 13 September 2016 Accepted: 27 February 2017 Lindl
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Dendrobine Biosynthesis in Dendrobium nobile Received: 13 September 2016 Accepted: 27 February 2017 Lindl. Infected with Mycorrhizal Published: xx xx xxxx Fungus MF23 (Mycena sp.) Qing Li, Gang Ding, Biao Li & Shun-Xing Guo Content determination and microscopic observation proved that dendrobine accumulation in the stem of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. increased after infection with mycorrhizal fungus MF23 (Mycena sp.). Large-scale transcriptome sequencing of symbiotic and asymbiotic D. nobile revealed that 30 unigenes encoding proteins were possibly related to the biosynthesis of dendrobine sesquiterpene backbone. A qRT-PCR experiment of 16 unigenes, selected randomly, proved that there were significant changes in the expression levels of AACT, MVD, PMK and TPS21 at 9 weeks after inoculation. These results implied that MF23 might stimulate dendrobine biosynthesis by regulating the expressions of genes involved in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. The biogenetic pathway of dendrobine was suggested systematically according to the structural features of dendrobine alkaloids and their sesquiterpene precursors, which implied that post-modification enzymes might play a major role in dendrobine biosynthesis. Thus, genes encoding post-modification enzymes, including cytochrome P450, aminotransferase and methyltransferase, were screened for their possible involvement in dendrobine biosynthesis. This study provides a good example of endophytes promoting the formation of bioactive compounds in their host and paves the way for further investigation of the dendrobine biosynthetic pathway. The stem of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. (Orchidaceae) has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and as an herbal medicine in many Asian countries for hundreds of years with special pharmacological effects on gastritis, diabetes, cancer and ageing1–4.
    [Show full text]
  • Warwick.Ac.Uk/Lib-Publications
    A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/110506 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Enzymatic Synthesis of Glycosides and Oligosaccharides D.A. MacManus Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Chemistry University of Warwick September 1991. i Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor D.H.G. Crout for his consistent guidance, encouragement and tolerance throughout the course of this work. I would also like to thank Dr. J. Bosley and Dr. P. Critchley for their input to this work and all those at Colworth House for making the time I spent with them so enjoyable. Sincere thanks are due to my family for their kind support throughout my education. Finally, I would like to thank Stephen Shorthouse for his patience in typing this manuscript. The financial support of the SERC and Unilever Research is gratefully acknowledged. ii Declaration The work described in this thesis is the original work of the author except where acknowledgement is made to work and ideas previously described. It was carried out in the Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, and Colworth House, Unilever Research, between October 1987 and September 1990 and has not been submitted previously for a degree at any institution.
    [Show full text]
  • Chem. Pharm. Bull. 53(5) 457—470 (2005) 457 Review
    May 2005 Chem. Pharm. Bull. 53(5) 457—470 (2005) 457 Review Development of a Novel Synthetic Method for Ring Construction Using Organometallic Complexes and Its Application to the Total Syntheses of Natural Products1) Miwako MORI Health Sciences University of Hokkaido; Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061–0293, Japan. Received December 2, 2004 Organometallic complexes are useful tools in synthetic organic chemistry. We investigated a novel synthetic method for ring construction using organometallic complexes and synthesized natural products and biologically active substances using these methods. Metalacycles formed from an early transition metal and diene, enyne, and diyne are stable under the reaction conditions and they are easily converted into compounds with functional groups by the addition of various agents. We have developed a novel synthetic method of heterocycles from enyne ؎ ؎ ؊ and diene using Cp2ZrBu2. The total syntheses of ( )-dendrobine, ( )-mecembrane, and ( )-mecembrine were achieved using this procedure. To synthesize these natural products as a chiral form, a novel palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination was developed, and chiral 2-arylcyclohexenylamine derivatives were synthesized. -From these compounds, the total syntheses of (؊)-mesembrane, (؊)-mesembrine, (؉)-crinamine, (؊)-haeman -thidine, and (؉)-pretazetine were achieved. By further development of this procedure, a chiral 2-siloxymethylcy clohexenylamine derivative could be synthesized and the novel synthesis of indole derivatives was developed from .this compound. From this indole derivative, (؊)-tsubifoline and (؊)-strychnine were synthesized Key words organometallic complex; palladium catalyst; natural product synthesis; strychnine; mesembrine; zirconocene Organometallic complexes are useful tools in synthetic or- forded the cyclized compound 3 (Chart 1). ganic chemistry. In particular, they play an important role in Negishi et al.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Plants Affecting the Central Nervous System
    2 Plants Affecting the Central Nervous System GENERAL CONCEPT The use of plants to influence brain function has long been essential to medical practice, and one could say that the intake of new plant species by early hominids resulting from a change in the climate might have triggered the Mind’s Big Bang 50,000 years ago which allowed us to prevail over the Neanderthals, who co-existed with us for tens of thousands of years. With the arrival of Homo sapiens about 35,000 years ago, the first healers or shamans ingested or smoked mushrooms and plants in order to get into a trance and would men- tally “fly” to another level of reality, in which they could communicate with animal spirits tell the hunters where preys were likely to be found. Our early ancestors cultivated Valeriana (Valeriana officinalis L., Valerianaceae), hemp (Cannabis sativa L., Cannabinaceae), and opium (Papaver somniferum L.), the vestiges of which have been found in Croc-Magnon caves. Hippocrates mentions in the Corpus Hippocraticum three Solanaceae: Hyoscyamus niger (henbane), Atropa belladona L. (belladona), and Mandragora officinarum L. (mandrake), which were used later by witches to enter into delirium. The root of Mandragora officinarum L., with its human shape, played a prominent role in the European pharmacopeia of the Middle Ages, and had the reputation of being an aphrodisiac. From earliest times, curious beliefs about the Human-shaped roots grew up. The Greeks considered the roots as human dwarfs. Theophrastus mentioned that at his time, the collection of Mandrake was following curious rituals including dances and recitation of formulas.
    [Show full text]