DOCSLIB.ORG

Subject Index*

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

SUBJECT INDEX* Italicized configurational prefixes (as glycero-) are used as main entries, whereas other italicized prefixes (as scyllo-) are listed under the stem name. A Acetoacetic ester, 240 Absolute configuration, 15 synthesis of DL-mannitol, 250 Acacia species, 685, 510 reactions with sugars, 240 gum arabic, 685 Acetobacter species, Acetaldehyde, see also Ethylidene de- A. acetigenum, 708 rivatives, 235 cellulose synthesis, 708 Acetals, see also Alkylidene derivatives, A. suboxydans, 98, 133, 365 individual aldehydes and ke- action on inositols, 282 tones, individual sugars, and preparation of Anhydro sugars, 1,6-labeled ketoses, 136 acetal type, 227 planteobiose, 501 alkali labile, 390 A. xylinum, 98, 102, 132, 365 definition, 188 cellulose synthesis, 707 preparation, 157, 288 Acetohalogeno sugars, see O-Acetylgly- Acetamide derivatives, 408 cosyl halides; also Acetates and Acetates, see also Acetylation, Es- individual sugars ters, Esterification, Orthoace- Acetolysis, tates and individual compounds, anhydro compounds, 394 139 anhydro sugars, acetal type, 223 ΑΓ-acetyl groups méthylène groups, 232 hydrolysis, 650 polysaccharides, 702 resistance to alkali, 463 Acetone derivatives, see Isopropylidene acetyl migration, 147, 408 Acetylation, see also Acetates, Ortho- acyclic, 139, 142, 144 acetates, and individual com- aldehydo, 139, 142 pounds, 139 anomerization, 141, 483, 495 aminodeoxy sugars, 471 distinction between N- and O-acetyl anomeric ratio, conditions affecting, 140 as analytical procedure, 140 groups, 410 catalysts, 139, 140, 692 enhancement of rotation (alditols), 260 effect of pH on rate, 140 furanose, 141 glycosylamines, 408 keto, 139, 144 tautomers, 140 polysaccharides, 692 Acetylene, estimation of hydroxyl groups, 648 synthesis of alditols, 242, 244 preparation of aryl glycosides, 198 ethylidene compounds, 235 pyranose, 139 β-N- Acetylglucosaminidase, replacement of anomeric acetate alfalfa emulsin, 590 byhalide, see O-Acylglycosyl halides almond emulsin, 577 by nitrate, 169 O-Acetylglycosyl halides, 150 septanose, 146 formation of anhydro sugars, acetal Acetic acid, labeled, degradation, 624 type, 222 * Subject Index compiled by James Achromycin, 465 W. Pratt. Achroic point, 681 851 852 SUBJECT INDEX Achroic R-value, 681 synthesis, 151 Acids (mineral), see also 2-Furaldehyde, synthesis of, Levulinic acid, Anhydro sugars, 1,2-glycoseens, 402 acetal type, and individual glycosides, 197, 552 sugars aryl, 190 condensation (polymerization) reac- aryl, thio-, 555 tions, 59 glycosylamines, 416 dehydration reactions, 57 nucleosides, 429 glycoside formation, 59 oligosaccharides, 483 "reversion", 60 thiocyanates, 416 Acids, Organic, see also Aldonic, Aldaric, O-Acylglycosyl phosphates, 174 Uronic and individual acids Acyl halides (Aldonyl halides), 144, 309 peroxy acids, 360 reduction to aldehydo sugars, 144 oxidation of Adenine, 425 glycals, 400 nucleosides, 424 thioacetals, 360 Adenosine (D-Ribosyl-N-adenine), 84, Acofriose, 553 425 diphosphoric acid (ADP), 435 Acorn, 274 synthesis, 436 Acovenose, 553 triphosphoric acid (ATP), 435 a-Acritol (see DL-Mannitol), 250 high energy phosphate bonds, 749 Acrolein dibromide, 103 mixed