Married. Path Valley, Pa., August 15. •Of Memphis, Tenn., August 30

Married. emmental officials and advocated radical reforms. He next joined in the publication of a periodical called Medizinische Re¬ Anthony L. "Rettaliata, M.D., to Miss Agnes M. Ryan, both form, devoted to politico-medical reform measures and in which •of Baltimore, August 27. among other changes there was urged the establishment of a W. B. Kirkpatkick, M.D., to Miss Susie A. Brinley, botli of ministerial bureau for public hygiene. His active participation Path Valley, Pa., August 15. in the liberal movement connected with the revolutionary efforts J. Talley Spence, M.D., Alma, I. T., to Miss Mary R. Brand, of 1848 led to his dismissal from public positions in Berlin, and •of Memphis, Tenn., August 30. he accepted the offer of the chair of pathological anatomy in William F. Berner, M.D., Merrill, Iowa, to Miss Hannah Würzburg, the university of which was the first to establish Boubeck of Chicago, August 27. a full chair in this branch. Here he continued his investiga¬ Robert M. Andrews, M.D., to Miss Clara Louise Church, tions, interested himself in the of a scientific 26. deeply development 'both of Bergen, . Y., August in the and in the matter of accurate Miss atmosphere university Adams . Howard, M.D., Cleveland, Ohio, to Madge statistics of local diseases. He assumed co-editor¬ Armor of 4. municipal Wooster, Ohio, September of Canstatt's Jahresbericht which since 1867 has been Louis L. to Miss Catherine ship pub¬ Gilman, M.D., Rochester, H., Virchow and Hirsch. In "Cunningham, of New York, August 11. lished by 1856 he was recalled to Berlin as Professor of General Walter E. Foster, M.D., Richmond 111., to Miss Clara Pathological Anatomy, Pathology Emma Marckhoff of 111., 21. and Therapy and Director of the Pathological Institute, and Elgin, August here Guy L. Noyes, M.D., Ann Arbor, Mich., to Miss Lucia he remained until the end of his life. Only last year a Weigand of Traverse City, Mich., August 27. magnificent new building was erected for his laboratory, and John J. Flynn, M.D., Worcester, Mass., to Miss M. Agnes in order to house adequately the great museum that he had Sweeney of North Abington, Mass., August 27. created during his long tenure of office. Porter Bruce Brockway, M.D., Toledo, Ohio, to Miss Eva While in Würzburg some of his more important original of Lake 26. Marjorie Plews Linden, Mich., August investigations were published, notably those on the chemistry and morphology of the blood and on thrombosis and embolism. Deaths and Obituaries. The work on thrombosis and embolism is to a large extent experimental, and it constitutes the real starting point of our definite knowledge of these fundamental processes. In 1858 THE DEATH OF PROFESSOR VIRCHOW. appeared his "Cellular Pathology," based upon lectures given to Rudolf Virchow is dead. With his death on September 5, physicians especially, and long recognized as an immortal classic one of near the end of his eighty-first year, there passed away that virtually created a new era in medicine. The famous that the most influential investigators, leaders, and teachers phrase "omnis cellula e cellula" "sounded the death-knell of medicine has known. The epochal significance of his great the old humoral pathology and the birth of the new cellular and the of much of his work generalization basal importance pathology," which led to systematic study of the changes pro¬ will make the name of Virchow forever prominent as are only a duced by disease in the constituent elements of the organism. few in the history of the development of medicine. Endowed Only in this way could it ever have been possible for the with a remarkable intellectual endurance he was to permitted student to penetrate close to the real secrets of natural proc¬ continue his many-sided activity until well past the venerable esses, pathologic as well as physiologic, and to arrive at general age of four score. Some months, ago he suffered an accidental laws that would permit the formulation of scientific hypotheses fracture of the hip; from the effects of this—at that age—so in medicine. By means of the principle established by Virchow -ominous an injury, be apparently made a satisfactory recovery, "all medicine came nearer natural processes by at least three but only to meet with a second and more serious accident that hundred times" (Virchow), and pathology became that branch eventually led to his death. of biology which studies the disorders of cells and cell com¬ Only the merest outline can be given at this time of the plexes. It is as the founder of cellular pathology, which and eventful career of this versatile busy genius—path¬ Virchow himself was the first to recognize as the natural de¬ ologist, anthropologist, archeologist, hygienist and reformer. velopment and application of the work of his predecessors, Oct. in in he Born 13, 1821, Schievelbein