The Role of Shared Historical Memory in Israeli and Polish Education Systems. Issues and Trends
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On the Threshold of the Holocaust: Anti-Jewish Riots and Pogroms In
Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 11 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Szarota Tomasz On the Threshold of the Holocaust In the early months of the German occu- volume describes various characters On the Threshold pation during WWII, many of Europe’s and their stories, revealing some striking major cities witnessed anti-Jewish riots, similarities and telling differences, while anti-Semitic incidents, and even pogroms raising tantalising questions. of the Holocaust carried out by the local population. Who took part in these excesses, and what was their attitude towards the Germans? The Author Anti-Jewish Riots and Pogroms Were they guided or spontaneous? What Tomasz Szarota is Professor at the Insti- part did the Germans play in these events tute of History of the Polish Academy in Occupied Europe and how did they manipulate them for of Sciences and serves on the Advisory their own benefit? Delving into the source Board of the Museum of the Second Warsaw – Paris – The Hague – material for Warsaw, Paris, The Hague, World War in Gda´nsk. His special interest Amsterdam, Antwerp, and Kaunas, this comprises WWII, Nazi-occupied Poland, Amsterdam – Antwerp – Kaunas study is the first to take a comparative the resistance movement, and life in look at these questions. Looking closely Warsaw and other European cities under at events many would like to forget, the the German occupation. On the the Threshold of Holocaust ISBN 978-3-631-64048-7 GEP 11_264048_Szarota_AK_A5HC PLE edition new.indd 1 31.08.15 10:52 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 11 Geschichte - Erinnerung – Politik 11 Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Tomasz Szarota Szarota Tomasz On the Threshold of the Holocaust In the early months of the German occu- volume describes various characters On the Threshold pation during WWII, many of Europe’s and their stories, revealing some striking major cities witnessed anti-Jewish riots, similarities and telling differences, while anti-Semitic incidents, and even pogroms raising tantalising questions. -
Peregrination in the Age of the Numerus Clausus: Hungarian
DOI: 10.14754/CEU.2019.10 PEREGRINATION IN THE AGE OF THE NUMERUS CLAUSUS: HUNGARIAN JEWISH STUDENTS IN INTERWAR EUROPE Ágnes Katalin Kelemen A DISSERTATION In History Presented to the Faculties of the Central European University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Budapest, Hungary 2019 Supervisors Victor Karády CEU eTD Collection Michael Laurence Miller DOI: 10.14754/CEU.2019.10 Copyright in the text of this dissertation rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European University Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. I hereby declare that this dissertation contains no materials accepted for any other degrees in any other institutions and no materials previously written and/or published by another person unless otherwise noted. CEU eTD Collection II DOI: 10.14754/CEU.2019.10 Abstract This dissertation investigates the dynamics between academic antisemitism, Jewish social mobility and Jewish migration through the case study of the “numerus clausus exiles” – as Jewish students who left interwar Hungary due to the antisemitic numerus clausus law (Law XXV of 1920) were called by contemporaries and historians. After a conceptual and historiographic introduction in the first chapter embedding this work in the contexts of Jewish studies, social history and exile studies; interwar Hungarian Jewish peregrination is examined from four different aspects in four chapters based on four different types of sources. -
The Judgment of “Privileged” Jews in the Work of Raul Hilberg R
CHAPTER 2 THE JUDGMENT OF “PRIVILEGED” JEWS IN THE WORK OF RAUL HILBERG R To a Jew this role of the Jewish leaders in the destruction of their own peo- ple is undoubtedly the darkest chapter of the whole dark story. It had been known about before, but it has now been exposed for the fi rst time in all its pathetic and sordid detail by Raul Hilberg. —Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil The limit of judgment in relation to “privileged” Jews is crucially im- portant to a consideration of Hilberg’s work, the widespread impact of which cannot be underestimated. His seminal study, The Destruction of the European Jews, has been praised by many as “the single most important work on the Holocaust,” and Hilberg himself has been char- acterized as “the single most important historian” in the fi eld.1 Fur- thermore, the above epigraph makes clear that Arendt’s controversial arguments regarding Jewish leaders (see the introduction) drew heav- ily on Hilberg’s pioneering work. This chapter investigates the part of Hilberg’s work that deals with “privileged” Jews, in order to provide a thematic analysis of the means by which Hilberg passes his overwhelm- ingly negative judgments on this group of Holocaust victims. Hilberg’s judgments are conveyed in diverse ways due to the eclec - tic nature of his publications, in which the subject of the Judenräte— which has received considerable attention in Holocaust historiography— This open access library edition is supported by Knowledge Unlatched. Not for resale. The Judgment of “Privileged” Jews in the Work of Raul Hilberg 77 makes frequent appearances. -