anhydride formation, 436 a-Acrose, 104 sucrose synthesis (enzymic), 521 phenylosazone, 103 synthesis, 436 reduction, 250 Adenylic acid, 431 Acrylonitrile, Adhesives, 678 cyanoethylcellulose, 695 Adonis vernalis, 246 *'Active glycolaldehyde,,, 770 Adonitol, see Ribitol acceptors, 771 Aerobacillus macerans, 681 donors, 770 cyclic dextrine, 681 Acyclic sugars, see also aldehydo and Aerobacter species, keto sugars, 226 A. aerogenes, 620 O-Acylhalogeno sugars, see O-Acylgly- A. levanicum, 530 cosyl halides levan-sucrase, 706 Acyl migration, 175, 408 Agar, 88, 90, 685 O-Acylglycosyl fluorides, structure, 685 epimerization, 482 use, 686 O-Acylglycosyl halides, see also Ace- Agarobiose, 511 tates, Benzoates and individual Aglycon; aglycon group, 190 sugars, 150, 153 Alanine, N-D-glucosyl-, 447 acyclic, 157 Alcian Blue 8GS, histochemical use, 634 addition to anhydro sugars, 485 Aldaric acids, see also Tetraric, Pentaric, 2-deoxy, 401 etc., and individual acids, 3, furanose, 156 310-14 hydrolysis, 152 as intermediates, 314 ''neighboring group" effect, 153, 157 preparation of dialdoses, 335 reactions with, Aldazimes, 462 amino acids, 447 Aldehyde-ammonia structure (glycosyl- nitrogenous bases, 417 amines), 411 reduction, 383 aldehydo Sugars, relative stabilities, 151 O-acetyl, mutarotation, 145 substitution reactions, mechanism, 153 preparation, 144 SUBJECT INDEX 853 proof of structure, 54 Aldonate esters, 162 reaction with acyl halides, 157 Aldonic acids, 3, 301-310 Schiff reaction, 144 acyl chlorides, 309 Aldehydrols, O-acetyl, 703 reduction, 144 Alditoleens, 405 amides, 308 Alditols, see also individual compounds, 2-amino-2-deoxy, 3, 241-267 epimerization, 472 O-alkylation, 265 preparation, 472 aminodeoxy, 261, 409 as intermediates, 301 formation of anhydro derivatives, benzimidazole formation, 414 378 biosynthesis, 763 preparation, 475-6 characterization of sugars, 301 biochemistry, 266 2-deoxy, 401 biosynthesis, 763 epimerization, 302, 305 chromatography, 265 esterification, 308 "complexes", 262 hydrazides, 309 configuration, 258, 262 hydrolysis, 309 1-deoxy-l-nitro, 476 2-keto, 325 esterification, 261 acid decomposition, 327 etherification, 265 enolization, 326 nitrates, 261 Ruff degradation, 327 nutritional aspects, 796 synthesis, 326 occurrence, 241 5-keto, 325 optical activity, 258 acid decomposition, 327 in aqueous borax, 171 behavior toward oxidants, 326 in molybdate, molybdic acid, 259 synthesis, 326 oxidation, 264 quantitative estimation, 327 qualitative determination, 265 optical rotatory relationships and quantitative determination, 265 "rules", 306 reactions, 261-4 pharmaceutical use, 301 reduction, 265 phenylhydrazide formation, 415 synthesis, 241, 260 polymerization, 305 structure, 258 preparation, 302 use in structural determinations, 258 reactivity, influence of cations, 308 Aldobioronic acids, 318 reduction, 310 hydrolysis, 319 salts, 308 isolation, 319, 669 solubilities, 308 occurrence, 320 pseudo, 319 synthesis, total, 303 Aldolase, 183 thiol esters, reduction, 261 configurations of condensation prod- Aldonic lactones, 304 ucts, 759 epimerization, 305 general reaction, 758 equilibrium with corresponding acid, steric control, 114 304 Aldol condensation, 105, 759 hydrazides, 462 aldolase catalysis, 758 