Pomerania, especially Morgagni and Biehat, and of discoveries and gener¬ studied medicine in from 183!) to where he Berlin 1843, alization by investigators in other fields, that Virchow's name under influence of Johannes in the came the lasting Müller; will ever remain an eminent landmark in the history of medi¬ fall of 1844 he became prosector under Robert Froriep at the cine. Medical men the world throughout are familiar with this Charité in Berlin, and in two years more the latter's successor. aspect of his achievements. It is part and parcel of their medi¬ The direct outcome of this early work as prosector was a funda¬ cal education and thought, and though volumes could be written mental in the of change technic postmortem examination—pro¬ concerning the various phases of cellular pathology as it now ducing eventually a technic that became the world's standard— presents itself in the light of developments that have taken and introducing a system of reliable autopsy records. Those who place since Virchow retired from active investigation—it is were privileged to witness these early autopsies were electrified now nearly half a century since he fought and won the battle the secrets dead bodies were made to tell. In 1847 he and by for the principle of cell pathology—this is not the time nor Benno Reinhardt founded the Archiv für Pathologische An¬ the place for any extended discussion. atomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin, commonly From the beginning of the publication of his Archiv in 1847 known as Virchotv's Archiv, and since Reinhardts death in Virchow strongly opposed rationalism and empiricism in 1852 conducted Virchow alone. Virchow's Archiv is now by medicine, declaring that the time had come for the application its 169th volume and forms one of the most running important of the inductive method to medical investigation. What was in scientific medical literature because of the serials many needed was close observation of individual cases clinical articles the results of valuable in¬ by pioneer embodying original and anatomical methods. In the very first volume, in the vestigations, especially in the field of pathological anatomy and famous article in which he laid down the lines along which that have been in it. The influence this histology, published medicine was to advance—and along which it did advance—he Archiv has had on the of scientific in medicine growth study says: "The filling of the clinical positions in a hospital has can be of the earlier have not overestimated. Many volumes now become a matter of supreme importance because the clin¬ been and again in order to fill the demands reprinted again ician must be not only a scientific practitioner, but also an ob¬ for complete sets in public and private libraries. The earlier server and investigator"—a remark of special significance when numbers are valuable, too, because contain many especially they to American conditions and to articles by Virchow himself in which he develops his views in applied to-day the discussions now carried the real regard to the state of scientific medicine in those days. on concerning university medical school. of the and In 1848 Virchow made a medico-sociologie study of a Virchow's organization teaching investigation of devastating epidemic of typhus fever in Upper Silesia, and pathologic anatomy was nothing less than masterly. It re¬ in his report he fearlessly exposed the shortcomings of gov- sulted in the pathologic institutes, or laboratories, which we Downloaded From: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/ by a Carleton University User on 06/19/2015 now know are indispensable for teaching and research. His Orth, Cornil, Reisz, Axel Key, Grawitz, Cohnheim, who died all official to the on need report government the and scope of such too soon, beside many, many more, have reached great promin¬ establishments with various subdepartments, like chemical ence as teachers and investigators who carried the cellular written in remains laboratory, museum, etc., 1846, still worthy principle of the great master to new centers, where its stimu¬ of those interested. we was study by Thus see clearly that he lating influence soon was felt. In 1863-67 he published his and to the on applying general scientific principles methods study great work tumors. Though never finished it remains to and investigation in medicine, and so successful were the this day perhaps the most valuable work for consultation in efforts to put an end to the day of "systems" and dyscrasias regard to the subject. His literary activity assumed large a few later he felt to write: that years encouraged "The proportions and he entered many other fields of knowledge scientific method of medical research is established. It than firmly the purely pathologic. He became an authority in an¬ is not merit to have discovered it.

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