1 University of Haifa Weiss-Livnat International MA Program in Holocaust Studies Online Course: the Extermination of Polish
University of Haifa Weiss-Livnat International MA Program in Holocaust Studies Online course: The Extermination of Polish Jews, 1939-1945 Prof. Jan Grabowski [email protected] In 1939, there were 3.3 million Jews in Poland, or about 10% of the total population of the Polish Republic. Polish Jews formed the largest Jewish community in Europe. In 1945, six years later, no more than 50,000 Jews remained alive in Poland. Almost 98.5% of Polish Jewry (excluding the 300.000 who fled the Germans and survived in the Soviet Union) have perished in the Holocaust. A nation rich in history, with its own traditions and language ceased to exist. On September 1st, 1939, the German forces invaded Poland and – before the end of the month – completed the conquest of the country. The course will focus on the initial German policies directed against the Jews and, at the same time, it shall follow the reactions of the Jewish community in the face of new existential threats. The lectures will shed light on the creation of the ghettos, on the strategy of the Jewish leadership and on the plight of the Jewish masses. The course will explore the growing German terror and the implementation of the “Final Solution of the Jewish Question”- as Germans referred to the policies of mass extermination. The students will become familiar with the planning and the execution of the so-called “Aktion Reinhard”, as well as with the survival strategies pursued later by the Jews who avoided the 1942-43 deportations to the extermination camps. While learning about German perpetrators and Jewish victims, the students will also explore the attitudes of the Polish society and the Polish Catholic Church to the persecuted Jews. -
Louis Rosenberg and the Origins of the Socio-Demographic Study of Jews in Canada
Louis Rosenberg and the Origins of the Socio-Demographic Study of Jews in Canada Morton Wemfeld. * Louis Rosenberg's Canada's Jews: A Social and Economic Study of the Jews in Canada, published in 1939, was a pioneering if unfortunately neglected classic of Canadian ethnic demography and sociology. Its republication in a new edition in 1993, by McGill-Queen's Press, has particular relevance for the community of social scientists devoted to the study of Diaspora Jewish communities, using socio demographic data. Canada's Jews has persisting value as a superb quantitative social history of Canadian Jews in the 1930s. It also is in many ways an unmatched prototype of a study of the ethnic demography of any Canadian minority group. Louis Rosenberg's work was a product of his personal biography, the current socio-political context, and the customs and norms of his discipline. This is the case for those carrying on his work. What follows is a brief and far from exhaustive treatment of the man, the times, and the work. The Man Louis Rosenberg was born in Gonenz, Poland, in 1893. His family was shaped by traditional and secular elements of Jewish culture in Eastern Europe at the turn of the century. When he was three his parents emigrated to England from Lithuania, settling in Leeds, Yorkshire, which had at the time an estimated 12,000 Jews. (Rosenberg, 1968). While his parents spoke Yiddish at home, Rosenberg's language of choice was English; he learned to speak Yiddish fluently only after arriving in Canada. Rosenberg graduated from elementary school in Leeds, won a scholarship for secondary school, and later a scholarship tenable at Leeds University. -
Hungary and the Holocaust Confrontation with the Past
UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES Hungary and the Holocaust Confrontation with the Past Symposium Proceedings W A S H I N G T O N , D. C. Hungary and the Holocaust Confrontation with the Past Symposium Proceedings CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM 2001 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council or of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Third printing, March 2004 Copyright © 2001 by Rabbi Laszlo Berkowits, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2001 by Randolph L. Braham, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2001 by Tim Cole, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2001 by István Deák, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2001 by Eva Hevesi Ehrlich, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2001 by Charles Fenyvesi; Copyright © 2001 by Paul Hanebrink, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2001 by Albert Lichtmann, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2001 by George S. Pick, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum In Charles Fenyvesi's contribution “The World that Was Lost,” four stanzas from Czeslaw Milosz's poem “Dedication” are reprinted with the permission of the author. Contents -