mutarotation, 303, 304 asymmetric catalysts, 114 reactions with alkalies, 308 D-glycerose with dihydroxy acetone, reducing action, 313 113 test for, 308 steric factors, 114 Aldononitriles, 464 854 SUBJECT INDEX Aldoses, see also Monosaccharides, Su- order of reactivity of hydroxyl groups, gars and individual compounds, 372 24 selective, 371 conversion to ketoses, see also Lobry C-Alkyl compounds, preparation, 117 de Bruyn-Alberda van Eken- O-Alkyl derivatives, see Ethers stein, Glycals, Osones, 134 Alkylidene derivatives, see also Ben- 2-deoxy, preparation, 400 zylidene, Ethylidene, Isopropyl- 6-deoxy, in cardiac glycosides, 553 idene, Méthylène and individual 2-deoxy-2-halogeno, osazone forma- compounds, 229-240 tion, 401 formation, 229 labeled (Cl), 135 in synthesis, 232 quantitative estimation, ring shifts, 230 chloride method, 346 ring size, 230 hypoiodite method, 343, 617 Alligator pear, 101 Kiliani reaction, 618 Allihn method (reducing sugars), 614 Alduronic acids, see Uronic acids Allitol, 252 Alfalfa emulsin, glycosidase system, 590 from D-glueose, 63 Algae, 99 total synthesis, 106 glycerol D-galactoside, 88 Allium species, 520 polysaccharides, 686 Allodulcitol, see Allitol Porphyr a umbilicalis, 94 D-Allose, 24 Algin, industrial use, 687 D-Allopyranoside, methyl, Alginic acid, 687 2,3-anhydro, 168 nutritional aspects, 799 3,4-anhydro, 168 structure, 687 Allyl alcohol, 105 Alizarin, 551 Allyl ethers, polymerization, 369 Alkali, action on, Allyl isothiocyanate, from sinigrin, 554 aryl glycosides, 221 Almond emulsin, 563, 575 polysaccharides, 653 effect of pH on activity, 576 nature of glycosidic linkages, effect on pentosides, 577 determination, 653 enzymes present, 577 sugars, 60-69 ß-glucosaminidase, 473 deep-seated rearrangements, 63 /3-glucuronidase, 596 dependence on cations, 65 hydrolysis of nucleic acids, 426 fragmentation and condensation, 65 preparation and purification, 575 internal oxidation-reduction, 65 Aloe barbadensis, 83 Aloins (cathartic-acting glycosides), 83 lactic acid production, 66 D-Altritol, see D-Talitol mutarotation, 55 D-aZiro-Heptulose (Sedoheptulose), 101, saccharinic acids, 66 259 effect of alkali concentration, 68 action of acid, 102 Alkali number (starch), 649 2,7-anhydro, 102,81 O-Alkylation, see also Methylation, and tetra-O-benzoyl, 81 Triphenylmethylation, 369 enzymic synthesis, 759 alkyl iodide-alkoxide method, in carbohydrate metabolism, 102 sodium, 370 in "pentose pathway", 183 silver, 370 in photosynthesis, 102 thallium, 371 labeled, degradation, 624 alkyl sulfate-alkali method, 369 occurrence, 102 formation of glycosides, 202 7-phosphate, 183 SUBJECT INDEX 855 hexose monophosphate shunt, 770 configuration, 449 metabolism, 771 Elson and Morgan procedure, 650 photochemical production, 753 glycosides, 472 1,7-diphosphate, 183, 772 hydrolysis, 472 preparation, 102 isolation, 469 D-Altrose, 24 nutritional aspects, 797 2-amino-2-deoxy, from D-glucal, 470 occurrence, 465 4-0-0-D-galactosyl, 482 preparation, 391, 468 4-0-0-D-glucosyl, 482 reactions, 471 methyl 2,6-anhydro-a-D-altroside, 375 with amino acids, 448 phenylosazone, 3,6-anhydro,
Recommended publications
  • The Use of Plants in the Traditional Management of Diabetes in Nigeria: Pharmacological and Toxicological Considerations

    The Use of Plants in the Traditional Management of Diabetes in Nigeria: Pharmacological and Toxicological Considerations

    Journal of Ethnopharmacology 155 (2014) 857–924 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Ethnopharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jep Review The use of plants in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria: Pharmacological and toxicological considerations Udoamaka F. Ezuruike n, Jose M. Prieto 1 Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: Ethnopharmacological relevance: The prevalence of diabetes is on a steady increase worldwide and it is Received 15 November 2013 now identified as one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century. In Nigeria, the use of Received in revised form herbal medicine alone or alongside prescription drugs for its management is quite common. We hereby 26 May 2014 carry out a review of medicinal plants traditionally used for diabetes management in Nigeria. Based on Accepted 26 May 2014 the available evidence on the species' pharmacology and safety, we highlight ways in which their Available online 12 June 2014 therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed for possible integration into the country's healthcare Keywords: system. Diabetes Materials and methods: Ethnobotanical information was obtained from a literature search of electronic Nigeria databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus up to 2013 for publications on medicinal plants Ethnopharmacology used in diabetes management, in which the place of use and/or sample collection was identified as Herb–drug interactions Nigeria. ‘Diabetes’ and ‘Nigeria’ were used as keywords for the primary searches; and then ‘Plant name – WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy accepted or synonyms’, ‘Constituents’, ‘Drug interaction’ and/or ‘Toxicity’ for the secondary searches.
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Approach for the Analysis of Major Legume Sprouts Coupled to Chemometrics

    Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Approach for the Analysis of Major Legume Sprouts Coupled to Chemometrics

    molecules Article Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Approach for the Analysis of Major Legume Sprouts Coupled to Chemometrics Mohamed A. Farag 1,2,* , Mohamed G. Sharaf El-Din 3, Mohamed A. Selim 1,4 , Asmaa I. Owis 5 , Sameh F. Abouzid 5, Andrea Porzel 6 , Ludger A. Wessjohann 6,* and Asmaa Otify 1 1 Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt; [email protected] (M.A.S.); [email protected] (A.O.) 2 Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt 3 Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt; [email protected] 4 Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science & Technology (MUST), 6th October City 12566, Egypt 5 Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt; [email protected] (A.I.O.); [email protected] (S.F.A.) 6 Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.A.F.); [email protected] (L.A.W.) Abstract: Legume sprouts are a fresh nutritive source of phytochemicals of increasing attention worldwide owing to their many health benefits. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was utilized for the metabolite fingerprinting of 4 major legume sprouts, belonging to family Fabaceae, to be exploited for quality control purposes. Thirty-two metabolites were identified belonging to different Citation: Farag, M.A.; Sharaf El-Din, classes, i.e., fatty acids, sugars, amino acids, nucleobases, organic acids, sterols, alkaloids, and M.G.; Selim, M.A.; Owis, A.I.; isoflavonoids.
  • Traditional Medicine

    Traditional Medicine

    MINISTRY OF HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL RESEARCH (LOWER MYANMAR) -4 rf,"d .1, l,.ifr M '\t $.,iJ+j AI{I{OTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRADITIOI{AL MEDTCII\E RESEARCH CARRTED OUT AT DMR (LM) nURIf{G 196s-2011 f# #a# €€# 6rdffi t u 6 l6'6 ktibilicetidiT \ &, ft Ministry of Health Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar) Central Biomedical Library ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE RESEARCH CARRIED OUT AT DMR (LM) DURING 1965-2011 Compiled by Cho Mar Oo BA (Economics); DipLibSc Librarian, Central Biomedical Library Staff of Central Biomedical Library May Aye Than MBBS, MMedSc (Pharmacology) Deputy Director & Head Pharmacology Research Division Staff of Pharmacology Research Division Aung Myo Min BSc (Physics); DipLibSc; RL Librarian & Head (Retd.) Central Biomedical Library Ye Htut MBBS, MSc (Medical Parasitology) (London) DLSHTM, FRCP (Edin) Deputy Director-General Myo Khin MBBS, MD (New South Wales), DCH, FRCP (Edin) Acting Director General PREFACE Throughout recorded history, people of various cultures have relied on traditional medicine. Worldwide, only an estimated ten to thirty percent of human health care is delivered by conventional, biomedically oriented practitioners. The remaining seventy to ninety percent ranges from self-care according to folk principles, to care given in an organized health care system based on traditional medicine. Likewise, in Myanmar health care system, the existence of traditional medicine along with allopathic medicines is well recognized. Myanmar traditional medicine dates back 2,000 years and is well accepted and widely used by the people throughout history. Burma Medical Research Institute since it was established in 1963 had started a program of research on traditional medicinal plants including laboratory screening tests on animal models of herbs with reputed pharmacological properties-such as anti-dysentery, bronchodilator, hypoglycemic effects.
  • In Chemistry, Glycosides Are Certain Molecules in Which a Sugar Part Is