How the Jewish Police in the Kovno Ghetto Saw Itself by Dov Levin
How the Jewish Police in the Kovno Ghetto Saw Itself by Dov Levin This article represents the first English-language publication of selections from a unique document written in Yiddish by the Jewish police of the Kovno (Kaunas) ghetto in Lithuania. The introduction describes briefly the history of the Kovno ghetto and sheds light on the document’s main elements; above all, those involving the Jewish police in the ghetto. As the historiography of the Holocaust includes extensive research, eyewitness accounts, photographs, and documents of all kinds, this introduction is intended to provide background material only, as an aid in the reading of the following excerpts. The document was composed over many months at the height of the Holocaust period in the Kovno ghetto. It focuses primarily on the key sector of the ghetto’s internal authority – the Jewish police. The official name of the police was Jüdische Ghetto-Polizei in Wiliampole (“Jewish Ghetto Police in Vilijampole”), and, in the nature of things, since the Holocaust, this body has become practically synonymous with collaboration with the occupying forces. Ostensibly a chronicle of police activities during the ghetto period, the document in fact reflects an attempt by the Jewish police at self-examination and substantive commentary as the events unfolded. The History of the Ghetto1 On June 24, 1941, the third day of the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany, Kovno (Kaunas), Lithuania’s second largest city, famed as an important cultural and spiritual center, was occupied. Kovno had a distinguished name in the Jewish world primarily because of the Knesset 1 The primary sources for this chapter are: Leib Garfunkel, The Destruction of Kovno’s Jewry (Hebrew) (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1959); Josef Gar, The Destruction of Jewish Kovno (Yiddish) (Munich: Association of Lithuanian Jews in the American Zone in Germany, 1948); Josef Rosin, “Kovno,” Pinkas Hakehillot: Encyclopedia of Jewish Communities – Lithuania (Hebrew), Dov Levin, ed. -
Gazeta Volume 28, No. 1 Winter 2021
Volume 28, No. 1 Gazeta Winter 2021 Orchestra from an orphanage led by Janusz Korczak (pictured center) and Stefania Wilczyńska. Warsaw, 1923. Courtesy of the Emanuel Ringelblum Jewish Historical Institute. Used with permission A quarterly publication of the American Association for Polish-Jewish Studies and Taube Foundation for Jewish Life & Culture Editorial & Design: Tressa Berman, Daniel Blokh, Fay Bussgang, Julian Bussgang, Shana Penn, Antony Polonsky, Aleksandra Sajdak, William Zeisel, LaserCom Design, and Taube Center for Jewish Life and Learning. CONTENTS Message from Irene Pipes ............................................................................................... 4 Message from Tad Taube and Shana Penn ................................................................... 5 FEATURE ARTICLES Paweł Śpiewak: “Do Not Close the Experience in a Time Capsule” ............................ 6 From Behind the Camera: Polish Jewish Narratives Agnieszka Holland and Roberta Grossman in Conversation ................................... 11 EXHIBITIONS When Memory Speaks: Ten Polish Cities/Ten Jewish Stories at the Galicia Jewish Museum Edward Serrota .................................................................................................................... 15 Traces of Memory in Japan ............................................................................................ 19 Where Art Thou? Gen 3:9 at the Jewish Historical Institute ........................................ 20 REPORTS Libel Action Against Barbara Engelking -
1 `Anna Di Robilant Property and Deliberation. the Numerus Clausus
`Anna di Robilant Property and Deliberation. The Numerus Clausus Principle, New Property Forms and New Property Values. draft Introduction The numerus clausus principle means that property law recognizes only a limited menu of mandatory forms. In the United States, first year law students spend significant time mastering the limited menu of estates in land. In France or in Italy, every first year student learns that the “real rights” are ownership, emphyteusis, superficies, real servitudes, the right of usufruct, the right of use and the right of habitation. The numerus clausus principle exists in both the civil law and the common law, but, comparative law scholars warn, its nature and scope differ. In the civil law, the numerus clausus is a rigid rule with a long historical pedigree. It has structured the property system since Roman law. It is either explicitly stated or implied in the civil code. The menu of recognized forms is a relatively short one, comprising less than ten items. It is also significantly stable, with few variations from Justinian to the present. By contrast, in the common law, the numerus clausus has attracted the attention of property scholars only recently. It is a more flexible rule of judicial self-governance. The menu is a richer one, comprising forms, such as the trust, that civil law scholars have long envied. The fact that the numerus clausus is a near universal feature of property systems has not made it less puzzling to private law scholars. Isn’t private law’s very function to provide individuals with flexible legal devices that allow them to reach any desired economic outcome?1 If flexibility and customization are what private law promises, then why do virtually all modern legal systems provide a restricted list of recognized forms? In recent years, property experts have proposed a variety of possible explanations for the numerus clausus principle. -