    In Chemistry, Glycosides Are Certain Molecules in Which a Sugar Part Is

    GLYCOSIDES Glycosides may be defined as the organic compounds from plants or animal sources, which on enzymatic or acid hydrolysis give one or more sugar moieties along with non- sugar moiety. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store important chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides; if these chemicals are needed, the glycosides are brought in contact with water and an enzyme, and the sugar part is broken off, making the chemical available for use. Many such plant glycosides are used as medications. In animals (including humans), poisons are often bound to sugar molecules in order to remove them from the body. Formally, a glycoside is any molecule in which a sugar group is bonded through its carbon atom to another group via an O-glycosidic bond or an S-glycosidic bond; glycosides involving the latter are also called thioglycosides. The sugar group is then known as the glycone and the non-sugar group as the aglycone or genin part of the glycoside. The glycone can consist of a single sugar group (monosaccharide) or several sugar groups (oligosaccharide). Classification Classification based on linkages Based on the linkage of sugar moiety to aglycone part 1. O-Glycoside:-Here the sugar is combined with alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl function of aglycone.eg:-digitalis. 2. N-glycosides:-Here nitrogen of amino group is condensed with a sugar ,eg- Nucleoside 3. S-glycoside:-Here sugar is combined with sulphur of aglycone,eg- isothiocyanate glycosides. 4. C-glycosides:-By condensation of a sugar with a cabon atom, eg-Cascaroside, aloin. Glycosides can be classified by the glycone, by the type of glycosidic bond, and by the aglycone.
  • Substantial Depletion of Vicine, Levodopa, and Tyramine in a Fava Bean Protein-Based Nutritional Product

    Substantial Depletion of Vicine, Levodopa, and Tyramine in a Fava Bean Protein-Based Nutritional Product

    Hindawi International Journal of Food Science Volume 2021, Article ID 6669544, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6669544 Research Article Substantial Depletion of Vicine, Levodopa, and Tyramine in a Fava Bean Protein-Based Nutritional Product Paul W. Johns and Steven R. Hertzler Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Nutrition Division, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH, USA 43219 Correspondence should be addressed to Paul W. Johns; [email protected] Received 5 November 2020; Revised 1 January 2021; Accepted 16 January 2021; Published 30 January 2021 Academic Editor: Chaowalit Monton Copyright © 2021 Paul W. Johns and Steven R. Hertzler. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A commercial fava bean protein isolate and a liquid nutritional product formulated with it were tested by validated HPLC methods for the favism-associated pyrimidine glycoside vicine, the dopamine precursor levodopa, and the biogenic amine tyramine. The vicine, levodopa, and tyramine concentrations in the protein isolate—306, 13.3, and <0.5 mg/kg, respectively—when expressed on a protein basis—34, 1.5, and <0.06 mg/100 g protein, respectively—were at least 96% lower than the vicine, levodopa, and tyramine (protein-based) concentrations reported for fava beans (≥900, ~200, and ~4 mg/100 g protein, respectively). This was also true for the vicine (13 mg/kg or 22 mg/100 g protein), levodopa (≤0.17 mg/kg or ≤0.3 mg/100 g protein), and tyramine (0.08 mg/kg or 0.14 mg/100 g protein) concentrations in the nutritional product.
  • Decolorization of Glycosides

    Decolorization of Glycosides

    Europaisches Patentamt 0 338 151 European Patent Office v\) Publication number: A1 Office europeen des brevets EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION © Application number: 88303525.5 © int. Ci.4: C07H 15/04 @ Date of filing: 19.04.88 © Date of publication of application: © Applicant: HENKEL CORPORATION 25.10.89 Bulletin 89/43 300 Brookside Avenue Ambler Pennsylvania 19002(US) © Designated Contracting States: AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE @ Inventor: McDaniel, Robert S., Jr. 968 Montgomery Court Oecatur Illinois 62526(US) Inventor: McCurry, Patrick M. 3146 Lake Bluff Drive Decatur Illinois 62521 (US) Inventor: Short, Rolland W.P. 2657 Gregory Court Decatur Illinois 62526(US) Inventor: Glor, Paul R. 448 Ewing Avenue Decatur Illinois 62522(US) ©" Representative: Harle, Horst, Dr. et al c/o Henkel KGaA TFP/Patentabteilung Postfach 1100 Henkelstrasse 67 D-4000 Dusseldorf(DE) © Decolorization of glycosides. © Hydrogenation of a glycoside composition is ef- fected to reduce the color of the composition. < in CO Xerox Copy Centre EP0 338 151 A1 Decolonization of glycosides This patent deals with the decolorization of the average polysaccharide chain length exceeds glycosides which are useful as surfactants and for about 20. United States Patent 4,393,203 to Leslie other purposes. issued July 12, 1983 describes the treatment of Glycosides are known to have several uses glycosides with a wipe film evaporator to assist in including their incorporation into detergent products 5 color reduction. Rau in United States Patent as nonionic surfactants. Lower glycosides, that is 4,465,828 issued August 14, 1984 suggests using those materials having a short hydrophobic moiety hydroxy carboxylic acids to minimize color forma- attached to the saccharide backbone as later de- tion when preparing glycosides.
  • United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 5,641,480 Vermeer [45] Date of Patent: Jun

    United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 5,641,480 Vermeer [45] Date of Patent: Jun

    US005641480A United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 5,641,480 Vermeer [45] Date of Patent: Jun. 24, 1997 [54] HAIR CARE COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING A New Family of Liquid Crystals: N-Substituted Aldona HETEROATOM CONTAINING ALKYL mides, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1986, vol. 135, pp. 93-110. ALDONAMIDE COMPOUNDS Molecular Packing and Hydrogen Bonding in the Crystal Structures of the N-(n-AlkyD-D-gluconarnide and the [75] Inventor: Robert Vermeer, Nutley, NJ. 1-Deoxy-(N-methyl-alkanamido)-D-glucitol Mesogens, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1990, vol. 185, PP - 209-213. [73] Assignee: Lever Brothers Company, Division of Conopco, Inc., New York, N.Y. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, vol. 198 (1991). Amphiphilic Properties of Synthetic Glycolipids Based on Amide Linkages, Zabel et al., Chemistry and Physics of [21] Appl. No.: 352,309 Lipids, 39 (1986) 313-327. [22] Filed: Dec. 8, 1994 Liquid-crystalline Behaviour in the N-alkyl Gluconamides and Other Related Carbohydrates, Pfanhemuller, Liquid [51] Int. (:1.6 ............................ .. A61K 7/07; A61K 7/075 Crystals, 1986, vol. 1, vol. 1, No. 4, 357-370. [52] US. Cl. ...................................... .. 424/7024; 424/701 Amphiphilic Properties of Synthetic Glycolipids Based in [58] Field of Search .............................. .. 424/701, 70.13, Amide Linkages, Makromol, Chem. 189, 2433-2442 424/7017, 70.24 (1988). [56] References Cited Molecular and Crystal Structures of N-(n-Heptyl)-and N-(n-DeCyD-D-GlycOnamide. Fahrnow et al., Carbohy U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS drate Research 176 (1988) 165-174). 2,662,073 12/1953 Mehltretter et a1. ................. .. 536/172 Supramolecular Assemblies of Diacetylenic Aldonarnids, 2,721,211 10/1955 Frankel et al., J.
  • Drugs Containing Carbohydrates and Derived Products 161