One Thousand Years of the Polish Jewish Experience
PREPARED BY One Thousand Years of the Polish Jewish Experience I. Jewish Settlement: 10th – 15th centuries 960-965 A Jewish merchant from Spain, Ibrahim IbnYaqub (Abraham benYaakov), travels to Arthur Szyk,“Visual History th th of Poland,” NewYork,1946.” Poland and writes the first description of the country. During the 10 and 11 centuries, Jewish merchants and artisans settle in Poland, where they are granted asylum from the persecution of the Crusades. First Jewish merchants referred to as Radhanites. 1097-1098 Jews banished from Prague, Bohemia and Germany settle in Silesia. 1100s Post-crusade migrations continue to Poland 1206 First Polish coins minted, with Hebrew inscriptions 1264 Statute of Kalisz issued by Boleslaus the Pious, Duke of Kalisz.The Statute establishes The General Charter of Jewish Liberties in Poland, which becomes a legal foundation of Jewish presence in Poland. 1273-1295 Statute of Kalisz privileges Turn of the 13th and 14th centuries marks the extended to Silesian Jews. end of feudal disintegration in Poland. New Polish 1267 Catholic backlash creates segregated rulers encourage Jewish migration to Poland. Jewish quarters through the Council of The 14th century also saw anti-Jewish riots in Silesia, which reached a climax during the Black Arthur Szyk,“Samuel Wroclaw, Jews ordered to wear special Anointing Saul,” New emblems, and banned them from holding Death, for which Jews were falsely blamed. Canaan, 1947. public offices higher than Christians. 1349 Pogroms in Silesia result in Jewish migration to Poland. 1310-1370 King Kazimierz (Casmir the Great) Wielki extends Jewish secular and the Statute of Kalisz (in 1334), and broadens Jewish privileges religious culture thrives. -
Szka and the Extremist Right in 1920S Hungary
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 35 Issue 5 Article 5 11-2015 The Genesis of 'Hungarism': Bishop Ottokár Prohászka and the Extremist Right in 1920s Hungary Csaba Fazekas University of Miskolc, Hungary Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Eastern European Studies Commons Recommended Citation Fazekas, Csaba (2015) "The Genesis of 'Hungarism': Bishop Ottokár Prohászka and the Extremist Right in 1920s Hungary," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 35 : Iss. 5 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol35/iss5/5 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE GENESIS OF ’HUNGARISM’: BISHOP OTTOKÁR PROHÁSZKA AND THE EXTREMIST RIGHT IN 1920S HUNGARY by Csaba Fazekas Csaba Fazekas, Ph.D., is a historian and associate professor at the University of Miskolc in Hungary. His research interests are Church–State relations in 19th and 20th century Hungary and Central Europe, Roman Catholic Church history, political movements and parties in interwar Hungary, and Christian policy in 20th century Hungary. Principal publications: “The Roman Catholic Church and the Extreme Right-wing Ideologies in Hungary, 1920–1945,” in -
Property Rights and User Innovation
A User Innovation Theory of the Numerus Clausus By Leah Marie Theriault A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of S.J.D. Graduate Faculty of Law University of Toronto © Copyright by Leah Marie Theriault, 2011 A User Innovation Theory of the Numerus Clausus Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) 2011 Leah Marie Theriault Faculty of Law University of Toronto Abstract Limitations on the customizability of property rights (the numerus clausus principle) are a puzzling feature of the common law conception of property. An economic rationale, built upon 1) the pivotal role that rules of exclusion play in fostering user innovation, and 2) the role that psychological ownership plays in preventing recontracting around governance rules, is offered to explain the modern persistence of the doctrine. Application of the numerus clausus principle limits the proliferation of governance rules in the economy (governance), replacing them with rules of exclusion (exclusion). Exclusion unifies rights of use and possession in assets, while governance separates, to a greater or lesser degree, possession from use rights. Full user, sale and the policy against restraints on alienation are the paradigmatic examples of exclusion; while governance is exemplified by servitudes and contractually-burdened assets. Exclusion plays a critical role in user innovation because it allows the possessors of assets to unilaterally seek out new uses of those assets. Whenever the law replaces governance with exclusion, user innovation is more likely to occur because the possessors of assets can apply their unique, rival and nontransferable human capital inputs to tangible assets, generating outputs (the new uses) that move resources to their ii higher-value uses.