    Drugs Containing Carbohydrates and Derived Products 161

    Drugs Containing CHAPTER Carbohydrates and Derived Products 14 14.1. INTRODUCTION importance is the fact that sugars unites with a wide variety of other compounds to form glycosides and secondary Carbohydrates, as the name suggest, were defined as a metabolites. Mucilage, as found in marshmallow root and group of compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and psyllium seeds, act as water-retaining vehicles, where as oxygen in which the latter two elements are in the same gums and mucilage, which are similar in composition and proportion as in water and were expressed by a formula properties, are formed in the plant by injury or stress and (CH O) , that is, hydrates of carbon. 2 n usually appear as solidified exudates; both are typically The term ‘carbohydrates’ arose from the mistaken belief that substances of this kind were hydrates of carbon, composed of uronic acid and sugar units. The cell walls because the molecular formula of many substances could of the brown seaweeds and the middle lamellae of higher be expressed in the form C (H O) , for example, glucose plant tissues contain polysaccharides consisting almost X 2 Y entirely of uronic acid components. (C6 H12 O6), sucrose (C12 H22 O11), etc. In these examples, the hydrogen and oxygen are present in the same ratio Low molecular weight carbohydrates are crystalline, as in water. But this definition has certain drawbacks as soluble in water and sweet in taste, for example, glucose, given below: fructose, sucrose, etc. The high molecular weight carbo- It should be kept in mind that all organic compounds hydrates (polymers) are amorphous, tasteless and relatively containing hydrogen and oxygen in the proportion less soluble in water, for example, starch, cellulose, inulin, found in water are not carbohydrates.
  • Ep 3763419 A1

    Ep 3763419 A1

    (19) *EP003763419A1* (11) EP 3 763 419 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 13.01.2021 Bulletin 2021/02 A61P 3/10 (2006.01) A61K 31/155 (2006.01) A61P 9/00 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 20191580.8 (22) Date of filing: 06.01.2012 (84) Designated Contracting States: • JONES, Christopher R. G. AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB San Diego, ca California 92129 (US) GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO • BEELEY, Nigel R. A. PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR Solana Beach, ca California 92075 (US) • FINEMAN, Mark S. (30) Priority: 07.01.2011 US 201161430914 P San Diego, CA California 92130 (US) (62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in (74) Representative: Oetke, Cornelia accordance with Art. 76 EPC: Wallinger Ricker Schlotter Tostmann 12732408.5 / 2 661 266 Patent- und Rechtsanwälte Partnerschaft mbB Zweibrückenstraße 5-7 (71) Applicant: Anji Pharma (US) LLC 80331 München (DE) Boxford, MA 01921 (US) Remarks: (72) Inventors: This application was filed on 18-08-2020 as a • BARON, Alain D. divisional application to the application mentioned San Diego, ca California 92130 (US) under INID code 62. • BROWN, Martin R. Coronado, ca California 92118 (US) (54) CHEMOSENSORY RECEPTOR LIGAND-BASED THERAPIES (57) Provided herein are methods for treating condi- tions associated with a chemosensory receptor, includ- ing diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases, dis- orders or conditions by administrating a composition comprising a chemosensory receptor ligand, such as a bitter receptor ligand.
  • Degradation of Vicine, Convicine and Their Aglycones During Fermentation of Faba Bean Flour

    Degradation of Vicine, Convicine and Their Aglycones During Fermentation of Faba Bean Flour

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Degradation of vicine, convicine and their aglycones during fermentation of faba bean flour Received: 07 March 2016 Carlo Giuseppe Rizzello1, Ilario Losito2,3, Laura Facchini2, Kati Katina4, Accepted: 08 August 2016 Francesco Palmisano2,3, Marco Gobbetti1 & Rossana Coda4 Published: 31 August 2016 In spite of its positive repercussions on nutrition and environment, faba bean still remains an underutilized crop due to the presence of some undesired compounds. The pyrimidine glycosides vicine and convicine are precursors of the aglycones divicine and isouramil, the main factors of favism, a genetic condition which may lead to severe hemolysis after faba bean ingestion. The reduction of vicine and convicine has been targeted in several studies but little is known about their degradation. In this study, the hydrolysis kinetics of vicine and convicine and their derivatives during fermentation with L. plantarum DPPMAB24W was investigated. In particular, a specific HPLC method coupled to ESI-MS and MS/MS analysis, including the evaluation procedure of the results, was set up as the analytical approach to monitor the compounds. The degradation of the pyrimidine glycosides in the fermented flour was complete after 48 h of incubation and the aglycone derivatives could not be detected in any of the samples. The toxicity of the fermented faba bean was established through ex-vivo assays on human blood, confirming the experimental findings. Results indicate that mild and cost effective bioprocessing techniques can be applied to detoxify faba bean also for industrial applications. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a leguminous plant belonging to the Fabaceae family, able to grow in different cli- mates1.
  • MOLECULAR BASIS of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY in CAPE COAST, GHANA by Dan Osei Mensah Bonsu, B.Sc. Human Biolo

    MOLECULAR BASIS of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY in CAPE COAST, GHANA by Dan Osei Mensah Bonsu, B.Sc. Human Biolo

    MOLECULAR BASIS OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY IN CAPE COAST, GHANA by Dan Osei Mensah Bonsu, B.Sc. Human Biology (Hons) A thesis submitted to the Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology College of Science February, 2013 MOLECULAR BASIS OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY IN CAPE COAST, GHANA February, 2013 DECLARATION I hereby declare that except for references to other people’s work, which have been duly acknowledged, this thesis is the result of my own research. Neither all nor parts of this thesis have been presented for another degree elsewhere. DAN OSEI MENSAH BONSU (M.Sc. CANDIDATE) SIGNATURE DATE DR. FAREED K. N. ARTHUR (SUPERVISOR) SIGNATURE DATE DR. PETER TWUMASI (SUPERVISOR) SIGNATURE DATE PROF. (MRS) IBOK ODURO (HEAD OF DEPARTMENT) SIGNATURE DATE i ABSTRACT Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a cytoplasmic enzyme that is essential for a cell’s capacity to withstand oxidant stress. G6PD-deficiency is the commonest enzymopathy of humans with a worldwide distribution. The geographical correlation of its distribution with the historical endemicity of malaria suggests that the defect has risen in frequency through natural selection by malaria. This study was carried out to ascertain the molecular basis of G6PD-deficiency in Cape Coast in the Central Region of Ghana. Two hundred (200) unrelated persons (82 males and 118 females), all visiting the Out Patients Department (OPD) of the Central Regional Hospital, Cape Coast, were screened for G6PD-deficiency using the methaemoglobin reduction test.
  • Occurrence of Vicine and Convicine in Faba Bean and Their Removal by Hydrolysis

    Occurrence of Vicine and Convicine in Faba Bean and Their Removal by Hydrolysis

    Helsingin yliopisto Elintarvike- ja ravitsemustieteiden osasto University of Helsinki Department of Food and Nutrition EKT-sarja 1885 EKT-series 1885 Occurrence of vicine and convicine in faba bean and their removal by hydrolysis Marjo Pulkkinen ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, for public examination in lecture hall B3, Viikki, on June 7th 2019, at 12 noon. Helsinki 2019 Custos: Professor Vieno Piironen Department of Food and Nutrition University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Supervisors: Professor Vieno Piironen Department of Food and Nutrition University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Docent Anna-Maija Lampi Department of Food and Nutrition University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Reviewers: Dr Juana Frías Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, The Spanish National Research Council (ICTAN-CSIC) Madrid, Spain Principal scientist, Dr Anne Pihlanto Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Jokioinen, Finland Opponent: Associate professor Michael Murkovic Institute of Biochemistry Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria ISBN 978-951-51-5270-1 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-5271-8 (PDF; http://ethesis.helsinki.fi) ISSN 0355-1180 Unigrafia Helsinki 2019 Abstract Legumes are a sustainable source of plant protein, and their production could be increased in Europe. The use of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is limited in part due to the presence of the pyrimidine glycosides vicine and convicine. Vicine and convicine, and particularly their aglycones, can cause a form of haemolytic anaemia called favism in individuals who have genetic deficiency in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme. Different processing methods have reduced the vicine and convicine contents to varying levels, but the formation of the aglycones have not been studied.